2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-昆明理工大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)21

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-昆明理工大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Onecanunderstandothersmuchbetterbynotingtheimmediateandfleetingreactionsoftheireyesand（

）toexpressedthoughts.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.countenances

B.dilemmas

C.concessions

D.junctions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)countenance“面容，面部表情”；B選項(xiàng)dilemma“（進(jìn)退兩難的）窘境，困境”；C選項(xiàng)concession“讓步，遷就”；D選項(xiàng)junction“連接，接合”。由eyes可知A選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，指眼睛和面部表情的反應(yīng)。句意：通過(guò)注意他們的眼睛和面部表情表達(dá)思想的即時(shí)和短暫的反應(yīng)，我們可以更好地理解他人。

2.單選題

Wehavedoneallwecouldandnowourcherishedprojectis（

）ournewCEO.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ontheagendaof

B.inthepowerof

C.undertheguidanceof

D.withtheguidanceof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)ontheagendaof“列入會(huì)議議程的”；B選項(xiàng)inthepowerof“受……支配，在……的控制下”；C選項(xiàng)undertheguidanceof“在……的指導(dǎo)下”；D選項(xiàng)withtheguidanceof“在……的指導(dǎo)下”，作伴隨狀語(yǔ)表原因。由project（項(xiàng)目）與CEO（執(zhí)行總裁）之間的關(guān)系可知項(xiàng)目應(yīng)處于CEO的控制下較符合邏輯搭配。句意：我們已經(jīng)竭盡所能，現(xiàn)在我們珍視的項(xiàng)目掌握在新任CEO的手中。

3.單選題

（

）excessiveconsumptionoffriedfoodshasseriousconsequencesashasbeenproved.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theoretically

B.Presumably

C.Incredibly

D.Practically

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)theoretically“理論地，理論上”；B選項(xiàng)presumably“據(jù)推測(cè)，很可能，大概”；C選項(xiàng)incredibly“極其，難以置信地”；D選項(xiàng)practically“實(shí)際上，幾乎，差不多”。由ashasbeenproved（如已證實(shí)的那樣）可知前面的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是一種猜測(cè)比較符合邏輯，即證實(shí)推測(cè)。句意：據(jù)推測(cè)，過(guò)度食用油炸食品會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重后果，這已被證實(shí)。

4.單選題

Plasticsarethebestinsulatorofelectricity,rubber（

）itclosely.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.following

B.followed

C.tofollow

D.beingfollowed

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的不定式表示將來(lái)或目的，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)。句中的it指代plastic，此處表示rubber緊跟plastic后面，為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此選A。句意：塑料是最好的絕緣材料，橡膠緊隨其后。

5.單選題

Itisrather（

）thatwestilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereareintheworldtoday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.misleading

B.boring

C.embarrassing

D.demanding

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)misleading“誤導(dǎo)性的”；B選項(xiàng)boring“無(wú)聊的，無(wú)趣的”；C選項(xiàng)embarrassing“使人尷尬的，令人為難的”；D選項(xiàng)demanding“要求高的，要求極嚴(yán)的”。句中的it為形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，由“westilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereareintheworldtoday（我們?nèi)匀徊恢澜裉焓澜缟嫌卸嗌俜N物種）”可知C選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：我們現(xiàn)在還不知道世界上有多少物種，這是相當(dāng)令人尷尬的。

6.單選題

（

）,Imustdoanotherexperiment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Beiteversolate

B.Itiseversolate

C.Itbeeversolate

D.Solateitbeever

【答案】A

【解析】考查狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)及句意，可推測(cè)空格指“盡管很晚了，但我必須再做一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)”，Beiteversolate是由Thoughit(may)beeversolate而來(lái)，省略了though再將be移至主語(yǔ)it之前而來(lái)。句意：盡管很晚了，但我必須再做一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。

7.單選題

Theyareconsidering（

）thehousebeforethepricesgodown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.selling

B.ofselling

C.tosell

D.overselling

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。動(dòng)詞consider后可接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)通常要帶how、where、who之類的疑問(wèn)詞，因此選A。句意：他們正考慮在價(jià)格下降之前賣掉房子。

8.單選題

Speakingtwolanguagesratherthanjustonehasobviouspracticalbenefitsinanincreasinglyglobalizedworld.Butinrecentyears,scientistshavebeguntoshowthattheadvantagesofbilingualismareevenmorefundamentalthanbeingabletoconversewithawiderrangeofpeople.Beingbilingual,itturnsout,makesyousmarter.Itcanhaveaprofoundeffectonyourbrain,improvingcognitiveskillsnotrelatedtolanguageandevenshieldingagainstdementia（癡呆）inoldage.

Thisviewofbilingualismisremarkablydifferentfromtheunderstandingofbilingualismthroughmuchofthe20thcentury.Researchers,educatorsandpolicymakerslongconsideredasecondlanguagetobeaninterference,cognitivelyspeaking,thathinderedachild’sacademicandintellectualdevelopment.

Theywerenotwrongabouttheinterference:thereisampleevidencethatinabilingual’sbrainbothlanguagesystemsareactiveevenwhenheisusingonlyonelanguage,thuscreatingsituationsinwhichonesystemobstructs（癡呆）theother.Butthisinterference,researchersarefindingout,isn’tsomuchahandicapasablessingindisguise.Itforcesthebraintoresolveinternalconflict,givingthemindaworkoutthatstrengthensitscognitivemuscles.

Thecollectiveevidencefromanumberofsuchstudiessuggeststhatthebilingualexperienceimprovesthebrain’sso-calledexecutivefunction.Acommandsystemdirectstheattentionprocessesthatweuseforplanning,solvingproblemsandperformingvariousothermentallydemandingtasks.Theseprocessesincludeignoringdistractionstostayfocused,switchingattentionwillfullyfromonethingtoanotherandholdinginformationinmind—likerememberingasequenceofdirectionswhiledriving.

Whydoesthetussle（搏斗）betweentwosimultaneouslyactivelanguagesystemsimprovetheseaspectsofcognition?Untilrecently,researchersthoughtthebilingualadvantagestemmedprimarilyfromanabilityforinhibitionthatwashoned（磨煉）bytheexerciseofsuppressingonelanguagesystem:thissuppression,itwasthought,wouldhelptrainthebilingualmindtoignoredistractionsinothercontexts.Butthatexplanationincreasinglyappearstobeinadequate,sincestudieshaveshownthatbilingualsperformbetterthanmonolingualsevenattasksthatdonotrequireinhibition,likethreadingalinethroughanascendingseriesofnumbersscatteredrandomlyonapage.

Thekeydifferencebetweenbilingualsandmonolingualsmaybemorebasic:aheightenedabilitytomonitortheenvironment.“Bilingualshavetoswitchlanguagesquiteoften—youmaytalktoyourfatherinonelanguageandtoyourmotherinanotherlanguage,”saysAlbertCosta,aresearcherattheUniversityofPompeaFabrainSpain.“Itrequireskeepingtrackofchangesaroundyouinthesamewaythatwemonitoroursurroundingswhendriving.”InastudycomparingGerman-ItalianbilingualswithItalianmonolingualsonmonitoringtasks,Mr.Costaandhiscolleaguesfoundthatthebilingualsubjectsnotonlyperformedbetter,buttheyalsodidsowithlessactivityinpartsofthebraininvolvedinmonitoring,indicatingthattheyweremoreefficientatit.

Thebilingualexperienceappearstoinfluencethebrainfrominfancytooldage,andthereisreasontobelievethatitmayalsoapplytothosewholearnasecondlanguagelaterinlife.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themorerecentandoldviewsofbilingualismdiffermainlyin（

）.

2.Thefactthatinterferenceisnowseenasablessingindisguisemeansthat

（

）.

3.WhatistheroleofParagraphFourinrelationtoParagraphThree?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanaccountforbetterperformanceofbilingualsindoingnon-inhibitiontasks?

5.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itspracticaladvantages

B.perceivedlanguagefluency

C.itsroleincognition

D.itsroleinmedicine

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itspotentialbenefitshaveremainedundiscovered

B.ithasledtounexpectedlyfavorableresults

C.itseffectsoncognitivedevelopmenthavebeenminimal

D.onlyafewresearchershaverealizeditsadvantages

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ItprovidescounterevidencetoParagraphThree.

B.Itoffersanotherexampleoftheroleofinterference.

C.Itservesasatransitionalparagraphinthepassage.

D.ItfurtherillustratesthepointinParagraphThree.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Anabilitytoignoredistractions

B.Anabilitytomonitorsurroundings.

C.Anabilitytoperformwithlesseffort.

D.Anabilitytoexercisesuppression.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Featuresofbilingualsandmonolinguals.

B.Interferenceandsuppression.

C.Bilingualsandmonitoringtasks.

D.Reasonswhybilingualsaresmarter

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Beingbilingual,itturnsout,makesyousmarter.Itcanhaveaprofoundeffectonyourbrain,improvingcognitiveskillsnotrelatedtolanguageandevenshieldingagainstdementiainoldage.（事實(shí)證明，雙語(yǔ)能讓你更聰明。它可以對(duì)你的大腦產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響，提高與語(yǔ)言無(wú)關(guān)的認(rèn)知能力，甚至可以在老年時(shí)抵御癡呆癥）可知C選項(xiàng)“它在認(rèn)知中的作用”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞interference定位到文章第三段中，由Butthisinterference,researchersarefindingout,isn’tsomuchahandicapasablessingindisguise.Itforcesthebraintoresolveinternalconflict,givingthemindaworkoutthatstrengthensitscognitivemuscles.（但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種干擾與其說(shuō)是一種障礙，不如說(shuō)是一種偽裝的祝福。它迫使大腦解決內(nèi)部沖突，給大腦一個(gè)加強(qiáng)認(rèn)知肌肉的鍛煉）可知B選項(xiàng)“它帶來(lái)意外的有利結(jié)果”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第三段介紹干擾雖然存在，但能鍛煉認(rèn)知肌肉，第四段介紹研究表明雙語(yǔ)經(jīng)歷能改善大腦的執(zhí)行功能，接著又詳細(xì)說(shuō)明大腦的工作流程來(lái)證明上面的觀點(diǎn)。故第四段進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明第三段的內(nèi)容，因此D選項(xiàng)“它進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了第三段的觀點(diǎn)”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞non-inhibitiontasks定位到文章第五段中，由Butthatexplanationincreasinglyappearstobeinadequate,sincestudieshaveshownthatbilingualsperformbetterthanmonolingualsevenattasksthatdonotrequireinhibition（但這種解釋似乎越來(lái)越不充分，因?yàn)檠芯勘砻?，即使在不需要抑制的任?wù)中，雙語(yǔ)者的表現(xiàn)也比單語(yǔ)者好）和第六段中的Thekeydifferencebetweenbilingualsandmonolingualsmaybemorebasic:aheightenedabilitytomonitortheenvironment.（雙語(yǔ)者和單語(yǔ)者之間的關(guān)鍵區(qū)別可能更為基本：提高了監(jiān)控環(huán)境的能力）可知B選項(xiàng)“監(jiān)測(cè)環(huán)境的能力”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章首段提出雙語(yǔ)者更聰明，尾段提出雙語(yǔ)經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)第二語(yǔ)言的有利影響，中間內(nèi)容解釋了雙語(yǔ)干擾帶來(lái)能鍛煉認(rèn)知肌肉，雙語(yǔ)經(jīng)歷能改善大腦的執(zhí)行功能。因此D選項(xiàng)“雙語(yǔ)者更聰明的原因”符合題意。

9.單選題

HehasbeenplowingthroughabiographyofLyndonJohnsonanda（

）ofHenryKissinger.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dissection

B.dissertation

C.necessity

D.casualty

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dissection“解剖，仔細(xì)分析，詳細(xì)評(píng)論”；B選項(xiàng)dissertation“專題論文，學(xué)位論文”；C選項(xiàng)necessity“必然，必要”；D選項(xiàng)casualty“（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或事故的）傷員，亡者”。plowthrough表示“艱難地完成”，“abiography（傳記）ofLyndonJohnsonanda______ofHenryKissinger”為兩個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)，因此空格處應(yīng)與biography相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意選A。句意：他一直艱難地完成LyndonJohnson的傳記和HenryKissinger的詳細(xì)評(píng)論。

10.單選題

Thescientisthasmadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,（

）isofgreatimportancetoscience.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichIthink

B.whichIthinkit

C.ofwhichIthink

D.Ithinkwhich

【答案】A

【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。which指代先行詞discovery，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，Ithink作插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)放在其前面，因此選A。句意：這位科學(xué)家又有了一個(gè)了不起的發(fā)現(xiàn)，我認(rèn)為這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)這對(duì)科學(xué)很重要。

11.單選題

Theforemanreadthe（

）ofguiltyfourteentimes,oneforeachdefendant.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prejudice

B.verification

C.verdict

D.punishment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prejudice“偏見(jiàn)，成見(jiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)verification“檢驗(yàn)，檢查，審核”；C選項(xiàng)verdict“（陪審團(tuán)的）裁定，裁決，（經(jīng)過(guò)檢驗(yàn)或認(rèn)真考慮后的）決定，結(jié)論”；D選項(xiàng)punishment“刑罰，懲罰”。由句中的guilty（有罪的）和defendant（被告）可知選C。句意：陪審團(tuán)主席宣讀了14遍有罪判決書，每個(gè)被告一份。

12.單選題

Acobwebglisteningwithdewseemsas（

）asitislovely.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fragile

B.frigid

C.strident

D.tedious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fragile“易碎的，脆弱的”；B選項(xiàng)frigid“嚴(yán)寒的，寒冷的，冷淡的”；C選項(xiàng)strident“刺耳的”；D選項(xiàng)tedious“冗長(zhǎng)的，啰唆的，單調(diào)乏味的”。由“有露珠閃爍的蜘蛛網(wǎng)看上去又______，又可愛(ài)”可知空格處的詞語(yǔ)要與cobweb（蜘蛛網(wǎng)）在邏輯上搭配，且與lovely的感情色彩一致，因此選A。句意：有露珠閃爍的蜘蛛網(wǎng)看上去又脆弱又可愛(ài)。

13.單選題

Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryaspectofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeideaofitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoobtainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.

Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseknowledgeofscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodemworld,orindependentlyofanycourse,simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsare,andwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.

Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometoconsistofmoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotauniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallpartsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatissomewhatsexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tobalancethisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatinghimandher.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgementoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.

Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asmanyotherscientistsdo,thatweshouldn’ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.

1.Accordingtothepassage,“scientificsubculture”means（

）.

2.Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause

（

）.

3.Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho

（

）.

4.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

5.Thetextmostprobablyis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.culturalgroupsthatareformedbyscientists.

B.peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimited

C.thescientificcommunity

D.peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscience

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientists

B.scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife

C.scientistsliveinaspecificsubculture

D.itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscience

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.areintelligentcollegestudentsandlaypersonwhodonotknowmuchaboutscience

B.aregoodatproducingvariousgadgets

C.workinastorehouseofdriedfacts

D.wanttohaveasuperficialunderstandingofscience

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Englishisasexistlanguage.

B.Onlyinthescientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidly.

C.Womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguage.

D.Malenounsorpronounsshouldnotbeusedtorefertoscientists.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.abookreview

B.theprefaceofabook

C.thepostscriptofabook

D.theconcludingpartofabook

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.（他們還應(yīng)該了解科學(xué)家生活的亞文化群體以及他們是什么樣的人）和第三段中的Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.（我們?cè)噲D在這本書中給出一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的、最新的描述科學(xué)界及生活在科學(xué)界的人）可推測(cè)“scientificsubculture（科學(xué)亞文化群體）”指的是由科學(xué)家組成的文化群體，因此選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Sinceittouchesalmosteveryaspectofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeideaofitsstructureandoperation.（因?yàn)樗鼛缀跎婕暗轿覀兩畹拿恳粋€(gè)方面，受過(guò)教育的人至少需要了解它的結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)作）可知B選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)幾乎影響我們生活的方方面面”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseknowledgeofscienceissuperficial（這本書是為聰明的學(xué)生或非專業(yè)人士而寫的，他們的科學(xué)知識(shí)是膚淺的）可知A選項(xiàng)“聰明的大學(xué)生和不懂科學(xué)的門外漢”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotauniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallpartsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatissomewhatsexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.（隨著越來(lái)越多的女性進(jìn)入傳統(tǒng)的男性主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域并作出重大貢獻(xiàn)，女性在科學(xué)亞文化中的作用日益增強(qiáng)，這不是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的事件，而是社會(huì)各方面明顯的趨勢(shì)的一部分。然而，在討論這些變化和貢獻(xiàn)時(shí)，我們面臨著一種有點(diǎn)性別歧視的語(yǔ)言，一種使用男性名詞或代詞來(lái)指代未指明的個(gè)人）可知D選項(xiàng)“男性名詞或代詞不應(yīng)用于指科學(xué)家”符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。文章首段提出科學(xué)是我們文化的重大主題；第二段指出本書的讀者對(duì)象；第三段指出科學(xué)界存在的語(yǔ)言性別歧視；最后一段指出本書有娛樂(lè)性和知識(shí)性。因此可以推測(cè)這篇文章是一本書的序言，選B。

14.單選題

Shewasso（

）inherjobthatshedidn'thearanybodyknockingatthedoor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attracted

B.absorbed

C.drawn

D.concentrated

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)常用于beattractedby（被……吸引），指客觀上吸引人的注意力；B選項(xiàng)常用于beabsorbedinsth.（被……吸引住，專注于），absorb表示“吸引（注意力，精力等）”；C選項(xiàng)常用于bedrawnto（被吸引到……上來(lái)）；D選項(xiàng)concentrate“集中精神，全神貫注”，常與on或upon連用。由“shedidn'thearanybodyknockingatthedoor（她沒(méi)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人敲門）”可知B選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：她全神貫注于她的工作以至于她沒(méi)有聽(tīng)見(jiàn)敲門聲。

15.單選題

The（

）physicisthasbeenchallengedbyothersinhisfield.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.respectable

B.respectful

C.respective

D.respecting

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)respectable“可敬的，值得尊敬的”；B選項(xiàng)respectful“尊敬的，有禮貌的”；C選項(xiàng)respective“各自的，分別的”；D選項(xiàng)respecting“尊敬，尊重”。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)的意思，可知A選項(xiàng)最符合句意。句意：這位受人尊敬的物理學(xué)家在他的領(lǐng)域受到了其他人的挑戰(zhàn)。

16.單選題

BenjaminFranklin,tactlessinhisyouth,becamesodiplomatic,so（

）athandlingpeoplethathewasmadeAmericanAmbassadortoFrance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shrewd

B.foxy

C.considerate

D.adroit

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)shrewd“精明的，敏銳的”，指有頭腦，善于判斷分析，精明過(guò)人；B選項(xiàng)foxy“狡猾的”；C選項(xiàng)considerate“考慮周到的，體貼的”；D選項(xiàng)adroit“（尤指待人接物）精明的，干練的，機(jī)敏的”。根據(jù)空格處前后句意，可知空格處與tactless（得罪人的，不圓通的）表示的意思相反，因此選D。句意：本杰明?富蘭克林，年輕時(shí)并不圓滑，后來(lái)變得很有外交手腕，善于與人打交道，因此被任命為美國(guó)駐法國(guó)大使。

17.單選題

Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkoftenfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheirfull（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.capacity

B.strength

C.length

D.possibility

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)capacity“容量，能力，才能”；B選項(xiàng)strength“力量，毅力”；C選項(xiàng)length“長(zhǎng)度，篇幅”；D選項(xiàng)possibility“可能，可能性”。worktoone'scapacity表示“充分發(fā)揮才能”。句意：沒(méi)有外出工作的家庭主婦們總感覺(jué)她們沒(méi)充分發(fā)揮自己的全部才能。

18.單選題

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Buttheoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamebeginningwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarhasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChrtienandKoizumi).Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Alien,EllisonandAlbrecht).

Canthismerelybycoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

1.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

2.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

3.Thefourthparagraphsuggeststhat（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(Para.5)?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Akindofoverlookinequality.

B.Atypeofconspicuousbias.

C.Atypeofpersonalprejudice.

D.Akindofbranddiscrimination.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess.

B.ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman.

C.Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names.

D.Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents

B.alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass

C.teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents

D.studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyaregettingimpatient.

B.Theyarenoisilydozingoff.

C.Theyarefeelinghumiliated.

D.Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated.

B.VIPsinthewesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism.

C.Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabtismstillhasalongwaytogo.

D.Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamebeginningwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.（對(duì)于那些尚未意識(shí)到這一劣勢(shì)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是指對(duì)那些姓氏以字母表下半部分的字母開(kāi)頭的人的歧視）可知A選項(xiàng)“一種被忽視的不公平”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章第一段提出字母排序是一種隱藏的歧視；第二三段舉例說(shuō)明字母排序的歧視，因此D選項(xiàng)“某種形式的歧視太微妙以至于無(wú)法識(shí)別”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第四段介紹了從入學(xué)開(kāi)始，老師們就按姓氏首字母排序安排學(xué)生的座位，很少關(guān)注那些由于姓氏首字母靠后而經(jīng)常被安排在教室的后面，也很少向他們提問(wèn)，因此C選項(xiàng)“老師們應(yīng)該關(guān)注所有的學(xué)生”符合題意。

4.詞義題。由文章最后一段中的Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.（羞辱還在繼續(xù)。在大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上，ABC們自豪地獲得了他們的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)；等輪到Zysman們的時(shí)候，大多數(shù)人實(shí)際上已經(jīng)ZZZ了）可在推測(cè)等輪到Zysman們領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)時(shí)，其他人由于等的時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)，差不多都會(huì)睡著了。ZZZ表示“（擬聲）打鼾聲”，dozingoff表示“打瞌睡”，因此選B。

5.推理判斷題。文章主要介紹了字母排序所帶來(lái)的歧視，這種歧視是隱蔽的，是無(wú)意中導(dǎo)致的，因此D選項(xiàng)“按字母順序排列可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致無(wú)意的偏見(jiàn)”符合題意。

19.單選題

Onestudentafteranother（

）uptoanswertheteacher’squestions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stand

B.stands

C.standing

D.tostand

【答案】B

【解析】考查主謂一致。分析句子，可知“____up”為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，“toanswertheteacher’squestions”為不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故排除C、D。one...afteranother（一個(gè)接一個(gè)）后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，因此選B。句意：學(xué)生一個(gè)接一個(gè)站起來(lái)回答老師的問(wèn)題。

20.單選題

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（

）aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.stimulating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)modify“修改，更改”；B選項(xiàng)duplicate“模仿，復(fù)制”；C選項(xiàng)accelerate“加速，增速”；D選項(xiàng)stimulate“刺激”。根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)aviolentact（暴力行為）可知B選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：最近，有報(bào)道稱，一些兒童模仿了以前在電視上看到的暴力行為。

21.單選題

Oneoftherecurrentfrustrationsandtragediesinthehistoryofthoughtiscausedbytheuncertainty（

）tosolveagivenproblembytraditionalmethodspreviouslyappliedtoproblemswhichseemtobeofthesamenature.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatispossible

B.whetheritispossible

C.thatitispossible

D.aboutwhatispossible

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位語(yǔ)從句。句子主干為Oneoftherecurrentfrustrationsandtragediesiscausedbytheuncertainty（反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的挫折和悲劇之一是由不確定性引起的），由空格前的uncertainty（不確定性）可知此處表示的是“一種可能性”。因此選B，由whether引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)前面的抽象名詞uncertainty進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明。句意：思想史上反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的挫折和悲劇之一，是由不確定性引起的，即是否用傳統(tǒng)的方法來(lái)解決一個(gè)給定的問(wèn)題，這些方法以前應(yīng)用于看起來(lái)性質(zhì)相同的問(wèn)題中。

22.單選題

Iwish（

）toStockholmwhenIwasinSweden.Ihearit’sabeautifulcity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Iwent

B.Ihadgone

C.togo

D.tohavegone

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在相反的情況，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去相反的情況，用would/coulddo表示與將來(lái)相反的情況。由“whenIwasinSweden”可知此處是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，故wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，因此選B。

23.單選題

Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（

）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.annoyance

B.resentment

C.offence

D.irritation

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)annoyance“惱怒，生氣，煩惱”；B選項(xiàng)resentment“憤恨，怨恨”；C選項(xiàng)offence“犯罪，罪行，冒犯”；D選項(xiàng)irritation“生氣，氣惱”。只有offence可用于短語(yǔ)takeoffenceatsth.表示“對(duì)……生氣”。句意：記者和攝影師們都對(duì)那位演員在采訪過(guò)程中的粗魯表現(xiàn)感到不滿。

24.單選題

MyprofessorbrotherandIhaveanargumentaboutheadandheart,aboutwhetherheovervaluesIQwhileIleanmoretowardEQ.Wetypicallyhavethisdebateaboutpeople—canyoubefriendswithareallysmartjerk（怪物）?—butthere'scorollary（推論）toanimalsaswell.I’dloveitifourdogcouldfetchthemorningpaperandthenreadittomeovercoffee,butIactuallycaremuchmoreaboutherloyalandinnocentheart.There’salreadyenoughthinkinggoingoninourhouse,andweprobablyspendtoomuchtimeinourheads.Whereweneedsomerolemodelingisininstinct,andthat'swhereadogisarovingrevelation.

Ididnotgrowupwithdogs,whichmeantthatmyolderdaughter'srespectfulbutunyieldingdeterminationtogetonerequiredsomeadjustmentonmypart.Ioftenfeltshewastrainingme:fromagesof6to9,shegentlyschooledmeinvariousbreedsandtheirpersonalities,whisperedtothedogsweencounteredsotheywouldcharmandpersuademe,demonstratedbyherself-disciplinethatshewasreadyfortheresponsibility.AndthuscameourdogTwist,whomIsometimesmistakeforathirddaughter.

AtfirstIthoughtthechallengewouldbetotrainhertosit,toheel,towalkcalmlybesideusandnotgowildlychasingtheneighbourhoodrabbits.ButIsoondiscoveredhowmuchmorewehadtolearnfromherthanshefromus.

Ifitistrue,forexample,thatthesecrettoachild’ssuccessislessraregeniusthanrawpersistence,Twist'sabilitytostayontaskisamodelforusall,especiallyifthetaskistryingtocapturethesunbeamthatflicks（忽然搖動(dòng)）aroundthelivingroomasthewindblowsthroughthebranchesoutside.Sheneversucceeds,andshenevergivesup.Thisincludeswhensherunssquareintowalls.

Thenthereisherunfailingpatience,whichbreaksdownonlywhenshesensesthatdinnertimewas15minutesagoandwehavesomehowfailedtonotice.Eventhensheismoreeagerthanindignant（憤憤不平）,andherrefusaltowhineshowsarestraintofwhichI'mnotalwayscapablewhenhungry.

ButthelessonIvaluemostistheoneinforgiveness,andTwistfirstofferedthiswhenshewasstillveryyoung.Whenshewasabout7monthsold,wetookhertothevet（獸醫(yī)）tobesprayed（切除卵巢）.Weturnedherovertoastranger,whoproceededtoperformaprocedurethatwasprobablynotpleasant,Butwhenthevetreturnedhertous,limpandtender,therewasnorecrimination（反責(zé)）,noHowcouldyoudothattome?Itwasasthoughshereallyknewthatwecouldnotintentionallycauseherpain,andwhileshedidnotunderstand,sheforgaveandcurledupwithherheadonmydaughter'slap.

Isupposewecouldhaveconcludedthatshewasjustblindlyloyalanddocile（溫順的）.Buteventuallyweknewbetter.Sheisentirelycapableofdisobedience,asshehasprovedmanytimes.Shewillignoreuswhentherearemoreinterestingthingstolookat,rebukeuswhenwearecareless,barkintothetwilightwhenshehasurgentmessagestosend.Butherpatiencewithourfailingsandfickleness（浮躁）andherwillingnesstogiveusasecondchanceareadailylessoningratitude.

Myfriendswhogrewupwithdogstellmehowwhentheywereteenagersandtrustednooneintheworld,theycouldtelltheirdogalltheirsecrets.Itwastheonefriendwhowouldnotgossiporbetray,couldprovideinthemiddleofthenightthesoft,unbegrudging（不勉強(qiáng)的）comfortandpeac