2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-天津師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)19

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-天津師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thereisconcernthatpoliceusethelawto（

）assetsfrompeoplewhohavecommittedminoroffences.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confiscate

B.offset

C.submit

D.intensify

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。confiscate意為“沒(méi)收”；offset意為“抵消”；submit意為“順從”；intensity意為“加強(qiáng)，增強(qiáng)”。

句意：有人擔(dān)心警察利用法律從輕微犯罪分子那里沒(méi)收財(cái)產(chǎn)。

2.單選題

To（

）istosaveandprotect,toleavewhatweourselvesenjoyinsuchgoodconditionthatothersmayalsosharetheenjoyment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conserve

B.conceive

C.convert

D.contrive

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。conserve意為“保護(hù)，保藏，保存”；conceive意為“想象，設(shè)想”；convert意為“（使）轉(zhuǎn)變”；contrive意為“設(shè)計(jì)，發(fā)明”。句意：保存就是節(jié)約與保護(hù)，把我們現(xiàn)在享有的好的條件留給其他人來(lái)共享。

3.單選題

Igotseverallengthyphonecallsfrom（

）employerswhowereveryinterestedinme.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prospective

B.rewarding

C.generous

D.monotonous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。prospective意為“預(yù)期的”；rewarding意為“值得的”；generous意為“慷慨的，大方的”；monotonous意為“單調(diào)乏味的”。

句意：我接到幾個(gè)來(lái)自乏味雇主的冗長(zhǎng)的電話，他們對(duì)我很感興趣。

4.翻譯題

Astudysuggeststhelong-termsurvivalbenefitsofshoppingarebetterthangoingtothegym,becauseseeingfriendsandjustpeople-watchingcanstaveofflonelinessandimprovepsychologicalhealth.

Theresearchersfoundthosewhoshoppeddailylivedlongerthanthosewhoshoppedlessfrequently,evenaftertakingaccountsofpeople’sphysicalorotherhealthproblems.Inshoppingvenues,socializingwith,orwatchingotherscanprovidesocialandmentalbenefits.Comparedwithothertypesofleisure-timephysicalactivity,likeformalexercise,whichusuallyrequiresmotivationandsometimesprofessionalinstruction,shoppingiseasiertoundertakeandmaintain.

【答案】一項(xiàng)研究表明，購(gòu)物比健身更有利于長(zhǎng)壽，因?yàn)橐?jiàn)見(jiàn)朋友和僅僅看看路人就可以避免孤獨(dú)和改善心理健康。

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些每天購(gòu)物的人比那些不經(jīng)常購(gòu)物的人活得更長(zhǎng)，即使在考慮了人們的身體或其他健康問(wèn)題之后也是如此。在購(gòu)物場(chǎng)所，與他人交流或看看他人可以豐富社交，帶來(lái)精神上的好處。與其他類(lèi)型的休閑體育活動(dòng)相比，比如正式的鍛煉，這通常需要?jiǎng)恿Γ袝r(shí)還需要專(zhuān)業(yè)指導(dǎo)，購(gòu)物更容易進(jìn)行和堅(jiān)持下去。

5.單選題

Cripplinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedaily.

Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.Countrieswithappropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealthoutcomesandcost.TheU.S.takestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.

ArecentstudyanalyzedtheproviderswhotreatMedicarebeneficiaries.ThestartlingfindingwasthattheaverageMedicarepatientsawatotalofsevendoctors---twoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialists---inagivenyear.Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.

Howdidweletprimarycareslipsofar?Thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.Mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.Themoreaphysiciandoes.Regardlessofqualityoroutcome,thebetterhe’sreimbursed.Moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.Aspecialistswhoperformsaprocedureina30-minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatient’sdisease.Combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstoindiscriminatelycutreimbursements，physiciansarefaceswithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.

Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.

Medicalstudentsarenotblindtothisscenario.Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.Therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedU.Smedicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.Thistrendresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelmedwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.

Howdowefixthisproblem?

Itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimallymanagingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.

We’reatapointwhereprimarycareisneededmorethanever.Withinafewyears,thefirstwaveofthe76millionBabyBoomerswillbecomeeligibleforMedicare.Patientsolderthan85,whoneedchroniccaremost,willriseby50%thisdecade.

Whowillbetheretotreatthem?

1.Theauthor’schiefconcernaboutthecurrentU.Shealthcaresystemis（

）.

2.Welearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelievethat（

）.

3.Facedwiththegovernmentthreatstocutreimbursementsindiscriminatelyprimarycarephysicianshaveto

（

）.

4.Whydomanynewmedicalgraduatesrefusetochooseprimarycareastheircareer?

5.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthcare?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theinadequatetrainingofphysicians

B.thedecliningnumberofdoctors

C.theshrinkingprimarycareresources

D.theever-risinghealthcarecosts

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivethecure

B.seeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticerrors

C.visitingdoctorsonaregularbasisensuresgoodhealth

D.themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.increasetheirincomebyworkingovertime

B.improvetheirexpertiseandservice

C.makevariousdealswithspecialists

D.seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfindtheneedforprimarycaredeclining.

B.Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare.

C.Primarycarephysicianscommandlessrespect.

D.Theythinkworkinginemergencyroomstedious.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians.

B.Extendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicdiseases.

C.Recruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingthemloans.

D.Reducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirmajor.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。通讀全文，可知作者提出了美國(guó)目前初級(jí)護(hù)理醫(yī)師比例的嚴(yán)重失衡，造成這一現(xiàn)象的主要原因是薪酬，以及解決的方法，因此C選項(xiàng)“初級(jí)保健資源萎縮”符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.（與人們普遍的看法相反，醫(yī)生照顧你的次數(shù)越多，就不能保證更好的護(hù)理）可知人們通常認(rèn)為醫(yī)生照顧病人越多，就越好。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段和第五段中physiciansarefaceswithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices（醫(yī)生們別無(wú)選擇，只能增加數(shù)量以增加收入。拒絕妥協(xié)質(zhì)量的初級(jí)保健醫(yī)師要么被逐出行業(yè)，要么從事與一些現(xiàn)金相關(guān)的行業(yè)）可知D選項(xiàng)“以犧牲質(zhì)量為代價(jià)看更多的病人”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第六段Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.（他們看到了費(fèi)用返還體制是如何嚴(yán)重地弄虛作假，不利于初級(jí)護(hù)理）可知B選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)行制度是針對(duì)初級(jí)護(hù)理”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章倒數(shù)第三段提出了解決初級(jí)護(hù)理的一些措施，包括：改革醫(yī)生返還費(fèi)用制度；減輕初級(jí)保健醫(yī)生壓力；免除選擇初級(jí)護(hù)理作為職業(yè)的學(xué)生貸款；縮小專(zhuān)科醫(yī)師與初級(jí)護(hù)理醫(yī)師薪水的差異。因此A選項(xiàng)“縮小專(zhuān)家和初級(jí)保健醫(yī)生之間的工資差距”符合題意。

6.單選題

ChristianscalmJesuswasareal（

）character,butsometodayhavetheirdoubts.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.historical

B.historic

C.history

D.historian

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。historical意為“歷史的，歷史上的”，指的是和歷史有關(guān)的或是歷史上出現(xiàn)過(guò)的人或事；historic意為“有歷史影響的”，指重要的歷史事件；history意為“歷史，歷史學(xué)”；historian意為“歷史學(xué)家”。

句意：基督徒聲稱(chēng)耶穌是歷史上一個(gè)真實(shí)的人物，但今天有些人對(duì)此表示懷疑。

7.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

TheUnitedKingdomhasanextraordinarilyrichanddiverseartisticheritage,withBritishpoets,playwrights,musicians,sculptors,paintersandfilmmakersenjoyedandadmiredallovertheworld.

TheUnitedKingdom’scontributionstothevisualartsareimmenseandthentherearemanytracestobefoundaroundthecountry,fromstrikingarchitecturetopaintings,ceramicsandsculptureswhichcanbeeasilyfoundinourmanyartgalleriesandmuseums.

Theperformingartsarethrivingaswell.Music,theatre,filmmaking,danceandoperaareallperformedenthusiasticallyintheatres,concerthallsandstudiosalloverthecountryeverynightoftheyear.

Therichnessofourculturallifeislargelydowntoourdiversehistory,formanyhundredsofyearsdifferentracesandcultureshavehadaninfluenceontheUnitedKingdomandhaveconsequentlyplayedaroleincreatingthesocietyweliveintoday.

【答案】英國(guó)有著及其豐富多樣的藝術(shù)遺產(chǎn)，受人喜愛(ài)和尊敬英國(guó)詩(shī)人、劇作家、音樂(lè)家、雕塑家、畫(huà)家和電影制作人遍布世界各地。

英國(guó)對(duì)視覺(jué)藝術(shù)的貢獻(xiàn)是巨大的，在全國(guó)各地有許多蹤跡可尋，從引人注目的建筑到繪畫(huà)、陶瓷和雕塑，在我們的許多美術(shù)館和博物館都很容易找到。

表演藝術(shù)也蓬勃發(fā)展。音樂(lè)、戲劇、電影制作、舞蹈和歌劇每晚都在全國(guó)各地的劇院、音樂(lè)廳和攝影棚中激情地演出。

我們文化生活的豐富性在很大程度上取決于我們多元的歷史。數(shù)百年來(lái)，不同的種族和文化對(duì)英國(guó)產(chǎn)生了影響，并因此在創(chuàng)造我們今天生活的社會(huì)中發(fā)揮了作用。

8.單選題

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirrorortheglassintheroofofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun'sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert'sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3°Cwarmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarming-uptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth'schieffoodgrowingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming,inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhavegonebeyondthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand"cold"spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror"colder"facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth'satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsochangeableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingsharedrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolarweatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth'sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulopposedbalancetothesun'sfadingheat.

1.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould（

）.

2.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain（

）.

3.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis（

）.

4.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsbelievetheopinionthat（

）.

5.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’ssurface

B.meanawarming-upintheArctic

C.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere

D.raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurface.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.thesolareffectsontheearth

C.themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions

D.thecausesaffectingweather

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising

B.possiblebecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting

C.exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate

D.partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler

B.itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth’sclimatetotakeeffect

C.theman-madewarningeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects

D.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels.

B.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere.

C.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheastrospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly.

D.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearth.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。文章第一段的內(nèi)容為：在大氣中，二氧化碳的作用就像一面單面鏡子或溫室屋頂上的玻璃，它允許陽(yáng)光進(jìn)入，但阻止熱量溢出。因此選D，在大氣中二氧化碳的濃度將提高地球表面的溫度。

第2題:主旨大意題。文章第一段至第四段主要講了二氧化碳對(duì)全球氣候的影響，最后兩段主要講了太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)對(duì)全球氣候變暖的影響，因此選D，本文主要解釋影響天氣的原因。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章第五段中However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling...Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?和第六段中第一句Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun（一種可能是太陽(yáng)的變化行為）可知選D，部分的原因是太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的變化。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.（問(wèn)題是，這些模型預(yù)測(cè)，世界應(yīng)該進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的冰河時(shí)代，但事實(shí)并非如此）可知A選項(xiàng)“世界氣候應(yīng)該變得更冷”符合題意。

第5題:推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulopposedbalancetothesun'sfadingheat.（如果這是正確的，那么二氧化碳的溫室效應(yīng)可以抵消太陽(yáng)熱量的減少）可知選B，如果關(guān)于新冰河延期的假設(shè)是正確的，那么冰很快就會(huì)覆蓋北半球。

9.單選題

Thedoctorsdon’t（

）thatthepatientwilllivemuchlonger.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.entail

B.manifest

C.articulate

D.anticipate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。entail意為“牽涉，需要”；manifest意為“顯示，表明”；articulate意為“口齒清楚，清晰發(fā)(音)”；anticipate意為“預(yù)料，預(yù)期”。

句意：醫(yī)生們預(yù)計(jì)病人活不了多久了。

10.單選題

Engineeringoffersmenandwomenan（

）opportunitytoexperiencethejoyofimprovingthequalityoflifeforhumankindthroughdevelopmentofengineeringsolutionstosocietalproblems.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.absolute

B.unparalleled

C.elaborate

D.obsessive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。absolute意為“絕對(duì)的，完全的”；unparalleled意為“無(wú)比的，空前的”；elaborate意為“復(fù)雜的，詳盡的”；obsessive意為“著迷的”。

句意：工程學(xué)為男性和女性提供一個(gè)前所未有的機(jī)會(huì)，通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)解決社會(huì)問(wèn)題的工程解決方案來(lái)讓他們體驗(yàn)改善人類(lèi)生活質(zhì)量的樂(lè)趣。

11.單選題

Indeed,whenyourealizethatyouare（

）ofthisentirenaturalnetwork,itwillmakeyouappreciateyourtimehereonEarthallthemore.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.partandparcel

B.hustleandbustle

C.breadandbutter

D.fleshandblood

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。partandparcel意為“重要的部分”；hustleandbustle意為“熙熙攘攘”；breadandbutter意為“生計(jì)”；fleshandblood意為“血肉之軀”。

句意：事實(shí)上，當(dāng)你意識(shí)到你是整個(gè)自然網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一部分時(shí)，會(huì)讓你更重視你在地球上的時(shí)間。

12.單選題

Aseducationalsystembecomeuniversal,moreandmorepeoplewereexposedtoabstractlearningratherthantothepractical（

）ofspecificskills.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transportation

B.transaction

C.transmission

D.translation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。transportation意為“運(yùn)送，運(yùn)輸”；transaction意為“交易，業(yè)務(wù)”；transmission意為“傳播，傳遞”；translation意為“翻譯”。

句意：隨著教育體系的普及，越來(lái)越多的人接觸到抽象的學(xué)習(xí)，而不是具體技能的實(shí)際傳授。

13.單選題

Hewrotethebookin（

）withhiswife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.proportion

B.installment

C.correspondence

D.collaboration

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。proportion意為“比例，份額”；installment意為“裝置，分期付款”；correspondence意為“一致，符合”；collaboration意為“合作，協(xié)作”。

句意：他和他的妻子合作寫(xiě)了這本書(shū)。

14.單選題

Thetranslatormusthaveanexcellent,up-to-dateknowledgeofhissourcelanguages,fullfacilityinthehandlingofhistargetlanguage,whichwillbehismothertongueorlanguageofhabitual（1）andaknowledgeandunderstandingofthelatestsubject-matterinhisfieldofspecialization.

Thisis,asitwere,hisprofessionalequipment,（2）this,itisdesirablethatheshouldhaveaninquiringmind,wideinterests,agoodmemoryandtheabilitytograspquicklythebasicprinciplesofnewdevelopments.Heshouldbewillingtowork（3）hisown,oftenathighspeeds,butshouldbehumbleenoughtoconsultother（4）hisownknowledgenotalwaysproveadequatetothetaskinhand.Heshouldbeabletotypefairlyquicklyandaccuratelyand,ifheisworkingmainlyforpublication,shouldhavemorethananodding（5）withprintingtechniquesandproof-reading.Ifheisworkingbasicallyasaninformationtranslator,letussay,foranindustrialfirm,heshouldhavetheflexibilityofmindtoenablehimto（6）rapidlyfromonesourcelanguagetoanother,aswellasfromonesubject-mattertoanother,sincethisabilityisfrequently（7）ofhiminsuchwork.

Bearinginmindthenatureofthetranslator’swork,i.e,theprocessingofthewrittenword,itis,strictlyspeaking（8）thatheshouldbeabletospeakthelanguageheisdealingwith.Ifhedoesspeakthem,itisanadvantage（9）ahindrance,butthisskillisinmanywaysaluxurythathecan（10）with.Itis,however,desirablethatheshouldhaveanapproximateideaaboutthepronunciationofhissourcelanguagesevenifthisisrestrictedtoknowinghowpropernamesandplacenamesarepronounced.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.application

B.use

C.utility

D.usage

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Morethan

B.Exceptfor

C.Becauseof

D.Inadditionto

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.by

C.for

D.on

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.should

B.when

C.because

D.if

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.familiarity

B.acquaintance

C.knowledge

D.skill

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.change

B.transform

C.turn

D.switch

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.lacked

B.required

C.faced

D.confronted

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.essential

B.unnecessary

C.advantageous

D.useless

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.over

B.despite

C.ratherthan

D.instead

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.deal

B.concern

C.work

D.doaway

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:D

【解析】第1題:考查名詞辨析。application意為“應(yīng)用，運(yùn)用”，指理論知識(shí)的運(yùn)用；use意為“使用”，指工具等的使用；utility意為“效用，有用”，指有效地使用某物使其發(fā)揮效用；usage意為“使用”，指具體的用法。languageofhabitualuse表示“習(xí)慣性使用語(yǔ)言”，指語(yǔ)言的適用。

第2題:考查上下文語(yǔ)義。此處表示翻譯人員除了應(yīng)具備前面所說(shuō)的基本知識(shí)外，還應(yīng)有好學(xué)的品質(zhì)。morethan意為“不只是”；exceptfor意為“除……之外”；becauseof意為“因?yàn)椋捎凇?；inadditionto意為“另外，除……之外（還）”。

第3題:考查固定搭配。onone’sown意為“靠自己”。

第4題:考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。此處是if對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬，從句中省略了if，采用部分倒裝。

第5題:考查固定搭配。anoddingacquaintance意為“點(diǎn)頭之交”。

第6題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。changefrom...to意為“從……變成”；transform意為“改變，改觀”；turn意為“轉(zhuǎn)變”；switch意為“轉(zhuǎn)換，交換”。此處表示從一種語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)換到另一種語(yǔ)言。

第7題:考查固定搭配。belackedof意為“缺乏”；requiresth.ofsb.意為“對(duì)某人有某物的要求”；befacedwith意為“面臨”；beconfrontedwith意為“面對(duì)，面臨”。

第8題:考查上下文語(yǔ)義，由前面的thenatureofthetranslator’swork,theprocessingofthewritten,itis（譯者工作的性質(zhì)即文字的處理）和后面的beabletospeakthelanguageheisdealingwith（能夠說(shuō)他正在處理的語(yǔ)言）可知嚴(yán)格來(lái)說(shuō)他不必會(huì)講他說(shuō)處理的語(yǔ)言。

第9題:考查連詞。此處表示是優(yōu)勢(shì)而不是障礙，ratherthan意為“而不是”，instead需要與of一起連用，才能表示“而不是”。

第10題:考查固定搭配。dealwith意為“處理”；concern不與with連用；workwith意為“工作”；doawaywith意為“廢除，消滅”。

15.單選題

（

）tellermachineshavereducedtheneedforbankvisitstoobtaincashandcarryout

transactions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Correlated

B.Automated

C.Incorporated

D.Prototyped

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。correlated意為“相互關(guān)系的”；automated意為“自動(dòng)化的”；incorporated意為“組成公司的”；prototyped意為“原型的”。

句意：自動(dòng)取款機(jī)減少了去銀行提取現(xiàn)金和進(jìn)行交易的需要。

16.單選題

Thehelicopter（

）alightplaneandbothpilotswerekilled.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.coincidedwith

B.stumbledon

C.tumbledto

D.collidedwith

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。coincidewith意為“與……一致”；stumbleon意為“無(wú)意中發(fā)現(xiàn)”；tumbleto意為“跌到”；collidewith意為“與……相撞”。句意：直升機(jī)與一架輕型飛機(jī)相撞，兩名飛行員都遇難了。

17.單選題

It（

）toseesomanychildreninthatmountainousareacannotevenaffordelementaryeducation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.painsher

B.makesherpain

C.ispaining

D.ispained

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。itpainssb.tosee意為“看到……使某人心痛”。句意：看到很多山區(qū)的孩子無(wú)法接受基礎(chǔ)教育使她心痛。

18.單選題

Notonly（

）todeterminethedepthoftheoceanfloor,butitisalsousedtolocateoil.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.touseseismology

B.isseismologyused

C.tohavestarted

D.usingseismology

【答案】B

【解析】考查部分倒裝。notonly位于句首時(shí)，句子要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，即將系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前，放在主語(yǔ)前。

句意：地震學(xué)不僅用來(lái)確定海底的深度，而且還被用來(lái)定位石油。

19.單選題

Mathsandsciencecertainlyunderpinmanyinnovations.Indeed,theyarethebasisformuchofmodernsociety,fromthegadgetspeopleusetothewaysinwhichpeopleinteractwithoneanotherandthewayinwhichtheythink.Socloseistherelationshipthatpoliticiansseekingtopersuadevotersthattheyarepromotingeconomicgrowthuse"science"and"innovation"almostinterchangeably.Butlaudableasitisinitsownright,doespromotingmathsandsciencerepresentthebestwaytostimulatefutureinnovation?

ChrisBudd,anappliedmathematicianatBathUniversityinBritain,pointstothemathematicalfoundationsofthecommercialworld:theinternet,computers,mobilephones,modernmedicineandeventransportsystems.Theseemploybranchesofmathematicsthatwereconsideredobscureuntilrecentlybuthavefoundapplicationsinareassuchasbuildingsearchengines,heargues.Itisdifficulttopredictwhichnewscientificadvancewillgenerateneweconomicactivitybutscienceneverthelessboostsproductivity.Andasgovernmentshavesoughttopromotebusiness,theyhaveencourageduniversitiestoestablishspin-offcompaniesandtobuildpartnershipswithotherfledglingorganizationsseekingtodevelopnewproductsandnewprocesses,whichhashelpedtogeneratewealth.

Thatmayallbetrue,butitisnotsufficient,saysChrisTrimble,whoco-wrote"TheOtherSideofInnovation:SolvingtheExecutionChallenge"withVijayGovindarajan,bothofwhomconductresearchintoinnovationatTuckSchoolofBusinessatDartmouthCollegeinAmerica.Ofcoursemathsandsciencecanstimulatefutureinnovation,butpromotingthesedisciplinesisnotnecessarilythebestwayofbringingaboutchange.Hecitestargetedincentives,publicandprivatespendingand—mostimportantly,inhisview—bettermanagementasmorepowerfulalternatives.Itismanagementeducationnottechnicaleducationthatislacking,heargues.Thereisasurfeitofbrightideasbutnotenoughwherewithaltoimplementthem.

Yettheabilitytocreatewealthnotonlydependsonusingtoolsthatwerescientificallydesigned;italsorequirespeopletothinkbothcreativelyandincold,calculatingways.TomisquoteThomasEdison,innovationis1%inspirationand99%perspiration.Timethen,mentally,torollupyoursleeves.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wemayknowthatmanyinnovations（

）.

2.Theworld“l(fā)audable”inPara.1probablymeant

（

）.

3.“It”inPara.1(thelastsentence)mayreferto

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaboutChrisBudd?

5.ToChrisTrimble,educationofmathsandscience（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.areengenderedbymathsandscience

B.bringconvenientlifetomodernpeople

C.countmostforpoliticianstogainvotes

D.leaddirectlytoworldeconomicgrowth

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.understandable

B.praiseworthy

C.believable

D.feasible

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.modernsociety

B.promotionofeconomy

C.scienceandinnovation

D.importanceofmathsandscience

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.HeworksinaBritishuniversityasanappliedmathematician.

B.Hefirmlybelievesthatmathematicswillgenerateneweconomicactivity.

C.Hemaythinkthatitislogicaltoexpectinnovationstocomeoutofuniversities.

D.Hearguesforthepromotionofmathsandsciencetofosterfutureinnovations.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.provessufficienttostimulatefutureinnovation

B.meanslittlecomparedwithtargetedincentives

C.islessimportantthanmanagementeducation

D.servesastheunderpinningofeconomicproductivity

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中Mathsandsciencecertainlyunderpinmanyinnovations.Indeed,theyarethebasisformuchofmodernsociety,fromthegadgetspeopleusetothewaysinwhichpeopleinteractwithoneanotherandthewayinwhichtheythink.（數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)無(wú)疑是許多創(chuàng)新的基礎(chǔ)。事實(shí)上，它們是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的基礎(chǔ)，從人們使用的小工具到人們相互交流和思考的方式）可知A選項(xiàng)“由數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)產(chǎn)生”符合題意。

第2題:詞義題。understandable意為“能懂的，可理解的”；praiseworthy意為“值得稱(chēng)贊的，值得表?yè)P(yáng)的”；believable意為“可信的”；feasible意為“可行的”。由Butlaudableasitisinitsownright（數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)對(duì)于創(chuàng)新很重要，盡管這值得稱(chēng)贊）可知選B。

第3題:詞義題。文章第一段開(kāi)篇就提出數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)支撐著很多創(chuàng)新，它們是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的基礎(chǔ)，因此可以推測(cè)主要是講述數(shù)學(xué)與科學(xué)的重要性，故選D。

第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵此詞ChrisBudd定位至文章第二段，由Itisdifficulttopredictwhichnewscientificadvancewillgenerateneweconomicactivitybutscienceneverthelessboostsproductivity.（很難預(yù)測(cè)哪一項(xiàng)新的科學(xué)進(jìn)步會(huì)產(chǎn)生新的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)，但科學(xué)卻能提高生產(chǎn)力）可知B選項(xiàng)“他堅(jiān)信數(shù)學(xué)將產(chǎn)生新的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)”表述過(guò)于絕對(duì)，不符合原句表達(dá)的含義。

第5題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ChrisTrimble定位至文章第三段，由Ofcoursemathsandsciencecanstimulatefutureinnovation,butpromotingthesedisciplinesisnotnecessarilythebestwayofbringingaboutchange.Hecitestargetedincentives,publicandprivatespendingand—mostimportantly,inhisview—bettermanagementasmorepowerfulalternatives.Itismanagementeducationnottechnicaleducationthatislacking,heargues.（當(dāng)然，數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)可以刺激未來(lái)的創(chuàng)新，但推廣這些學(xué)科并不一定是帶來(lái)變革的最佳方式。他列舉了有針對(duì)性的公共和私人激勵(lì)措施。在他看來(lái)，支出——最重要的是——更好的管理是更有力的替代方案。他認(rèn)為，缺乏的是管理教育，而不是技術(shù)教育）可知選C。

20.單選題

TheIndustrialRevolutionbegansometimeintheeighteenthcentury.Itbrought（1）greaterchangesintechnologythantherehadbeeninallthe（2）historyofmankind.Bythemid-1800stherevolutionhadrunits（3）,andadvancedcountriesbegantoenjoysuch（4）asrailways,steamships,electricityandavarietyofsteam-driven（5）thatincreasedproductiontremendouslyandmadetheindustrialcountriesricherandmorepowerful.Technology,alsoenriched,was（6）refinedtoproducethetelephone,wirelesstelegraphy,theautomobileandtheairplane.Improvements（7）massproductionsoonmadethesenewthings（8）toordinarypeople,andbythe1930snewentertainmentindustries,（9）theradioandsoundmotionpictures,（10）theageofmassconsumption.

Allofthistookabout200years,（11）inthelaterstagesthepaceofdevelopment（12）.IftheFirstWorldWar（13）upthepaceofindustrialdevelopmentdramatically,thesecondglobal（14）wasthecatalyst（催化劑）forareal（15）oftechnology.It（16）tousthe（17）blessingsofnuclearenergyandweapons,spacetravelandinter-continentalballisticmissiles（彈道導(dǎo)弾）,automationandpetro-chemicals.Someinventionschangedthefaceofindustry,whileothersbeganto（18）thecharacterofsocietyandfamilylife.In（19）,theprocessoftechnologymadelifemoreproductive,saferandmoreagreeable;butalsomore（20）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.up

B.forward

C.out

D.about

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.processing

B.proceeding

C.preceding

D.presenting

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.course

B.way

C.route

D.road

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.discoveries

B.novelties

C.equipment

D.techniques

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.devices

B.facilities

C.appliances

D.machinery

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.quite

B.already

C.rather

D.further

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.for

C.of

D.with

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.accessible

B.available

C.adaptable

D.additional

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.excluding

B.concluding

C.including

D.comprising

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.enlivened

B.enriched

C.enhanced

D.enlightened

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.otherwise

B.therefore

C.but

D.moreover

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.slowed

B.enlarged

C.accelerated

D.stepped

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.made

B.stepped

C.picked

D.turned

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.conflict

B.confusion

C.conquest

D.conduct

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.destruction

B.deterioration

C.devotion

D.explosion

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.provid