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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西北工業(yè)大學考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據實際調整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題
Andthetopic“fat”isforbidden.Eventheslightestpaunchbetraysthatoneislosingthetrimand(
)ofyouth.
問題1選項
A.vague
B.vigor
C.vogue
D.vulgar
【答案】B
【解析】考查形似詞辨析。vague“模糊的;含糊的”,形容詞;vigor“活力;精力”,名詞;vogue“時尚;流行”,名詞;vulgar“粗俗的;通俗的”,形容詞。句意:“肥胖”的話題被禁止了。即使是稍微隆起的小肚子都暴露出他正失去青春活力。選項B符合題意。
2.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish
科學實驗的重要性
現代科學的興起也許要追溯到羅杰·培根的時代。羅杰·培根是牛津杰出的僧侶和哲學家。他出生于1214年,死于1292年。他可能是中世紀第一個提出我們必須通過對周圍事物進行觀察和實驗來學習科學的人,他自己也有許多卓越的發(fā)現。然而,生活在三百多年之后的伽利略(1564-1642),卻是好幾個偉大人物中最偉大的一個,這些人在意大利、法國、德國和英國開始逐步使人們看到許多重要的真理是可以通過掌握得當的觀察去發(fā)現的。在伽利略之前,學者們相信大的物體掉到地面比小的物體要快,因為亞里士多德是這樣說的??墒琴だ缘巧媳人_斜塔的頂端,讓兩個體積不相等的鐵球同時落地,從而向一些他帶去觀看實驗的朋友們證明,亞里士多德錯了。正是伽利略的這種直接到大自然中去通過實驗來證明我們的判斷和理論的精神,導致了現代科學的偉大發(fā)現。
【答案】TheImportanceofScientificExperiments
TheriseofmodernsciencemayperhapsdatebacktothetimeofRogerBacon,theoutstandingmonkandphilosopherofOxford,whowasbornon1241,anddiedon1292.Hewasprobablythemanwhofirstlyproposedthatwemuststudysciencebyobservingandexperimentingonthesurroundingthings,andmademanyremarkablediscoverieshimself.However,Galileo,wholivedmorethan300yearslater,wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmen.Theyshowedpeoplehowmanyimportanttruthscouldbediscoveredbywell-directedobservationinItaly,France,Germany,orEngland.BeforethetimeofGalileo,scholarsbelievedthatlargeobjectsfalltothegroundfasterthansmallones,becauseAristotlesaidso.GoingtothetopoftheLeaningTowerofPisa,Galileoletfalltwounequalironballsatthesametime,andprovedtothosewhomhehadbroughttheretoseehisexperimentthatAristotlewaswrong.ItwasGalileo’sspiritofgoingdirecttoNature,andprovingouropinionsandtheoriesthroughexperiments,thatledtothegreatdiscoveriesofmodernsociety.
3.單選題
Thepalmtreelookedasifit(
)foralongtime.
問題1選項
A.hasn’twatered
B.didn’twater
C.hadn’tbeenwatered
D.wasn’twatered
【答案】C
【解析】考查虛擬語氣。Asif引導一個表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的句子。主語的謂語動詞是一般過去時,因此虛擬語氣的謂語動詞要用過去完成時。選項C符合題意。
4.單選題
AlthoughGuthmanwasa(
)ofseveralcampaigns,hehadneverseenactiononthefrontlines.
問題1選項
A.veteran
B.volunteer
C.victim
D.villain
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。veteran“老兵;富有經驗的人”;volunteer“志愿者;志愿兵”;victim“受害人;犧牲者”;villain“壞人;罪犯”。句意:盡管古斯曼是參加過幾場戰(zhàn)役的老兵,但是她從來沒有見過前線的場景。選項A符合題意。
5.單選題
HenoticedthatJoanwasstudyinghimclosely,butherexpressiongaveawaynothingofwhatshewasthinking.
問題1選項
A.revealed
B.disposed
C.reminded
D.distributed
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:他注意到瓊在仔細打量他,但她的表情絲毫沒有……她在想什么。reveal“顯示,透露”;dispose“處理,安排”;remind“提醒,使想起”;distribute“分配”。根據“herexpression”和“whatshewasthinking”之間的關系可以推測出劃線單詞的意思是“透露”,因此選項A符合題意。
6.單選題
Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyth.Atthetopofthelististhenotionthatintelligenceismeasuredbyyourabilitytosolvecomplexproblems;toread,writeandcomputeatcertainlevels;andtoresolveabstractequationsquickly.Thisvisionofintelligenceassertsformaleducationandbookishexcellenceasthetruemeasuresofself-fulfillment.Itencouragesakindofintellectualprejudicethathasbroughtwithitsomediscouragingresults.Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldiscipline,is“intelligent”.Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates.Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayandeachpresentmomentofeveryday.
Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson.Problemsolvingisausefulhelptoyourhappiness,butifyouknowthatgivenyourinabilitytoresolveaparticularconcernyoucanstillchoosehappinessforyourself,orataminimumrefusetochooseunhappiness,thenyouareintelligent.YouareintelligentbecauseyouhavetheultimateweaponagainstthebigN.B.D.—NervousBreakDown.
“Intelligent”peopledonothaveN.B.D.sbecausetheyareinchargeofthemselves.Theyknowhowtochoosehappinessoverdepression;becausetheyknowhowtodealwiththeproblemsoftheirlives.
Youcanbegintothinkofyourselfastrulyintelligentonthebasisofhowyouchoosetofeelinthefaceoftryingcircumstances.Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsineverysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties.Disagreements,conflictsandcompromisesareapartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Similarly,money,growingold,sickness,deaths,naturaldisastersandaccidentsarealleventswhichpresentproblemstovirtuallyallhumanbeings.Butsomepeopleareabletomakeit,toavoidimmobilizingdepressionandunhappinessdespitesuchoccurrences,whileotherscollapseorhaveaN.B.D.Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumanweknow;also,themostrare.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,theconventionalnotionofintelligencemeasuredintermsofone’sabilitytoread,writeandcompute(
).
2.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatholdingauniversitydegree
(
).
3.Theauthorthinksthatanintelligentpersonknows
(
).
4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthortellsusthat
(
).
5.Whatkindofpeoplearerareaccordingtothepassage?
問題1選項
A.iswidelyheldbutwrongconcept
B.willhelpeliminateintellectualprejudice
C.istherootofallmentaldistress
D.willcontributetoone’sself-fulfillment
問題2選項
A.mayresultinone’sinabilitytosolvecomplexreal-lifeproblems
B.doesnotindicateone’sabilitytowriteproperlywordeddocuments
C.maymakeonementallysickandphysicallyweak
D.doesnotmeanthatoneishighlyintelligent
問題3選項
A.howtoputupwithsomeveryprevalentmyths
B.howtofindthebestwaytoachievesuccessinlife
C.howtoavoiddepressionandmakehislifeworthwhile
D.howtopersuadeotherstocompromise
問題4選項
A.difficultiesarebutpartofeveryone’slife
B.depressionandunhappinessareunavoidableinlife
C.everybodyshouldlearntoavoidtryingcircumstances
D.goodfeelingscancontributetoeventualacademicexcellence
問題5選項
A.Thosewhodon’temphasizebookishexcellenceintheirpursuitofhappiness.
B.Thosewhoareawareofdifficultiesinlifebutknowhowtoavoidunhappiness.
C.ThosewhomeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsbutseldomsufferfromN.B.
D.s.D.Thosewhoareabletosecurehappinessthoughhavingtostruggleagainsttryingcircumstances.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在傳統(tǒng)概念中,智力是根據人的讀、寫和計算能力來衡量的,作者對此的看法是什么?”文章第一段第一句提到“掌控自己能讓一些流行的錯誤觀念結束”(Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyth),接著作者又提到位于這些錯誤觀念之首的便是智力的詮釋。因此,在作者看來,認為“智力是根據人的讀寫和計算能力來衡量”是錯誤的,選項A符合題意。
第2題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“文章中暗示擁有大學學位意味著什么?”文章第一段提到“我們開始相信一個擁有教育榮譽徽章并且擅長某一學科的人是有‘智力’的。然而精神病院很多病人擁有所有形式的證書”(Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldiscipline,is“intelligent”.Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates),由此可知,學歷并不代表智力。選項D符合題意。
第3題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者認為擁有智力的人知道什么?”文章第二段第一句提到“如果你快樂,如果你每時每刻都為值得的一切生活,那么你就是一個有智力的人”(Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson),所以在作者看來,有智力的人知道怎樣讓自己的人生有價值,選項C符合題意。
第4題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者在最后一段告訴了我們什么?”文章最后一段第二、三句提到“我們每個人都要為生存而斗爭,這都是一樣的。每個人都與他相關聯的人有著相似的困難”(Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsineverysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties),說明每個人在生活中都會遇上困難,但這只是生活的一部分,選項A符合題意。
第5題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“由文章可知哪種人很少見?”文章最后一段最后一句話提到“坦誠問題是生活狀況的一部分,并且不以‘沒有問題’作為衡量快樂的標準的人是有智力的人,但是這種人很稀少”(Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumanweknow;also,themostrare),因此選項B“意識到生活中的困難,但是知道如何避免不快樂的人”符合題意。
7.單選題
(
)themostofanyadvicewhichyoucangetfromtheinterviewerandfollowupsuggestionsforimprovingyourpresentationandqualifications.
問題1選項
A.Take
B.Keep
C.Have
D.Make
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配。makethemostof“最大限度地利用”。句意:最大限度地利用并且聽從面試官給的建議來提高你的陳述方式和素養(yǎng)。選項D符合題意。
8.單選題
Alltheflights(
)becauseofthesnowstorm,wehadtotakethetraininstead.
問題1選項
A.werecanceled
B.hadbeencanceled
C.havingcanceled
D.havingbeencanceled
【答案】D
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。邏輯主語是“alltheflights”,句子主語是“we”,一個句子中不能有兩個謂語動詞,因此選項A、B可以排除;flights與cancel是被動關系,所以選項D符合題意。
9.單選題
Mrs.Blackfindsthatherpianohasalwayshadthemagicpoweroftakingherawayfromthegrimrealitiesofdailylifeand(
)hertofairylandofherownonceshestartedtoplay.
問題1選項
A.transforming
B.transporting
C.transplanting
D.transcending
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。transform“改變,使……變形”;transport“運輸;流放;使狂喜";transplant“移植;移栽;使移居”;transcend“勝過,超越”。句意:布萊克太太發(fā)現只要她一彈鋼琴,自己就會被這架有魔法的鋼琴從現實世界帶入到自己的仙境。選項B符合題意。
10.單選題
Aweathermapisanimportanttoolforgeographers.Asuccessionofthreeorfourmapspresentsacontinuouspictureofweatherchanges.Weatherforecastersareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts;todeterminewhetheranindividualpressureareaisdeepeningorbecomingshallowandwhetherafrontisincreasingordecreasinginintensity.Theyarealsoabletodeterminewhetheranairmassisretainingitsoriginalcharacteristicsortakingonthoseofthesurfaceoverwhichitismoving.Thus,amostsignificantfunctionofthemapistorevealasynopticpictureofconditionsintheatmosphereatagiventime.
Allstudentsofgeographyshouldbeabletointerpretaweathermapaccurately.Weathermapscontainanenormousamountofinformationaboutweatherconditionsexistingatthetimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalarea.Theyrevealinafewminuteswhatotherwisewouldtakehourstodescribe.TheUnitedStatesWeatherBureauissuesinformationaboutapproachingstorms,floods,frosts,droughts,andallclimaticconditionsingeneral.Twiceamonthitissuesa30-day“outlook”whichisaroughguidetoweatherconditionslikelytooccuroverbroadareasoftheUnitedStates.These30-dayoutlooksarebaseduponananalysisoftheupperairlevelwhichoftensetthestageforthedevelopmentofairmasses,frontsandstorms.
Considerableeffortisbeingexertedtodaytoachievemoreaccurateweatherpredictions.Withtheuseofelectronicinstrumentsandearthsatellites,enormousgainshavetakenplacerecentlyinidentifyingandtrackingstormsoverregionswhichhavebutfewmeteorologicalstations.Extensiveexperimentsarealsoinprogressforweathermodificationstudies.
1.OnecharacteristicofweathermapsNOTmentionedbytheauthorinthispassageis(
).
2.The30-dayforecastisdeterminedbyexamining
(
).
3.Theobservationofweatherconditionsbysatellitesisadvantageousbecauseit
(
).
4.Atthepresenttime,experimentsarebeingconductedin(
).
5.Aweathermapissynopticbecauseit(
).
問題1選項
A.fronts
B.changesintemperature
C.frost
D.windspeed
問題2選項
A.dailyweathermaps
B.upperairlevels
C.satellitereports
D.changingfronts
問題3選項
A.ismodernandprofitableforthecompaniesinvolved
B.useselectronicinstrumentstomeasuretheweatheronadailybasis
C.enablesmantoeasilyaltertheweathertohisadvantageandprofit
D.givesthescientistsinformationnotobtainedreadilyotherwise
問題4選項
A.manipulatingweather
B.determiningdensityofpressuregroups
C.satellites
D.controllingstorms
問題5選項
A.summarizesagreatdealofinformation
B.appearsdaily
C.showschangingfronts
D.canbeinterpretedaccurately
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:A
第5題:A
【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“以下選項中哪個沒在文章中被提到?”文章第一段提到“天氣預報員可以確定氣團和氣鋒……”(Weatherforecastersareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts...);文章第二段提到“美國國家氣象局通常發(fā)布有關即將到來的暴風雨、洪水、霜凍、干旱和所有氣候情況的信息”(heUnitedStatesWeatherBureauissuesinformationaboutapproachingstorms,floods,frosts,droughts,andallclimaticconditionsingeneral),由此可知,只有選項B沒有被提及,符合題意。
第2題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“30天的預報是由什么決定的?”文章第二段最后一句話提到“這三十天的天氣預報建立在對上層空氣分析的基礎上,而上層空氣經常為氣團、氣鋒和暴風雨的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造條件”(These30-dayoutlooksarebaseduponananalysisoftheupperairlevelwhichoftensetthestageforthedevelopmentofairmasses,frontsandstorms),由此可知選項B“上層空氣”符合題意。
第3題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“衛(wèi)星來觀測天氣的優(yōu)勢是什么?”文章最后一段提到“通過電子儀器和地球衛(wèi)星,人們近年來在識別和跟蹤僅有少量氣象站的地區(qū)的暴風雨方面取得了很大的收獲”(Withtheuseofelectronicinstrumentsandearthsatellites,enormousgainshavetakenplacerecentlyinidentifyingandtrackingstormsoverregionswhichhavebutfewmeteorologicalstations),選項D“提供給科學家們在其他方面不容易獲得的信息”符合題意。
第4題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“實驗正在哪些方面操作?”文章最后一段最后一句話提到“大量實驗正在為了氣象改造而被進行著”(Extensiveexperimentsarealsoinprogressforweathermodificationstudies),因此選項A“操縱天氣”符合題意。
第5題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“為什么說氣象圖是氣象學?”文章第二段提到“氣象圖包含著大量關于天氣情況的信息,這些天氣情況在觀察時間存在于一個大的地理區(qū)域上”(Weathermapscontainanenormousamountofinformationaboutweatherconditionsexistingatthetimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalarea),選項A“包含很多信息”符合題意。
11.單選題
Scientificintegrityisasmuchamatterofself-interestasitisof(
).
問題1選項
A.self-esteem
B.self-deceiving
C.selfishness
D.self-improvement
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。self-esteem“自尊;自負;自大”;self-deceiving“自欺的”;selfishness“自私自利”;self-improvement“自我改善;自我修養(yǎng)”。句意:科學誠信有關尊嚴,更是與自身利益有關的事情。選項A符合題意。
12.單選題
Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.
AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.
Imitatingthebrain'sneural(神經的)networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”,heexplains,“butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves.”Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.
Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.
1.Theauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftoday(
).
2.Thenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchstemsfrom
(
).
3.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormouseffortsto
(
).
4.What’stheauthor'sopinionaboutthenewAImovement?
5.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase“theonlygameintown”(Line3,Para.4)?
問題1選項
A.arecapableofreliablyrecognizingtheshapeofanobject.
B.areclosetoexhibitinghumanlikebehavior
C.arenotverydifferentintheirperformancefromthoseofthe50s
D.stillcannotcommunicatewithpeopleinahumanlanguage
問題2選項
A.theshiftofthefocusofstudyontotherecognitionoftheshapesofobjects
B.thebeliefthathumanintelligencecannotbeduplicatedwithlogicalstep-by-stepprograms
C.theaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatetheintelligenceofaten-month-oldchild
D.theeffortsmadebyscientistsinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetweentransistorsandbraincells.
問題3選項
A.findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputers
B.buildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitches
C.findouthowintelligencedevelopedinnature
D.separatethehighestandmostabstractlevelsofthought
問題4選項
A.Ithascreatedasensationamongartificialintelligenceresearchersbutwillsoondieout.
B.It'sbreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtprocesses.
C.It'smorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientificeffort.
D.Itmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyissureofitsfutureprospects.
問題5選項
A.Theonlyapproachtobuildinganartificiallyintelligentcomputer.
B.Theonlywayforthemtowinaprizeinartificialintelligenceresearch.
C.Theonlyareaworthstudyingincomputerscience.
D.Theonlygametheywouldliketoplayintown.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:A
【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段最后兩句話提到“盡管電腦很有用,但是它們還不能像早期期待那樣擁有像人類一樣的行為。更不用說像談話這樣復雜的行為:最厲害的計算機也很難分辨出圖形,而這還只是一個十個月大的人類嬰兒就能做到的事情”(Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid),由此可知電腦并不會談話,選項D“不能用語言與人類進行交流”符合題意。
第2題:細節(jié)事實題。文章第三段最后兩句話提到“康納德認為許多大腦的能力源自于每個腦細胞的單個分子的模式識別能力。制作人工智能設備最好的方法是用大致相同的分子技術”(Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills),由此可知選項B“認為人工智能不能用一步一步的邏輯來復制”符合題意。
第3題:推理判斷題。文章第三段最后兩句話提到“康納德認為許多大腦的能力源自于每個腦細胞的單個分子的模式識別能力。制作人工智能設備最好的方法是用大致相同的分子技術”(Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills),由此可知選項C“發(fā)現智力在本質上是怎么形成的”符合題意。
第4題:細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段最后一句話提到“早期努力的結果即充滿希望又很奇特,以自然人工智能為基礎的研究發(fā)展雖然緩慢,但卻成為該領域的前沿”(Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield),由此可知,新人工智能的前景不明確,但是依舊是前沿;以及第三段第一句提到“康納德認為計算機模仿大腦神經網絡是朝正確方向的一大步”(Imitatingthebrain'sneural(神經的)networkisahugestepintherightdirection)。因此選項D“這個方向被證明是對的,雖然沒人能肯定其前景”符合題意。
第5題:推理判斷題。文章第三段最后一句話提到“康拉德宣稱制造人工智能裝置最好的方法是用大致相同的分子技術”(Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills),選項A符合題意。
13.單選題
130yearslater,thissinglewallstillstandshereinmute(
)totheRevolutionofParisCommunein1873.
問題1選項
A.testimony
B.memory
C.tribute
D.evidence
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。testimony“證詞;證據”;memory“記憶;內存”;tribute“致敬;悼念”;evidence“證據;證明”。句意:130年后,這面墻仍然站在那里默默見證1873年的巴黎公社革命。選項A符合題意。
14.單選題
MissTracymovedtoNewYorkintheearly1960s,apparentlytoescapejealousfriendswhowerebecomingincreasingly(
)ofhersuccess.
問題1選項
A.delightful
B.graceful
C.resentful
D.respectful
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。delightful“可愛的;令人愉快的”;graceful“優(yōu)雅的”;resentful“氣憤的;厭惡的”;respectful“恭敬的;有禮貌的”。句意:特雷西女士在20世紀六十年早期搬到了紐約,明顯是為了逃離那些對她的成功嫉恨的朋友。選項C符合題意。
15.單選題
Thestudentsareallfrom(
)countries,suchasSingapore,India,KoreanandJapan.
問題1選項
A.developing
B.oriental
C.island
D.Christian
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。developing“發(fā)展中的”;oriental“東方的;東方人的”;island“島的”;Christian“基督教的;信基督教的”。句意:這些學生都來自東方國家,比如新加坡、印度、韓國、還有日本。選項B符合題意。
16.單選題
Itmustguidepublicopinion,afterpresenting(
)bothsidesofeveryissueandpointingouttoreaderswhatmeasuresseemtopromisethegreatergoodforthegreaternumber.
問題1選項
A.inquisitively
B.inconceivably
C.appallingly
D.impartially
【答案】D
【解析】考查副詞辨析題。inquisitively“好問地,過分好奇地”;inconceivably“不可思議地”;appallingly“使人驚駭地”;impartially“公正地”。句意:公平地展現每個問題的兩面并向讀者指出什么樣的方式能夠保證絕大部分人的利益,這樣就肯定能引導公眾輿論。選項D符合題意。
17.單選題
IsupposeyouarenotleavingforBeijingtoday,(
)?
問題1選項
A.areyou
B.doyou
C.aren’tyou
D.don’tyou
【答案】A
【解析】考查反義疑問句。句中“Isuppose”是一個插入語,陳述部分“youarenot…”是否定意義,因此疑問部分應該用肯定意義,選項A符合題意。
18.單選題
Beingbothspoiledandlazy,theboy(
)everyoneelseforhislackofsuccess.
問題1選項
A.criticized
B.blamed
C.charged
D.accused
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配。criticize“批評”;blame“責備,歸咎于”;charge“控訴,告誡”;accuse“控告,譴責”。blame常與for連用;charge后跟for;accuse后接of。根據“forhislackofsuccess”可知選項B符合題意。
19.單選題
TheUnitedNationsSecurityCouncilestablishedtheICTRin1995totrytheallegedperpetratorsofthe1994(
)inRwandathatclaimedthelivesofmorethan800,000people.
問題1選項
A.genocide
B.immigration
C.discrimination
D.election
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。genocide“種族滅絕,種族屠殺”;immigration“移民”;discrimination“歧視,區(qū)別”;election“選舉;當選”。句意:聯合國安理會于1995年建立了盧旺達國際刑事法庭,來審判1994年導致八十多萬人死亡的盧旺達大屠殺中被指控的兇手。選項A符合題意。
20.單選題
Intheory,governmentsarefreetosettheirowneconomicpolicies;inpractice,theymustconformtoaglobaleconomicmodelorriskbeing(
)bythemarket.
問題1選項
A.replaced
B.overlooked
C.saturated
D.penalized
【答案】D
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。replace“代替;更換”;overlook“忽略;俯瞰;遠眺;檢查”;saturate“使?jié)裢?;使飽和”;penalize“懲罰”。句意:理論上,政府有制定經濟政策的自由;實際上,他們必須遵守國際經濟模式或冒險被市場懲罰。選項D符合題意。
21.單選題
FromWillink’s(
)manner,peoplecantellthatheisofroyalbirth.
問題1選項
A.boorish
B.regal
C.rude
D.vulgar
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。boorish“粗野的;粗魯的”;regal“王室的;莊嚴的;豪華的”;rude“粗魯的;無禮的”;vulgar“粗俗的;通俗的”。句意:從威克林王室的舉止來看,人們能判斷他出生皇室。選項B符合題意。
22.單選題
“Doyouwanttoseemydriver’slicenseormypassport?”
“Oh,(
)."
問題1選項
A.eitherdoeswell
B.eitheronewilldo
C.eachoneisgood
D.eachwillbefine
【答案】B
【解析】考查時態(tài)。Either表示“兩者中的任何一個”,each表示“兩者中的每一個”。因此根據題干可知應該用either,時態(tài)應是將來時,所以選項B符合題意。
23.單選題
Much(
)Ihavetraveled,Ihaveneverseenanyonetoequalherinthoroughness,whateverthejob.
問題1選項
A.when
B.more
C.farther
D.as
【答案】D
【解析】考查倒裝結構。這是由as引導的讓步狀語從句結構,需要倒裝,但不是主謂倒裝而是將被強調的內容放在句首,選項D符合題意。
24.單選題
Whenwecreditthesuccessfulpeoplewithintelligence,physicalstrengthorgoodluck,wearemakingexcusesforourselvesbecausewefall(
)inallthree.
問題1選項
A.rare
B.lacking
C.short
D.scarce
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。rare“稀罕的”;lacking“缺乏的;匱乏的”;short“缺乏的”;scarce“不足的”。句意:當我們知曉成功人士擁有智力、體力和好運時,我們在為自己找借口,因為我們缺少這三樣。fallshort固定搭配,意思是“缺乏”,選項C符合題意。
25.單選題
Duringtheoilcrisisofthe1970s,manystates(
)speedlimitstoreducegasolineuse.
問題1選項
A.implanted
B.imposed
C.impaired
D.impressed
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。implant“種植;灌輸”;impose“強加,征稅”;impair“損害;削弱”;impress“蓋印;給人留下印象”。句意:在1970石油危機期間,很多州強制限速來減少對石油的消耗。選項B符合題意。
26.單選題
Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute(
)ofthesightsandsoundsthatfalluponoursenseorgans;thegreatmajoritypassusby.
問題1選項
A.fiction
B.function
C.fraction
D.friction
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fiction“小說,虛構的事”;function“功能,職能”;fraction“小部分,少量”;friction“摩擦,沖突”。句意:我們只能察覺到被我們感官所接收的很少一部分的景象和聲音,而忽視了大部分。選項C符合題意。
27.單選題
Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis(1)tosayitanyway.Heisthat
(2)
bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently
(3)
anyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot
(4)thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.
Evenhe,however,mighttrembleatthe
(5)
ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly
(6)
thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.Thegroupin
(7)
areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnaturalselection.
ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,scoring12-15pointsabovethe
(8)
valueof100,andhavecontributeddisproportionatelytotheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe
(9)
oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,affirmtheyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,
(10)
havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeen
(11)
socialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionofvaluingeducation.Thelatterwasseenasa(n)
(12)
ofgeneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately(13)
.Hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas
(14)
themtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis
(15)
stateofaffairs.
問題1選項
A.selected
B.prepared
C.obliged
D.pleased
問題2選項
A.unique
B.particular
C.special
D.rare
問題3選項
A.of
B.with
C.in
D.against
問題4選項
A.subsequently
B.presently
C.previously
D.lately
問題5選項
A.thought
B.sight
C.cost
D.risk
問題6選項
A.advises
B.suggests
C.protests
D.objects
問題7選項
A.progress
B.fact
C.need
D.question
問題8選項
A.normal
B.common
C.mean
D.total
問題9選項
A.missions
B.fortunes
C.interests
D.careers
問題10選項
A.moreover
B.therefore
C.however
D.meanwhile
問題11選項
A.givenup
B.gotover
C.carriedon
D.getdown
問題12選項
A.development
B.origin
C.consequence
D.instrument
問題13選項
A.linked
B.integrated
C.woven
D.combined
問題14選項
A.limited
B.subjected
C.converted
D.directed
問題15選項
A.paradoxical
B.incompatible
C.inevitable
D.continuous
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:A
第6題:B
第7題:D
第8題:C
第9題:D
第10題:C
第11題:C
第12題:C
第13題:A
第14題:B
第15題:A
【解析】第1題:考查固定搭配。空格處前面一句提到“有些人可能比其他人聰明,這種觀點是一種不敢冠之以名的假設”,由“but”這個轉折詞可知GregoryCochran打算就這個觀點闡述自己的道理,bepreparedto是固定搭配,意思是“準備做……”,選項B符合題意。
第2題:考查固定搭配。Rarebird是固定搭配,意思是“稀有之人或物”。根據后文“ascientistwhoworksindependently”(一個獨自工作的科學家),可知選項D符合題意。
第3題:考查固定搭配。Independentlyofsth.的意思是“獨立于……之外”。選項A符合題意。
第4
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