2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-黑龍江大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)13

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-黑龍江大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Shesaidthatshewouldbehereateighto’clock.Butshedidn’t（

）untiltenthirty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnon

B.turndown

C.turnup

D.turnout

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。turnon“打開(kāi)”；turndown“關(guān)掉，調(diào)低”；turnup“出現(xiàn)”；turnout“結(jié)果是”。句意：她說(shuō)她八點(diǎn)會(huì)到這的，但是直到十點(diǎn)還沒(méi)出現(xiàn)。C項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.單選題

Theartist（

）aninterestingpicturebyputtingthevariously-coloredshapestogether.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.composed

B.designed

C.produced

D.invented

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。compose“組合，創(chuàng)作”；design“設(shè)計(jì)”；produce“生產(chǎn)”；invent“發(fā)明”。句意：藝術(shù)家通過(guò)把各種顏色的形狀組合在一起，創(chuàng)作出一幅有趣的畫(huà)。由putting…可知這幅畫(huà)是將不同的東西組合在一起而創(chuàng)作出來(lái)，只有A項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Thereisaboystudentdownstairs（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wantstoseeyou

B.whomwantstoseeyou

C.whichwantstoseeyou

D.hewantstoseeyou

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為boystudent，表示人，一般用that或who，故排除B、C兩項(xiàng)。當(dāng)therebe開(kāi)頭的句子，其主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句?？墒÷躁P(guān)系代詞。句意：樓下有一個(gè)男學(xué)生想見(jiàn)你。故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Mypain（

）apparenttheminuteIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:“Areyoufeelingallright?”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mustbe

B.hadbeen

C.musthavebeen

D.hadtobe

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。musthavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去肯定的假設(shè)。句意：我的疼痛一定很明顯，因?yàn)楫?dāng)我走進(jìn)房間時(shí)，我見(jiàn)到的第一個(gè)人問(wèn)道“你還好吧？”。由for…可推斷我的疼痛比較明顯。故C項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Headmittedthathewas___cocaineandcouldn’tgethimselfoutofit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.condemned

B.committed

C.addicted

D.abandoned

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.condemned判了死刑的B.committed盡心盡力的；堅(jiān)信的；堅(jiān)定的

C.addicted入了迷的；上了癮的

D.abandoned被離棄的；被遺棄的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】句中couldn’tgethimselfoutofit，這里的it指的是and前面的cocaine“可卡因”，句意為不能擺脫可卡因。因?yàn)槭怯蒩nd連接兩個(gè)句子，兩個(gè)句子表并列關(guān)系，綜合理解and前面的句子表示他對(duì)可卡因上癮。選C.addicted，形成固定搭配beaddictedto，對(duì)……上癮。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系

【句意】他承認(rèn)他對(duì)可卡因上癮，而且戒不掉。

6.單選題

Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:“Areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?”TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey’rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants’impactontheeconomyandthereality?

Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestressthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation’sfearsandinsecurities.There’ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren’tquitesufficient.

Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat’sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration’simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers—meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers’savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%from1980to2000.

Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants’accesstocertainbenefits.

Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected—say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents—theimpactisn’tallthatdramatic.“Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon.“Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone.”Toobadmostpeopledon’trealizeit.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

2.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?

3.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?

4.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?

5.Whatistheironyaboutthedebatedoverimmigration?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.

B.TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit’sadifferentstory.

C.Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.

D.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.

B.Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.

C.Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.

D.Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.

B.Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.

C.Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.

D.Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.

B.Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.

C.Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.

D.Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudge.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Eveneconomistscan’treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.

B.Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.

C.Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.

D.Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey’rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.絕大多數(shù)美國(guó)民眾認(rèn)為移民是有害的。然而，大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的共識(shí)是，無(wú)論是合法的還是非法的移民，都對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)有小小的促進(jìn)作用?！笨芍娕c經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家就移民是好還是壞有不同的看法。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes，andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.移民提供了廉價(jià)的勞動(dòng)力，降低了從農(nóng)產(chǎn)品到新住房等一切商品的價(jià)格，讓消費(fèi)者口袋里多了一些錢。”可知移民給普通美國(guó)人帶來(lái)的好處是：降低了物價(jià)，使他們手中能有多一些錢。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題.由題干關(guān)鍵詞“nativelow-skilledworkers”定位到第三段倒數(shù)一、二句“Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%from1980to2000.本地的低技能工人在與外國(guó)勞工的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中受害最深。根據(jù)哈佛大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家GeorgeBorjas的一項(xiàng)研究，從1980年到2000年，移民使美國(guó)高中輟學(xué)生的工資下降了9%。”可知C項(xiàng)“他們很難找到一份薪水體面的工作”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第四段“Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.換句話說(shuō)，他們最擔(dān)心的是移民帶來(lái)的財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)“它會(huì)給國(guó)家預(yù)算帶來(lái)很大壓力”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段“Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected—say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents—theimpactisn’tallthatdramatic.具有諷刺意味的是，盡管所有的爭(zhēng)論都過(guò)于激烈，移民的凈影響卻微乎其微。即使對(duì)那些受影響最嚴(yán)重的人——比如，低技能工人或加州居民——影響也不那么顯著?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“人們對(duì)影響不大的事情大驚小怪”正確，即人們對(duì)于移民的影響過(guò)于大驚小怪。

7.寫(xiě)作題

Directions:Writeanessayof180to200wordsonthetopic:“PrivateCarsShouldNotBeEncouragedinChina?”Youressayshouldincludeabeginning,abodyandaconclusion.Pleasepayspecialattentiontoitsstructure,contentandlanguage.Writetheessayontheanswersheet.

【答案】略

8.單選題

Withallitsadvantages,thecomputerisbynomeanswithoutits（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.boundaries

B.restraints

C.confinements

D.limitations

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。boundary“邊界，界限”；restraint“抑制，克制”；confinement“限制，監(jiān)禁”；limitation“限制，局限性”。句意：這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但并不是沒(méi)有局限性。由bynomeans“并非，決不”可知后半句與前半句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故D項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Herhusbandisinterestedindesigningelectronic（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.management

B.safety

C.devices

D.routine

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。management“管理，經(jīng)營(yíng)”；safety“安全”；device“設(shè)備”；routine“例行公事，常規(guī)”。electronicdevices“電子設(shè)備”。句意：她丈夫?qū)υO(shè)計(jì)電子設(shè)備感興趣。故C項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Mostofhisfellowworkersdon'tlikehimbecauseheoften___ofhispastglory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bursts

B.bawls

C.boasts

D.bans

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.bursts爆發(fā)B.bawls大叫

C.boasts自夸；夸耀D.bans禁止

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】空格處接of組成固定短語(yǔ)?？崭裉幍膭?dòng)詞與光輝事跡相連接，與前文同事們不喜歡他相照應(yīng)。C選項(xiàng)boastof“自夸”在這里表示他總是自己夸耀自己，符合句子邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】他的大多數(shù)同事都不喜歡他，因?yàn)樗?jīng)常吹噓自己過(guò)去的輝煌。

11.單選題

Theprofessorknowshissubject,buthehastrouble（

）hisideasacrosstothestudents.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.getting

B.making

C.setting

D.forming

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。getacross通過(guò)，使……被理解；句意：這個(gè)教授知道他的主題，但他很難使自己的觀點(diǎn)被學(xué)生理解。

12.單選題

Iknownowthatall___humanbeingsworrythatotherswillfindoutthattheyarenotquitegoodenough.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sacred

B.holy

C.hysteric

D.sane

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.sacred神圣的B.holy神圣的

C.hysteric歇斯底里的D.sane健全的；理智的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意，……的人害怕其他人會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們不夠好。D.sane“理智的”符合句意。理智的人們一般會(huì)被認(rèn)為是強(qiáng)大的足夠優(yōu)秀的。人們會(huì)在理智的人們身上期待更多。所以這類人害怕別人發(fā)現(xiàn)他們其實(shí)不夠好。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】我現(xiàn)在知道，所有理智的人都擔(dān)心別人會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不夠好。

13.單選題

Onweekendsmygrandmausually（

）aglassofwine.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.involvesin

B.indulgesin

C.contributesto

D.excelsin

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。involvein“參與，涉及，卷入”；indulgein“沉溺于，沉湎于，沉浸于，喜歡”；contributeto“捐獻(xiàn)，促成”；excelin“在……方面勝過(guò)”。句意：在周末，我的奶奶通常喜歡喝一杯葡萄酒。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeepermoreimportantrelationships.

Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.

Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallyforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallengedbutdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentonthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyonthebasisofteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.

Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessors:oneisthetimeneededtokeepupwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“l(fā)ost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearchbuttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofessanditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorsunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators”orsomethingelse.

Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreat.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystem,butthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.

1.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inacademicpromotionsresearchuniversitiesstillattachmoreimportancetoresearchpartlybecause（

）.

3.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

4.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhofirstandforemostdo（

）.

5.Thephrase"theproblem”(Line3,Para.5)refersto（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Therelationshipbetweenteachingandresearchshouldnotbesimplified.

B.Teachingandresearcharecontradictory.

C.Researchcanneverbeemphasizedtoomuch.

D.Itiswrongtooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.researchimprovesthequalityofteaching

B.studentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessors

C.professorswithachievementsinresearchareusuallyresponsibleandtough

D.itisdifficulttoevaluateteachingqualityobjectively

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Distinguishedprofessorsatresearchuniversitiesshouldconcentrateonresearchonly.

B.Itisofutmostimportancetoimproveteachinginelementaryschoolsinordertotrainnewscientists.

C.Theseparationofteachingfromresearchcanlowerthequalityoffuturescientists.

D.Therapiddevelopmentofmodernsciencemakesitimpossibletocombineteachingwithresearch.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.scientificresearch

B.teaching

C.fieldwork

D.investigation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.raisingthestatusofteaching

B.theseparationofteachingfromresearch

C.thecombinationofteachingwithresearch

D.improvingthestatusofresearch

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀第一段“Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeepermoreimportantrelationships.最近在報(bào)紙和雜志上的報(bào)道表明，教學(xué)和研究是相互矛盾的，研究在學(xué)術(shù)推廣中扮演的角色過(guò)于突出，而對(duì)教學(xué)的重視嚴(yán)重不足。這些說(shuō)法有一定的真實(shí)性，但它們也忽略了更深層次更重要的關(guān)系。”可知作者認(rèn)為教學(xué)與研究的更深層次的關(guān)系被忽略了。故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallyforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.大多數(shù)研究型大學(xué)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)杰出的教學(xué)，但通常對(duì)研究成果給予最大認(rèn)可。部分原因是很難對(duì)教學(xué)進(jìn)行評(píng)判?！笨芍髮W(xué)重視研究的部分原因是很難客觀評(píng)判教學(xué)。故D項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第四段“Althoughscientistsareusually‘made’intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe‘lost’bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.盡管科學(xué)家通常是在小學(xué)‘培養(yǎng)’出來(lái)的，但科學(xué)家也可能因?yàn)榇髮W(xué)和研究生階段糟糕的教學(xué)而‘流失’?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“為了培養(yǎng)新的科學(xué)家，改善小學(xué)的教學(xué)是最重要的”錯(cuò)誤。A項(xiàng)“研究型大學(xué)的杰出教授應(yīng)該只專注于研究”only表達(dá)過(guò)于絕對(duì)，故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的迅速發(fā)展使教學(xué)與研究不能結(jié)合起來(lái)?！卞e(cuò)誤。故C項(xiàng)“教學(xué)與科研分離會(huì)降低未來(lái)科學(xué)家的素質(zhì)”符合文章內(nèi)容。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第四段“Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofessanditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorsunwillingtoteachcanbecalled‘distinguishedresearchinvestigators’orsomethingelse.教授的頭銜應(yīng)該只授予那些從事教授工作的人，也許大學(xué)是時(shí)候把它保留給那些愿意成為學(xué)者群體中重要一部分的人了。不愿意教書(shū)的教授可以被稱為‘杰出的研究人員’或別的什么。”可知教授的頭銜應(yīng)該留給愿意教學(xué)的人。故B項(xiàng)正確。

5.詞義題。由最后一句“Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystem,butthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.那些說(shuō)我們可以把教學(xué)和科研分開(kāi)的人根本不了解這個(gè)制度，但那些說(shuō)這個(gè)問(wèn)題會(huì)消失的人沒(méi)有盡到自己的責(zé)任。”可知“這個(gè)問(wèn)題”指教學(xué)和科研分開(kāi)，故B項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Pricesdeterminehowresourcesaretobeused.Theyarealsothemeansbywhichproductsandservicesthatareinlimitedsupplyarerationedamongbuyers.ThepricesystemoftheUnitedStatesisaverycomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professionaltransportation,andpublicutilityservices.Theinterrelationshipsofallthesepricesmakeupthe“system”ofprices.Thepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroad,complicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelse.

Ifoneweretoaskagroupofrandomlyselectedindividualstodefine“price”,manywouldreplythatpriceisanamountofmoneypaidbythebuyertothesellerofaproductofserviceor,inotherwords,thatpriceisthemoneyvalueofaproductofserviceasagreeduponinamarkettransaction.Thisdefinitionis,ofcourse,validasfarasitgoes.Foracompleteunderstandingofapriceinanyparticulartransaction,muchmorethantheamountofmoneyinvolvedmustbeknown.Boththebuyerandthesellershouldbefamiliarwithnotonlythemoneyamount,butwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchanged,thetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewilltakeplaceandpaymentwillbemade,theformofmoneytobeused,thecredittermsanddiscountsthatsupplytothetransaction,guaranteesontheproductorservice,deliveryterms,returnprivileges,andotherfactors.Inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal“package”beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thepricesystemisrelatedprimarilyto（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTafactorinthecompleteunderstandingofprice?

4.Inthelastsentenceofthepassage,“they”refersto（

）.

5.Theparagraphfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscusses（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheInherentWeaknessesofthePriceSystem

B.TheComplexitiesofthePriceSystem

C.CreditTermsinTransactions

D.ResourceAllocationandthePublicSector

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.laborandeducation

B.transportationandinsurance

C.utilitiesandrepairs

D.productsandservices

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Instructionsthatcomewithaproduct

B.Thequantityofaproduct

C.Thequalityofaproduct

D.Warrantiesthatcoveraproduct

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.returnprivileges

B.allthefactors

C.buyerandseller

D.money

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.unusualwaystoadvertiseproducts

B.typesofpaymentplansforservice

C.theoriesabouthowproductsaffectdifferentlevelsofsociety

D.howcertainelementsofaprice"package”influenceitsmarketvalue

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由第一段“ThepricesystemoftheUnitedStatesisaverycomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professionaltransportation,andpublicutilityservices.美國(guó)的價(jià)格系統(tǒng)是非常復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)狀系統(tǒng)，包括經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中一切產(chǎn)品買賣的價(jià)格，也包括名目繁多的各種服務(wù)，如勞動(dòng)力、專職交通、公共事業(yè)等服務(wù)的價(jià)格?！笨芍疚闹饕獌?nèi)容為美國(guó)的復(fù)雜價(jià)格體系。故B項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Thepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroad,complicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelse.任何一種特定產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的價(jià)格都與這個(gè)廣泛而復(fù)雜的價(jià)格系統(tǒng)聯(lián)系在一起，而且或多或少地受到系統(tǒng)中其他成分的制約?！笨芍獌r(jià)格與產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)有關(guān)。故D項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Boththebuyerandthesellershouldbefamiliarwithnotonlythemoneyamount,butwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchanged,thetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewilltakeplaceandpaymentwillbemade,theformofmoneytobeused,thecredittermsanddiscountsthatsupplytothetransaction,guaranteesontheproductorservice,deliveryterms,returnprivileges,andotherfactors.買方和賣方都應(yīng)該熟悉不僅金額,而且產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量或服務(wù)的交換,進(jìn)行交換和付款的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn),資金使用的形式,提供給交易的本信用證條款和折扣,產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的保證,交貨條件,返回特權(quán),和其他因素都要了解?！笨芍I賣雙方要了解的不僅僅是錢的數(shù)量，而且還有產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)等。故A項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書(shū)”沒(méi)有提及。

4.推理判斷題。由本文最后一句“Inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal"package”beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.換句話說(shuō)，買方和賣方都應(yīng)該充分了解構(gòu)成交換的所有因素，以便他們可以評(píng)估一個(gè)給定的價(jià)格?！笨芍猼hey指代買方和賣方。故C項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一句“Inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal‘package’beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.換句話說(shuō)，買方和賣方都應(yīng)該充分了解構(gòu)成交換的所有因素，以便他們可以評(píng)估一個(gè)給定的價(jià)格?！笨芍挛目赡苡懻撚嘘P(guān)構(gòu)成買賣的各種因素。故D項(xiàng)正確。

16.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TheestablishmentoftheThirdReichinfluencedeventsinAmericanhistorybystartingachainofeventswhichculminatedinwarbetweenGermanyandtheUnitedStates.Thecompetedestructionofdemocracy,thepersecutionofJews,thewaronreligion,thecrueltyandbarbarismoftheNazis,andespeciallytheplansofGermanyandherallies,ItalyandJapan,forworldconquestcausedgreatindignationinthiscountryandbroughtonfearofanotherworldwar.

WhilespeakingoutagainstHitler’satrocities,theAmericanpeoplegenerallyfavoredisolationistpoliciesandneutrality.

TheNeutralityActsof1935and1936prohibitedtradewithanybelligerentsorloanstothem.In1937thePresidentwasempoweredtodeclareanarmsembargoinwarsbetweennationsathisdiscretion.

AmericanopinionbegantochangesomewhatafterPresidentRoosevelt’s“quarantinetheaggressor”speechatChicago(1937)inwhichheseverelycriticizedHitler’spolicies.Germany’sseizureofAustriaandtheMunichPactforthepartitionofCzechoslovakia(1938)alsoarousedtheAmericanpeople.

TheconquestofCzechoslovakiainMarch,1939wasanotherrudeawakeningtothemenaceoftheThirdReich.InAugust,1939cametheshockoftheNazi-sovietPactandinSeptembertheattackonPolandandtheoutbreakofEuropeanwar.

TheUnitedStatesattemptedtomaintainneutralityinspiteofsympathyforthedemocraciesarrayedagainsttheThirdReich.TheNeutralityActof1939repealedthearmsembargoandpermitted“cashandcarry”exportsofarmstobelligerentnations.Astrongnationaldefenseprogramwasbegun.

Adraftactwaspassed(1940)tostrengthenthemilitaryservices.ALendAct(1941)authorizedthePresidenttosell,exchange,orlendmaterialstoanycountrydeemednecessarybyhimforthedefenseoftheUnitedStates.HelpwasgiventoBritainbyexchangingcertainoveragedestroyersfortherighttoestablishAmericanbasesinBritishterritoryintheWesternHemisphere.InAugust,1940PresidentRooseveltandPrimeMinisterChurchillmetandissuedtheAtlanticCharterwhichproclaimedthekindofaworldwhichshouldbeestablishedafterthewar.

InDecember,1941,JapanlaunchedtheunprovokedattackontheUnitedStatesatPearlHarbor.Immediatelythereafter,GermanydeclaredwarontheUnitedStates.

1.Oneitemoccurringbefore1937thattheauthordoesnotmentioninhislistofactionsthatalienatedtheAmericanpublicwas_____.

2.TheLend-LeaseActwasdesignedto_____.

3.Americanpolicyduringtheyears1935-1936maybedescribedasbeing______.

4.TheNeutralityActof1939______.

5.WeenteredthewaragainstGermany________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theburningoftheReichstag

B.Germanplansforconquest

C.Nazibarbarism

D.thepersecutionofreligiousgroup

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.helptheBritish

B.strengthenthenationaldefenseoftheUnitedStates

C.promotetheAtlanticCharter

D.avengePearlHarbor

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.watchful

B.isolationist

C.peaceful

D.indifferent

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.permittedthesellingofarmstobelligerentnations

B.antagonizedJapan

C.permittedtheBritishtotradeonlywiththeAllies

D.ledtotheLend-LeaseAct

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.becauseGermanydeclaredwar

B.becauseJapanwasanallyofGermany

C.afterGermanyhadsignedtheNazi-SovietPact

D.afterpeacefuleffortshadfailed

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Oneitemoccurringbefore1937thattheauthordoesnotmentioninhislistofactionsthatalienatedtheAmericanpublicwas____.有一件事發(fā)生在1937年之前，但作者在他的疏遠(yuǎn)美國(guó)公眾的行為清單中沒(méi)有提到的是____。

A.theburningoftheReichstagA.國(guó)會(huì)大廈的焚毀

B.GermanplansforconquestB.德國(guó)征服計(jì)劃

C.NazibarbarismC.納粹暴虐

D.thepersecutionofreligiousgroupD.宗教團(tuán)體的迫害

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.1第二句，該處講到“對(duì)猶太人的迫害（thepersecutionofJews）”“納粹的暴虐（barbarismoftheNazis）”以及“德國(guó)征服計(jì)劃（theplansofGermany…forworldconquest）”。B、C、D都有提到，只有A沒(méi)有。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)國(guó)會(huì)大廈的焚毀，屬于無(wú)中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheLend-LeaseActwasdesignedto____.租借法案的目的是____。

A.helptheBritishA.幫助英國(guó)

B.strengthenthenationaldefenseoftheUnitedStatesB.加強(qiáng)美國(guó)的國(guó)防

C.promotetheAtlanticCharterC.促進(jìn)《大西洋憲章》

D.avengePearlHarborD.珍珠港報(bào)仇

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞Lend-LeaseAct可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第二句“《租借法案》（1941年）授權(quán)總統(tǒng)向他認(rèn)為保衛(wèi)美國(guó)（forthedefenseoftheUnitedStates）所需的任何國(guó)家出售、交換或租借材料”。換言之，就是加強(qiáng)美國(guó)的國(guó)防。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“幫助英國(guó)”，這個(gè)法案頒布后確實(shí)給英國(guó)提供了幫助，但是這不是美國(guó)的根本目的。A選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“促進(jìn)《大西洋憲章》”，文中沒(méi)有提到，C選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“珍珠港報(bào)仇”，文中沒(méi)有提及兩者的關(guān)系，D選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Americanpolicyduringtheyears1935-1936maybedescribedasbeing____.美國(guó)在1935-1936年間的政策可以被描述為_(kāi)___。

A.watchfulA.注意的；警惕的

B.isolationistB.孤立主義的

C.peacefulC.和平的，愛(ài)好和平的

D.indifferentD.冷淡的，不關(guān)心的

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞1935-1936與題干信息詞Americanpolicy可定位到Para.3第一句，該處講到“1935-1936的中立法案（TheNeutralityActsof1935and1936）”。還講到“美國(guó)人民普遍支持孤立政策”。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“警惕的”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“和平的”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“冷淡的”，屬于無(wú)中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheNeutralityActof1939____.1939年《中立法案》____。

A.permittedthesellingofarmstobelligerentnationsA.允許向交戰(zhàn)國(guó)家出售武器

B.antagonizedJapanB.對(duì)抗日本

C.permittedtheBritishtotradeonlywiththeAlliesC.允許英國(guó)只與協(xié)約國(guó)進(jìn)行貿(mào)易

D.ledtotheLend-LeaseActD.導(dǎo)致了《租借法案》的出臺(tái)

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞TheNeutralityActof1939可定位到倒數(shù)第三段第二句，該處講到“廢棄了武器禁運(yùn)，允許向交戰(zhàn)國(guó)家‘現(xiàn)購(gòu)自運(yùn)’出口武器”。換言之，允許對(duì)交戰(zhàn)國(guó)家出口武器。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，A選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)抗日本”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“允許英國(guó)只與協(xié)約國(guó)進(jìn)行貿(mào)易”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致了《租借法案》的出臺(tái)”，文中沒(méi)有提及兩者關(guān)系，D選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推斷。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WeenteredthewaragainstGermany____.我們參加了對(duì)德戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)____。

A.becauseGermanydeclaredwarA.因?yàn)榈聡?guó)宣戰(zhàn)了

B.becauseJapanwasanallyofGermanyB.因?yàn)槿毡臼堑聡?guó)的盟友

C.afterGermanyhadsignedtheNazi-Soviet

C.在德國(guó)簽署了納粹—蘇聯(lián)條約之后

D.afterpeacefuleffortshadfailedD.在和平努力失敗之后

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段，該處講到“緊接著，德國(guó)向美國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)”。因?yàn)榍拔囊恢敝v到美國(guó)處于中立狀態(tài)，所以德國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)才參加了對(duì)德戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，A選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槿毡臼堑聡?guó)的盟友”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“在德國(guó)簽署了納粹-蘇聯(lián)條約之后”，文中沒(méi)有提過(guò)，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“在和平努力失敗之后”，文中美國(guó)一直處于中立狀態(tài)，沒(méi)有進(jìn)行和平努力，屬于無(wú)中生有。

17.單選題

Chinawill___smokinginmostpublicplaceslaterthisyear.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ban

B.fight

C.against

D.object

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.ban禁止；取締B.fight與……斗爭(zhēng)

C.against反對(duì)，違反（介詞）D.object提出……作為反對(duì)的理由；反對(duì)；拒絕

【考查點(diǎn)】近義詞辨析。

【解題思路】A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“反對(duì)”的意思。由空格處可知，空格前是助動(dòng)詞will，因此空格處填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞?？崭窈蠼觿?dòng)詞的ing形式。只有A選項(xiàng)ban“禁止”滿足這兩個(gè)條件。因此選項(xiàng)A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)fight加介詞加doingsth；

C選項(xiàng)against是介詞；

D選項(xiàng)object的用法是objectsth或objecttodoingsth。

以上選項(xiàng)均不搭配。

【句意】今年晚些時(shí)候，中國(guó)將在大部分公共場(chǎng)所禁煙。

18.單選題

Hefailedto（

）himselftothenewenvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adopt

B.adapt

C.attach

D.abduct

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。adopt“采用，收養(yǎng)”；adapt“適應(yīng)”；attach“使聯(lián)系，使依附”；abduct“綁架，誘拐”。句意：他不能適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.翻譯題

最近的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退表明了我們對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的依賴。經(jīng)濟(jì)步履蹣跚的時(shí)候會(huì)發(fā)生什么情況？那時(shí)，金融市場(chǎng)會(huì)崩潰，房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格猛跌，就業(yè)率降低。這么一來(lái)，凱恩斯經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)就會(huì)重新興起。政府投入大量資金，讓經(jīng)濟(jì)重新運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，同時(shí)寄希望于減稅和財(cái)政刺激來(lái)促進(jìn)投資、生產(chǎn)和就