現(xiàn)代大學英語精讀6第二版教師用書unit

Unit3WhatIsNews?NeilPostmanandStevePowersStructureoftheTextPartI(Para.1)Inthisbeginningparagraph,theauthorsstatethepurposeoftheessay.PartII(Para.2)Somepeoplemightdefinethenewsaswhattelevisiondirectorsandjournalistssayitis.Theauthors,however,thinkthatthisdefinitionistoosimplistic.PartIII(Paras.3–5)Intheseparagraphs,theauthorsexplainwhythenewscannotbesimplydefinedas“whathappenedthatday”or“whathappenedthatdaythatwasimportantandinteresting”.PartIV(Paras.6–11)Intheseparagraphs,theauthorstellreadersthatthenewsismoreoftenmaderatherthangathered,anditismadeonthebasisofwhatthejournalistthinksimportantorwhatthejournalistthinkstheaudiencethinksisimportant.Therefore,everynewsstoryisareflectionofthereporterwhotellsthestory.PartV(Paras.12–15)Intheseparagraphs,theauthorspointoutthattomakesenseofthenews,theviewerhastoknowsomethingaboutthejournalist’spoliticalbeliefsaswellashisprejudices,interests,andquirkswhichare,inturn,influencedbyhisfinancialstatus,thecompanieshehasworkedfor,theschoolshewentto,thebookshehasread,etc.PartVI(Paras.16–17)Intheseparagraphs,theauthorspointoutthatthejournalistcannotalwaysimposehis/herviewsonthegeneralpublicbecausethetelevisionchannelornewspapercannotsurviveunlessthenewstheyprovidesatisfiestheneedsofthegeneralpublic.Ontheotherhand,theviewer/readermustalsotakeintoaccounthisorherrelationshiptoalargeraudiencebecausetelevisionandnewspapersaremassmediaandtheirnewsisnotintendedforanaudienceofone.PartVII(Paras.18–20)Intheseparagraphs,theauthorsdiscusssomeotherpossibledefinitionsofnews:newsassomethingtogivepeoplepleasure;newsassomethinginstructivethatrevealsthemores,values,andidealsofasociety;newsaslivinghistory;newsasasourceofliterature;newsasareflectionofhumanpain,suffering,tragediesandconfusion;newsassomethingtoinspirepeopleandmakethemoptimistic;newsassomethingtofrightenpeopleandmakethemawareoftheseamysideofthereality;lastbutnotleast,newsasafillerbetweencommercials.PartVIII(Para.21)Inthisparagraph,theauthorsconcludetheessaybyreiteratingtheirpurposeinraisingtheissue“Whatisnews?”Itistoarouseourinterestandhelpusunderstandtheproblems,limitations,traditions,motivations,andeventhedelusionsofthetelevisionnewsindustry.DetailedStudyoftheText1.Weturntothisquestionbecauseunlessatelevisionviewerhasconsideredit,heorsheisindangeroftooeasilyacceptingsomeoneelse’sdefinition—forexample,adefinitionsuppliedbythenewsdirectorofatelevisionstation;orevenworse,adefinitionimposedbyimportantadvertisers.(Para.1)newsdirector:(電視臺)新聞節(jié)目負責人advertisers:InmanycountriesintheWest,televisionstationslargelydependonsellingairtimetoadvertisersfortheirrevenue.Therefore,importantadvertiserscanoftenimposetheirviewsandinterestsonthenewssuppliedbytelevisionstations.viewer：Someonewhoiswatchingamovie,atelevisionprogram,oranexhibitionCompare:audience:agroupofpeoplewhowatch,read,orlistentosomethingspectator:apersonwhowatchesanevent,show,game,oractivityAsimplisticdefinitionofnewscanbedrawnbyparaphrasingJusticeOliverWendellHolmes’famousdefinitionofthelaw.Thelaw,Holmessaid,iswhatthecourtssayitiswemightsaythatthenewsiswhattelevisiondirectorsandjournalistssayitis.(Para.2)AmericansgenerallyacceptHolmes’famousdefinitionofthelawbecausetheyagreethatlawsmustallowforthenewinterpretationsnecessarytomeetthechallengesofachangingnationandachangingworld.ButtoproposeadefinitionofthenewsbyparaphrasingHolmes’definitionofthelawprobablycommitsthelogicalerroroffalseanalogy.Forexample,itwouldnotmakemuchsenseifweweretosaypoliticsiswhatpoliticianssayitis,oreducationiswhatteacherssayitis.simplistic:disapprovingtoosimple;notcompleteorsufficientlythoroughNothingmore.Nothingless.:Assimpleasthat;nomore,noless.insimilarfashion:inthesimilarway;likewise;bythesimilartoken3.Butifweweretotakethatapproach,onwhatbasiswouldwesaythatwehaven’tbeentoldenough?Orthatastorythatshouldhavebeencoveredwasn’t?Orthattoomanystoriesofacertaintypewereincluded?Orthatareportergaveaflagrantlybiasedaccount?(Para.2)Thefactthatpeopleareoftenunsatisfiedwithnewsreportingimpliesthatpeoplehavedifferentideasaboutwhatnewsshouldbe.flagrantlybiased:obviouslyandunquestionablybiased4.Inmodifyingtheiranswer,mostwilladdthatthenewsis“importantandinterestingthingsthathappenedthatday.”Thishelpsalittlebutleavesopenthequestionofwhatis“importantandinteresting”andhowthatisdecided.(Para.3)Itisallrighttosaythatnewsconsistsoftheimportantthingsthathappenedthatday.Butimportanttowhom?Inwhatsense?Forwhatreason?butleavesopenthequestion:butdoesnotgiveananswertothequestionOfcourse,somepeoplewillsaythatthequestionofwhatisimportantandinterestingisnotintheleastproblematic.WhatthePresidentsaysordoesisimportant;warsareimportant,rebellions,employmentfigures,elections,appointmentstotheSupremeCourt.(Para.4)Thisisaninterestingexampleofhastygeneralization.Itistruethatwhatimportantpeoplesayordoisoftenimportant,butwecan’tjumptotheconclusionthateverythingtheysayordoisalwaysimportant.Ontheotherhand,sometimesevenwhathappenstosomeonecompletelyunknowncanescalatetoaseriouscrisis.Peoplecallthat“theButterflyEffect.”problematic:causingaproblem;questionable;uncertainNow,thereisagreatdealtobesaidforSaranWrap.(Para.4)Now,it’struethatSaranWrapisveryuseful.7.SaranWrapisnotnews.ThecolorofLizTaylor’swrapis.Orsosomepeoplebelieve.(Para.4)Notethattheauthorsaremakingawordplayontheword“wrap,”whichhasdifferentmeanings.8.Weshallneverlearnaboutthesepeopleeither,howeverinstructiveorinterestingtheirstoriesmayhavebeen.(Para.5)Wewillneverhearanythingaboutthesepeopleeither,nomatterhowinstructiveorinterestingtheirstoriesmayhavebeen.instructive:providingknowledgeorinformation;educational9.Ofcourse,therearesomeevents—theassassinationofapresident,anearthquake,etc.—thathavenearuniversalinterestandconsequences.Butmostnewsdoesnotinhereintheevent.(Para.6)toinhereinsth.:formaltobeanaturalpartofsth.;tobeinherentinsth.10.Infact,thenewsismoreoftenmaderatherthangathered.(Para.6)Infact,oftenthenewsisnotsomethingoutthereforyoutopickup;youhavetodecidewhatinformationisnewsworthyandmakeitintonews.11IsastoryaboutakillinginNorthernIrelandmoreimportantthanoneaboutakillinginMorocco?(Para.6)ForAmericansofIrishbackground,theanswerwillmostlikelybeyes.Itissaidthattherelativeimportanceofaneventisoftendeterminedbytherelativedistanceofitsoccurrencetothepersoninvolved.12everynewsstoryisareflectionofthereporterwhotellsthestory.Thereporter’spreviousassumptionsaboutwhatis“outthere”editwhatheorshethinksisthere.(Para.6)Ifnewsstorieswerejustfacts,andfactsspeakforthemselves,thenallnewsstories,thoughwrittenbydifferentpeople,wouldbethesame.Butnewsstoriesareactuallyalldifferentbecauseeverynewsstoryisareflectionofthereporterwhotellsthestory,andeveryreporterhaspreviousassumptions(beliefs,pointsofview,andbiases)whichaffectwhathe/shethinksisthere.toedit:todecidewhatwillbeincludedorleftout,aseditorsdoinpreparing,printing,broadcasting,etc.13Theanswerstoallofthesequestions,aswellastootherquestionsabouttheevent,dependentirelyonthepointofviewofthejournalist.Youmightthinkthisisanexaggeration,thatreporters,irrespectiveoftheirassumptions,canatleastgetthefactsstraight.(Para.7)irrespectiveof:regardlessof;withoutthinkingaboutorconsideringAllgovernmentofficials,irrespectiveoftheirrank,mustdisclosetheirproperty.Wepursuethediplomaticpolicyofthefiveprinciplesofpeacefulcoexistenceinourrelationshipwithallcountriesirrespectiveoftheirsizeorpoliticalsystem.togetthefactsstraight:tofindoutwhatthefactsarewithoutmakingmistakesnow-defunct:now-dead;nownolongerexistingorfunctioningtofeatureastory:togiveastoryaprominentplaceinanewspaperortelevisionnewsshow14whothusearntheir35rublesamonthinlieuof“relief”(Para.8)Insteadofreceivinggovernmentrelief,theyaregivenjobsbythegovernmentsothattheycanearntheirmoney.()inlieuof:insteadof(government)reliefmoneythatisgiventopoorpeoplebythegovernment()15itwasthepolicyoftheJournaltohighlightthecontrastbetweentheprimitiveRussianeconomyandthesophisticatedAmericaneconomy.(Para.11)theJournal:ThisreferstothenewspaperTheWallStreetJournal,mentionedabove.tohighlight:tomakepeoplenoticeorbeawareofsomethingsophisticated:(theoppositeofprimitive)highlydevelopedandcomplex高級的，復雜的16．Eachofoursensesisaremarkablyastutecensor.Weseewhatweexpecttosee;often,wefocusonwhatwearepaidtosee.Andthosewhopayustoseeusuallyexpectustoaccepttheirnotionsnotonlyofwhatisimportantbutofwhatareimportantdetails.(Para.11)Wehavefivesenseorgans,andtheyareallextremelysharpcensors.censor:apersonwhoexaminesbooks,movies,newspapers,etc.andremovesthingsconsideredbytheauthoritiestobeoffensive,immoral,orharmfultosociety(Notethepersonificationoftheword).Wedonotseeorheareverything.Weonlyseeorhearwhatweexpecttoseeorhearbecausewehavebeentrainedthatway.Wehavebeenpaidbyourbossestoseeorhearwhattheyexpectustoseeorhear.Wehavebeenmadetoacceptourbosses’notionofwhatisinterestingandimportant.17．“We’dhavecompletedossiersontheinterests,policies,andidiosyncrasiesoftheowners.Thenwe’dhaveadossieroneveryjournalistintheworld.Theinterests,prejudices,andquirksoftheownerwouldequalZ.Theprejudices,quirks,andprivateinterestsofthejournalistY.ZtimesYwouldgiveyouX,theprobableamountoftruthinthestory.”(Para.12)HeretheFrenchwriterAlbertCamus,quotedbyA.J.Liebling,isusingamathematicformulatoexpresstherelationshipbetweentheinterests,prejudicesandquirksofanewspaperowner,andthoseofthejournalists,andtheprobableamountoftruthinanewsstory.ZxY=XHere,Z=theinterests,prejudices,andquirksoftheownerY=theinterests,prejudices,andquirksofthejournalistsX=thetruthprobabilityofthenewsDossiers(on):files(of);records(of)18．Thehostmightsaysomethinglikethis:“Tobeginwith,thisstationisownedbyGaryFarnsworth,whoisalsothepresidentofBontelLimited,theprincipalstockholderofwhichistheSultanofBahrain.BontelLimitedownsthreeJapaneseelectroniccompanies,twooilcompanies,theentirecountryofUpperVolta,andthewesternpartofRomania.”(Para.13)Theimpliedsuggestionisthatthistelevisionstationisquitelikelytobebiasedinitsnewsreporting,reflectingtheinterestsofthosewhocontrolitsfinances.19．“Theanchormanonthetelevisionshowearns$800,000ayear;hisportfolioincludesholdingsinamajorcomputerfirm.Hehasabachelor’sdegreeinjournalismfromtheUniversityofArkansasbutwasaC+student,hasnevertakenacourseinpoliticalscience,andspeaksnolanguageotherthanEnglish.Lastyear,hereadonlytwobooks—abiographyofCaryGrantandabookofpopularpsychologycalledWhyAmISoWonderful?(Para.13)Theimplicationhereisthattheopinionsoftheanchormanonatelevisionshowarestronglyinfluencedbyhisfinancialstatus,hissourceofincome,theeducationhehasreceived,andthebookshehasread.anchorman(anchorwoman):(chieflyintheUS)amanorwomanwhopresentsandcoordinatesatelevisionnewsprogram(電視和廣播電臺)新聞節(jié)目主持人Compare:broadcaster:播音員host：（游戲，訪談節(jié)目）主持人portfolio：arangeofinvestmentsheldbyapersonororganization所有投資；投資組合holdings：financialassets;land,property,orsharesinacompany擁有的財富20.“ThereporterwhocoveredthestoryonYugoslaviaspeaksSerbo-Croatian,hasadegreeininternationalrelations,andhashadaNeimanFellowshipatHarvardUniversity.”(Para.13)Areporterwhospeaksthelanguage,hasadegreeinarelatedfield,andhasdoneresearchonjournalismatadistinguisheduniversitycannaturallybeexpectedtobemorecompetenttocoverthestoryonYugoslaviathanonewithoutthesequalifications.21.Whatwearesayingisthattoanswerthequestion“Whatisnews?”aviewermustknowsomethingaboutthepoliticalbeliefsandeconomicsituationofthosewhoprovidethenews.(Para.15)Thepointwearetryingtomakeisthataviewermustknowsomethingaboutthepoliticalbeliefsandeconomicsituationofthosewhosupplythenewsifhe/shewantstoanswerthequestion“Whatisnews?”Noteherethatthenewsreporter’seconomicsituationreferstohis/herfinancialstatusaswellasthewayhis/herlivingismade,becauseaperson’svestedinterest(his/herpersonalstakeinanundertaking,especiallywithanexpectationoffinancialorothergain)oftenaffectshis/herpointofview.22.Thereis,infact,apointofviewthatarguesagainstjournalistsimposingtheirownsenseofsignificanceonanaudience.What’sourpoint?Aviewermustnotonlyknowwhatheorshethinksissignificantbutothersbelieveissignificantaswell.(Para.16)tokeeptheirownopinionstothemselves:Tokeeptheirownopinionssecret;nottoannouncetheirownopinionstoadvisethemofwhatisimportant:toinstructtheminwhatisimportant;toteachthemwhatisimportantNotethatwiththeverb“advise”,thepreposition“of”isused,and“toadvisesomebodyofsomething”isnottobeconfusedwith“toadvisesomebodytodosomething”.LizTaylor’sadventuresinmarriage:Thisreferstotheactress’sunusuallynumerousmarriages,whichwereafavoritesubjectofsocialgossipatthetime.Aviewermustnotonlyknowwhatheorshethinksissignificantbutothersbelieveissignificantaswell:Thismaybeclearerifwerepeattheword“what”after“but”.Televisionisamassmedium,whichmeansthatatelevisionnewsshowisnotintendedforyoualone.Itispubliccommunication,andtheviewerneedstohavesomeknowledgeandopinionsabout“thepublic.”(Para.17)Indefiningnewsitisimportantforustorememberthatamassmediumisnotforanysingleindividualalone.Itisforthegeneralpublic,andinapluralisticsociety,people’sinterestsandneedsdiffer.Therefore,viewersmusttakethisfactintoconsiderationandrespecttherightofotherpeopletobedifferent.24.Andthisleadstoanotherdifficultyinansweringthequestion“Whatisnews?”SomemightagreewithusthatLizTaylor’sadventuresinmarriagedonotconstitutesignificanteventsbutthattheyoughttobeincludedinanewsshowpreciselyforthatreason.Herexperiences,theymaysay,areamusingordiverting,certainlyengrossing.Inotherwords,thepurposeofnewsshouldbetogivepeoplepleasure,atleasttotheextentthatittakestheirmindsofftheirowntroubles.(Para.18)Thisislookingatnewsfromadifferentperspective.Itsaysthatmanypeoplereadthenewsnotforbeingeducatedorenlightened,butsimplyforentertainment.Thismaynotbethemostimportantpurposeofthemassmedia,butwecan’tsayitisillegitimate.Thequestion“Whatisnews?”isnowbecomingincreasinglycomplicated.theywantrelief,notaggravation:Peoplewantthenewstogivethemsomerelief–meaningheretheremovalofsomethingpainfulorunpleasantratherthanitsopposite,aggravation,whichmakesthepainfulorunpleasantsituationevenworse.totaketheirmindsofftheirowntroubles:tomakethemforgettheirowntroublesItisalsosaidthatwhetherentertainingornot,storiesaboutthelivesofcelebritiesshouldbeincludedbecausetheyareinstructive;theyrevealagreatdealaboutoursociety—itsmores,values,ideals.(Para.18)Evenifstoriesaboutthelivesofcelebritiesdonotamuseordivertus,westillneedtoreadthembecausethesestoriestellusalotaboutthesociety

welive

in.26.MarkTwainonceremarkedthatnewsishistoryinitsfirst18)Peoplenowmoreorlessagreethattoday’snewsistomorrow’shistorywasyesterday’snews.Sonewscanbedefinedashistory

andbestform.(Para.history,andtoday’stothisextent.27.TheAmericanpoetEzraPounddefinedliteratureasnewsthatstaysnews.Amongotherthings,PoundmeantthatthestuffofliteratureoriginatesnotinstoriesabouttheWorldBankoranarmisticeagreementbutinthosesimple,repeatabletalesthatreflectthepain,confusion,orexaltationsthatareconstantinhumanexperience,andtouchusatthedeepestlevels.(Para.18)EzraPoundrelatesnewstoliterature.SuchthingsastheWorldBankandanarmisticeagreement,regardedasimportanttoday,willsoonerorlaterbecomehistory,thingsofthepast.However,werememberandretellstoriesaboutpeople’spain,confusion,orexaltationsbecausetheyarepartofhumanexperienceandtouchouremotions.Thiskindofnewsisthesourceofliterature.28.Whatarewetomakeofit?Whyhim?ItislikesomeOldTestamentparable;thesequestionswereraisedfivethousandyearsagoandwestillraisethemtoday.Itisthekindofstorythatstaysnews,andthatiswhyitmustbegivenprominence.(Para.18)tomakeofit:tounderstandittobegivenprominence:tobetreatedasimportant;tobestressed29.Whataboutthefires,rapes,andmurdersthataredailyfeaturedonlocaltelevisionnews?Whohasdecidedthattheyareimportant,andwhy?Onecynicalansweristhattheyaretherebecauseviewerstakecomfortintherealizationthattheyhaveescapeddisaster.Atleastforthatday.(Para.19)viewerstakecomfortintherealizationthat:viewersfeelrelievedorlessworriedbecausetheyknowthattheseterriblethingshavenothappenedtothem.30.Itisthetaskofthenewsstorytoprovideadailyaccountingoftheprogressofsociety.Thesereports,especiallythoseofaconcretenature,arethedailyfactsfromwhichtheaudienceisexpectedtodrawappropriateconclusionsaboutthequestion“WhatkindofsocietyamIamemberof?”(Para.19)Anothertaskofthenewsstoryistogiveadailyaccountingoftheprogressofsocietysothatviewerswillunderstandtheirsocietybetter.31.heavytelevisionviewersbelievetheircommunitiesaremuchmoredangerousthandolighttelevisionviewers.Televisionnews,inotherwords,tendstofrightenpeople.(Para.19)Thisparagraphsuggeststhattelevisionnewstendstofrightenratherthantoenlightenpeople.Heavytelevisionviewersbelievetheircommunitiesaremuchmoredangerousthanlightviewersdo.Thisleadstothequestionthatwhethernewsstoriesshouldconcentrateonthebrightersideofsocialreality.heavy(light)televisionviewers:peoplewhowatchmany(onlyafew)hoursoftelevisionprogramsinaday.Thequestionis,“Oughttheytobefrightened?newsanaccurateportrayalofwhereweareasasociety?

”whichistoask,“Isthe”Whichleadstoanotherquestion,“Isitpossiblefordailynewstogivesuchapicture?”Manyjournalistsbelieveitispossible.Someareskeptical.Theearlytwentieth-centuryjournalistLincolnSteffensprovedthathecouldcreatea“crimewave”anytimehewantedbysimplywritingaboutallthecrimesthatnormallyoccurinalargecityduringthecourseofamonth.Hecouldalsoendthecrimewavebynotwritingaboutthem.Ifcrimewavescanbe“manufactured”byjournalists,thenhowaccuratearenewsshowsindepictingtheconditionofasociety?(Para.19)Isittruethatjournalistscancreateeventsandmakethemdisappear?Ifitweretrue,wouldn’tthatmakeitveryeasytorunacountry?Moreover,ifitweretrue,howcouldweevertrustnewsprovidedbythemassmedia?Andwouldn’tthatalsomeanthatacountrycouldgetalongjustfinewithoutreliablenews?portrayal:depiction;description33.Besides,murders,rapes,andfires(evenunemploymentfigures)arenottheonlywaytoassesstheprogress(orregress)ofasociety.Whyaretheresofewtelevisionstoriesaboutsymphoniesthathavebeencomposed,novelswritten,scientificproblemssolved,andathousandothercreativeactsthatoccurduringthecourseofamonth?Weretelevisionnewstobefilledwiththeseevents,wewouldnotbefrightened.Wewould,infact,beinspired,optimistic,cheerful.(Para.19)Thisparagraphraisesaveryinterestingquestion:Whyaremanyeventsthatactuallyhavegreatimpactonhumanlifenotgivenanyprominence-newphilosophicaltheoriesandacademicachievementsforexample?Possibleanswersaregiveninthefollowingparagraph.toassesstheprogress:tomeasure;toestimate;toevaluate;toappraiseregress:movingbacktoanearlier,lessdevelopedandusuallyworsestateorcondition.Itisusuallyusedasaverb.Thenounformis“regression”.Compare:digressv.digressionn.movingawayfromthemainsubjectunderdiscussioninspeakingandwriting34.Oneanswerisasfollows.Theseeventsmakepoortelevisionnewsbecausethereissolittletoshowaboutthem.Inthejudgmentofmosteditors,peoplewatchtelevision.Andwhattheyareinterestedinwatchingareexciting,intriguing,evenexoticpictures.Supposeascientisthasdevelopedanewtheoryabouthowtomeasurewithmoreexactitudethespeedwithwhichheavenlyobjectsaremovingawayfromtheearth.Itisdifficulttoteleviseatheory,especiallyifitinvolvedcomplexmathematics.(Para.20)Thisparagraphtriestoanswerthequestionraisedabove.Accordingtotheauthors,oneanswermaybethattelevisionasameansofcommunicationhasitslimitations.Itisgoodatshowingexciting,intriguing,andexoticpicturesandevents,butnotatdealingwithideas,theories,andotherabstractthings.Inotherwords,itisavisualmedium;itislesseffectiveatengagingviewers’minds.Thesecond,impliedansweristhatpeoplewatchtelevisionmainlytobeentertained.Theyhavenotimeorpatienceforprofoundsubjects.Lastly,mosteditorsandnewsdirectorsareincapableofimmediatelyrealizingthesignificanceofscientificandtheoreticaldiscoveries.Theconclusionseemstobe:Thenewsmediaareextremelyimportant,buttheyareincapableofansweringallourneedswherenewsisconcerned.Televisionsellstime,andtimecannotbeexpanded.Thismeansthatwhateverelseisneglected,commercialscannotb,whichleadstoanotherpossibleanswertothequestion“Whatisnews?”News,initsworstform,canalsobemainlya“filler,”a“come-on”tokeeptheviewer’sattentionuntilthecommercialscome.Certainproducershavelearnedthatbypanderingtotheaudience,byeschewingsolidnewsandreplacingitwithleeringsensationalism,theycansubvertthenewsbypresentinga“televisioncommercialshow”thatisinterruptedbynews.(Para.20)IntheUnitedStates,televisionstationsareprivatelyowned.Theseprivatelyownedstationssellairtimetobusinesscompaniestopromotetheirproducts.Therefore,presentingthenewsshowisnotthetelevisionstation’smainpurpose:“news”servesmerelyas“filler”tokeeptheviewer’sattentionuntilthecommercialsappear,notviceversa.Andthereisnothingmoreeffectiveforthispurposethanleeringsensationalism.Thismaybeanextremecase,butthereiscertainlysometruthinit.36.Thepurposeofthischapteristoarouseyourinterestinthinkingaboutthequestion.Youranswersaretobefoundbyknowingwhatyoufeelissignificantandhowyoursenseofthesignificantconformswithordepartsfromthatofothers,includingbroadcasters,theirbosses,andtheiraudiences.Answersaretobefoundinyourideasaboutthepurposeofpubliccommunication,andinyourjudgmentofthekindofsocietyyouliveinandwishtolivein.Wecannotprovideanswerstothesequestions.Butyoualsoneedtoknowsomethingabouttheproblems,limitations,traditions,motivations,and,yes,eventhedelusionsofthetelevisionnewsindustry.(Para.21)Thisparagraphconcludesthepurposeoftheessay.Theauthorsdonotintendtogiveustheanswertothequestion:“Whatisnews?”,becausetheycan’t.Theproblemiscomplicated,andeachofushastofindhis/herownanswer.Thepurposeoftheessayistoarouseourinterestinansweringthequestionbyourselves,andalsotoinformusoftheimportantfactorswemusttakeintoconsiderationtounderstandthenatureofnews.KeytoExercisesI1.asetsequenceinatheatricalorcomicperformance保存節(jié)目（喜劇

歌舞等）tocorrect,condense,ormodifymaterialwhenpreparingitforpublicationorpresentation3.inParagraph8,financialorpracticalassistancegiventothoseinneed濟(inParagraph18,theremovalofsomethingpainfulorunpleasant

救減少痛苦)4.amanorwomanwhopresentsandcoordinatesatelevisionprogram（電視新聞）男節(jié)目主持人5.financialassets;land,property,orsharesinacompany擁有的土地或股票6.theextenttowhichsomethingisprobable幾率toconsidertowatchatelevisionshoworlistentoradiobroadcasttimeduringwhichatelevisionshoworradiobroadcastisbeingtransmitted播放時間10.anewsitem,public-serviceannouncement,ormusic,ortelevisionprogram

usedtofill

time

onaradiosomethingintendedtoallureorattracttounderminethepowerandauthorityofasystemorinstitutionVHowonedefines“thenews”dependsonwhathe/sheconsidersinterestingandimportant.Now