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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-四川師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小)題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Patientscanrecallwhattheyhearwhileundergeneralanestheticeveniftheydon’twakeup,concludesanewstudy.

Severalstudiesoverthepastthreedecadeshavereportedthatpeoplecanretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemoriesofthingsthathappenedwhiletheywerebeingoperatedon.Butfailurebyotherresearcherstoconfirmsuchfindingshasledskepticstospeculatethatthepatientswhorememberedtheseeventsmightbrieflyhaveregainedconsciousnessinthecourseofoperations.

GittaLubke,PeterSebelandcolleaguesatEmoryUniversityinAtlantameasuredthedepthofanesthesiausingbispectralanalysis,atechniquewhichmeasureschangesinbrainwavepatternsinthefrontallobesmomentbymomentduringsurgery.Beforethisstudy,researchersonlytookanaveragemeasurementoverthewholeoperation,saysLubke.

Lubkestudied96traumapatientsundergoingemergencysurgery,manyofwhomweretooseverelyinjuredtotoleratefullanesthesia.Duringsurgery,eachpatientworeheadphonesthroughwhichaseriesof16wordswasrepeatedfor3minuteseach.Atthesametime,bispectralanalysisrecordedthedepthofanesthesia.

Aftertheoperation,Lubketestedthepatientsbyshowingthemthefirstthreelettersofaword,suchas“l(fā)im-”,andaskingthemtocompleteit.Patientswhohadhadawordstartingwiththeselettersplayedduringsurgery—“l(fā)imit”,forexample—chosethatwordanaverageof11percentmoreoftenthanpatientswhohadbeenplayedadifferentwordlist.Noneofthepatientshadanyconsciousmemoryofhearingthewordlists.

Unconsciousprimingwasstrongestforwordsplayedwhenpatientsweremostlightlyanaesthetized.Butitwasstatisticallysignificantevenwhenpatientswerefullyanaesthetizedwhenthewordwasplayed.

ThisfindingwhichwillbepublishedinthejournalAnesthesiologycouldmeanthatoperatingtheatrestaffshouldbemorediscreet.“Whattheysayduringsurgerymaydistresspatientsafterwards,”saysPhilipMerikle,apsychologistattheUniversityofWaterloo,Ontario.

1.Scientistshavefoundthatdeepanesthesia______.

2.Bythenewstudythetechniqueofbyspectralanalysishelpsthescientists______.

3.Totestthepatientsthescientists______.

4.Theresultsfromthenewstudyindicatethatitwaspossibleforthepatients______.

5.Whatwecaninferfromthefindingis______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.islikelytoaffecthearing

B.cannotblocksurgeon’swords

C.cancauseseriousdamagestomemory

D.helpstoretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemories

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.acquireanaveragemeasurementofbrainwavechangesoverthewholesurgery

B.decidewhetherthepatientwouldretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemories

C.relatetheirmeasurementsandrecordingstotheverbalsoundsduringsurgery

D.assurethedepthofanesthesiaduringsurgery

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.preparedtwolistsofwords

B.usedninety-sixheadphonesforlistening

C.conductedthewholeexperimentforthreeminutes

D.voicedonlythefirstthreelettersofsixteenwordsduringsurgery

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.toregainconsciousnessundertheknife

B.totellonewordfromanotheraftersurgery

C.torecallwhathadbeenheardduringsurgery

D.tooverreacttodeepanesthesiainthecourseofoperation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.howsurgeonmalpracticecanbeprevented

B.whyasurgeoncannotbetoocareful

C.whysurgeonsshouldholdtheirtonguesduringsurgery

D.howthepostoperativepatientscanretainsubconsciousmemories

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段“Patientscanrecallwhattheyhearwhileundergeneralanestheticeveniftheydon’twakeup,concludesanewstudy.(一項(xiàng)新的研究表明,即使病人沒(méi)有醒來(lái),他們也能回憶起在全身麻醉下聽(tīng)到的聲音。)”也就是說(shuō),全麻不會(huì)阻止病人聽(tīng)到醫(yī)生說(shuō)的話,所以B選項(xiàng)“不能阻擋外科醫(yī)生的話”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“可能影響聽(tīng)力”和C選項(xiàng)“會(huì)對(duì)記憶造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p害”文章沒(méi)有提及;D選項(xiàng)“幫助保持有意識(shí)或潛意識(shí)的記憶”中的“幫助”表述不當(dāng),所以不正確。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段“Severalstudiesoverthepastthreedecadeshavereportedthatpeoplecanretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemoriesofthingsthathappenedwhiletheywerebeingoperatedon.(過(guò)去30年里的幾項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告稱,人們可以對(duì)手術(shù)過(guò)程中發(fā)生的事情保持有意識(shí)或潛意識(shí)的記憶。)”和第三段“...usingbispectralanalysis,atechniquewhichmeasureschangesinbrainwavepatternsinthefrontallobesmomentbymomentduringsurgery.(使用雙譜分析技術(shù)測(cè)量了麻醉深度,這種技術(shù)可以測(cè)量手術(shù)過(guò)程中大腦額葉中腦電波模式的變化。)”可知雙譜分析技術(shù)是幫助科學(xué)家們決定病人是保留有意識(shí)的記憶還是潛意識(shí)的記憶,所以B選項(xiàng)“判斷病人是否會(huì)保留有意識(shí)的記憶或潛意識(shí)的記憶”正確。由第三段“Beforethisstudy,researchersonlytookanaveragemeasurementoverthewholeoperation(在這項(xiàng)研究之前,研究人員只對(duì)整個(gè)手術(shù)進(jìn)行了平均測(cè)量)”可知A選項(xiàng)“獲得整個(gè)手術(shù)期間腦電波變化的平均測(cè)量值”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤;C選項(xiàng)“將他們的測(cè)量和錄音與手術(shù)過(guò)程中的語(yǔ)音聯(lián)系起來(lái)”和D選項(xiàng)“術(shù)中保證麻醉深度”不符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第五段Patientswhohadhadawordstartingwiththeselettersplayedduringsurgery—“l(fā)imit”,forexample—chosethatwordanaverageof11percentmoreoftenthanpatientswhohadbeenplayedadifferentwordlist.(那些在手術(shù)中播放以這些字母開(kāi)頭的單詞的患者——例如,“l(fā)imit”——選擇這個(gè)單詞的頻率比播放不同單詞列表的患者平均高11%)可推斷出有兩個(gè)不同的單詞表,所以A選項(xiàng)“準(zhǔn)備了兩份單詞表”正確。B選項(xiàng)“使用了九十六個(gè)耳機(jī)聽(tīng)”;C選項(xiàng)“整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了三分鐘”;D選項(xiàng)“在手術(shù)中只發(fā)聲16個(gè)單詞的前三個(gè)字母”都不符合原文,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段“Patientscanrecallwhattheyhearwhileundergeneralanestheticeveniftheydon’twakeup,concludesanewstudy.(一項(xiàng)新的研究表明,即使病人沒(méi)有醒來(lái),他們也能回憶起在全身麻醉下聽(tīng)到的聲音。)”可知對(duì)病人來(lái)說(shuō)?;貞浧鹗中g(shù)期間聽(tīng)到的東西是有可能的,所以C選項(xiàng)“回憶手術(shù)中聽(tīng)到的一切”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在刀下恢復(fù)意識(shí)”;B選項(xiàng)“手術(shù)后說(shuō)出一個(gè)詞和另一個(gè)詞”;D選項(xiàng)“在手術(shù)過(guò)程中對(duì)深度麻醉反應(yīng)過(guò)度”都不符合原文,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段“...operatingtheatrestaffshouldbemorediscreet...Whattheysayduringsurgerymaydistresspatientsafterwards(……這可能意味著手術(shù)室的工作人員應(yīng)該更加謹(jǐn)慎……他們?cè)谑中g(shù)中說(shuō)的話可能會(huì)讓病人在手術(shù)后感到痛苦)”可推斷出工作人員在手術(shù)期間最好不要說(shuō)話,所以C選項(xiàng)“為什么外科醫(yī)生在手術(shù)時(shí)不應(yīng)該說(shuō)話”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“如何防止外科醫(yī)生瀆職”;B選項(xiàng)“為什么外科醫(yī)生越小心越好”;D選項(xiàng)“術(shù)后患者如何保持潛意識(shí)記憶”均不符合原文,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Parentsoftenfacedthe______betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.paradox

B.junction

C.dilemma

D.premise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)paradox“悖論,反論;似是而非的論點(diǎn);自相矛盾的人或事”;B選項(xiàng)junction“連接,接合;交叉點(diǎn);接合點(diǎn)”;C選項(xiàng)dilemma“困境;進(jìn)退兩難;兩刀論法”;D選項(xiàng)premise“前提,假定;(常復(fù)數(shù))商店、餐館、公司等使用的房屋及土地;(常復(fù)數(shù))上訴各項(xiàng)”。句意:父母?jìng)兘?jīng)常面對(duì)這樣的兩難處境,是選擇做他們認(rèn)為的對(duì)孩子發(fā)展好的事情呢,還是選擇對(duì)其放任自流。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Inasudden______ofanger,themantoreupeverythingwithinreach.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attack

B.burst

C.split

D.blast

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)attack“攻擊;抨擊;動(dòng)手干”;B選項(xiàng)burst“爆炸;戳破;爆裂;(器官或血管)爆裂;裝滿;充滿感情;突然爆發(fā)(某種感情)”;C選項(xiàng)split“分離;使分離;劈開(kāi);離開(kāi);分解”;D選項(xiàng)blast“爆炸;損害;使枯萎”。根據(jù)固定搭配inasuddenburstofanger“突然爆發(fā)的憤怒”可知句意為:那人勃然大怒,把伸手可及的一切東西都撕碎了。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Oncloser______,however,theplacehassubtlemarksofdistinction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspection

B.inspiration

C.expectation

D.execution

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inspection“視察,檢查”;B選項(xiàng)inspiration“靈感;鼓舞;吸氣;妙計(jì)”;C選項(xiàng)expectation“期待;預(yù)期;指望”;D選項(xiàng)execution“執(zhí)行,實(shí)行;完成;死刑”。句意:然而,仔細(xì)觀察,這個(gè)地方有微妙的區(qū)別。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Ascientist______judgmentandrefrainsfromdrawingconclusionsuntilallthefactsareknown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.delays

B.postpones

C.suspends

D.adjourns

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)delays“延期;(使)耽擱;推遲”(多指因外界原因推遲或耽誤,也可指有意推遲);B選項(xiàng)postpones“使……延期;把……放在次要地位;把……放在后面;延緩,延遲;延緩發(fā)作”(正式用詞,語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng),多指有安排的延期,常指明延期到一定的時(shí)間);C選項(xiàng)suspends“延緩,推遲;使暫停;使懸??;懸?。唤悺保ㄖ笗簳r(shí)中斷以待某種條件的實(shí)現(xiàn));D選項(xiàng)adjourns“休會(huì);延期;換地方;推遲;使……中止;使……延期”(多指會(huì)議休會(huì)、法庭休庭或?qū)徟醒悠冢?。句意:科學(xué)家暫時(shí)停止了判斷和總結(jié),直到所有的證據(jù)都擺在眼前。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thehealth-careeconomyisrepletewithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.Oneoftheleastunderstoodinvolvesthepeculiarrolesofproduceror“provider”andpurchaseror“consumer”inthetypicaldoctor—patientrelationship.Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Wherecircumstancespermitthebuyernochoicebecausethereiseffectivelyonlyonesellerandtheproductisrelativelyessential,governmentusuallyassertsmonopolyandplacestheindustryunderpriceandotherregulations.Neitheroftheseconditionsprevailsinmostofthehealth-careindustry.

Inthehealth-careindustry,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisthemirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipbetweenproducerandconsumer.Onceanindividualhaschosentoseeaphysician—andeventhentheremaybenorealchoice—itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn“nextWednesday”,whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.Itisarareandsophisticatedpatientwhowillchallengesuchprofessionaldecisionsorraiseinadvancequestionsaboutprice,especiallywhenthediseaseisregardedasserious.

Thisisparticularlysignificantinrelationtohospitalcare.Thephysicianmustcertifytheneedforhospitalization,determinewhatprocedureswillbeperformed,andannouncewhenthepatientmaybedischarged.Thepatientmaybeconsultedaboutsomeofthesedecisions,butinthemainitisthedoctor’sjudgmentsthatarefinal.Littlewonderthenthatintheeyeofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal“consumer.”Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe“powercenter”inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.

Althoughusuallythereareinthissituationfouridentifiableparticipants:thephysician,thehospital,thepatient,andthepayer(generallyaninsurancecarrierorgovernment)—thephysicianmakestheessentialdecisionsforallofthem.Thehospitalbecomesanextensionofthephysician;thepayergenerallymeetsmostofthebillsgeneratedbythephysician/hospital,andforthemostpartthepatientplaysapassiverole.Inroutineorminorillnesses,orjustplainworries,thepatient’soptionsare,ofcourse,muchgreaterwithrespecttouseandprice.Inillnessesthatareofsomesignificance,however,suchchoicestendtoevaporate,anditisforillnessesthatthebulkofthehealth-caredollarisspent.Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.

1.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto______.

2.Itcanbeinferredthatdoctorsareabletodeterminehospitalpoliciesbecause______.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whenadoctortellsapatientto“returnnextWednesday”(para.2),thedoctorisineffect______.

4.Theauthorismostprobablyleadingupto______.

5.Itisthephysicianwhoisthereal“consumer”(Para.3)meansthatthephysicianisthepartythat______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.speculateabouttherelationshipbetweenapatient’sabilitytopayandthetreatmentreceived

B.criticizedoctorsforexercisingtoomuchcontroloverpatients

C.analyzesomeimportanteconomicfactorsinhealthcare

D.urgehospitalstoreclaimtheirdecision-makingauthority

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisdoctorswhogenerateincomeforthehospital

B.mostofthepatient’sbillsarepaidbyhishealthinsurance

C.hospitaladministratorslacktheexpertisetoquestionmedicaldecisions

D.adoctorisultimatelyresponsibleforapatient’shealth

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.takingadvantageofthepatient’sconcernforhishealth

B.instructingthepatienttobuymoremedicalservices

C.warningthepatientthathospitalstaymightbenecessary

D.advisingthepatienttoseekasecondopinion

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.ananalysisofthecausesofinflation

B.aproposaltocontrolmedicalcosts

C.adiscussionofanewmedicaltreatment

D.adiscussionofnewmedicalcosts

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.paysforgoodsorservices

B.deliversgoodsorservices

C.ordersgoodsorservices

D.reimbursesathirdpartyforgoodsorservices

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Thehealth-careeconomyisrepletewithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.(醫(yī)療保健經(jīng)濟(jì)充滿了不同尋常甚至獨(dú)特的經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系。)”可知本文將要討論衛(wèi)生保健行業(yè)中的特殊經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系,其余三段主要分析了醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域的一些重要的影響相互之間經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系的因素:醫(yī)生、醫(yī)院、病人以及支付者,因此C選項(xiàng)“分析衛(wèi)生保健中一些重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)因素”符合文章大意。A選項(xiàng)“推測(cè)病人的支付能力和所接受的治療之間的關(guān)系”;B選項(xiàng)“批評(píng)醫(yī)生對(duì)病人過(guò)分控制”;D選項(xiàng)“敦促醫(yī)院收回他們的決策權(quán)”都太過(guò)片面,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“...itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn“nextWednesday”,whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.(所有重要的購(gòu)買(mǎi)決定通常都是由醫(yī)生做出的:病人是否應(yīng)該下周三回來(lái),是否需要x光,是否應(yīng)該開(kāi)藥方,等等。)”以及第三段結(jié)尾“Littlewonderthenthatintheeyeofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal‘consumer.’Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe‘powercenter’inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.(難怪在醫(yī)院的眼里,醫(yī)生才是真正的‘消費(fèi)者’。因此,醫(yī)務(wù)人員代表的是醫(yī)院政策和決策的‘權(quán)力中心’,而不是管理部門(mén)。)”,由此可知決定醫(yī)學(xué)治療的是醫(yī)生,也就是說(shuō)決定醫(yī)院收入的也是醫(yī)生,因此A選項(xiàng)“是醫(yī)生為醫(yī)院創(chuàng)造了收入”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“病人的大部分賬單是由他的健康保險(xiǎn)支付的”不符合題意;C選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)院管理者缺乏質(zhì)疑醫(yī)療決定的專業(yè)知識(shí)”文章沒(méi)有提到;D選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生對(duì)病人的健康負(fù)有最終責(zé)任”不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn‘nextWednesday’,whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.(所有重要的購(gòu)買(mǎi)決定通常都是由醫(yī)生做出的:病人是否應(yīng)該下周三回來(lái),是否需要x光,是否應(yīng)該開(kāi)藥方,等等。)”,由此可知當(dāng)醫(yī)生讓病人下周三再來(lái)的時(shí)候,實(shí)際上是由醫(yī)生指導(dǎo)病人購(gòu)買(mǎi)更多的醫(yī)療服務(wù),因此B選項(xiàng)“指示病人購(gòu)買(mǎi)更多的醫(yī)療服務(wù)”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“利用病人對(duì)健康的關(guān)心”;C選項(xiàng)“警告病人住院可能是必要的”以及D選項(xiàng)“建議病人尋求另一種療法”的最終目的都是為了購(gòu)買(mǎi)更多醫(yī)療服務(wù),因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Inroutineorminorillnesses,orjustplainworries,thepatient’soptionsare,ofcourse,muchgreaterwithrespecttouseandprice.Inillnessesthatareofsomesignificance,however,suchchoicestendtoevaporate,anditisforillnessesthatthebulkofthehealth-caredollarisspent.Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.(在日?;蜉p微的疾病,或只是簡(jiǎn)單的擔(dān)憂,病人的選擇,當(dāng)然,更多的是使用和價(jià)格。然而,在一些有重要意義的疾病中,這樣的選擇往往會(huì)消失,醫(yī)療保健的大部分錢(qián)都花在了疾病上。我們估計(jì)75%到80%的醫(yī)療支出是由醫(yī)生決定的,而不是病人。)”以及結(jié)合全文可知文章主要分析了醫(yī)生和病人之間特殊的經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系,末段最后兩句指出大部分衛(wèi)生保健費(fèi)用由醫(yī)生決定,正因?yàn)槿绱耍@樣的體制會(huì)顯得很無(wú)效。由此可以推斷,作者接下來(lái)會(huì)提出對(duì)這種體制進(jìn)行改革,B選項(xiàng)“控制醫(yī)療費(fèi)用的建議”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“通貨膨脹原因的分析”文章沒(méi)有提到;C選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于一種新療法的討論”以及D選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于新的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用的討論”都不能很好的銜接文章內(nèi)容,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題?!癱onsumer”意為“消費(fèi)者”,A選項(xiàng)“支付商品或服務(wù)的費(fèi)用”更符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“遞送商品或服務(wù)”;C選項(xiàng)“訂購(gòu)商品或服務(wù)”;D選項(xiàng)“報(bào)銷(xiāo)第三方的商品或服務(wù)”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Itisapityfor______anydisagreementinthefamily.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theretobe

B.therebeing

C.therebe

D.being

【答案】A

【解析】考查不定式用法。不定式結(jié)構(gòu)做主語(yǔ)通常表示具體動(dòng)作,間或也可表示抽象動(dòng)作,這一點(diǎn)與-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做主語(yǔ)恰恰相反。用作主語(yǔ)的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)通常可以在特定上下文或情景中看出,也可以由“for+名詞詞組”或“for+theretobe”表示。如:

ItisimportantforustohaveagoodgraspofEnglish.

It’sapityfortheretobeanydisagreementinthefamily.(在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,there后面的不定式只能是tobe)

本題句意:家庭不和實(shí)在是很遺憾。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Improvedconsumerconfidenceis______toaneconomicrecovery.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.crucial

B.subordinate

C.cumulative

D.satisfactory

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)crucial“重要的;決定性的;定局的;決斷的”;B選項(xiàng)subordinate“從屬的,隸屬的;次要的”;C選項(xiàng)cumulative“累積的”;D選項(xiàng)satisfactory“滿意的;符合要求的;贖罪的”。句意:消費(fèi)者信心的改善對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇至關(guān)重要。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Ifyouworkunderacarwhenrepairingit,youoftengetvery______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.waxy

B.slippery

C.sticky

D.greasy

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)waxy“蠟制的;像蠟的,質(zhì)地光滑的,柔軟的;蠟色的,蒼白的;(非正式)生氣的”;B選項(xiàng)slippery“滑的;狡猾的;不穩(wěn)定的”;C選項(xiàng)sticky“黏的;黏性的”;D選項(xiàng)greasy“油膩的;含脂肪多的;諂媚的”。句意:如果你在車(chē)底下修理汽車(chē),你通常會(huì)弄得滿身油污。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.翻譯題

Asimilarmovementisgoingonbeforeourowneyes.Modernbourgeoissociety,withitsrelationsofproduction,ofexchangeandofproperty,asocietythathasconjuredupsuchgiganticmeansofproductionandofexchange,islikethesorcererwhoisnolongerabletocontrolthepowersofthenetherworldwhomhehascalledupbyhisspells.Formanyadecadepast,thehistoryofindustryandcommerceisbutthehistoryoftherevoltofmodernproductiveforcesagainstmodernconditionsofproduction,againstthepropertyrelationsthataretheconditionsfortheexistenceofthebourgeoisandofitsrule.Itisenoughtomentionthecommercialcrisesthat,bytheirperiodicalreturn,puttheexistenceoftheentirebourgeoissocietyonitstrial,eachtimemorethreateningly.Inthesecrises,agreatpartnotonlyoftheexistingproducts,butalsoofthepreviouslycreatedproductiveforces,areperiodicallydestroyed.Inthesecrises,therebreaksoutanepidemicthat,inallearlierepochs,wouldhaveseemedanabsurdity—theepidemicofover-production.Societysuddenlyfindsitselfputbackintoastateofmomentarybarbarism;itappearsasifafamine,auniversalwarofdevastation,hadcutoffthesupplyofeverymeansofsubsistence;industryandcommerceseemtobedestroyed.Andwhy?

Becausethereistoomuchcivilization,toomuchmeansofsubsistence,toomuchindustry,toomuchcommerce.Theproductiveforcesatthedisposalofsocietynolongertendtofurtherthedevelopmentoftheconditionsofbourgeoisproperty;onthecontrary,theyhavebecometoopowerfulfortheseconditions,bywhichtheyarefettered,andsosoonastheyovercomethesefetters,theybringdisorderintothewholeofbourgeoissociety,endangertheexistenceofbourgeoisproperty.Theconditionsofbourgeoissocietyaretoonarrowtocomprisethewealthcreatedbythem.Andhowdoesthebourgeoisiegetoverthesecrises?Ontheonehand,byenforceddestructionofamassofproductiveforces;ontheother,bytheconquestofnewmarkets,andbythemorethoroughexploitationoftheoldones.Thatistosay,bypavingthewayformoreextensiveandmoredestructivecrises,andbydiminishingthemeanswherebycrisesareprevented.

【答案】現(xiàn)在,我們眼前又進(jìn)行著類似的運(yùn)動(dòng)。資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的生產(chǎn)關(guān)系和交換關(guān)系,資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的所有制關(guān)系,這個(gè)曾經(jīng)仿佛用法術(shù)創(chuàng)造了如此龐大的生產(chǎn)資料和交換手段的現(xiàn)代資產(chǎn)階級(jí)社會(huì),現(xiàn)在像一個(gè)魔法師一樣不能再支配自己用法術(shù)呼喚出來(lái)的魔鬼了。幾十年來(lái)的工業(yè)和商業(yè)的歷史,只不過(guò)是現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)力反抗現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)關(guān)系、反抗作為資產(chǎn)階級(jí)及其統(tǒng)治的存在條件的所有制關(guān)系的歷史。只要指出在周期性的重復(fù)中越來(lái)越危及整個(gè)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)社會(huì)生存的商業(yè)危機(jī)就夠了。在商業(yè)危機(jī)期間,總是不僅有很大一部分制成的產(chǎn)品被毀滅掉,而且有很大一部分已經(jīng)造成的生產(chǎn)力被毀滅掉。在危機(jī)期間,發(fā)生一種在過(guò)去一切時(shí)代看來(lái)都好像是荒唐現(xiàn)象的社會(huì)瘟疫,即生產(chǎn)過(guò)剩的瘟疫。社會(huì)突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己回到了一時(shí)的野蠻狀態(tài):仿佛是一次饑荒、一場(chǎng)普遍的毀滅性戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),使社會(huì)失去了全部生活資料;仿佛是工業(yè)和商業(yè)全被毀滅了,——這是什么緣故呢?因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)上文明過(guò)度,生活資料太多,工業(yè)和商業(yè)太發(fā)達(dá)。社會(huì)所擁有的生產(chǎn)力已經(jīng)不能再促進(jìn)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)文明和資產(chǎn)階級(jí)所有制關(guān)系的發(fā)展;相反,生產(chǎn)力已經(jīng)強(qiáng)大到這種關(guān)系所不能適應(yīng)的地步,它已經(jīng)受到這種關(guān)系的阻礙;而它一著手克服這種障礙,就使整個(gè)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)社會(huì)陷入混亂,就使資產(chǎn)階級(jí)所有制的存在受到威脅。資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的關(guān)系已經(jīng)太狹窄了,再容納不了它本身所造成的財(cái)富了。——資產(chǎn)階級(jí)用什么辦法來(lái)克服這種危機(jī)呢?一方面不得不消滅大量生產(chǎn)力,另一方面奪取新的市場(chǎng),更加徹底地利用舊的市場(chǎng)。這究竟是怎樣的一種辦法呢?這不過(guò)是資產(chǎn)階級(jí)準(zhǔn)備更全面更猛烈的危機(jī)的辦法,不過(guò)是使防止危機(jī)的手段越來(lái)越少的辦法。

11.單選題

Iamsurethatwithyourremarkableabilityandrichexperience,thecurrentsessionyou______overwillbeasuccess.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presume

B.propel

C.preside

D.prick

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)presume“假定;推測(cè);擅自;意味著”;B選項(xiàng)propel“推進(jìn);驅(qū)使;激勵(lì);驅(qū)策”;C選項(xiàng)preside“負(fù)責(zé);主持”;D選項(xiàng)“戳;扎破;(使)感到刺痛”。根據(jù)固定搭配presideover“主持;執(zhí)掌;負(fù)責(zé);管理”可知句意為:我相信,以你卓越的能力和豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn),你主持的本屆會(huì)議將取得成功。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.翻譯題

Thelivesofmostmenaredeterminedbytheirenvironment.Theyacceptthecircumstancesamidwhichfatehasthrownthemnotonlywithresignationbutevenwithgoodwill.Theyarelikestreetcarsrunningcontentedlyontheirrailsandtheydespisethemotorcyclethatdashesinandoutofthetrafficandspeedssojauntilyacrosstheopencounty.Irespectthem;theyaregoodcitizens,goodhusbandsandgoodfathersandofcoursesomebodyhastopaythetaxes;butIdon’tfindthemexciting.Iamfascinatedbythemenfewenoughinallconsciencewhotakelifeintheirownhandsandseemtomouldittotheirownliking.Itmaybethatwehavenosuchthingasfreewillbutatalleventswegavetheillusionofit.Atacross-road,itdoesseemtousthatwemightgoeithertotherightortotheleftandthechoiceoncemade,itisdifficulttoseethatwholecourseofthewordshistoryobligedustotaketheturningwedid.

【答案】對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō),生活是由環(huán)境決定的。他們?cè)诿\(yùn)的撥弄面前,不僅逆來(lái)順受,甚至還能隨遇而安。這些人猶如街上的有軌電車(chē),滿足于在自己的軌道上運(yùn)行;而對(duì)于那些不時(shí)出沒(méi)于車(chē)水馬龍間和歡快地奔馳在曠野上的廉價(jià)小汽車(chē)卻不屑一顧。我尊重這些人;他們是守法的公民、盡職的丈夫、慈祥的父親。當(dāng)然,總得有人繳納種種稅款;可是,我并不覺(jué)得他們使人振奮。另有些人把生活掌握在自己手里,似乎在按照自己的意愿創(chuàng)造生活,盡管這樣的人寥若晨星,他們卻深深地吸引了我。自由意志這玩意兒對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)也許純屬子虛烏有;但不管怎么說(shuō),它確實(shí)存在于我們的幻想之中。每逢站在十字路口,我們好像能在左右兩條道路中任選其一,可一旦選定之后,卻又很難認(rèn)識(shí)到那實(shí)際是世界歷史的整個(gè)進(jìn)程左右了我們的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。

13.單選題

Theinsectthat______afinemistneatlyandquicklycannotbesimplypouredintoabottle.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.spurs

B.sprays

C.squashes

D.spreads

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)spurs“鞭策;促進(jìn);策馬前進(jìn);緊貼主干剪短”;B選項(xiàng)sprays“噴;掃射”;C選項(xiàng)squashes“把……壓扁;擠進(jìn),塞入;壓制,抑制;打斷,制止;去除,粉碎;斷然拒絕;把……鎮(zhèn)住,使無(wú)言以對(duì)”;D選項(xiàng)spreads“傳播;伸展;散布;展開(kāi);鋪開(kāi)”。句意:這種可快速均勻地噴灑成細(xì)霧的驅(qū)蟲(chóng)劑并非是簡(jiǎn)單地注入瓶中的。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Everyyearschoolsalloverthecountrywill_______newstudentsthefirstweekinSeptember.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.absorb

B.include

C.enroll

D.register

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)absorb“吸收;吸引;承受;理解”;B選項(xiàng)include“包含,包括”;C選項(xiàng)enroll“登記;使加入;把……記入名冊(cè);使入伍”;D選項(xiàng)register“登記;(旅館)登記住宿;掛號(hào)郵寄;表達(dá)(意見(jiàn)或情感);顯示(讀數(shù))”。register一般是指錄取后登記;enroll是報(bào)名參加的意思,僅是報(bào)名階段。句意:每年9月的第一周,全國(guó)各地的學(xué)校都會(huì)招收新生。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Complicated______itis,theproblemcanbesolvedinonlytwohourswithanelectroniccomputer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.like

B.as

C.however

D.evenif

【答案】B

【解析】考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。讓步狀語(yǔ)從句是狀語(yǔ)從句中的一種,一般翻譯為“盡管……”或“即使……”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞主要有:though,although,while,as;evenif,eventhough;whether...or...等,as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn),被倒裝的部分可以是表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形,though也可用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中,但although不可以這樣用。evenif引導(dǎo)的讓步從句含有強(qiáng)烈的假定性,可用來(lái)表示與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),但不能用來(lái)描述已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事實(shí)。該題題干為部分倒裝語(yǔ)序,句意:雖然這道題很復(fù)雜,但用電子計(jì)算機(jī)只需兩個(gè)小時(shí)就能解決。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Fallingintoanervous,feverishdozesoonhereafter,hefoundhimselfdreamingofa______blackdogthatwastryingtobitehim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.profound

B.merciful

C.prospective

D.savage

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)profound“深厚的;意義深遠(yuǎn)的;淵博的”;B選項(xiàng)merciful“仁慈的;慈悲的;寬容的”;C選項(xiàng)prospective“未來(lái)的;預(yù)期的”;D選項(xiàng)savage“野蠻的;殘酷的;狂怒的;荒涼的”。句意:此后不久,他陷入緊張、發(fā)燒的睡夢(mèng)中,夢(mèng)見(jiàn)一只野蠻的黑狗正試圖咬他。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Whenacountryisunder-populated,newcomersarenotcompetitors,butassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotas,buta(1)aswell.Insuchastateofthingslandis(2)andcheap.Thepossessionofit(3)nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages(4)hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan(5)byhisownlabor,orwithsuchaidashisownfamily(6)

.Hence,again,land(7)littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborerslivingon(8),butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers.Allare(9)onanequality,anddemocracybecomesthepoliticalform,becausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequality,onwhichdemocracyis(10),isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully(11)byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The(12)ofthese,withtheexceptionofsomekindsofmining,isthattheycall(13)onlyaloworganizationoflaborandsmallamountofcapital.Hencetheyallowtheworkmantobecome(14)hisownmaster,andtheyeducatehimtofreedom,independence,andself-(15).Atthesametime,thesocialgroupsbeingonly(16)markedofffromeachother,itiseasyto(17)fromoneclassofoccupations,andconsequentlyfromonesocialgrade,toanother.Finally,underthesamecircumstances,education,skill,andsuperiortraininghavebutinferiorvaluecomparedwithwhattheyhavein(18)populatedcountries.The(19)lieinanunder-populatedcountry,withthe(20),unskilled,manualoccupations,andnotwiththehighestdevelopmentsofscience,literature,andart.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.surplus

B.plus

C.remains

D.remainder

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.scarce

B.sacred

C.abundant

D.extractive

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.infers

B.defers

C.confers

D.refers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.but

B.when

C.while

D.so

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.cultivate

B.culminate

C.calculate

D.conceive

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.requests

B.supplies

C.implies

D.deploys

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.fosters

B.promotes

C.bears

D.contributes

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.rewards

B.salaries

C.wages

D.awards

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.intentionally

B.potentially

C.substantially

D.consistently

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.fertilized

B.based

C.drawn

D.guaranteed

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.influenced

B.checked

C.reinforced

D.reshaped

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.feature

B.characteristic

C.essence

D.fundamental

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.off

B.on

C.to

D.for

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.speedily

B.merrily

C.unfortunately

D.amusingly

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.autonomy

B.reliance

C.dependence

D.regulation

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.obviously

B.vaguely

C.positively

D.apparently

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.transfer

B.transform

C.transmit

D.transport

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.sporadically

B.densely

C.loosely

D.neatly

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.advantages

B.disadvantages

C.gains

D.deficits

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.flexible

B.coarse

C.presentable

D.masculine

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:C

第9題:C

第10題:B

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:A

第15題:B

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:B

【解析】1.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)surplus“剩余;順差;盈余;過(guò)?!保ㄖ赋^(guò)需要數(shù)量之外的剩余);B選項(xiàng)plus“優(yōu)勢(shì);加號(hào);加法;附加額”;C選項(xiàng)remains“殘余物,剩飯菜;古跡,遺跡;遺骸”(常指人或動(dòng)物死后的遺體或遺骨,也指古代文明的遺跡或去世作家尚未發(fā)表的遺稿);D選項(xiàng)remainder“余數(shù),殘余;剩余物;其余的人”(含義較廣,可以指數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算中的余數(shù),也指從整體取走或用掉部分后的所余部分,或一群人走掉一部分剩下的人)。句意:當(dāng)一個(gè)國(guó)家人口不足時(shí),新來(lái)者不是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,而是助手。如果更多,他們可能不僅會(huì)產(chǎn)生新的指標(biāo),還會(huì)產(chǎn)生盈余。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.邏輯關(guān)系題。A選項(xiàng)scarce“缺乏的,不足的;稀有的”;B選項(xiàng)sacred“神的;神圣的;宗教的;莊嚴(yán)的”;C選項(xiàng)abundant“豐富的;充裕的;盛產(chǎn)的”;D選項(xiàng)extractive“提取的;可萃取的;精粹的;采掘的”。根據(jù)上下文可知,在人口不足的國(guó)家里,土地是充足的,與后面的cheap相呼應(yīng)。句意:在這樣的國(guó)家里,土地是充足而廉價(jià)的。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)infer“推斷;推論;做出推論”;B選項(xiàng)defer“推遲;延期;服從;使推遲;使延期”;C選項(xiàng)confer“授予;給予;協(xié)商”,常與on連用;D選項(xiàng)refers“參考;涉及;提到;查閱;涉及;委托;歸諸于;使……求助于”。句意:擁有土地并不意味著擁有權(quán)力和特權(quán)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)but“但是”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系;B選項(xiàng)when“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”,表示時(shí)間,也可表示條件;C選項(xiàng)while“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”,有轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比、遞進(jìn)的意義,但無(wú)條件的意義;D選項(xiàng)so“所以,因此”,表示結(jié)果。本題上下句之間是條件關(guān)系,其意為:如果一個(gè)人有了新土地自謀生路,他就不會(huì)為了賺錢(qián)而替別人工作。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞與上文中的名詞land搭配,A選項(xiàng)cultivate“培養(yǎng);陶冶;耕作”;B選項(xiàng)culminate“到絕頂;達(dá)到高潮;達(dá)到頂點(diǎn)”;C選項(xiàng)calculate“計(jì)算;預(yù)測(cè);認(rèn)為;打算”;D選項(xiàng)conceive“懷孕;構(gòu)思;以為;持有”。其中只有A選項(xiàng)cultivate能與land搭配,意為“耕作土地”,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)request“請(qǐng)求”;B選項(xiàng)supply“提供”;C選項(xiàng)imply意為“暗示”;D選項(xiàng)deploy意為“部署,展開(kāi)”。句意:一個(gè)人購(gòu)買(mǎi)土地不會(huì)超出他的耕作能力范圍,或者不會(huì)超出其家人所能提供的幫助的范圍。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。上文已經(jīng)提到,土地很廉價(jià),擁有土地并不意味著被賦予(confer)了權(quán)力和特權(quán),此處又說(shuō)到Hence,againland______littleornorent,所以此處所選的詞必定為confer的同義詞,A選項(xiàng)fosters“培養(yǎng),促進(jìn);代養(yǎng),照料”;B選項(xiàng)promotes“促進(jìn);提升;推銷(xiāo);發(fā)揚(yáng)”;C選項(xiàng)bears“忍受;承擔(dān);具有;負(fù)擔(dān);生孩子;結(jié)果實(shí);開(kāi)花;攜帶”;D選項(xiàng)contributes“貢獻(xiàn),出力;投稿;捐獻(xiàn)”。句意:土地能獲得的租金很少,或幾乎不能獲得租金。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reward“回報(bào),報(bào)酬”,常指為好的行為或工作而付出的報(bào)酬;B選項(xiàng)salary“工資”,是技術(shù)性較強(qiáng)的職業(yè)或腦力勞動(dòng)所得的固定報(bào)酬;C選項(xiàng)wage“手工/體力勞動(dòng)所得報(bào)酬”,常以時(shí)間/工件為計(jì)算單位;D選項(xiàng)award“獎(jiǎng)金/獎(jiǎng)狀/獎(jiǎng)?wù)碌泉?jiǎng)品”,通常為正式?jīng)Q定頒給某人的東西,通常是獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容,開(kāi)發(fā)土地的是體力勞動(dòng)者,他們的報(bào)酬應(yīng)為C選項(xiàng)wages。句意:因此,社會(huì)中也就沒(méi)有靠租金為生的地主或靠工錢(qián)過(guò)活的雇農(nóng),而只有屬于中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的自耕農(nóng)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)intentionally“故意地”;B選項(xiàng)potentially“潛在地”;C選項(xiàng)substantially“本質(zhì)上,充分地”;D選項(xiàng)consistently“一貫地,始終一致地”。原文此處指的是全體社會(huì)成員之間是充分平等的,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)fertilize“施肥”;B選項(xiàng)based“立基于,以……為基礎(chǔ)”;C選項(xiàng)draw(on)“穿戴;催促某人;(時(shí)間)迫近,依賴等”;D選項(xiàng)guarantee“保證,擔(dān)?!?。根據(jù)固定搭配bebasedon“建立在……基礎(chǔ)上”可知句意為:全體社會(huì)成員間的關(guān)系是充分平等的,民主成為了政治形式。因?yàn)檫@是唯一一個(gè)真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了平等的社會(huì),而平等正是民主的基礎(chǔ)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)influenced“影響;改變”;B選項(xiàng)checked“檢查,核對(duì);制止,抑制”;C選項(xiàng)reinforced“加強(qiáng),加固;強(qiáng)化;補(bǔ)充”;D選項(xiàng)reshape“改造;再成形”。根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容,前面談及民主的產(chǎn)生在于各社會(huì)成員間充分平等,下文談到教育公民懂得freedom,independence等,這是對(duì)民主的進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化,全句句意為:別的一些事實(shí)也強(qiáng)化了這種民主效果。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)feature“特色,特征”,指某一事物引人注意的部分或細(xì)節(jié),而不指性質(zhì);B選項(xiàng)characteristic“特征;特性;特色”,指人或物顯露出的與其他人或物不同的持續(xù)的品質(zhì);C選項(xiàng)essence“本質(zhì),實(shí)質(zhì);精華;香精”,事物最基本的、必不可少的特質(zhì);D選項(xiàng)fundamental“基本原理;基本原則”。根據(jù)句意:除某些采礦業(yè)外,這些礦業(yè)的特點(diǎn)是只需要低水平的勞動(dòng)力組織和少量的資本。下面所提及的是這種行業(yè)的特征,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)calloff“取消;依次叫名;叫走”;B選項(xiàng)callon“訪問(wèn),拜訪;號(hào)召,請(qǐng)求”;C選項(xiàng)callto“打電話給;呼喚;向……喊;(動(dòng)物)向……發(fā)出特有的叫聲”;D選項(xiàng)callfor“要求;需要;提倡;邀請(qǐng);為……叫喊;前往接某人”。句意:采掘業(yè)只需要一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的勞動(dòng)組織和少量資金,只有某些采礦業(yè)除外。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)speedily“迅速地;趕緊”;B選項(xiàng)merrily“愉快地;高興地”;C選項(xiàng)unfortunately“不幸地”;D選項(xiàng)amusingly“令人發(fā)笑地,有趣地”。句意:移民很容易獲得土地,所以他們成為自己的主人的時(shí)間非??臁R虼薃選項(xiàng)正確。

15.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)autonomy“自治,自治權(quán)”;B選項(xiàng)reliance“信賴;信心;受信賴的人或物”;C選項(xiàng)dependence“依賴;依靠;信任;信賴”;D選項(xiàng)regulation“管理;規(guī)則;校準(zhǔn)”。句意:因此,他們?cè)试S工人快速擁有土地,從而使他們成為自己的主人。他們還教育工人懂得自由、獨(dú)立和自立。reliance與self連用,意為“自立”,符合文義,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obviously“一目了然地”;B選項(xiàng)vaguely“含糊地;曖昧地;茫然地”;C選項(xiàng)positively“肯定地;明確地;斷然地;樂(lè)觀地”;D選項(xiàng)apparently“顯然地;似乎,表面上”。根據(jù)下文“itiseasyto______fromoneclassofoccupations,andconsequentlyfromonesocialgrade,toanother”可知,社會(huì)中各階層的界限不嚴(yán)格,即比較模糊,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)transfer“轉(zhuǎn)讓;轉(zhuǎn)接;調(diào)動(dòng)(工作);轉(zhuǎn)換”;B選項(xiàng)transfor

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