2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)9

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.填空題

IranintoWangTaoandLiSan（1）thetradefairinMunbaiinFebruary.I（2）seenthemsince2007（3）ofthemliketheirnewjobs,but（4）wantstostayinShenzhenmuchlonger.

【答案】1.at

2.Haven’t

3.Both

4.neither

【解析】1.語法題。此處應(yīng)該用介詞at。Atthetradefair在交易會(huì)上。

2.

語法題。此處有提示詞since,所以此處表示

“自從2007年來,就沒見過他們了”,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定haven’t

done。

3.語義題。此處填both(兩者都…)符合句意。

4.語義題。Neither表示“都不”。

2.填空題

Chongqing（1）tobepartofSichuan,butitwas（2）fromtheprovincein1997andmade（3）self-governingmunicipality.Thenewpoliticalunithasapopulation（4）about33millionpeople,butonly7.5millionofthemliveintheurbanarea.The（5）ofthemliveinthenearbydistrictsthatarepartofthemunicipality.

【答案】1.used

2.separated

3.a

4.of

5.rest

【解析】1.固定搭配。usedtobe曾經(jīng)是。

2.固定搭配。beseparatedfrom與……分離

3.語法分析。此處填不定冠詞a,表示“一個(gè)”。

4.語義題。Hasapopulationof后面接具體人數(shù)表示“有…人”。

5.語義題。Rest其余的。

3.單選題

noticedthatmostofrocksamplesshowedsignsofdamagefromthepoortreatmenttheyhadreceivedinthelaboratory.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.noticed

B.mostofrocksamples

C.signsofdamagefrom

D.hadreceivedinthe

【答案】B

【解析】冠詞誤用。rock前加the。由mostof后面跟名詞短語時(shí)一般需在名詞短語前添加定冠詞“the”。

4.填空題

Who（1）youyourfirstChinesecharacterswhenyouwereachild?Anddidyouuseapencil,apen（2）abrushtowritethem?

【答案】1.taught

2.and

【解析】1.語義題。teachsb.sth.“教授某人”，由題干的表示時(shí)間的“whenyouwereachild”可知第一個(gè)空應(yīng)填入teach的過去式taught。

2.邏輯分析。apencil,apen,abrush三者是并列關(guān)系,用and連接表示列舉。

5.單選題

Inhislecture,ProfMendezreviewedtheevidencesforthealteredviewoftheplateboundarybetweentheIndiansubcontinentandtheTibetanPlateauthatisnowgaininggroundamong

Europeangeologist

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reviewedthe

B.evidencesforthealteredview

C.thatisnow

D.gainingground

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】B

【解析】名詞誤用。evidences去掉s。evidence在句中表示"證據(jù)",為不可數(shù)名詞。

6.單選題

Excuseme,butdon’tyouthinkthatit’sratheroddtogivesuchanelaboratewelcomespeechandthenturnaroundandtreatadelegatewithagoodquestionasifhewereanuisance?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Excuseme,but

B.thinkthatit’sratherodd

C.thenturnaroundandtreat

D.asifhewereanuisance?

E.沒有問題

【答案】E

7.單選題

TherewasonethingthatshockedmeabouttheQueenwhenhewalkedintotheroomwithMrs.Obama,namelyherheight;theBritishmonarchisonly163cmtall,muchshorterthanIhadimagined.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shockedmeabout

B.whenhewalkedintothe

C.namely

D.hadimagined.

E.沒有問題

【答案】B

【解析】人稱代詞誤用。he改為she。句中queen（女王）指的是女性。

8.填空題

WhileIwasastudent,I（1）manystoriesaboutthevalueofEnglishforone’scareer,butIthoughttheywereirrelevant（2）thelifethatIhadplannedformyself.Inthat（3）Iwassimilartomanyoftoday'sstudents.Aftergraduating,I（4）howaccuratethosestorieswere.I（5）manyopportunitiesbecausemyEnglishwassopoor,（6）Ifinallydecidedto"correct*'myearliermistake.OnedayI（7）atutorandbegantostudy

Englishseriously-asatoolofrealcommunication,notameretestsubject―forthefirst（8）inmylife.Thisturned（9）tobeoneofthebestdecisionsthatI’ve

（10）made.AfterI（11）myattitudetowardthelanguage,Ireallystartedtoenjoyusingit,andasa（12）Imaderapid（13）init.Sincethenmycareerhasbenefitedgreatly（14）mynewabilitytouseEnglishactively.

【答案】1.heard

2.to

3.respect

4.realized

5.lost

6.so

7.got

8.time

9.out

10.ever

11.changed

12.result

13.progress

14.from

【解析】1.固定搭配。Hearstoryabout聽關(guān)于…的故事。而且這里應(yīng)該用過去式。

2.固定搭配。beirrelevanttosth.與某事無關(guān)。

3.語義題。句意:在這方面，我和今天的許多學(xué)生很相似。

4.語義題。句意:我意識(shí)到這些故事是多么準(zhǔn)確。

5.固定搭配。Loseopportunities失去機(jī)會(huì)。這里應(yīng)該用過去式。

6.邏輯分析?？崭袂昂缶渥訛橐蚬P(guān)系:英語不好，我失去了很多機(jī)會(huì)。因此,我決定糾正之前的錯(cuò)誤。

7.固定搭配。getatutor請(qǐng)家教。這里應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。

8.固定搭配。Forthefirsttime第一次。

9.固定搭配。turnouttobe結(jié)果是,證明是。

10.語義題。句意:我曾經(jīng)做的最好決定之一。

11.語義題。句意:在我改變對(duì)英語的態(tài)度后。

12.固定搭配。asaresult結(jié)果。

13.固定搭配。Makeprogressin在…方面取得巨大進(jìn)步。

14.固定搭配。benefitfromsth.受益于…。

9.單選題

WegotintoataxiwithJohntosendhimtothetrainstation,butwehadonlygoneabouthalfakilometerwhenwewereinvolvedinanaccident.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tosendhimto

B.wehadonlygone

C.when

D.wereinvolvedin

E.沒有問題

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞誤用。send改為take。send的意思為“發(fā)送；派遣”。這里指“送他去火車站”。

10.填空題

NextmonththereisanimportantscientificconferenceinBerlinthatIhaveagreedto（1）.I’mscheduledtoleaveBeijingonthe12thand（2）onthe18th.I’vebeenaskedtogivea20-（3）presentationexplainingourcurrentresearch.Ilook（4）tothisconference,（5）willgivemean（6）tomeetotherresearchersinmyfield.TheonlythingthatI’m（7）aboutismyspokenEnglish,especiallywhenIgivethepresentation.I’ve（8）acoachwhoisnowhelpingmeto（9）mypronunciationanddelivery.

【答案】1.attend

2.back

3.minute

4.forward

5.which

6.opportunity

7.worried

8.hired

9.improve

【解析】1.固定搭配。attendaconference參加會(huì)議。

2.語義題。根據(jù)前文中的leaveBeijingonthe12th可知“onthe18th”表示“18日返回”。

3.語義題。a20-minutepresentation20分鐘的演講。

4.固定搭配。lookforwardto期盼,期待。

5.語法題?？疾槎ㄕZ從句關(guān)系詞。此處為一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，故填入的引導(dǎo)詞為which。

6.語義題。Givemeanopportunity給我提供機(jī)會(huì)。

7.固定搭配。beworriedabout為…擔(dān)心。

8.語義題。賓語acoach“教練”可以推斷出謂語動(dòng)詞可以用hire(聘請(qǐng))，由于是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故需要用hired。

9.語義題。improve表示“提高發(fā)音和表達(dá)”。

11.填空題

YesterdayIwent（1）adrinkwiththreeCanadiangeologistswhocametohearmypresentation.It（2）outthatwehaveanumberofresearchinterestsin（3）,sowe（4）thepossibilityofworkingtogether,usingnewmaterialfromsitesinCanadaandChina.

【答案】for;turned;common;discussed

【解析】句意:昨天我和三個(gè)過來聽我報(bào)告的加拿大地質(zhì)學(xué)家一起喝酒。發(fā)現(xiàn)我們?cè)谘芯颗d趣上有很多相同點(diǎn)，所以我們探討共同工作的可能性，使用來自加拿大和中國(guó)地皮上的新材料。

1.固定搭配。goforadrink出去喝點(diǎn)。

2.固定搭配。Itturnsoutthat...結(jié)果是…,這里應(yīng)該用過去式turned。

3.固定搭配。havesth.incommon有相同之處。

4.語義題。句意推測(cè)為:所以我們探討共同工作的可能性。

12.填空題

How（

）doyoutraveltoShanghaionbusiness?

【答案】ofen。

【解析】常用語。Howofen多久一次。

13.單選題

SeveralofAsianprofessorswhospokeattheconferenceexpressedtheirsupportfortheideaofholdingaspecialmeetinginPerthtofacilitatemultinationalresearchontheeconomicAproblemsfacingthecountriesaroundtheIndianOcean.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.SeveralofAsianprofessors

B.attheconference

C.problemsfacingthe

D.countriesaroundthe

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】A

【解析】介詞多余。Several后面去掉Of。

14.單選題

Torontoissome475kminthenorthwestofNewYork,whileVancouver,only200kmfromSeattle,isevenclosertoamajorAmericancity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.issome475

B.inthenorthwestof

C.whileVancouver,only200

D.evenclosertoamajorAmericancity

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】B

【解析】介詞誤用。去掉in,此處表示位于西北方向（一般用tothenorthwestofsomewhere）,shi大致方向,并非指具體位置。

15.單選題

EveniffewobserverswouldclassifyChinaasatrulychild-centeredsociety,Chinesecultureundoubtedlyplacesahighvalueontheirchildren.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Eveniffew

B.wouldclassify

C.asatrulychild-centeredsociety

D.ontheirchildren

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】D

【解析】代詞誤用。去掉their。句子主語為Chineseculture,根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)推斷their指代的是Chineseculture,顯然不合適。

16.填空題

Trynottousetheairconditioningtoomuch.Themorepoweryouuse,the（

）yourelectricalbillwillbe.

【答案】bigger

【解析】語法題。考查“the+比較級(jí)……the+比較級(jí)……”的固定句型,，表示“越……就越……”，根據(jù)意思“使用的電越多，電費(fèi)賬單就會(huì)越大”，故需填入bigger。

17.單選題

Thestudents,arrivingattheusualtimeforbreakfast,wereextremelyfhriouswhentheydiscoveredthatthepricesofalmostthefooditemshaddoubledovernight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.students,arriving

B.wereextremelyfhrious

C.almostthefooditems

D.haddoubled

E.沒有問題

【答案】B

【解析】副詞多余。去除extremely。由furious的英文釋義“markedbyextremeandviolentenergyorextremeanger”知它已經(jīng)含有extremely“極其；非?！钡囊馑?，故B項(xiàng)這里的“extremely”屬于重復(fù)，應(yīng)該去除。

18.單選題

TheChinagovernmenthasannounceditsintentiontodoublethecountry’sinvestmentinresearchonsolarpoweroverthenextthreeyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheChinagovernment

B.itsintentiontodouble

C.inresearchon

D.overthenext

E.沒有問題

【答案】A

【解析】theChinagovernment應(yīng)改為theChinesegovernment或thegovernmentofChina.

19.單選題

Iremindedhimthatwehadaskedforanordinaryroom,notaspecialroom,andwhenIinquiredwhatisunusualaboutourroom,heseemednottowanttoanswer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadaskedforanordinaryroom，not

B.inquiredwhat

C.unusualabout

D.seemednottowant

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞誤用。將unusual改為special。句意:我提醒他,我們要求入住的是普通間,而不是專用房，并且，當(dāng)我詢問我們的房間有什么特殊時(shí),他似乎不想回答。unusual不尋常的；不平常的。special特別的；專門的。

20.填空題

A:Isn’tthatyourcar?

B:No,it（1）.Mineis（2）redoneoverthere

【答案】1.isn’t

2.the

【解析】1.語法分析。此處是否定回答。

2.語法分析。句意:我的是紅色那輛。此處為特指,所以用定冠詞the。

21.單選題

OrdinarilythesurfaceoftheplanetisnearlyattheboHingpointofwateronEarth,100.2-101°Caccordingtothedatafromtheorbitingsatellite.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.surfaceoftheplanet

B.nearlyatthe

C.boHingpoint

D.fromtheorbitingsatellite

E.沒有問題

【答案】E

22.填空題

WhenIwasyoungIalways（1）tobecomeascientist,butattheageof18I（2）myparents'adviceanddecidedtostudylawinstead.NowadaysIthinkthiswasamistake.WhenIlookbackonmylife,I（3）mydecision.（4）,theseisnothingthatIcandoaboutitnow.

【答案】1.wanted

2.took

3.regret

4.unfortunately

【解析】1.語義題。句意:在我年輕時(shí)，我經(jīng)常想成為科學(xué)家。

2.固定搭配。Takesomeone’sadvice聽從某人建議

3.語義題。空格前“mistake錯(cuò)誤”一詞可推測(cè)此處句意為:當(dāng)我回顧我的人生時(shí)，我后悔我的決定。

4.語義題。句意:遺憾的是現(xiàn)在我不能為我的決定做任何事情。

23.填空題

Anewgraduatestudent（1）ourresearchgroupyesterday.（2）enough,hehasthesamename（3）ourprofessor.（4）ofthemare

namedMichaelWilson.ProfessorWilsonisonly39,andwe’realwayscalledhim“Mike”.To（5）confusion,we’vedecidedtocallthenewmemberofourresearchgroup“Michael”，（6）thoughitdoessoundabitformalespeciallywhenweuseanicknametoaddresstheprofessorwho（7）ourgroup.

大意:昨天，一個(gè)新畢業(yè)生加入了我們的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)。奇怪的是，他和我們的教授同名，他們兩個(gè)都叫邁克?威爾遜。威爾遜教授只有39歲，所以我們經(jīng)常叫他“Mike”。為了避免混亂，我們還是決定叫新成員為“Michael”一一盡管這聽起來有些正式，尤其是當(dāng)我們用昵稱稱呼領(lǐng)導(dǎo)我們團(tuán)隊(duì)的教授時(shí)候。

【答案】1.joined

2.Funny

3.as

4.Both

5.avoid

6.even

7.leads

【解析】1.詞匯題。句意:昨天，一個(gè)新畢業(yè)生加入了我們的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)。

2.詞匯題。后文說:新來的成員和教授同名,可推斷前文應(yīng)為“有趣的是”。所以此處填入形容詞funny。

3.固定搭配。Thesameas與…一樣。

4.固定搭配。BothofAandB兩者都…。

5.詞匯題。句意:為了避免混亂，我們還是決定叫新成員為“Michael”。

6.邏輯分析。句意:盡管這聽起來有些正式,而且空格后為though，因此此處填even表示讓步。

7.詞匯題。這里是who引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾先行詞theprofessor，所以空格處的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與賓語ourgroup搭配，而且定語從句中主語為theprofessor,因此填leads。

24.單選題

TheDaodejingisalmostcertainlythemostadmiredancientChinesephilosophicaltextamongmodemWesterners.Sincethemid-19thcenturyithasbeentranslatedintoEnglishdozensoftimes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.almostcertainly

B.ancientChinesephilosophicaltext

C.Sincethemid-19thcentury

D.Englishdozensoftimes.

E.沒有問題

【答案】E

【解析】沒有錯(cuò)誤。句意:《道德經(jīng)》幾乎可以肯定是現(xiàn)代西方人中最受敬仰的中國(guó)古代哲學(xué)文本。自19世紀(jì)中期以來，它被多次翻譯成英文。

25.填空題

Idon’twrite（1）lettersthesedays,justanoccasionalonetoanagingauntofmine.OrdinarilyIusee-mailtostayin（2）withpeople.

【答案】1.many

2.touch

【解析】1.語義題。此處用many修飾letters。與前面的否定詞don’t連起來表示我最近沒怎么寫信。

2.固定搭配。stayintouchwith保持聯(lián)系。

26.單選題

IamtoldthatProfessorAtkinshasalreadyvisitedthissiteforfivetimessincetheareawasopenedtogeologistsin2007.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Iamtold

B.hasalreadyvisited

C.forfivetimes

D.wasopenedtogeologists

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。opened應(yīng)改為open,beopento對(duì)…開放。

27.單選題

AtthemomentI’mreadinganF.D.A.reportthatsummarizesthedebateontheresponsibilityofvariousagriculturalandmanufacturingcorporationsforthespreadofmercurypollutioninfoodproducts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Atthemoment

B.anF.D.A.report

C.debateon

D.variousagriculturalandmanufacturing

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】E

28.單選題

Thestudentslisteningtothepompousofficial’slongspeechweresoonveryboring;nodoubtmanyofthemhadtheirmindsmoreonwhatwasforlunchthanonwhathewassaying.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.were

B.veryboring

C.hadtheirminds

D.onwhatwasforlunchthanon

E.沒有問題

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞誤用。boring改為bored。boring令人厭煩的。bored感到無聊的。

29.填空題

A:I’veprintedoutthereportbutIdon’thave（1）toputitin.Doyou（2）anychancehaveaclearplasticfolderthatIcould（3）?

B:How（4）thisone?It’sthekindthatIalwaysputreportsin.

A:Thanks!Thiswill（5）verywell.

【答案】1.folder

2.by

3.use

4.about

5.be

【解析】1.語義題。folder表示用來裝報(bào)告的“文件夾”。

2.固定搭配。bychance碰巧,偶然。

3.語義題。句意:你有我能用的透明塑料文件夾嗎?

4.常用語。Howabout你認(rèn)為……怎么樣。

5.語法題。空格位于助動(dòng)詞will和形容詞well之間,因此空格應(yīng)填be動(dòng)詞be。

30.單選題

Themuseumlibraryisbeingremodeledandallthefurnituresarebeingreplacedwithattractivenewshelves,tablesandchairsorderedfromItaly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Themuseumlibrary

B.isbeingremodeled

C.allthefurnituresare

D.chairsorderedfromItaly

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】C

【解析】語法題。名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。furnitures去掉s。furniture在表示“家具”意義時(shí)是一個(gè)集合名詞，這里furniture后不應(yīng)該加S。

31.填空題

Thestoresaresocrowdedtodayandthefilmatthetheatreisterrible.（1）juststayhomeand（2）televisioninstead.Ofcourse,ifyou’dreally（3）goout,wecandothat.I’llleaveituptoyou.

句意:今天商店特別擁擠，劇院里面的電影也難看，我們還是待在家里看電視吧。當(dāng)然，如果你真的想出去，我們可以出去。出去與否由你做決定。

【答案】1.Let’s

2.watch

3.rather

【解析】1.語義題。letus縮寫為let’s后跟動(dòng)詞原形,表示提議。

2.固定搭配?？措娨曈脀atchtelevision。

3.語義題。句意:如果你真想出去，我們可以出去。

32.填空題

Let’sgetataxi,（1）we?It’s（2）alongwalkandI’mfeelingalittletired.It（3）bejetlagthat’scausingmetorunoutof（4）.Ifeltfinethismorning,butit’sonlybeentwodays（5）IflewbackfromNewYork.

【答案】1.shall

2.really

3.must

4.energy

5.when

【解析】1.固定句式。Letus的反義疑問用shallwe。

2.語義題。句意:真是好長(zhǎng)一段距離?？瞻滋幮杼钊胍粋€(gè)程度副詞，故可以用really。

3.語法題。考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。表示“肯定的推測(cè)”。

4.固定搭配。runoutofenergy沒有能量了。

5.語義題。句意:但我從紐約飛回來才兩天。When為引導(dǎo)詞o

33.單選題

EvenasachildIwasnotagreatfanofcartoon,butmydaughterwatchesthemwhenevershecan,withnoapparentilleffectsonherattitudeorherperformanceatschool.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Evenasachild

B.fanofcartoon

C.themwhenevershecan

D.apparentilleffectsonher

E.沒有問題

【答案】C

【解析】代詞誤用。them改成it,此處的代詞指代前面的cartoon,因?yàn)槭菃螖?shù)名詞，故需要用it。

34.單選題

TheclerkIspokewithinsistedoverandoverthatwehadbeenchargedthenormalrateforthehotelroom,soIaskedtospeakwithhismanager.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insistedoverandover

B.hadbeencharged

C.ratefor

D.soIaskedtospeakwithhismanager

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】E

【解析】沒有錯(cuò)誤。句意:和我說話的店員一遍又一遍堅(jiān)持說,我們付的是正常價(jià)位的房錢,所以我要求和經(jīng)理談話

35.填空題

（1）tothelaw,（2）driversmusthavealicence.

Anyonewhodriveswithoutalicenceis（3）thelaw.

【答案】1.According

2.all

3.breaking

【解析】1.固定搭配。Accordingto根據(jù)，按照。

2.語義題。句意:所有司機(jī)都必須有駕照。

3.固定搭配。breakthelaw違法。根據(jù)句意此處需要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

36.單選題

1.Inthepastfewyears,evenastheUShaspulledoutoftheGreatRecessionof2008,someeconomistsandtechnologistshavewarnedthattheeconomyisnearatippingpoint.Whentheyexaminelabor-marketdata,theyseetroublingsigns,maskedfornowbyacyclicalrecovery.Theyseeautomationhighandlow—robotsintheoperatingroomandbehindthefast-foodcounter.Theyimagineself-drivingcarsandAmazondeliverydronesdottingthesky,replacingmillionsofdrivers,warehouseStockersandsalesworkers.Theyobservethatthecapabilitiesofmachinescontinuetogrowexponentially,whileourownremainthesame.Andtheywonder:Isanyjobtrulysafe?

2.Science-fictionwritershaveattimeslookedforwardtothetakeoveroftheworkplacebymachines.Theyimaginethedisappearanceofdrudgeryanditsreplacementbygreaterleisureandalmostlimitlesspersonalfreedom.Ifthecapabilitiesofcomputerscontinuetomultiplywhilethe

priceofcomputingcontinuestofall,thatwillmeanagreatmanyoflife’snecessitiesandluxurieswillbecomeevercheaper,anditwillmeangreatwealthforsome.

3.Butthewidespreaddisappearanceofworkwouldopenthewayforasocialtransformationunlikeanywe’veseen.Savingworkmaybemoreimportantthansavinganyparticularjob.IndustriousnesshasservedasAmerica’sunofficialreligionsinceitsfounding.Thesanctityandpreeminenceofworklieattheheartofthecountry’spolitics,economicsandsocialinteractions.Whatmighthappenifworkgoesaway?

4.TheUSlaborforcehasbeenshapedbytechnologicalprogress.Agriculturaltechnologygavebirthtothefarmingindustry,theindustrialrevolutionmovedpeopleintofactories,andthenglobalizationandautomationmovedthembackout,givingrisetoaserviceeconomy.Butthroughallthesechanges,thetotalnumberofjobsalwaysincreased.Whatmaybeloomingisaneraoftechnologicalunemploymentinwhichtheinventionsofcomputerscientistsandsoftwareengineersshrinkthetotalnumberofjobspermanently.

5.Thehopethatmachinesmightfreeusfromtoilhasalwaysbeenmixedwiththefearthattheywillrobusofouragency.InthemidstoftheGreatDepression,theBritisheconomistJMKeynesforecastthatby2030technologicalprogresswouldallowa15-hourworkweek,andabundantleisure.Butaroundthesametime,USPresidentHooveralsoreceivedaletterwarningthatindustrialtechnologywasa“monster”thatthreatenedtoupendmanufacturing,“devouringourcivilization”.Thesehopesandfearswererevisitedwithparticularurgencyduringthe1960s,asthecomputerrevolutiontookshape.

6.AccordingtoPeterFrase,theauthorofFourFutures,anewbookabouthowautomationwillchangeAmerica,workisreallythreethingsthemeansbywhichtheeconomyproducesgoods,themeansbywhichpeopleearnincome,andanactivitythatlendsmeaningorpurposetomanypeople’slives.“Wetendtoconfusethesethings,”hetoldme,“becausetodayweneedtopaypeopletokeepthelightson,sotospeak.Butinafutureofabundance,youwouldn’t,andweoughttothinkaboutwaystomakeiteasiernottobeemployed.”

7.Frasebelongstoasmallgroupofwriters,academicsandeconomistswhowelcometheendoflabor.USsocietyhas“anirrationalbeliefinworkforwork’ssake,”saysBenjaminHunnicutt,anotherofthisgroupandahistorianattheUniversityofIowa,“eventhoughmostjobsaren’tveryuplifting.”A2014Gallupreportonworkersatisfactionfoundthatasmanyas70percentofAmericansdon’tfeelengagedbytheircurrentjob.Hunnicutttoldmethatifacashier’sworkwereavideogame,criticsofvideogamesmightcallitmindless.Butwhenit’sa“job”，politicianspraiseitsintrinsicdignity.“Purpose，meaning,creativity,autonomy-allthesethingsthatpsychologyhasshowntobenecessaryforwell-beingareabsentintheaveragejob，”hesaid.

8.Thesethinkersarecertainlyrightaboutsomeimportantthings.Paidlabordoesnotalwayscorrelateneatlywithsocialgood.Raisingchildrenandcaringforthesickareessentialwork,yetthesejobsarecompensatedpoorlyornotatall.Inapost-worksociety,Hunnicuttsaid,peoplemightspendmoretimecaringfortheirfamiliesandneighbors:oursenseofpersonalworthcouldcomefromourrelationshipsratherthanfromourcareers.Thepost-workproponentsagreethateveninthebestpost-workscenarios,prideandjealousywillremain,eveninaneconomyofabundance.Butwiththerightgovernmentarrangements,theybelieve,theendofwagelaborwillallowforagoldenageofwell-being.Hunnicuttthinkscollegescouldreemergeasculturalcentersratherthanjob-preparationinstitutions.Thewordschool,hepointedout,comesfromskholetheancientGreekwordfor“l(fā)eisure”.“Weusedtoteachpeoplehowtobefree,”hesaid.“Nowweteachthemhowtowork.”

9.Hunnicutt’svisiondoesn’tresembletheworldcurrentlyexperiencedbymostjoblesspeople.Fewofthemspendtheirdowntimesocializingwithfriendsortakingupnewhobbies.InsteadtheywatchTVorsleep.Time-usesurveysshowthatjoblesspeopleintheirthirtiesandfortiesdedicatesomeofthetimeoncespentworkingtocleaningandchildcare.Butmeninparticulardevotemostoftheirfreetimetoleisure:watchingtelevision,browsingtheinternet,andsleeping.Retiredseniorswatchabout50hoursoftelevisionaweek.Theunemployedtheoreticallyhavethemosttimetosocialize,yetstudiesshowthattheyfeelthemostsocialisolation.

10.Mostpeoplewanttoworkandaremiserablewhentheycannot.Peoplewholosetheirjobaremorelikelytosufferfrommentalandphysicalailments.“Thereisalossofstatus,ageneraldepressivefeeling,whichaffectsthebodyorthemindorboth,”saysRalphCatalano,apublic-healthprofessoratUCBerkeley.Researchshowsthatitishardertorecoverfromalongperiodofjoblessnessthanfromlosingalovedoneorsufferingalife-alteringinjury.Theverythingsthathelpmanypeoplerecoverfromotheremotionaltraumas~aroutine,anabsorbingdistraction,adailypurpose-arenotreadilyavailabletotheunemployed.

11.ThetransitionfromlaborforcetoleisureforcewouldlikelybeparticularlyhardonAmericans,theworkerbeesoftherichworld:Between1950and2012,annualhoursworkedperworkerfellsignificantlythroughoutEurope—byabout40percentinGermanyandtheNetherlands-butbyonly10percentintheUnitedStates.Wealthier,university-educatedAmericansareworkingmorethantheydid30yearsago,particularlywhenonecountstimeworkingandansweringe-mailathome.

12.In1989,psychologistsconductedafamousstudyofChicagoworkersthatfoundpeopleatworkoftenwishedtheyweresomewhereelse.Butthesesameworkersreportedfeelingbetterintheofficeorattheplantthantheydidelsewhere.Thetwopsychologistscalledthis“theparadoxofwork”：manypeoplearehappiercomplainingaboutjobsthantheyarewithtoomuchleisure.Otherresearchersdescribepeoplearewhousemediatorelaxbutoftenfeelworthlesswhentheyreflectontheirunproductivedowntime.Thepost-workthinkersarguethatAmericansworksohardbecausetheircultureconditionsthemtofeelguiltywhentheyarenotbeingproductive.Theyassertthatthisguiltwillfadeasworkceasestobethenorm--anuntestablehypothesis.Whenaskedwhatsortofmodemcommunitymostresembleshisidealofapost-worksociety,Hunnicuttadmitted,“I’mnotsurethatsuchaplaceexists.”

1.Inparagraph1,the“operatingroom”（

）.

2.Thewritersmentionedinparagraph2.

3.Inparagraph2,theauthorforeseesafuture.（

）

4.InBritainandAmerica,liberationfromworkhaslongbeenregardedas.

5.Theword“agency”inparagraph5（

）.

6.TheauthorofthearticleseemstobelievethatintheUnitedStatesdedicationtoworkfunctionalmostlikewhatinChinesesociety?

7.（

）.

8.Theauthorofthisarticle（

）.

9.Inorderforhumanstobetrulyhappyaswage-payingjobsceasetobeapartoftheirlives,peoplelikeHunnicuttthinkthatwhoserolewillbeespeciallysignificant?

10.Menwithoutjobsandpensionersaremostsimilarinthattheyspendagreatdealoftime（

）

11.Theauthorofthisarticlewouldprobablyagreethatwhowilladjustmostcomfortablytothedisappearanceofconventionaljobs?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.iswheremanyofthemostadvancedrobotswillbedesigned.

B.servesasanexampleofautomationinahighlyskilledprofessionalfield.

C.ismentionedtoshowhowintimatethecontactofhumansandrobotswillbe.

D.definestheupperlimitofthechangesthatautomationandroboticswillbringtoourdailylives.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.aresharplycriticalofpeoplewhofeartheriseofrobot.

B.tendtoapproveofautomationbuthavemixedfeelingaboutrobots.

C.viewautomationandroboticsprimarilyintermsoftheirimpactontheeconomy.

D.tendtoviewtheadvanceofautomationandroboticsinaratheroptimisticlight.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ofrisingincomesforpeoplegenerally.

B.ofdramaticallyhigherincomesforalimitednumberofpeople.

C.withdecliningwealthandfallingincomesforaminorityofthepopulation.

D.inwhichthedirectionofeconomicdevelopmentiscompletelyunclear.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.apurelypositivedevelopment.

B.asimpleconsequenceoftechnicalchange,tobeacceptedcalmly.

C.bothdesirableandthreatening.

D.theroadtorapideconomicandmoralruinforhumanity.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.referstoourabilityandwilltodetermineourownindividuallives.

B.suggeststhatwithoutjobswewillbecomelazyandirresponsible.

C.referstothecompaniesthatemploymosthumanbeingsintoday’sworld.

D.functionsasasynonymof“income”.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Devotiontofamily.

B.DedicationtoGod.

C.Loveofmoney.

D.Devotiontoclosefriends.

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.ishopefulthatautomationwillenableustomakejobstrulyuplifting.

B.thinksthatpeoplewholookdownonvideogamesprobablydon’tenjoyworking.

C.isoftheopinionthatthejobsmostAmericanshavearefarsillierthanvideogames.

D.believesthatAmericanstendtooverestimatethepositivenon-economicvalueofhavingajob.

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.consistentlyrejectstheopinionsofthewriterswholookforwardtoapost-worksociety.

B.tendstoagreewiththeirassessmentofthegenuinevalueofjobsinUSsocietytoday.

C.thinksthathowmodemAmericanswithoutjobsmostoftenbehaveprovideslittlesupportfortheirarguments.

D.thinksthatthetendenciesobservableinthebehaviorofmodemAmericanswithnojobssupportstheirargumentsfairlywell.

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.Thatofsocialpsychologists.

B.Thestates.

C.Thatofeducators,especiallyattheuniversitylevel.

D.Thefamily’s.

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.socializing.

B.watchingtelevision.

C.practicinghobbies.

D.online.

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.Chicagoan.

B.Americanswithuniversitydegrees.

C.Europeans.

D.Male.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:B

第11題:C

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:Theyseeautomationhighandlowrobotsintheoperatingroomandbehindthefast-foodcounter。他們可以從高端和低端領(lǐng)域看到自動(dòng)化的存在一一在操作間以及在快餐柜臺(tái)的后邊”，由此我們可知operatingroom應(yīng)該是自動(dòng)化在高端低端領(lǐng)域的運(yùn)用，因此選擇B項(xiàng)(作為自動(dòng)化在高技術(shù)專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的實(shí)例)。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:Science-fictionwritershaveattimeslookedforwardtothetakeoveroftheworkplacebymachines(科幻作家有時(shí)候期待工作場(chǎng)地被機(jī)器所替代)。可知他們對(duì)于自動(dòng)化和機(jī)器人技術(shù)是持積極的態(tài)度,因此選D項(xiàng)(傾向于樂觀地看待自動(dòng)化和機(jī)器人技術(shù)的進(jìn)步)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至最后一段:...thatwillmeanagreatmanyoflife’snecessitiesandluxurieswillbecomeevercheaper,anditwillmeangreatwealthforsome(…這意味著許多生活必需品和奢侈品將變得越來越便宜，這對(duì)一些人來說是一筆財(cái)富)。因此選B項(xiàng)(作者預(yù)見將來對(duì)于某些人來說收入劇增)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞BritainandAmerica和liberation定位至第五段:Thesehopesandfearswererevisitedwithparticularurgencyduringthe1960s,asthecomputerrevolutiontookshape(這些希望與擔(dān)憂在20世紀(jì)60年代是如此急促地回現(xiàn)，當(dāng)時(shí)正值計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)改革的時(shí)候),因此選C項(xiàng)（既渴望又感受到威脅）。

5.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第五段:Thehopethatmachinesmightfreeusfromtoilhasalwaysbeenmixedwiththefearthattheywillrobusofouragency(人們一邊希望機(jī)器使我們擺脫勞役,一邊恐懼機(jī)器會(huì)奪走我們的代理權(quán))。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第八段:Inapost-worksociety,Hunnicuttsaid,peoplemightspendmoretimecaringfortheirfamiliesandneighbors(把工作放到次要的社會(huì)，人們可能會(huì)把更多的時(shí)間用于照顧家庭和鄰里上來),可知中國(guó)社會(huì)應(yīng)該是“投入到家庭中”的社會(huì),故選A。

7.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞BenjaminHunnicutt定位至第七段:USsocietyhas“anirrationalbeliefinworkforwork’ssake(美國(guó)社會(huì)有一種“為了工作而工作”的非理性信仰)。故選D:認(rèn)為美國(guó)人傾向于高估工作帶來的非經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的正面價(jià)值。

8.態(tài)度方向題。題目跟選項(xiàng)給出的是作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。需要綜合全文理解。根據(jù)文中第九段第一句Hunnicutt’svisiondoesn’tresembletheworldcurrentlyexperiencedbymostjoblesspeople“亨尼科特的觀點(diǎn)與目前世界上失業(yè)的人所經(jīng)歷的不一樣”可知選項(xiàng)C“當(dāng)代失業(yè)的