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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

TheTimberrattlesnakeisnowontheendangeredspecieslist,andisextinctintwoeasternstatesinwhichitonce________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thrived

B.swelled

C.prospered

D.flourished

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“興盛,繁榮”;B選項(xiàng)“腫脹”;C選項(xiàng)“繁榮,昌盛”;D選項(xiàng)“繁榮,茂盛”。句意:木材響尾蛇現(xiàn)在已被列入瀕危物種名單,并且已經(jīng)在東部?jī)蓚€(gè)州滅絕了,而這兩個(gè)州曾經(jīng)有()這個(gè)物種。根據(jù)句意這里應(yīng)該填繁盛。thrive指物(包括動(dòng)物和植物)的繁殖興盛;而prosper指的是經(jīng)濟(jì)或國(guó)力方面的繁榮;flourish指植物生長(zhǎng)茂盛。根據(jù)詞義辨析這里要選A。

2.單選題

Thesolutionworksonlyforcoupleswhoareself-employed,don’thavesmallchildrenandgetalong________tospendmostoftheirtimetogether.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sowell

B.toowell

C.wellas

D.wellenough

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:這個(gè)解決方案只對(duì)那些自由工作者,沒(méi)有小孩且在一起的時(shí)候大部分時(shí)間都相處得()的夫妻來(lái)說(shuō)有用。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)這里詞意要填“很好”,所以不能選B選項(xiàng),因?yàn)閠oo…to是“太……而不能”;C,D選項(xiàng)則會(huì)把因果倒置“因?yàn)橄嗵幍煤盟源蟛糠謺r(shí)間待在一起”。so…to“太……而”這個(gè)搭配與too…to的意思相對(duì),答案選A。

3.單選題

Inthenextfewyearsmajorchangeswillbe(

)inChina’sindustries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.broughtforward

B.broughtabout

C.broughton

D.broughtup

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)broughtforward“提議”;B選項(xiàng)broughtabout“導(dǎo)致;使掉頭;發(fā)生”;C選項(xiàng)broughton“導(dǎo)致,引起”;D選項(xiàng)broughtup“提出,撫養(yǎng)”。句意:在接下來(lái)的幾年,主要的變化將()在中國(guó)的工業(yè)。這里結(jié)合選項(xiàng),空格處應(yīng)該填發(fā)生,所以答案選B。

4.單選題

Afterseveralnucleardisasters,a(

)hasragedoverthesafetyofnuclearenergy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.quarrel

B.suspicion

C.verdict

D.controversy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)quarrel“爭(zhēng)執(zhí)”;B選項(xiàng)suspicion“懷疑”C選項(xiàng)verdict“結(jié)論,裁定”;D選項(xiàng)controversy“辯論,論戰(zhàn)”。句意:在幾次核事故后,()在關(guān)于核能源安全問(wèn)題上的()開(kāi)始激烈。這里根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞rage,固而答案選D。quarrel是指人與人之間相互產(chǎn)生了不愉快的事情產(chǎn)生的爭(zhēng)論、吵架,所以不能選。

5.單選題

Theprofessorrequiredthatwe(

)ourresearchreportsbyWednesday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willhandin

B.musthandin

C.hadtohandin

D.weshouldhandin

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意:教授要求我們必須在周三之前上交我們的調(diào)查報(bào)告。這里的require表要求時(shí),后面要接should+動(dòng)詞原形,所以答案選D。

6.單選題

Hewasona________ofjudgesforafamousliteraryprize.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.group

B.team

C.panel

D.lot

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“團(tuán)體”;B選項(xiàng)“團(tuán)隊(duì)”;C選項(xiàng)“專(zhuān)家咨詢組”;D選項(xiàng)“組,群”。句意:他Group是有某種聯(lián)系的團(tuán)體aminoritygroup“少數(shù)群體”;Team指一種因?yàn)楣ぷ骰蛘吣撤N原因組合在一起與另一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)而組成的團(tuán)隊(duì)比如Afootballteam;panel則是一群有專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)的人組合起來(lái)研討或者評(píng)價(jià)某事的小組anadvisorypanel“顧問(wèn)組”;lot則單純指一群,既可指人也可指物,Whatdoyoulotwant?“你們這幫人想要怎么樣?”。從題意的judges看,答案選C選項(xiàng)。

7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

The“standardofliving”ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson’sshareofthegoodsandserviceswhichthecountryproduces.Acountry’sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostitscapacitytoproducewealth.“Wealth”inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:“goods”suchasfood,clothing,and“services”suchastransportandentertainment.

Acountry’scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactors,mostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry’snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andothermineral,watersupplyandsoon.Someregionsoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhaveafertilesoilandafavorableclimate;otherregionspossessperhapsonlyoneofthesethings,andsomeregionspossessnoneofthem.TheU.S.Aisoneofthewealthiestregionsoftheworldbecauseshehasvastnaturalresourceswithinherborders,hersoilisfertile,andherclimateisvaried.TheSaharaDesert,ontheotherhand,isoneoftheleastwealthy.

Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse.ChinaisperhapsaswelloffastheU.S.A.innaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonswasunabletodevelopherresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountry’speople.Oldcountriesthathave,throughmanycenturies,trainedupnumerousskilledcraftsmenandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled.Wealthalsoproduceswealth.Asacountrybecomeswealthier,itspeoplehavealargemarginforsaving,andcanputtheirsavingsintofactoriesandmachineswhichwillhelpworkerstoturnoutmoregoodsintheirworkingday.

1.Acountry’swealthdependsupon(

).

2.Theword“foremost”underlinedmeans(

).

3.Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisthat(

).

4.Thethirdparagraphmentionssomeoftheadvantageswhichonecountrymayhaveoveranotherinmakinguseofitsresources.Howmanysuchadvantagesarementionedinthisparagraph?

5.ThesecondsentenceinParagraph3is(

).

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itsstandardofliving

B.itsmoney

C.itsabilitytoprovidegoodsandservices

D.itsabilitytoprovidetransportandentertainment

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.mostimportantly

B.firstly

C.largely

D.forthemostpart

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.acountry’swealthdependsonmanyfactors

B.theU.S.Aisoneofthewealthiestcountriesintheworld

C.theSaharaDesertisaverypoorregion

D.naturalresourcesareanimportantfactorinthewealthorpovertyofacountry

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.2

B.3

C.4

D.5

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.themainideaoftheparagraph

B.anexamplesupportingthemainideaoftheparagraph

C.theconclusionoftheparagraph

D.notrelatedtotheparagraph

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:一個(gè)國(guó)家的財(cái)富取決于……。A選項(xiàng)“生活水平”;B選項(xiàng)“他們的金錢(qián)”;C選項(xiàng)“他們提供商品和服務(wù)的能力”;D選項(xiàng)“他們提供交通和娛樂(lè)的能力”。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句話“Wealth”inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:“goods”suchasfood,clothing,and“services”suchastransportandentertainment.(在這個(gè)意義上,“財(cái)富”不是錢(qián),因?yàn)槲覀儾皇强垮X(qián)生活,而是靠錢(qián)能買(mǎi)到的東西:“商品”如食物、衣服,“服務(wù)”如交通和娛樂(lè)),由此,不能選A,答案選C。

第2題:詞義推測(cè)題。A選項(xiàng)“最重要地”;B選項(xiàng)“第一地”;C選項(xiàng)“大部分地”;D選項(xiàng)“在很大程度上”根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第二句Acountry’sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostitscapacitytoproducewealth.(因此,一個(gè)國(guó)家的生活水平首先也最重要的是取決于它創(chuàng)造財(cái)富的能力。)這里foremost在文中是最重要的意思,所以答案選A。

第3題:主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)國(guó)家的財(cái)富取決于很多要素”;B選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)是世界上最富有的國(guó)家之一”;C選項(xiàng)“撒哈拉沙漠是一個(gè)貧窮的地區(qū)”;D選項(xiàng)“自然資源是一個(gè)國(guó)家貧困或者富有的一個(gè)重要因素”。第二段的主旨句是第二句話Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry’snaturalresources…(一個(gè)國(guó)家的財(cái)富在很大程度上取決于其自然資源……),后面的句子都是圍繞自然資源對(duì)一個(gè)國(guó)家財(cái)富的貢獻(xiàn)展開(kāi)的,所以答案選D。其余選項(xiàng)在第二段雖然有提及但是不是主旨句。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干第三段提到了一個(gè)國(guó)家在利用其資源方面可能比另一個(gè)國(guó)家具有的一些優(yōu)勢(shì)。在這一段中提到了很多這樣的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二、三、五句話Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.…trainedupnumerousskilledcraftsmenandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled.Wealthalsoproduceswealth.(良好和穩(wěn)定的政治條件,以及不受外國(guó)入侵的自由,使一個(gè)國(guó)家能夠和平和穩(wěn)定地開(kāi)發(fā)其自然資源,并比另一個(gè)同樣受到自然服務(wù)但秩序較差的國(guó)家創(chuàng)造更多的財(cái)富?!囵B(yǎng)出大量熟練技工和技術(shù)人員的國(guó)家比那些工人大多沒(méi)有技能的國(guó)家更有能力創(chuàng)造財(cái)富。財(cái)富也會(huì)產(chǎn)生財(cái)富。),穩(wěn)定的政治環(huán)境,熟練的技術(shù),自身的財(cái)富積累,第三段列舉了這三個(gè)原因,所以答案選B。戰(zhàn)火或者敵國(guó)入侵是政局不穩(wěn)定的原因。

第5題:判斷推理題。A選項(xiàng)“該段的主旨”;B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)支持段落主旨的例子”;C選項(xiàng)“段落的結(jié)論”;D選項(xiàng)“與段落無(wú)關(guān)”。根據(jù)文章定位到第三段第二句話ChinaisperhapsaswelloffastheU.S.A.innaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonswasunabletodevelopherresources.(中國(guó)也許和美國(guó)一樣擁有豐富的自然資源,但是遭受了多年的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)和外部戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),由于這個(gè)和其他原因,無(wú)法開(kāi)發(fā)它的資源)。從句是在描述一個(gè)事情所以不可能是主旨或者結(jié)論,一個(gè)段落中的句子不可能和句子無(wú)關(guān),所以答案選B。該句主旨句為Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse.(僅次于自然資源的是利用它們的能力。),緊接著第二句就是中美之間的例子,由此可知這第二句是支持論點(diǎn)的論據(jù)。

8.單選題

Aburningmatchappliedtopaperwillmakeit(

).

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.heatup

B.catchfire

C.disintegrate

D.glow

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“加熱”;B選項(xiàng)“著火”;C選項(xiàng)“分解”;D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)光,發(fā)紅”。句意:燃燒的火柴放在紙上會(huì)讓紙()。根據(jù)生活常識(shí),燃燒的物品放在紙上肯定是會(huì)讓紙燃燒的,所以答案選B。

9.單選題

Theexamination(

)veryeasyifallstudentspassed.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.musthavebeen

B.hasbeen

C.was

D.oughttobe

【答案】A

【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。A選項(xiàng)“肯定”;B選項(xiàng)“過(guò)去完成時(shí)”;C選項(xiàng)“過(guò)去”;D選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該”。句意:試卷()很容易如果所有學(xué)生都通過(guò)了。musthavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去的肯定的推測(cè),答案選A。后面的從句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),所以不能選D,D是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

10.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Likemostparents,geologistBrianAtwaterworriesabouthisdaughter’ssafety.Butthesedays,hehasanunusualconcern:thepublicschoolsheattendsinSeattlehasun-reinforcedmasonrywalls,constructionnotoriousforcollapsingduringearthquakes.Thesametypeofwallscrushedhundredsofthousandsofpeopleduringthe1976TangshanquakeinChina.

Adecadeago,Atwaterwouldhavepaidlittlenoticetoschoolroomwalls.Butoverthelastseveralyears,heandotherscientistshavefounddisturbingsignsthatthePacificNorthwesthasexperiencedgiantquakesinthedistantpastandthattheareamaybeheadedforacatastrophicshockinthenearordistantfuture.

AtameetingoftheAmericanGeophysicalUnioninDecember,researchersdiscussedtherecentlyuncoveredevidenceofquakepotentialinthePacificNorthwest.Whilesomeremainunconvincedthathugeearthquakes—withmagnitudesof8orhigher—doindeedstrikethisregion,agrowingnumberconsidersuchshocksaseriouspossibility.

What’sworrisome,theysay,isthatnorthwesterncitiessuchasPortland,SeattleandVancouverhavenotpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude,whichcouldrattletheregion’spopulationcenterswithenoughforcetomaketherecentSanFranciscoareadamageseemmildincomparison.

“Ithinkit’squitetruetosaythatnothing(intheseareas)hasreallybeendesignedwithoneoftheseearthquakesinmind,”saysseismologistPaulSomervilleofWoodward—ClydeConsultantsinPasadenaCalif.Atthemeeting,SomervilleandhiscolleaguespresentedestimatesofthedegreeofshakingPortlandandSeattlewouldsufferduringamassiveearthquake.

1.Duringthe1976TangshanearthquakeinChina,hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerekilledby(

).

2.ItisimpliedinParagraph2that(

).

3.Theword“shock”meansthesameas(

).

4.Whatdoestheword“mild”inParagraph4mean?

5.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fire

B.un-strengthenedbrickandstonebuildings

C.masonrywalls

D.un-reinforcedconcretewalls

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Mr.Atwaterloveshisdaughterverymuch

B.Mr.AtwaterandotherscientistspayattentiontosignsofearthquakesinthePacificNorthwest

C.theearthquakeswillstrikenorthwesterncities

D.Mr.Atwaterhasbeenconcernedalotoverschoolroomsforthepastseveralyears

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.quake

B.violenceforce

C.attack

D.crash

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.soft

B.nothard

C.notsevere

D.gentle

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThepublicschoolwhereMr.Atwater’sdaughterstudieshasschoolroomseasytodestroyduringamassiveearthquake.

B.Whilesomescientistsstilldon’tbelievethathugequakeswilloccurinPacificNorthwest,moreandmorescientistsfeelcertain.

C.SomervilleandhiscolleaguesmadeajudgmentonthelosssufferedinSeattleduringthenextearthquake.

D.Theresearchersareworriedthatnorthwesterncitieshaven’tmadeanypreparationsagainstsuchahugequake.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第一段最后一、二句話...thepublicschoolsheattendsinSeattlehasun-reinforcedmasonrywalls,constructionnotoriousforcollapsingduringearthquakes.Thesametypeofwallscrushedhundredsofthousandsofpeopleduringthe1976TangshanquakeinChina.(她在西雅圖就讀的公立學(xué)校有未加固的磚墻,這種建筑因在地震中倒塌而臭名昭著。相同類(lèi)型的墻在1976年的唐山大地震壓死了成百上千人)。第二步綜合理解,這里un-reinforcedmasonrywalls與選C相符,所以答案選C。

A選項(xiàng)“火”,在文中都沒(méi)有提到屬于無(wú)中生有。

B選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有加固的磚石建筑”,對(duì)應(yīng)原文第一段最后一二句話,但是此處講的是un-reinforcedmasonrywalls不是brickandstonebuilding,此處屬于張冠李戴,所以不選;

D選項(xiàng)“無(wú)鋼筋混凝土墻”,此處講的是masonrywalls不是concretewalls,此處也屬于張冠李戴,所以不選。

第2題:推理判斷題。第一步,找句內(nèi)線索,定位到第二段第二句Butoverthelastseveralyears,heandotherscientistshavefounddisturbingsignsthatthePacificNorthwesthasexperiencedgiantquakesinthedistantpastandthattheareamaybeheadedforacatastrophicshockinthenearordistantfuture.(但在過(guò)去幾年里,他和其他科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了令人不安的跡象,太平洋西北部在很久以前經(jīng)歷過(guò)巨大的地震并且在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái),該地區(qū)可能會(huì)遭受災(zāi)難性的沖擊),第二步綜合理解,定位句和B選項(xiàng)“愛(ài)德華和其他科學(xué)家注意到了南太平洋地震的預(yù)兆”;是同意轉(zhuǎn)換,所以答案選B。

A選項(xiàng)“愛(ài)德華先生非常愛(ài)他的女兒”,第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到文章第一段第一句Likemostparents,geologistBrianAtwaterworriesabouthisdaughter’ssafety(和大多數(shù)父母一樣,地質(zhì)學(xué)家布萊恩?阿特沃特?fù)?dān)心女兒的安全。)但是題干的要求是第二段可以推斷出什么,這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤;

C選項(xiàng)“地震將會(huì)襲擊西北城市”,可以定位到第二段第二句(見(jiàn)上文)。第二步綜合理解,這里的thearea指的是thePacificNorthwest不是northwestcities,這里屬于張冠李戴。

D選項(xiàng)“在過(guò)去幾年,愛(ài)德華一直在關(guān)注學(xué)校教室”,第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第一段第二句Butthesedays,hehasanunusualconcern:thepublicschoolsheattendsinSeattlehasun-reinforcedmasonrywalls,constructionnotoriousforcollapsingduringearthquakes(但這些天,他有一個(gè)不同尋常的擔(dān)憂:她在西雅圖上的公立學(xué)校有未加固的磚石墻,這種建筑因在地震中倒塌而臭名昭著),這里雖然愛(ài)德華確實(shí)擔(dān)心這種墻會(huì)倒,但是不是第二段的內(nèi)容,這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤。

第3題:詞匯推斷題。第一步,句中前后信息銜接,根據(jù)題干定位到heandotherscientistshavefounddisturbingsignsthatNorthwesthasexperiencedgiantquakesinthedistantpastandthattheareamaybeheadedforacatastrophicshockinthenearordistantfuture(他和其他科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了令人不安的跡象,太平洋西北部在很久以前經(jīng)歷過(guò)巨大的地震并且在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái),該地區(qū)可能會(huì)遭受災(zāi)難性的沖擊)and連接兩個(gè)并列的定語(yǔ)從句,inthedistancepast和inthenearfuture,以及northwest和thearea,這里可能講的是發(fā)生在這塊西北區(qū)的同一件事,不過(guò)一件已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)了,而另一件快要發(fā)生了。第二步,上下文語(yǔ)義銜接,上文提到了有跡象表明太平洋西北地區(qū)以前發(fā)生過(guò)地震,在不久的將來(lái)這里又要發(fā)生了,所以shock是上文quake的同義替換,所以答案選A選項(xiàng)quake“發(fā)抖,震動(dòng)”;

B選項(xiàng)violenceforce“暴力”,文中沒(méi)有提及暴力,屬于無(wú)中生有。

C選項(xiàng)attack“攻擊”,文中沒(méi)有提及攻擊,屬于無(wú)中生有。

D選項(xiàng)crash“碰撞,倒塌”,文中沒(méi)有提及碰撞,屬于無(wú)中生有。

第4題:詞匯推斷題。第一步,句中前后信息銜接,根據(jù)文章定位到四段整句話What’sworrisome,theysay,isthatnorthwesterncitiessuchasPortland,SeattleandVancouverhavenotpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude,whichcouldrattletheregion’spopulationcenterswithenoughforcetomaketherecentSanFranciscoareadamageseemmildincomparison.(他們說(shuō),令人擔(dān)憂的是,波特蘭、西雅圖和溫哥華等西北城市還沒(méi)有為這種級(jí)別的地震做好準(zhǔn)備。這種地震可能會(huì)對(duì)該地區(qū)的人口中心造成足夠大的震動(dòng),使舊金山地區(qū)最近遭受的破壞相比之下顯得比較輕微);第二步,上下文語(yǔ)義銜接,mild前面連接的信息是SanFranciscoareadamage,后面連接的信息是incomparison。就可以看出,這里是在做比較,比較兩個(gè)災(zāi)難的嚴(yán)重性。上文還提到了what’sworrisome以及notpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude,這里說(shuō)明前面的地震要比后面的破壞更加嚴(yán)重,所以后面的破壞相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)就不是那么嚴(yán)重了,所以答案選C選項(xiàng);

A選項(xiàng)“柔軟的”,不能用來(lái)修飾“破壞”,這里屬于反向干擾;

B選項(xiàng)“不困難的”,不能用來(lái)修飾“破壞”,這里屬于反向干擾;

D選項(xiàng)“溫柔的,紳士的”,不能用來(lái)修飾“破壞”,這里屬于反向干擾。

第5題:推理判斷題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,根據(jù)選項(xiàng)定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第二句話Atthemeeting,SomervilleandhiscolleaguespresentedestimatesofthedegreeofshakingPortlandandSeattlewouldsufferduringamassiveearthquake.(在會(huì)議上,薩默維爾和他的同事們對(duì)波特蘭和西雅圖在大地震中可能遭受的震動(dòng)程度進(jìn)行了估計(jì))。第二步綜合理解,科學(xué)家薩默維爾預(yù)估的是震動(dòng)的等級(jí)而不是地震中受到的損失,這里屬于張冠李戴,所以C選項(xiàng)“薩默維爾和他的同事對(duì)西雅圖在下一次地震中遭受的損失作出了判斷”錯(cuò)誤,答案選C;

A選項(xiàng)“阿特沃特的女兒就讀的公立學(xué)校的教室在大地震中很容易被摧毀”,第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第一段第二句話thepublicschoolsheattendsinSeattlehasun-reinforcedmasonrywalls,constructionnotoriousforcollapsingduringearthquakes.(她在西雅圖就讀的公立學(xué)校有未加固的磚石墻,這種建筑因在地震中倒塌而臭名昭著),從這個(gè)句可以看出,A選項(xiàng)正確,所以不選;

B選項(xiàng)“雖然一些科學(xué)家仍然不相信太平洋西北部會(huì)發(fā)生大地震,但越來(lái)越多的科學(xué)家感覺(jué)會(huì)”,第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,根據(jù)選項(xiàng)定位到第三段最后一句話Whilesomeremainunconvincedthathugeearthquakes—withmagnitudesof8orhigher—doindeedstrikethisregion,agrowingnumberconsidersuchshocksaseriouspossibility.(雖然有些人仍然不相信8級(jí)或更高的大地震確實(shí)會(huì)襲擊這個(gè)地區(qū),但越來(lái)越多的人認(rèn)為這種地震是有很大的可能性的。),所以B選項(xiàng)不選;

D選項(xiàng)“研究人員擔(dān)心,西北城市還沒(méi)有為應(yīng)對(duì)如此巨大的地震做任何準(zhǔn)備”,第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,根據(jù)第四段第一句話What’sworrisome,theysay,isthatnorthwesterncitiessuchasPortland,SeattleandVancouverhavenotpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude(他們說(shuō),令人擔(dān)憂的是,波特蘭、西雅圖和溫哥華等西北城市還沒(méi)有為這種級(jí)別的地震做好準(zhǔn)備)選項(xiàng)D正確,不選。

11.單選題

Effectivepreventionagainstphysicalharmshasneverbeen________urgentlyneeded,especiallyinschools.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.more

B.as

C.such

D.quite

【答案】A

【解析】考查比較用法。句意:有效預(yù)防人身傷害從來(lái)沒(méi)有()迫切需要,特別是在學(xué)校。A選項(xiàng)more是比較副詞,當(dāng)一個(gè)句子沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)對(duì)比對(duì)象時(shí),可以用比較級(jí)來(lái)表示最高級(jí)。B選項(xiàng)as作副詞的詞義為“和……一樣”,放入句中不符合邏輯;C選項(xiàng)such“如此的”后面一般接名詞,這個(gè)地方如果想表達(dá)“如此的”意思時(shí)應(yīng)該用so;D選項(xiàng)quite是程度副詞“十分”,把D選項(xiàng)代入到句子中,整個(gè)句子將不符合邏輯,有效預(yù)防人身傷害從來(lái)沒(méi)有十分迫切需要。因此答案選A。

12.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelinesonFridayfordoctorconductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients.Thepanelurgeddoctorstoapplytheguidelinesinanalyzingthemassesofpotentiallyusefulinformationaboutvarioustherapiesthatwerecollectedinthisyear’sepidemic.Muchofthatinformationhasnotbeenpublishedoranalyzed.

“Itisamatterofurgencytogetbetteranalysisandreview,”saidDr.SimonMardel,aWHOofficialwholedthetwo-daymeetingthatendedonFriday.HesaidthousandsofpotentialtherapiesandcompoundshadbeentestedsofarasresearcherstrytodeterminetreatmentsforSARS,orsevereacuterespiratorysyndrome.“WerecognizethathavingnotreatmentforSARSishinderingourabilitytocontrolanepidemicinsomanyways,”Hesaid.

Intheepidemicearlierthisyear,varioustreatments,likedrugstofightthevirusorstrengthentheimmunesystem,aswellastraditionalChinesemedicine,weredeliveredunderemergencyconditions,inwidelydifferentsettingandcountriestopatientssufferingfromvaryingstagesoftheillness.Thoseconditions—generallywithoutstandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations—havemadeithardtointerpretresults.

Standardsupportivetherapylikenursing,andinseverecasestheuseofmechanicalrespirators(呼吸器)tohelppatientsbreathe,isthemainstay(主要支持)ofSARScare,andhelpedmanypatientssurvive.ButdoctorsstilldonotknowhowbesttotreatSARSpatientswhohavebreathingdifficulties.Dr.Mardelsaid.Onemethodisinvasiveventilation.Asecondmethodinvolvesblowingoxygenintothelungsthroughamask.Bothcarrytheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees.Withoutproperanalysis,thepanelwasunabletosaydefinitivelywhichtreatmentworkedbest,orwhichcausedthemostharm.“Thereisalackofsharedinformation,”Dr.Mardelsaid,nothingthatalotofdatahavenotbeenpublished.

Thepanelalsoagreedonguidelinesthatwouldallowdoctorstoconductquickandsafeclinicaltrials,aprocessthatgenerallytakesyearstocomplete.TheworldHealthOrganization,aUnitedNationsagencydidnotreleasetheguidelines.Dr.Mardelsaidtheywereflexiblebecausenooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn.Expertsinmanycountrieshavealreadylistedthetreatmentstheywanttotest,andthehealthagencyisleavingthesedecisionstoindividualnations.

1.Guidelinesrecommendedbythescientificpanelcanbeusedfor(

).

2.Accordingtothepassage,itisdifficulttointerprettheresultsofcertaintreatmentsforSARSbecause(

).

3.Accordingtodoctors,thetwomethodstotreatSARSpatientswhohavebreathingdifficultiesboth(

).

4.AccordingtoaWHOofficial,Dr.Mardel,theguidelineswereflexiblebecause(

).

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gatheringpotentiallyusefulinformationaboutvarioustherapiescollected

B.conductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients

C.determiningtreatmentforSARS

D.publishingalltheinformationaboutSARS

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.patientswereindifferentcountries

B.patientsweregivenmedicinesinwidelydifferentsettings

C.patientswereatdifferentstagesoftheillness

D.theseconditionshadnostandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.carrytheriskofinfectinghospitalemployees

B.areeffectiveincuringpatientswhohavebreathingdifficulties

C.don’truntheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees

D.provetoworkeffectivelyandcausenoharm.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.SARSwouldreemergeinpoorcountries

B.nooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn

C.SARSwouldnotappearindevelopedcountries

D.nooneknewwhetherSARSwouldreturnornot

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.SARS,aDreadfulDisease

B.NoGoodMethodstoTreatSARS

C.SARSWillReturnOneDay

D.HealthpanelRecommendsNewGuidelinesonSARS

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:科學(xué)小組推薦的指南可以用于……。A選項(xiàng)“收集關(guān)于各種治療方法的潛在有用信息”;B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)SARS患者進(jìn)行臨床研究”;C選項(xiàng)“確定SARS的治療方法”;D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)布有關(guān)SARS的所有信息”。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段第一句AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelinesonFridayfordoctorconductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients.(上周五,世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)召集的一個(gè)科學(xué)小組向醫(yī)生推薦了對(duì)SARS患者進(jìn)行臨床研究的指導(dǎo)方針。)由此可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章,解釋SARS的某些治療結(jié)果是很難的,因?yàn)椤?。A選項(xiàng)“病人在不同的國(guó)家”;B選項(xiàng)“患者在不同的環(huán)境下服用藥物”;C選項(xiàng)“患者處于不同的疾病階段”;D選項(xiàng)“這些條件沒(méi)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的測(cè)量或控制情況”。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段第二句話Intheepidemicearlierthisyear,varioustreatments,…,weredeliveredunderemergencyconditions,inwidelydifferentsettingandcountriestopatientssufferingfromvaryingstagesoftheillness.Thoseconditions—generallywithoutstandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations—havemadeithardtointerpretresults.(在今年早些時(shí)候的疫情中,在不同的環(huán)境和國(guó)家,在緊急情況下,為不同階段的患者提供……各種治療。這些情況——通常沒(méi)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的測(cè)量或控制的情況——使得解釋結(jié)果變得困難),由此答案選D,其他選項(xiàng)是來(lái)描述在什么情況下患者接受了什么樣的治療,不是結(jié)果難以解釋的原因。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:根據(jù)醫(yī)生所說(shuō),兩種導(dǎo)致病人有呼吸困難的治療SARS的方法都……。A選項(xiàng)“有感染醫(yī)院?jiǎn)T工的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”;B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)有呼吸困難的病人有效”;C選項(xiàng)“不要冒將病毒傳染給醫(yī)院?jiǎn)T工的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”;D選項(xiàng)“證明有效,沒(méi)有造成傷害”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段倒數(shù)第三句Bothcarrytheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees(兩者都有將病毒傳播給醫(yī)院?jiǎn)T工的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)),因此答案選A。

第4題:【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:根據(jù)世衛(wèi)組織官員馬戴爾博士所說(shuō),這份指導(dǎo)方針很靈活因?yàn)椤選項(xiàng)“SARS將在貧窮國(guó)家重新出現(xiàn)”;B選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有人知道非典會(huì)在什么地方、什么時(shí)候、在什么情況下卷土重來(lái)”;C選項(xiàng)“非典不會(huì)出現(xiàn)在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家”;D選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有人知道非典是否會(huì)卷土重來(lái)”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段第三句話Dr.Mardelsaidtheywereflexiblebecausenooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn.(馬戴爾博士說(shuō),他們是靈活的,因?yàn)闆](méi)人知道非典會(huì)在什么時(shí)候、在什么地方卷土重來(lái)。),所以答案選B。

第5題:主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“SARS,一個(gè)可怕的病毒”;B選項(xiàng)“治療SARS沒(méi)有好的方法”;C選項(xiàng)“SARS總有一天會(huì)卷土重來(lái)”;D選項(xiàng)“健康小組推薦新的SARS指南”根據(jù)第一段第一句話和最后一段第一句話AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelineson…(由世界衛(wèi)生組織召集的一個(gè)科學(xué)小組建議的指導(dǎo)方針……)和Thepanelalsoagreedonguidelinesthat…(該小組還贊同指導(dǎo)方針……)可知全文圍繞的主題是指導(dǎo)方針,而不是如何治療SARS,所以答案選D。

13.翻譯題

Drinkingwaterandwaterfordomesticuseoftencomefromgroundwater.Inordertoprotectthiswater,localwaterauthoritiescanapplytolocaladministrativeauthoritiestomarkcertainlocationsaswaterprotectionareas.Thesizeoftheseareasiscalculatedinsuchawaythatthequantityofgroundwatertakenfromthemcorrespondstotheactualrainfallgoingintothem.Inthewaterprotectionareascertainusesofthelandandactivitiesonthelandarebannedorrestricted.Waterprotectionareasfallintothreezones.Zone3istheoutermostzonewithadiameterof4kilometersaroundthegroundwaterwell.Herenochemicalworksortheusesofpesticidesareallowed.Zone2isdeterminedaroundtheso-called50-dayline.Itisassumedthatafter50daystheharmfulbacteriainthegroundwaterwilldepositanddieoff.Heresettlementsandfertilizerstorageareforbidden.Zone1markstheten-meterboundaryaroundthewell.Here,anyuseoftheland,aswellasaccessbyunauthorizedpersons,isforbidden.

【答案】飲用水和生活用水通常來(lái)自地下水。為了保護(hù)這一水域,地方水務(wù)主管部門(mén)可以向地方行政主管部門(mén)申請(qǐng)將某些地點(diǎn)標(biāo)記為水保護(hù)區(qū)。這些地區(qū)的面積是這樣計(jì)算的:從這些地區(qū)抽取的地下水的數(shù)量與進(jìn)入這些地區(qū)的實(shí)際降雨量相對(duì)應(yīng)。在水保護(hù)區(qū),土地的用途是規(guī)定好的,而在土地上從事某種活動(dòng)是被禁止或限制的。水保護(hù)區(qū)分為三個(gè)區(qū)。第三區(qū)是最外圍的區(qū)域,在地下水井方圓4公里范圍內(nèi),這里不允許建立化工廠,使用殺蟲(chóng)劑。第二區(qū)大概是由所謂的50天線所決定的。普遍認(rèn)為地下水中的有害細(xì)菌在50天后會(huì)沉積并死亡。在第二區(qū)不準(zhǔn)建立住房或者肥料倉(cāng)庫(kù)。第一區(qū)是地下水井方圓十米的范圍。在這里,禁止任何土地使用活動(dòng)或者未經(jīng)授權(quán)的人進(jìn)入。

14.單選題

Somepeoplethinktheycanreadaman’s________fromhishandwriting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attribute

B.feature

C.property

D.character

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)attribute“屬性,特質(zhì)”;B選項(xiàng)feature“特色,特征”;C選項(xiàng)property“財(cái)產(chǎn)”;D選項(xiàng)character“性格,特性”。句意:一些人認(rèn)為他們可以從一個(gè)人的筆跡中看出這個(gè)人的()。從筆跡中看出來(lái)的是人的性格特點(diǎn),A,B,D都有性格的意思,但是attribute一般指一個(gè)群體的特性,比如說(shuō)Patienceisoneofthemostimportantattributesinateacher.(耐心是作為老師最重要的特性之一);feature指的是一種外顯的特征,一眼看得出來(lái)不需要推測(cè),比如說(shuō)Hereyesarehermoststrikingfeature.(她容貌中最引人注目的特點(diǎn)是她的雙眼);character指的是人的性格特點(diǎn);所以答案選D。

15.填空題

Directions:Findoutoneerroroneachunderlinedpartofthepassage,andcorrectitinyourANSWERSHEET.

Therearecertainbasicrulesofphotographywhich,evenifyouareaveryinexperiencingphotographerwith(1)littlemoreknowledgethanhowtoloadyourcamera,willpreventyoutomakingtheclassicmistakesandgive(2)youquiteacceptableresults.

Beforeyousetoffonyourphotographicexpedition,andmakesureyourcameraisloadedandyouhaveaspare(3)reeloffilminyourpocket.Thereisnothingmoreinfuriatingthanrunningoutofafilmwhenareally(4)interestingsubjectpresentsitself.

Beforeyouactuallytakethepicture,checkthefocusandexposuresettingonyourcamera.Ablurredphotoisworsethannothingatallandifyouhaven’tgottheexposureright,yoursubjectwillneitherbeblackorhavevanished(5)intowhitehaze.Doremembertotakethelenscapoffbeforeyoushoot.Somanypeopleforget.

Whenyouactuallytakingyourphotograph,keep(6)thecameraabsolutelysteady.Tuckyourarmsintoyoursidestosteadyourhands.Don’tstickyour(7)elbowsout.Ifyouaretakingalongexposureandyouhaven’tgotatripod,wedgethebodyofthecameraagainstawall,apieceoffurniture,thebranchoftree,etc.(8)squeezetheshutterreleasegently;don’tpressithardbecausethatwilljerkthecameraandyouwillgetblurredresults.

Myfinalpieceofadviceappliedtoallphotographers.(9)Ifyouwanttotakeapictureofpeopleandyoucan’tdoitwithoutdisturbingthem,askingthemiftheymindfirst.(10)Lotsofpeopledon’tlikehavingtheirphotostakenforavarietyofreasons,religiousorotherwiseandyoucancauseagreatdealofhardfeelingwithoutmeaningto.

【答案】1.–ing一般用來(lái)修飾物,-ed一般用來(lái)修飾人,這里攝影師是人所以inexperience要用-ed形式。

2.固定搭配preventsbfromdoingsth,這里是固定搭配不能用介詞to代替。

3.冠詞誤用,句子前半句講到確保你的相機(jī)內(nèi)有膠卷,所以這里的備用膠卷應(yīng)該是另一卷膠卷,所以冠詞a應(yīng)該改為another。

4.將“afilm”改成“film”,a是泛指一卷膠卷,但是film是不可數(shù)名詞,所以不能用a修飾,描述數(shù)量應(yīng)該用arollof。

5.固定搭配neither…nor“既不是……也不是”或者either…or“要么……要么”,這里根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)該把neither改為either。

6.when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)該在taking前面加個(gè)be動(dòng)詞are。

7.ourhands前后的物主代詞都是第二人稱,所以這里的第一人稱our應(yīng)該改為第二人稱your。

8.該句中存在并列結(jié)構(gòu),前面兩個(gè)冠詞都是不定冠詞a,最后一個(gè)應(yīng)該和前面保持一致用a(a是泛指文中第一次出現(xiàn)的詞,the是特指前文中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的事物,這里根據(jù)語(yǔ)法也應(yīng)該把the改為a)。

9.全文都是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),但是這里的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞卻用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí),所以這里的applied應(yīng)該改為applies。

10.If引導(dǎo)條件句,and后面也是由if引導(dǎo)的條件句,所以ask不能用非謂語(yǔ)形式否則會(huì)造成句子沒(méi)有主句,ask得用原形構(gòu)成祈使語(yǔ)句。如果你想拍人并且不能在不打擾他的情況下做到的話,那么你得先去問(wèn)問(wèn)他是否介意。

16.單選題

Thesecontinual(

)intemperaturemakeitimpossibletodecidewhattowear.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transitions

B.transformations

C.exchanges

D.fluctuations

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)transitions“過(guò)度,轉(zhuǎn)變”;B選項(xiàng)transformations“轉(zhuǎn)變,轉(zhuǎn)換”C選項(xiàng)exchanges“交換,交易所”;D選項(xiàng)fluctuations“波動(dòng),變化”。句意:氣溫的變化讓我們難以決定該穿什么。這里根據(jù)句意答案選D。A選項(xiàng)指從一種狀態(tài)到另一種狀態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程,Weneedtoensureasmoothtransitionbetweentheoldsystemandthenewone.(我們得確保新舊制度間的平穩(wěn)過(guò)渡),本句指的是溫度的變化沒(méi)有提到從冷到熱或者從熱到冷這一對(duì)具有明顯反義的詞出現(xiàn),所以不能選。B、C選項(xiàng)帶入文中不符合題意。

17.單選題

Theyoungheirwasso________thathegaveallhismoneyawayinacoupleofyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.handsome

B.genuine

C.talented

D.generous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)handsome“帥氣的”;B選項(xiàng)genuine“真實(shí)的,誠(chéng)懇的”;C選項(xiàng)talented“有才能的”;D選項(xiàng)generous“慷慨的”。句意:這位年輕的繼承人是如此的()以至于在幾年的時(shí)間里錢(qián)就全部花光了。繼承人肯定是因?yàn)榇笫执竽_的,所以才在短時(shí)間內(nèi)把錢(qián)花光,所以答案選D。

18.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Untilthetwentiethcentury(1900s),themajorityoftheblackpopulationlivedinthesouthernpartoftheUnitesStates.Thentherewasapopulation_1_tothelargecitiesintheNorth.Prejudice_2_blacksisoften_3_withtheSouth.Slaverywasmorecommonthereanddiscriminationwasusuallymoreblatant(easiertosee):Waterfountains,restrooms,andrestaurantswereoftendesignated“whiteonly”.

IntheNorth,discriminationwasusuallylessobvious,butcertainlyit_4_poorblackneighborhoods,ghettos,inmostlargecities.Thishappenedbecauseofdiscriminationinhousingandthemovementofwhitecity_5_tothesuburbs,oftencalled“whiteflight”.

Inthe1950sand1960s,blacksfoughttogain_6_treatment,andtheynowhavelegalprotection_7_housing,education,andemployment.Becausetheirneighborhoodsaresegregated,manyblacksfeelthateducational

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