高中英語(yǔ)必修一 Unit 5 Languages around the World 詞匯習(xí) + 語(yǔ)篇訓(xùn)練 （教師版）高一英語(yǔ)教材知識(shí)講（） 副本

Unit5LanguagesaroundtheWorld詞匯學(xué)習(xí)1+語(yǔ)篇訓(xùn)練(教師版)【新教材精創(chuàng)】

2020-2021學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)新教材知識(shí)講學(xué)（人教版必修第一冊(cè)）

Step1詞匯分類(lèi)記憶

Task1閱讀詞匯(英譯中)

1,reference參考；指稱(chēng)關(guān)系

2,upsanddowns沉浮；興衰；榮辱

3,despite即使；盡管

4,factor因素；要素

5,based以……為基礎(chǔ)的；以……為重要部分的

6,dateback(to...)追溯到

7,symbol符號(hào)；象征

8,shell殼；殼狀物

9,carve雕刻

10,dynasty王朝；朝代

11,dialect地方語(yǔ)；方言

12,regardn.尊重；關(guān)注;vt.把……視為

13,calligraphy書(shū)法；書(shū)法藝術(shù)

14,affair公共事務(wù)；事件；關(guān)系

15,appreciate欣賞；重視；感激

16,specific特定的；明確的

17,character人物；性格；漢字

18,gap差距；間隙；開(kāi)口

19,semester學(xué)期

20,pants褲子；內(nèi)褲；短褲

21,description描寫(xiě)(文字);形容

22,Koreann.朝鮮(或韓國(guó))語(yǔ)；朝鮮(或韓國(guó))人;adj.朝鮮(或韓國(guó))的

23,Danishn.丹麥語(yǔ)；丹麥人；adj.丹麥的

24,Denmark丹麥

25,Arabic阿拉伯語(yǔ)

26,FIFA國(guó)際足聯(lián)

27,CE(CommonEra)公園

Task2寫(xiě)作詞匯(中譯英)

1,提到；參考；查閱refer

2,指的是；描述；提到；查閱(短語(yǔ))referto

3,體系；制度；系統(tǒng)system

4,出生地的；本地的；土著的；本地人native

5,態(tài)度；看法attitude

6,十億billion

7,以……為據(jù)點(diǎn)；以……為基礎(chǔ)；底部；根據(jù)base

8,骨頭；骨(質(zhì))bone

9,(植物、語(yǔ)言等的)變體；異體；多樣化variety

10,主要的；重要的；主修課程；主修；專(zhuān)門(mén)研究major

11,不論哪里/誰(shuí)/什么等等；不管哪里/誰(shuí)/什么等等nomatterwhere/who/whatetc.

12,方式；方法；途徑means

13,傳統(tǒng)的；最優(yōu)秀的；典型的；經(jīng)典作品；名著classic

14,全球的；全世界的global

15,斗爭(zhēng)；奮斗；拼搏struggle

16,舌頭；語(yǔ)言tongue

→母語(yǔ)mothertongue=nativelanguage

17,觀(guān)點(diǎn)；看法pointofview

18,汽油；氣體gas

19,汽油(NAmEgas)petrol

20,地鐵subway

21,公寓套房apartment

22,懇求；乞求；哀求beg

23,同等的人；相等物；相同的；同樣的equal

24,要求；需求；強(qiáng)烈要求；查問(wèn)demand

25,詞匯vocabulary

26,聯(lián)系；講述relate

27,與……相關(guān)；涉及；談到relateto

Task3詞性變換或常用詞塊

1,reference→v.refer2,base→adj.based→n.basis(基礎(chǔ)；基底)

3,symbol→adj.symbolic4,Danish→n.Denmark丹麥

5,affair→常用詞塊:haveanaffairwithsb.與某人有曖昧關(guān)系；foreignaffairs外交事務(wù)

6,appreciate→n.appreciation7,specific→adv.specifically

8,semester→同義詞：term9,description→v.describe

10,Korean→n.Korea/SouthKorea(韓國(guó))→NorthKorea(朝鮮)

11,system→adj.systematic有系統(tǒng)的；分類(lèi)的；體系的；有條理的

12,attitude→常用詞塊:an/theattitudeto/towards...對(duì)……的態(tài)度

13,variety→adj.various→v.vary14,major→n.majority大多數(shù)；多數(shù)；多數(shù)黨；多數(shù)派

15,global→n.globe地球(儀)；球體；世界→常用詞塊:globalwarming全球氣候變暖

16,equal→adv.equally→n.equality17,beg→n.beggar乞丐；窮人

18,relate→adj.related

相關(guān)的；有親屬關(guān)系的；屬于同一種類(lèi)的(或組別的)→n.relation

關(guān)系；聯(lián)系；親戚；陳述；參考

Step2詞匯運(yùn)用檢測(cè)。

Task1CompletethefollowingsentencesaccordingtotheChinesemeaning.

Ittookthemmorethanonebilliondollarstocompletetheproject.

完成這個(gè)工程花費(fèi)了他們十億多美元。

Somecomputerscanperformoverabillioncomputationasecond.

有些計(jì)算機(jī)一秒鐘能完成超過(guò)十億次運(yùn)算。

He'semigratedtotheUSAandgonecompletelynative.

他已移居美國(guó)，完全成了美國(guó)人。

MynativelanguageisChinese.我的母語(yǔ)是漢語(yǔ)。

ThekangarooisanativeofAustralia.袋鼠是產(chǎn)于澳大利亞的動(dòng)物。

HeisaBeijingnative.他是土生土長(zhǎng)的北京人。

Wemustmaintainafirmattitude.我們必須采取堅(jiān)定的態(tài)度。

Sheshowsaverypositiveattitudetoherwork.她工作態(tài)度非常積極。

Thisbookisforreferenceonly.這本書(shū)僅供參考。

Thisframeofreferencewillbedeterminedbythelimitationsontherationalman'sknowledge.

這個(gè)參照系統(tǒng)決定于理性人知識(shí)的限制。

Wereferredtheproposaltotheboardofdirectors.我們把這一建議提交董事會(huì)處理。

Youshouldreferthismattertotheheadofficeforadecision.

你應(yīng)當(dāng)把這事提交總部去決定。

Youcanrefertoadictionaryifnecessary.如果有必要，你可以參考字典。

Thespeakeroftenreferredtohisnotes.那位演講者一再參考他的講稿。

Therulerefersonlytospecialcases.這條規(guī)則只涉及一些特殊的情況。

IwasnotreferringtoherwhenIsaidso.當(dāng)我那么說(shuō)時(shí),我并不是指她。

Thedrainagesystemhasbeenaged.排水系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)老化了。

Themagazineisproducedusingadesktoppublishingsystem.

這本雜志用一個(gè)桌面的出版系統(tǒng)做出來(lái)的。

Despiteoldage,sheisstilllearningtodrive.盡管年事已高,她還在學(xué)開(kāi)車(chē)。

Despitealloureffortswestilllostthegame.盡管我們盡了全力，我們還是輸?shù)袅吮荣悺?/p>

Task2單句語(yǔ)法填空

Herbosomrose(rise)andfellasshebreathed.

Thedeterminatefactorofoureconomy(economic)istocontrolinflation.

3.Thecommittee'ssupportisanimportantfactorinthesuccess(succeed)oftheproject.

4.Wearebased(base)inChicago.

5.Thecompany'sheadquartersisbasedinLondon.

6.Ifoundasmallleafatthebaseoftheflower.

7.Ourmissionwasover,andwent(go)backtoourbase.

8.Thisnovelisbasedonhistoricalfacts.

9.Scientists(science)havedatedthefossilsbytheirbonestructure.

10.Surgeonshavemadeagreatbreakthroughintheboneoperation(operate).

11.Thereisanornamentmade(make)ofshellsonthewall.

12.Allthatremainedofthebuildingafterthefirewasanemptyshell.

13.Thechemical(chemistry)symbolforcopperis"Cu".

14.Thestatuewascarved(carve)outofmarble(大理石).

15.Wewilllookforapumpkin,tocarveintoajack-o-lantern.

16.Howmanydynasties(dynasty)arethereinChina'shistory?

17.TheQingDynastyended(end)in1911.

18.Thehoteloffersitsguestsawidevariety(various)ofamusements.

19.Lastweekwewent(go)toavarietyshow.

20.Thatiswhythetelevisionnetworkskeepserving(serve)upoldmoviesandsecond-ratevarietyprogrammes.

Task3Translation.

那個(gè)城市聚集了全國(guó)大部分人口。(major)

Thecityholdsthemajorportionofthepopulationinthecountry.

2.教育孩子成為誠(chéng)實(shí)的人是我們的主要目標(biāo)之一。(major)

Teachingchildrentobeanhonestpersonisoneofourmajorobjectives.

3.他是主修歷史的學(xué)生。(major)

Heisahistorymajor.

她在大學(xué)期間主修數(shù)學(xué)和物理。

Shemajoredinmathsandphysicsatuniversity.(major)

5.不管她在哪里，她都會(huì)是幸福的。(Nomatterwhere)

Nomatterwhereshemaybe,shewillbehappy.

6.她說(shuō)一口方言，不是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)。(dialect)

Shespeaksadialect,nottheQueen'sEnglish.

7.有什么方法可以到那里嗎？(means)

Arethereanymeansofgettingthere?

我們用詞句來(lái)表達(dá)思想。(means)

Weexpressourthoughtbymeansofwords.

9.《戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平》是一部經(jīng)典文學(xué)著作。(classic)

WarandPeaceisaliteraryclassic.

10.這篇小說(shuō)被公認(rèn)為是最優(yōu)秀的作品之一。(classic)

Thenovelisregardedasoneoftheclassicworks.

11.這位藝術(shù)家非常受尊敬。(regard)

Theartistwashighlyregarded.

我把看書(shū)當(dāng)作一種消遣的形式。(regard)

Iregardreadingasaformofrecreation.

我這樣做是出于對(duì)我妹妹的關(guān)心。(regard)

Ihavedonethatoutofregardformysister.

14.這孩子個(gè)性很強(qiáng)。(character)

Theboyhasastrongcharacter.

15.他因品質(zhì)高尚而被人懷念。(character)

Heisrememberedforthenobilityofhischaracter.

您可以在那個(gè)書(shū)架上找到有關(guān)書(shū)法的書(shū)。(calligraphy)

Youcanfindbooksaboutcalligraphyonthatshelf.

17.綠色運(yùn)動(dòng)是全球性的現(xiàn)象。(global)

Thegreencampaignisaglobalphenomenon.

18.空氣污染是全球性的問(wèn)題。(global)

Airpollutionisaglobalproblem.

19.他們的風(fēng)流韻事是公開(kāi)的秘密。(loveaffair)

Theirloveaffairisanopensecret.

20.我很欣賞他對(duì)工作的極端專(zhuān)注。(appreciate)

Ireallyappreciatehiscompleteabsorptioninhiswork.

Step3語(yǔ)篇提升訓(xùn)練(語(yǔ)法填空)

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

1

Whenyouownahouse,thereisalwayssomethingthatneedstobedone.Ihavebeenputtingoff

1.repainting

(repaint)thegarage.Idecidedthatitwastimeformetorepaintitthisweekend.Iwentto

2.a

homeimprovementstoreearlyinthemorningtogetwhatI

3.needed

(need).Iwalkedintothewonderfulstoreandbeganlooking

4.for

thepaintdepartment.Itriedtofindastoreemployeetoaskaboutit,

5.but

therewasnooneinsight.Iwalkeddowntheplumbingaisles(過(guò)道)and

6.finally

(final)foundthepaintdepartment.IlookedatthepaintsamplesandfoundthecolorIwanted.I

7.took

(take)anumbertohavemypaintmixed.Whenmynumberwascalled,IgavetheemployeethesampleofthecolorIwanted.Atthesametime,Igotsomebrushesandrags.Afterabouttwenty

8.minutes

(minute),theemployeecalled

9.my

(I)numberandIpickedupmypaintandtheothersupplies.Iwenttothecounter,whereIwaitedfor

10.more

(much)than10minutestopay.Afterallthat,Iwastired.ButIhaven'tevenstartedpaintingyet!MaybeI'lldothatthenextweekend.

答案與解析：

1.repainting

答案：repainting

解析：考查動(dòng)名詞。putoffdoingsth意為：推遲做某事。

2.a

答案：a

解析：考查冠詞。首次提到的事物用不定冠詞，且home是輔音音素開(kāi)頭的，故填a。

3.needed

答案：needed

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。表示去商店的目的是為了“買(mǎi)我所要的東西”根據(jù)上下文可知需要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

4.for

答案：for

解析：考查介詞。很據(jù)上下文，作者去商店買(mǎi)東西，因此到了商店后開(kāi)始尋找自己需要的東西。lookfor意為尋找，是固定搭配。

5.but

答案：but

解析：考查連詞。根據(jù)上下文可知此處前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故要用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but。

6.finally

答案：finally

解析：考查副詞。在句中作狀語(yǔ)，故用副詞形式。

7.took

答案：took

解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文可知此處要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。

8.minutes

答案：minutes

解析：考查名詞。根據(jù)twenty知此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。

9.my

答案：my

解析：考查代詞。修飾名詞用形容詞性物主代詞。

10.more

答案：more

解析：考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)后文than10minutestopay可知，作者等了十多分鐘去付款。

2

IoftenwalkfromworktotheEmbarcaderoBARTstation,whereIcatchatrainbacktotheEastBay.Severaltimes,Ipassed

1.a

gentlemanwhoIthoughtwashomeless.Hehadalotofhisthings

2.tied

(tie)downtohisbikeandheldacardboardsignsayinghewasapersonwhodidn'tdrinkorsmoke,butwouldappreciateanythingthatcould

3.begiven

(give).Heusuallyhadheadphonesonandwaslisteningtotheradio.Severaltimes,

4.when

Ipassedhim,IrealizedIhadsomefoodwithme.SoIturnedaroundandoffered

5.him

(he)thefood(mostrecently,ahamburger).Hetookoffhisheadphones,andsaid,"Umm,

6.hamburgers

(hamburger)aremyfavorite!"withabigsmileonhisface.Hethankedmeso

7.warmly

(warm).Inthepast,ImethomelesspeoplewhoturneddownthefoodIwasoffering,

8.saying

(say)thattheywantedonlymoneyinstead.Sothis

9.amazing

(amaze)gentlemanbeingsoopentoreceivingtouchedme.AmIgratefulwhenI'mgifted

10.withsomething?Sometimesyes,sometimesno,butrarelyassincereasthismanhasbeen.

答案與解析：

1.a

答案：a

解析：考查冠詞。首次提到的名詞，表示泛指用不定冠詞修飾，且gentleman是輔音音素開(kāi)頭的，故填冠詞a。

2.tied

答案：tied

解析：考查分詞。havesthdone為固定搭配。

3.begiven

答案：begiven

解析：考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。anything與give之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)詞原形，故填begiven。

4.when

答案：when

解析：考查連詞。此處需要一個(gè)連詞，表示在……的時(shí)候。

5.him

答案：him

解析：考查代詞。用him指代上文中的那個(gè)gentleman。

6.hamburgers

答案：hamburgers

解析：考查名詞。由are可知此處用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填hamburgers。

7.warmly

答案：warmly

解析：考查副詞。修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用副詞。

8.saying

答案：saying

解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。homelesspeople與say之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故此處要用動(dòng)詞的ing形式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。

9.amazing

答案：amazing

解析：考查形容詞。此處用形容詞修飾名詞。

10.with

答案：with

解析：考查介詞。begiftedwithsth是固定搭配，表示被贈(zèng)予某事物。

閱讀理解

A篇

BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglisharealmostthesame.ButthereareslightdifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglishinvocabulary,pronunciation,spellingandgrammar.

ThefirstdifferencebetweenBritishandAmericanEnglishisinvocabulary.AlmostallofthewordsusedinBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishareexactlythesame.Onlyaverysmallnumberofwordsareused

disparately.Forexample,whentalkingabouttheplacewheretheylive,Americanswouldsay"apartment",buttheBritishwouldsay"flat".Inadditiontosomecommonwords,manyidiomatic(慣用的)expressionsarealsodifferent.InEnglandpeoplemightsay"I'llringyouuptonight",butintheUS,peoplemightsay"I'llcallyouuptonight".

TheseconddifferencebetweenBritishandAmericanEnglishisinpronunciation.Themaindifferenceinpronunciationconcernsthevowels(元音).SomeAmericandialectsandsomeBritishdialectsusevowelsindifferentways.Sometimes,AmericansandtheBritishdon'tunderstandeachother'spronunciation.Butmostofthetime,theydounderstandeachother'spronunciationbecausemostofthesoundsofthetwodialectsarethesame.

Thethirddifferenceisverysmall.Thisisthedifferenceinspelling.AfewtypesofwordsarespelleddifferentlyinBritishandAmericanEnglish.Themostcommonexampleisinawordlike"center".InBritishEnglish,thiswordwouldbespelledC-E-N-T-R-E,whileinAmericanEnglishthesamewordwouldbespelledC-E-N-T-E-R.Anotherexampleis"or"vs"our".Theword"color"isspelledC-O-L-O-U-RinBritainbutC-O-L-O-RintheUS.

Thereareafewdifferencesingrammar,too.TheBritishmaysay"Haveyougot...?"whileAmericansprefer"Doyouhave...?"AnAmericanmightsay"Myfriendjustarrived",butaBritishwouldsay"Myfriendhasjustarrived".Sometimesfunctionwordsareuseddifferently:theBritishmaysay"attheweekend",butAmericanswouldsay"ontheweekend".

1.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

A.HowtheBritishcommunicatewithAmericans.

B.HowBritishEnglishinfluencesAmericanEnglish.

C.Thedevelopmentofdifferentlanguages.

D.DifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish.

答案：D

解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，作者主要向我們介紹了英式英語(yǔ)和美式英語(yǔ)之間的一些差異。

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"disparately"inParagraph2mean?

A.Widely.B.Differently.C.Again.D.Often.

答案：B

解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文的…whentalkingabouttheplacewheretheylive,Americanswouldsay“apartment”,buttheBritishwouldsay“flat”.可知，這里是說(shuō)有些單詞的用法“不一樣”，由此可知答案。

AccordingtoParagraph3,AmericansandtheBritishmaynotunderstandeachotherbecauseof

______.

thedifferencesinspellingB.thedifferentidiomaticexpressions

C.thedifferencesingrammarD.thedifferentwaysofusingvowels

答案：D

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的Themaindifferenceinpronunciationconcernsthevowels.可知答案。

Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?

A.B.C.D.

答案：B

解析：篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章第一段總領(lǐng)全文，指出英式英語(yǔ)和美式英語(yǔ)存在四個(gè)方面的差異，后面四段分點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，由此可知答案。

B

Onlyabout10%ofdeafpeopleusesignlanguageastheirfirstlanguage.Manypeoplelosingtheirhearingthroughillnessorothercausesprefertospeakorlip-read.

Lip-readingisadifficultskilltoacquire.Eventhebestlip-readerscancatchonly25%—30%ofwhatisbeingsaid.Thepercentagemaybealittlehigherifthedeafpeopleknowthespeakerswell.Thisisbecausemanymouthmovementsaresimilarandmaylookthesametothem.

Actually,manydeafpeoplearenotphysicallymute(啞的)andhavetheabilitytospeak.Theydonotwanttobelabeledas"deaf-mute".Thereasonwhysomedeafpeoplemaychoosenottospeakisthatitisdifficultforthemtocontrolthevolumeorsoundoftheirvoicesinanunderstandablemanner.Manydeafpeopledospeakwell,buttheymayspeaktocommunicatewhenneeded,suchasshoutingtogettheattentionofothers.

Forsomedeafpeople,Englishisasecondlanguage.SotheystruggletounderstandwrittenEnglish,especiallyinhighlystressfulorserioussituations,tobettercommunicatewithothers.Ofcourse,asignlanguageinterpretermaybeneededtomakecommunicationeasierifthedeafpeoplehaveagoodgraspofsignlanguage.

Somepeoplemaybelikelytoshoutatdeafpeoplesoastomakethemselvesfullyunderstood.Infact,itdoesn'twork.Ifaspeakerincreasesthevolumeofhisvoice,hisfacewouldbecomedistorted(扭曲的)anditismoredifficultforthedeaftolip-read.

Hearingaidscanincreasesound