英語四級語法 虛擬語氣

英語四級語法虛擬語氣英語四級語法虛擬語氣英語四級語法虛擬語氣英語四級語法虛擬語氣編制僅供參考審核批準生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:虛擬語氣一．一般虛擬條件句(1)與現(xiàn)在事實相反——IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tworry.——IfIhadthebookathand,Iwouldreadthepassagetoyou.那么，虛擬語氣現(xiàn)在時的句型為：從句：If+主語＋動詞過去式(be變were)+…主句：主語＋would(should,could,might)+動詞原形＋…(2)與過去事實相反——Ifyouhadgonetolastnight’sgames,youwouldhavemethim.——Ifthepolicemanhadarrivedearlier,hewouldhaveseentheaccident.那么，虛擬語氣過去時的結(jié)構(gòu)是：從句：If＋主語＋過去完成時…主句：主語＋should(或would,could,might)+現(xiàn)在完成時…(3)與將來事實相反——Ifheshouldcometomorrow,Iwouldgivehimthedictionaryheneeds.——IfMr.Liweretodotheexperimenttomorrow,hemightreadtheinstructionscarefully.那么虛擬語氣將來時的句型是：從句：If+主語＋should(或wereto)+動詞原形＋…主句：同虛擬語氣現(xiàn)在時的主句結(jié)構(gòu)。練習(xí)：Ifthisreportweremoreaccurate,it__________aninvaluabledocument. been be be(D)I_______introubleifthepolicehadstoppedme. havebeen be been(B)Whatwouldyoudoifwar_________out. break brokenout D.weretobreak(D)二、在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中，若有were,had,should，可省去if,將were,had,should提到主語前，形成倒裝。例如：——Shouldtherebeameetingtomorrow,hewouldtellyou.——Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,wewouldnothaveachievedsomuch.練習(xí)：1.____beforeweleavethedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.A)HadtheyarrivedB)WouldtheyarriveC)WeretheyarrivingD)Weretheytoarrive(D)2.Hadheworkedharder,he____theexams.A)musthavegotthroughB)wouldhavegotthroughC)wouldgetthroughD)couldgetthrough(B)3._________enteruniversityoneday,Iwouldworkveryhard.A)WouldIeverB)EverwouldIC)ShouldIeverD)EvershouldI(C)三.由asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的從句中用過去時表示對現(xiàn)在虛擬，用過去完成時表示對過去事實的虛擬。例如：——Sammylooksasthoughhenevergotasquaremeal,butinfacthisparentsfeedhimverywell.(用過去式表與現(xiàn)在事實相反)——Heappearedasifhehadknownnothingaboutit.(用過去完成式表與過去相反的事實)——Theoldwomanheldhimasifshewouldneverlethimgoagain.(用would+原形動詞表與將來事實相反)練習(xí)：1．TheAmericanyoungmanspeaksChinesefluentlyasifhe________aChinese.A)isB)wereC)hasbeenD)hadbeen(B)2．Thegardenlookedasifit________yesterday.A)wasn’twateredB)didn’twaterC)hasn’twateredD)hadn’tbeenwatered(D)四．動詞wish后賓語從句中的虛擬語氣——Iwishhewereherenow.——Shewishesshewouldalwaysremainyoung.——IwishyouhadnothurtJimsomuch.Heisstillverydepressed.練習(xí)：1.IwishI____longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A)hadsleptB)sleptC)mighthavesleptD)haveslept(A)2．Theyneverhaveenoughresourcesandtheywishthey_______more.A)haveB)hadC)willhaveD)havehad(B)五．在表示建議、命令、要求等動詞的后面，其賓語從句的謂語用“should+原形動詞”表示虛擬語氣，或省略should表示“要求”的：request,demand,require表示“提議、勸告、建議”的：propose,suggest,advise表示“決定、命令”的：order,command表示“堅持”的insist例如：——Weinsistedthathe(should)bepresentattheceremony.——Thedirectorsuggestedthatshe(should)studymoreEnglishbeforegoingabroad.練習(xí)：1．MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe________gothere.A)nottoB)won’tC)doesnotD)not(D)2．Mike’suncleinsists____inthishotel.A)stayingnotB)thathewouldnotstayC)nottostayD)thathenotstay(D)3．Thejobwouldrequirethat______at7o’clockeverymorning.A)hewillbeatthefactoryB)hebeatthefactoryC)hewasatthefactoryD)hehasbeenatthefactory(B)六．上述動詞的名詞形式用虛擬語氣requirement,advice,order,suggestion,proposal,command其后的從句,也用“should+原形動詞”表示虛擬語氣，或省去should。例如：Themanager’ssuggestionisthatthesecretary(should)learnshorthand.練習(xí):1.Thesuggestionthatthemayor____theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.A)wouldpresentB)oughttopresentC)presentD)presents(C)2．Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerial_______toitsburningtemperature.A)heatedB)beheatedC)tobeheatedD)beingheated(B)七、在“Itis(was)+形容詞(或過去分詞)＋that...(主語從句)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語從句的謂語也用“should+原形動詞”表虛擬語氣?；蚴÷詓hould常用的形容詞和過去分詞有：表“要求”的：required,demanded,requested,desired表“建議”的：suggested表“迫切、緊迫、重要”的有：necessary,essential,important表“命令”的:ordered例如：——ItisnecessarythatFrankdoawaywithhisbadhabit.——Itisdesiredthatweshouldgeteverythingreadybytonight.練習(xí)：1．Theykepttellingusthatitwasvitalthatwe________thereontime.A)mustbeB)wereC)beD)wouldbe(C)2．Itisnecessarythatanefficientworker_______hisworkontime.A)accomplishB)accomplishesC)canaccomplishD)hasaccomplished(A)八、在“Itis(high/about)time+that引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語用一般過去時例如：Itishigh(about,already)timethatwewenttobed練習(xí)：It’shightimesomebody________histongue.A)holdB)holdsC)heldD)shouldhold(C)練習(xí)（虛擬語氣部分）IfI________itwasgoingtocostsomuch,Iwouldn’thaveboughtit.A.hadknown B.knew C.weretoknow D.shouldhaveknownWecannotimaginewhatourworld________likewithoutelectricpower.A.is B.willbe C.wouldbe D.hasbeenMyfilesareallovertheplace.IwishI_________aboxthatI_______themin.A.have,cankeep B.havehad,canhave