人教版高中英語選修7Unit2知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解

Part1.WarmingupDoyouthinkitispossibleforarobottohaveitsownneedsanddesires?你機(jī)器人有可能有自己的需求和夢想？desiresth.希望獲取某物desiretodosth.希望/希望做某事desirethatsb.(should)do要求??haveadesireforsth./todosth.希望獲取某物/希望做某事atone’sdesire照某人的希望[典例]1)Wealldesirehappinessandhealth.我都希望幸福健康。2)Everyonehasadesireforsuccess,butnoeveryonedesiretogetrich.每個(gè)人都希望成功，但其實(shí)不是人人都希望金。3)Hedesiresyoutogotoseehimatonce.他要求你上去他。=hedesiresthatyoushouldgotoseehimatonce.[]英他想遇到大學(xué)教育。____________________________________________________________________________他要我快點(diǎn)回來。___________________________________________________________________________我他馬上回信。_____________________________________________________________________________她要你馬上她。_______________________________________________________________________她邀演奏了一曲。Keys:1)Hedesiredacollegeeducation.2)Theydesiremetoreturnsoon.3)Idesireanimmediateanswerofhis.4)Shedesiresthatyou(should)seeheratonce.5)Sheplayedapieceatothers’desire/bydesire.【】①Theoldman________hissonsanddaughters________andseehimfromtimetotime.A．suggested；tocomeB．hoped；tocomeC．desired；comingD．desired；tocome【解析】desiresb.todosth.意為“希望某人做某事”。句意為：這個(gè)老人希望他的兒子和女兒時(shí)時(shí)時(shí)地來看看他。suggest和hope后不可以跟sb.todosth.，故A、B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤?！敬鸢浮緿Heinsistedthathe________nothingwrongandstronglydesiredhe________free.A．did；setB．haddone；shouldbesetC．shoulddo；besetD．haddone；mustbeset【解析】當(dāng)insist意為“堅(jiān)持說”時(shí)，今后的賓語從句不用虛假語氣。第二空desire后隨從句要用虛假語氣即謂語動(dòng)詞用(should)do形式。【答案】BPart2.Pre-reading,readingandcomprehending1.satisfactionn.滿意[重點(diǎn)用法]satisfactoryn.滿意的,satisfyv.知足,使?jié)M意,demandsatisfaction要求補(bǔ)償;feelsatisfactionat...對(duì)感覺滿意findsatisfactionin對(duì)...感覺滿意tosb.'ssatisfaction(tothesatisfactionofsb.)達(dá)到使某人滿意的程度withsatisfaction滿意地[典例]1)Atlast,thewholeclassfoundsatisfactionintheirwork.最后,全班都對(duì)他們的工作感覺滿意。2)Whathepromisedcouldnotsatisfyhisfamily.他的承諾并未能使他的家人滿意。[練習(xí)]漢譯英買到想要的東西，她滿意地走開了商場。__________________________________________________________________________他的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果憂如令人滿意。___________________________________________________________________________些條件中你最少要符合一，否就不可以成本俱部的會(huì)。____________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)Havingboughtwhatshewanted,sheleftthesupermarketwithsatisfaction.2)Theresultofhistestseemedtobesatisfactory.3)Ifyoudon’tsatisfyatleastoneoftheconditions,youcan’tbecomeamemberofourclub.2.ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry’swife,Claire.testout考；[典例]1)Thismodelhadbeentestedoutbeforeitwasputintoproduction.個(gè)型號(hào)后才行大批量生。2)Beforethelecture,theprofessorisusedtotestingoutthewholeexperiment.上前，個(gè)教授先將整個(gè)一番。[短]testonsb./sth.在??(身上)做/have/takeatestin參加??考[]英不計(jì)其數(shù)的人將參加周日的公考。____________________________________________________________________________那個(gè)咨先將新的政策在他自己的企業(yè)里行。____________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)TensofthousandsofpeoplewilltakeanentrancetestforgovernmentofficersthisSunday.2)Theconsultantwouldtestthenewpolicyonhisowncompanyfirst.Clairedidn’twanttherobotinherhouse,especiallyasherhusbandwouldbeabsentforthreeweeks,butLarrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn’tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.克萊其實(shí)不想把機(jī)器人留在家里，特是在她丈夫離加三周的個(gè)期。但是，克萊被拉里服了。他，機(jī)器人不會(huì)害她，也不會(huì)人來害她。persuadevt.1).服,服(+o/outofdoingsth.)/(+sb.todosth.)Shepersuadedmeintobuyingit.她服我下了它。Thesalesmanpersuadedustobuyhisproduct.那個(gè)推服了我他的品。2).使某人相信(+of)/(+that)HowcanIpersuadeyouofmysincerity?我怎才能使你相信我的意呢?Weworkedhardtopersuadethemthatweweregenuinelyinterestedintheproject.我想盡法以使他相信我確一劃感趣。tobeharmed：不定式的被。[典例]1)AllthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoastobereceivedintimeforChristmas.全部的些禮品必及寄，以便在圣及收到。2)ItremainstobeseenwhetherJim’llbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.吉姆最后能否合適演出仍將刮目相待。[]英小姆假裝被射中了哭喊著要糖吃。2)此得一日三次，后服用。_______________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)LittleTompretendedtobeshotandcriedforacandy.2)Themedicineisrequiredtobetakenthreetimesadayaftermeals.4.However,whenshefirstsawtherobot,shefeltalarmed.alarmn.警vt.使```慌張[重點(diǎn)用法]raise/soundthealarm出警；警take(the)alarmat...感覺驚訝;因...而慌張bealarmedat/by...被...嚇一跳bealarmedtodo...做??感覺慌張[典例]1)Weweremuchalarmedbythefireintheforest.森林失火使我大慌張。2)Assoonashesawthesmoke,hesoundedthealarm.看火災(zāi)爆，他響了警。[]英1)看到孩子在返校受到的信息，家感覺很害怕。____________________________________________________________________2）看到大火，社區(qū)的居民出警。_______________________________________________________________________Keys:1)Theparentstookthealarmatthenewsthattheirchildrencaughtatrafficaccidencewhenretuningtheschool.2)Theresidentsinthecommunityraisedthealarmwhenseeingthegreatfire.5.Itisdisturbingandfrighteningthathelookedsohuman.機(jī)器人這樣通人性，這使她感覺心煩和害怕。It是形式主，that引的句子是個(gè)句子的主，that從句叫主從句。It放在句首，真實(shí)的主放在后邊，是英的一種常構(gòu)。ItwasclearthatClairehadfalleninlovewithTony.很然，克萊已上了托尼。有that從句的先行的構(gòu)有一下幾種不同樣的搭配關(guān)系：It+be+adj+that-clause.ItiscertainthatWilliamwilldowellinhisexam.威廉必然會(huì)考的很好。It+be+n.(ornounphrase)+that-clause.Itisagreatsatisfactionthatsheiswellagainandcangotoheroffice.她身體答復(fù)了，可以去上班，真人高It+be+-edparticiple+that–clause.ItissaidthatIssacwillaccompanyhisparentstovisitEurope.依據(jù)艾克將陪父親母親去歐洲。It+seems/happens?+that–clause.Itseemsthattheyareinurgentneedforhelp.憂如他在急需幫助。6.Clairethoughtitwasridiculoustobeofferedsympathybyarobot.克萊爾感覺，機(jī)器人向她表示同情，這有點(diǎn)荒唐可笑。sympathyn.同情[重點(diǎn)用法]feel/havesympathyfor同情某人insympathywith同情;成;和...一致outofsympathywith...不同樣情;不行;...沒有同感,和...不一致winsympathyof博得...的同情[典例]1)Hegavethepoorchildsomemoneyoutofsympathy.出于同情，他了個(gè)孩子一點(diǎn)。2)Heisinsympathywiththeirbeliefs.他與他的信奉一致.[]英聽完個(gè)故事，他她當(dāng)前的情況深感同情。_________________________________________________________________________通描繪他悲慘的童年，他得路人的同情。___________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)Afterhearingthestory,hefeltsympathyforherpresentsituation.2)Hewonthesympathyofpassers-bybydescribinghismiserablechildhood.7.Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops,hewroteoutalistofitemsforher.accompanyvt.陪同[重點(diǎn)用法]accompanysb.toaplace陪同某人去某地accompanysth.with/bysth.與?同存在incompanywithsb/sth與??一同[典例]1)Heaccompaniedhisoldfathertothehospitaltoseewhat’swrongwithhisstomach.他陪他的老父去醫(yī)院看胃部出了什么。2)Thundersaccompaniedbyheavyraininthisseasonareverycommon.個(gè)季，雷常常伴有大雨。[]英出了被六個(gè)強(qiáng)壯的保隨著。_______________________________________________________________________回到家，他的老同學(xué)陪著他參了個(gè)城市。_________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)Thepresidentappearedandwasaccompaniedbysixstrongbodyguards.2)Whenretuninghometown,hewasshownaroundthecityaccompaniedbyhisoldclassmates.8.Whentheclerkatthecounterwasrudetoher,sherangTonyupandtoldtheclerktospeaktohim.ringup

打??[短]ringback回ringoff掛斷;停止ringabell醒常是模糊的ringupthecurtain開始：開始一演出，一個(gè)事件或一次行[典例]1)Ihavetoringoffnowbecausemyfriendiswaitingforme.我朋友在等我，我得掛了。2)Onarrivingattheairport,heranguphismothertosayeverythingwasok.一抵達(dá)機(jī)，他就打他母安全。[]英今早他起床就有人他打了。____________________________________________________________________________到老板來，他趕掛斷假裝在工作。____________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)Themomenthegotupthismorning,ing,hehurriedtoringoffandpretendedtobeworking.

2)Seeinghisboss9.Assheturnedaround,therestoodGladysClaffern.turnaround

向[典例]1)Heheardavoicebutwhenheturnedaround,hesawnobody.

他聽到聲音，但身卻沒有人。Ashewalkedtowardsthehotel,hesuddenlyturnedaroundandfoundanoldladyfollowinghim.當(dāng)他朝旅走去，突然身一個(gè)老人隨著他。[短]turnaway把( )去把??打走turnagainst背叛,抗?fàn)巘urnon/off翻開/關(guān)掉turnup出/大(音量)turndown拒,小(音量)turnout果是;明是;turnsth.in上交turninto成turnto到，翻到；求助于turnover翻；思慮[]英那年的女士無法想象假如她的丈夫背叛她的會(huì)是怎么。____________________________________________________________________________然，但是女孩斷然地拒了人的幫助。_____________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)Theyoungladycannotimaginewhatifherhusbandturnsagainsther.2)Thoughpoor,thegirlturneddownothers’helpfirmly.【】Beingextremelyangry，theboy________andwentout，sayingnothing.A．turnedup

B．turnedin

C．turnedoff

D．turnedaround【解析】句意：由于特別生氣，那個(gè)男孩什么也沒就身出去了。turnaround

“向，回”，在里是“身”的意思。turnup“出，露面”；turnin“交”；turnoff“關(guān)掉”，都不符合意?！敬鸢浮緿Noneofusexpectedthechairmanto________attheparty.Wethoughthewasstillinhospital.A．turnin

B．turnup

C．turnover

D．turndown【解析】turnup意“出，抵達(dá)”；符合意。turnin意“交出”；turnover意“倒”，turndown意“關(guān)小，拒”。句意：我之中沒有人想到主席會(huì)出席晚會(huì)，我原來都以為他還在住院?！敬鸢浮緽Therestood...倒裝句(1)there，here，now，then等副詞放在句首時(shí)，句子要完好倒裝，主語是名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞常用come，go，be，lie，run等。Therestandsabridgeacrosstheriver.河上有座橋。(2)表示方向的副詞或介詞短語置于句首時(shí)，句子也要完好倒裝，句中的主語是名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞是come，go等表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。Awaywentthestudents.學(xué)生們走了。(3)在上述全部倒裝構(gòu)造中主語如為人稱代詞，則應(yīng)放在動(dòng)詞前面，主謂不倒裝。Awaytheywent.他們走了。[典例]Therecomestheteacherandherstudents.老師和她的學(xué)生們來了。Outrushedtheboys.男孩們沖了出去。[練習(xí)]漢譯英年青的母親抱著手里兩個(gè)月大的嬰兒跑開了。___________________________________________________________________________走進(jìn)來了生氣的老板和他的秘書。____________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)Awayranthemotherwithatwo-month-oldbabyinherarms.2)Incametheangrybossandhissecretary.【訓(xùn)練】Now________，goodluck.A．comesyourturnB．doesyourturncomeC．yourturncomesD．yourturndoescome【解析】此處表示時(shí)間的副詞now位于句首，與位移性動(dòng)詞come等連用且主語不是人稱代詞。惹起完好倒裝句式?！敬鸢浮緼②—Look！There________.—Oh，there________.A．comesthebus；comesitB．comesthebus；itcomesC．thebuscomes；itcomesD．thebuscomes；comesit【解析】表示方向的副there位于句首，與位移性come等用，且主不是人稱代。句子要用完好倒裝，Therecomesthebus意“來了”。但是全部倒裝中主是人稱代，放在前，即thereitcomes?！敬鸢浮緽10.Shecriedout“Tony”andthenheardhimdeclarethathedidn’twanttoleaveherthenextdayandthathefeltmorethanjustthedesiretopleaseher.她大喊一聲“托尼”,此后聽到托尼一本正地,次日他不想走開她,而且他其實(shí)不足于使她快樂。declarevt.宣布[重點(diǎn)用法]declaresth.宣布??declaresb./sth.(tobe)+n./adj.宣布????declarethatdeclarewaron/upon?宣declareagainst/for?聲明反/成[典例]1)Shedeclaredthatshedidn'twanttoseehimagain.她聲稱她不再肯到他。2)Soontheywilldeclarehimtheownerofthehouse.很快他就會(huì)宣布他房屋的主人。3)Thegovernmentpassedalawthatdeclareditillegaltocatchandsellthiskindofanimals.政府通法律宣布捕捉種物是非法的。[]英那個(gè)女明星近來聲稱要嫁一個(gè)富人然退后出舞臺(tái)。______________________________________________________________企業(yè)宣布老板的兒子依法成企業(yè)承人。________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)Thepopularactressdeclaredrecentlythatshewouldmarryarichgentlemanandretirefromthestage.2)Thecompanydeclaredthesonofthebosstobethesuccessorbylaw.morethan用于名前,“不行是;不”;morethan用在數(shù)前,“比??多;超”,相當(dāng)于over;morethan與形容和分用,表示“特別、十分”;more...than“與其??倒不如”。Katewasmorethanateacher.Shealsodidwhatshecouldtotakecareofherpupils.特不是位教,她盡其所能照她的學(xué)生。Ihaveknownhimformorethantwentyyears.我他已超二十年了。Theyweremorethanhappytoseeuscomebackfromtheexpedition.看到我征而,他異樣高。morethan和含有情的句子用,有否認(rèn)意,表示“是??以??”或“超了??所能”之。ThebeautyofthevillageismorethanIcandescribe.我以描繪那個(gè)山村的美。nomorethan意思是“,不,但是”。Allhiseducationaddeduptonomorethanoneyear.他接受的全部的學(xué)校教育只有一年。Theformcannotbesignedbyanyoneyourself.A.ratherthanB.otherthanC.morethanD.betterthan【命解析】考介短辨析。【答案與解析】B句意:除了你自己,任何人不可以填寫表格。ratherthan“而不是”;otherthan“除??之外;”morethan“不是;超”;betterthan“好于;”。11.ItwasthenthatClairerealizedthatTonyhadopenedthecurtainsofthefrontwindow.也就在候，克萊才意到托尼早就把前窗的窗簾拉開了?！军c(diǎn)津】句的用法：(1)Itwas/is＋被部分＋that...組成句的述句形式。(2)句的疑句形式。句一般疑句，直接將is/was置于句首。略的答：“Yes，itis/was.”或No“，itisn’t/wasn’t.”(3)句的特別疑句式是：特別疑＋is/was＋it＋that...。(4)“not...until”引的狀,要用“Itis/wasnotuntil...that...”構(gòu)，that后邊的句子要用必然式，且用述句序。①Itwasbecauseofbadweatherthatthefootballmatchmustbeputoff.因壞天氣，足球必被推。(的是原因狀)It_wasinthebeautifulparkthatwaslocatedbytheseathatwefirstmetournewChineseteacher.是在位于海的美公園我第一次遇我老。③—Was_it_you_thatIsawattheconcertlastnight?——我昨天夜晚在音會(huì)上看到的是你？—No，itwasn’t.——不是。④Whywasitthatthefootballmatchmustbeputoff?什么足球必被推？⑤ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.直到她摘下她的墨,我才出她是一位有名的影明星。12.Whatasweetvictorytobeenviedbythosewomen!envyvt.忌妒[重點(diǎn)用法]envysb.sth.忌妒/敬羨某人某物becometheenvyofsb.成令人忌妒/敬羨的事物beinenvyofone’ssuccess敬羨某人的成功outofenvy出于忌妒/敬羨[典例]1)Allherworkmatesenviedher(for)herpromotion.全部的同事都敬羨她的榮膺。2)Histalentformusicbecomestheenvyoftheothercompetitors.他在音方面的天賦其他人手感覺敬羨。[]英1)他的新房屋遇到居的敬羨。_________________________________________________________________________出于忌妒，他作了_______________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)Theirnewhousemadethemtheenvyoftheirneighbors.2)Hemadethefaultwitnessoutofenvy.11.Sheshouted“Leavemealone”andrantoherbed.leave?alone不打[短]leavebehind留下,留leaveaside(把某事)置一leavefor出前往leaveout省去,漏,不考[典例]1)Leavehimaloneandhewillproduce.打他，他會(huì)寫出來的。2)Hewasaskedtoleaveforanothercityin24hours.他被要求24小走開到另一個(gè)城市去。3)Theteacherrequiredustoleaveoutsomeunnecessarywordsinouressays.老我將文中不用要的省去。4)Youshouldn’thaveleftAndyaloneinthemountains;itwasverydangerous.你不將Andy留在山上，因那特別危。[]英老板捐錢逃跑了，只留下一空廠房。__________________________________________________________________________聽到警，警察下家人沖出去看生了什么事。_________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)Thebossescapedwithallhisfortuneandleftanemptyfactorybehind.2)Hearingthealarm,thepolicemanlefthisfamilybehindandrushedouttoseewhathappened.表示“把某物忘在某地”，用leavesth.sp.而不用forget。I'veleftmykeyintheoffice.我把匙忘在公室了。Part3.LearningaboutLanguageHefelthappywhenhisbossstatedthathecouldsetasidesometimeforexercise.setaside將??放在一;省或保存(,金)[短]setdown寫下,下setoff開始身(foraplace)setup立，成立，搭起setout出，著手做某事（todosth.）setaboutdoing著手做，開始做??setback把(表指)往回；使推；耽[典例]1)Wouldyoupleasesetasidesometimetolistentomyrealidea?你可以出點(diǎn)聽聽我的想法?2)Thedepartmentsetasidethethingstheyweredoingandconcentratedonamoreurgenttask.個(gè)部的成放下手的事情,傾盡全力一更急的任.[]英父放下點(diǎn)了一支煙。_________________________________________________________________________他努力工作省下他兒子上大學(xué)。_________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)Fathersetasidethenewspaperandlitacigarette.2)Heisworkinghardtosetasidesomemoneyforhissontogotocollege.【】Thecontinuousrainset________theharvestingofwheatbytwoweeks.A．offB．backC．downD．a(chǎn)bout【解析】setback意“推，延”；setoff意“身，出”；setdown意“寫下，下”；setabout意“開始，著手”?！敬鸢浮緽Part4.UsingLanguageWhosaidthatmakingarobotsomuchlikeamanwasboundtocausetrouble?beboundto必然做??[典例]1)Wemissedthebus.We'reboundtobelate.我了那趟，我必然要到了。2)She'sboundtobemayor.她注定會(huì)成市。[]英1）他那么用功，必然會(huì)成功的。___________________________________________________________________________2）新于人必然大合用。___________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)Withmuchhardwork,heisboundtosucceed.2)Thenewdiscoveryisboundtobeofgreatservicetomankind.2.Asimovbeganhavingstoriespublishedinsciencefictionmagazinesin1939.1939年，阿西莫夫開始在科幻雜志上宣布文章?！军c(diǎn)津】havesth.done中過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示被動(dòng)的含義，有時(shí)也可以用getsth.done來代替，該構(gòu)造的意思是“使某事被做”。有時(shí)可翻譯為“請(qǐng)人做某事”。(1)havesb.dosth.讓某人干某事(2)havesb./sth.doing讓某人素來做某事(某事處于某種狀態(tài))。用于否認(rèn)句時(shí)，have表示“容忍、同意”之意。(3)havesth.todo/tobedone有事要做,have表示“擁有”。[典例]①IusuallyhavemyclotheswashedonSundays.Idon’twashmyclothesmyself.我平時(shí)在星期天洗衣服，但不是自己洗。②Hehadhisexperimentreportallwrittenoutneatly.他把實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告寫得清清楚楚。Wewon’thaveyoucheatingintheexam.我們不同樣意你們在考試時(shí)舞弊。④Thebosshadtheworkersworkingdayandnight.老板讓工人們?nèi)杖找挂共煌５毓ぷ鳌ehavealotofthingsto_doeveryday.我們每日都有好多事情要做。[練習(xí)]漢譯英與敵手角逐時(shí)，他大腿受傷了不得不放棄比賽。_______________________________________________________________________________殘忍的老板讓他的工人們成天工作。_____________________________________________________________________________班主任讓班長他不在時(shí)管理班級(jí)。______________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)Whenstrugglingwiththecompetitor,hehadhislegbrokenandhadtogiveupthematch.2)Thecruelbosshadhisemployeesworkingallthemorning.3)Theheadteacherhadthemonitormanagethewholeclasswhenhewasabsence.被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特別形式，表示句子中的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，也就是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。一般來，只有需要作象的及物才有被。被的組成是：助be＋去分。一、被在不同樣中的化形式：(以ask例明)在去將來amwasshall一般isaskedaskedbeaskedarewerewillamwas行isbeingaskedbeingwereareaskedhasbeenaskedhadbeenaskedwill達(dá)成havehavebeenaskedshall二、被的用法1．不知道作的行者是或許的人的趣大于主的趣。PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.印刷是從中國入歐洲的。2．出于修辭的原因或許了更好地安排句子。Theprofessorcametoourschoolandwaswarmlywelcomedbytheteachersandstudents.那位教授抵達(dá)我校并遇到生的烈迎。3．不愿意出作的行者，目的是了使言得體，在種情況下，有使用一些特句式。Itissaidthat...據(jù)??Itishopedthat...大家希望??Itisdeclaredthat...據(jù)宣布??Itiswellknownthat...盡人皆知??三、被的幾種型1．含有個(gè)的被構(gòu)Itisoftenused(bymyteacher)inteachingEnglish.常(被老)用于英授課中。2．含有雙賓語的被動(dòng)構(gòu)造teach，tell，give等動(dòng)詞后邊經(jīng)常有兩個(gè)賓語，叫作雙賓語。帶雙賓語的主動(dòng)句用被動(dòng)句表示時(shí)，可以把其中一個(gè)賓語用作主語，另一個(gè)賓語作保存賓語。但以指人的間接賓語作主語為好，句子顯得更自然。Wegavethemsomebooks.我們給了他們一些書。Theyweregivensomebooks.Somebooksweregiventothem.但也有的只能以直接賓語作為被動(dòng)句的主語。Iwillbuyyouapresent.我將給你買份禮品。→Apresentwillbeboughtforyou.3．含有復(fù)合賓語的被動(dòng)構(gòu)造call，make之類的動(dòng)詞后經(jīng)常帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語。這種構(gòu)造只能將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語改作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。主動(dòng)句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語假如為doing，變成被動(dòng)句后，doing作主語補(bǔ)足語。帶有不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的感官動(dòng)詞(如hear，see，feel，watch等)和使役動(dòng)詞(如make，have，let)主動(dòng)句的賓語補(bǔ)足語為省略to的不定式，變成被動(dòng)句后，作為主語補(bǔ)足語的不定式必然帶to。Thelandlordmadehimwork.地主讓他干活?！鶫ewasmadetowork(bythelandlord)．4．神態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)其形式為“神態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過去分詞”。Thebooksmaybekeptfortwoweeks.這些書你可以借兩周。5．短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)短語動(dòng)詞在變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不要遺漏組成短語動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞。Thatoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.那位老人經(jīng)常受人嘲諷。四、主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1．主語(物)＋wash，clean，cook，cut，read，wear，keep，open，draw，write，sell等不及物動(dòng)詞＋adv.。這些動(dòng)詞的主語一般是表物的詞，且這些物經(jīng)常擁有某種在的特點(diǎn)，這些句子的時(shí)態(tài)多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)。Thebooksellswell.本很。Yourpenwritesquitesmoothly.你的筆寫起來很流。2．blame，let，remain，keep，rent等。ItwasI，notyou，amtoblame.是我而不是你當(dāng)遇到。3．在need，require，want，deserve，beworth后的名主構(gòu)表被意。Mywatchneedscleaning.(＝Mywatchneedstobecleaned.)我的手表需要沖刷。4．在makesb.heard/understood(令人能聽/理解自己)特別構(gòu)中。Youshouldspeaklouderandmakeyourselfheard.聲音大些，好令人能聽到你的。5．用在Therebe句型中。Thereisalotofworktodo.(＝Thereisalotofworktobedone.)有好多工作要做。6．不定式的主形式表被(1)當(dāng)不定式在名后邊作定，且和名之相關(guān)系，不定式的主形式表示被含。Wouldyoubringmeabenchtositon?你我拿把凳子來坐好？(2)不定式用在形容后作狀，和句中的主組成上的關(guān)系，常用主形式。常用的形容有：difficult，easy，hard，interesting，comfortable，heavy，light，impossible，nice，pleasant等。Theboxseemsheavytocarry.那個(gè)箱子憂如搬起來很重。五、被形式表示想法英中有的句子構(gòu)看上去是被，但是表示的是想法，如bedetermined，bepleased，beprepared(for)，beoccupied(in)，getmarried等。Heisdeterminedtopasstheexam.他下信心要通次考。六、不用被的情況1．不及物或不及物短如appear，happen，remain，takeplace，comeabout，breakout，cometrue等沒有被。2．表示狀的及物have(有)，possess(有)，hold(容)，suit(合適)，fit(合適)，equal(等于)，contain(包含)，cost(花)，last(持)，mean(意味著)，belongto(屬于)，consistof(由??成)，datefrom(起源于)等，平時(shí)不用于被。3．系become，turn，get，look，sound，smell，taste，feel等，沒有被。七、被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表構(gòu)造“連系動(dòng)詞be＋表語(過去分詞)”的差別：被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示的是動(dòng)作，句子的主語是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象；而系表構(gòu)造表示的是主語的狀態(tài)或特點(diǎn)，其中過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞。Thebridgewascompletedinl968.這座橋是1968年建成的。(被動(dòng)語態(tài))Thebridgeiscompleted.橋已修睦。(系表構(gòu)造)【訓(xùn)練】①ThankyouforyourfirstvisittoCCTV..Thissite______andwillbebackonlineinthenot-too-distantfuture.A．hadupdatedB．willbeupdatedC．updatedD．isbeingupdated【解析】由于site與update之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，除去A、C兩項(xiàng)；由句意可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故答案為D項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮緿②—________thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.—Yes，italldependsontheweather.A．I'vebeentoldB．I'vetoldC．I'mtoldD．Itold【解析】tell應(yīng)當(dāng)接雙賓語，而空后只有一個(gè)賓語從句，所以該句不可以用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；C項(xiàng)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般情況顯然不妥，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)重申現(xiàn)在的情況，即“我知道了”?！敬鸢浮緼③—Howdidyoulikethisspeech?—Oh，itwasverygood.Whathesaid________likepoetry.A．soundedB．soundC．wassoundedD．issounded【解析】系動(dòng)詞sound沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故除去C、D兩項(xiàng)；依據(jù)語境，可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去式。故正確答案為A項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮緼AsfarasIknow，suchthingsarenotallowed______withyouwhenyoutakeaplane.A．tocarryB．tobecarriedC．tohavebeencarriedD．tobecarrying【解析】因carry與suchthings之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故要用不定式的被動(dòng)式；依據(jù)句意可知carry這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在allow動(dòng)作今后，故用不定式的一般式?！敬鸢浮緽Thejewelryshopisreportedinthelocalnewspaper______lastnight.A．tohaverobbed

B．tohavebeenrobbedC．havingbeenrobbed

D．toberobbed【解析】察看“sb./sth.＋be＋過去分詞＋todo構(gòu)造”。不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞以前，用不定式的達(dá)成式，句子主語與rob之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)選B?！敬鸢浮?/p>

B【練習(xí)】.品句填詞1．Asmileof________滿(意)appearedonherfacewhenshewastoldthatherchildbehavedwellatschool.2．Onceafirebreaksou