Module 4 Carnival Grammar-高中英語外研版必修五

GrammarReviewofthepassivevoiceWhowrotethisbook?=Thisbook__________byMarkTwain.waswrittenMarkTwainwrotethisbook.Whatisthemandoing?Heisfeeding2dogs.=2dogs___________byhim.arebeingfedWhenshallweusethepassivevoice?1.Usethepassivevoicewhenyouwanttoemphasizethereceiver,ratherthanthedoerofanaction.e.g.Williamwateredtheflowers.Theflowerswerewatered.2.Usethepassivevoicewhenyoudonotknowthedoerofanaction.e.g.Thesebooksarewrittenforteenagers.3.Usethepassivevoicewhenyouwanttobepolite,orwhenyoudonotwanttoidentifythedoerofanaction.e.g.Youarewarmlyinvitedtoaparty.Putthefollowingsentencesintopassivevoice1.Inthelate1970sstudentsrevivedthetradition.2.Today,peopleinVenicecelebratecarnivalforfivedaysinFebruary.3.Thegovernmentwillbuildmoreroadstosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams.Inthelate1970sthetraditionwasrevivedbythestudents.Today,carnivaliscelebratedinVeniceforfivedaysinFebruary.一般現在時的被動語態(tài)：am/is/are+過去分詞一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：was/were+過去分詞一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：willbe+過去分詞Moreroadswillbebuilttosolvetheproblemoftrafficjamsbythegovernment.4.Waitamoment.Mymotheriscookinglunch.5.Peoplewerehuntingthewolfeverywherelastyear.Waitamoment.Lunchisbeingcookedbymymother.Thewolfwasbeinghuntedeverywherelastyear.現在進行時的被動語態(tài)：am/is/are+being+過去分詞過去進行時的被動語態(tài)：was/were+being+過去分詞6.Peoplehavedonealottoprotecttheenvironment.7.Theyhadputoutthefirebeforethefirefightersarrived.Alothasbeendonetoprotecttheenvironment.Thefirehadbeenputoutbeforethefirefightersarrived.現在完成時的被動語態(tài)：has/have+been+過去分詞過去完成時的被動語態(tài)：had+been+過去分詞被動語態(tài)注意事項1.謂語動詞被動語態(tài)的構成(be的各種時態(tài)+過去分詞)時態(tài)被動語態(tài)形式(以do為例)一般現在時一般過去時一般將來時過去將來時現在完成時過去完成時將來完成時過去將來完成時現在進行時過去進行時am/is/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone2.語態(tài)轉換時需注意的問題：1)含有雙賓語的主動句變?yōu)楸粍訒r有兩種變化：

①把間接賓語(指人)變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，直接賓語不變。②把直接賓語(指物)變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，這時，間接賓語要用介詞to/for等引出。Heshowedmehispictures.Iwasshownhispicturesbyhim.Hispictureswereshowntomebyhim.Myauntmademeanewdress.Iwasmadeanewdressbymyaunt.Anewdresswasmadeformebymyaunt.2)含有復合賓語(賓語+賓補)的主動句變?yōu)楸粍訒r，賓補一般不變。但在感官動詞和使讓動詞后面，如果賓補為不定式，變?yōu)楸粍訒r，不定式要帶to。TheycallherXiaoLi.SheiscalledXiaoLi.Ourparentsoftenmakeusstudyhard.Weareoftenmadetostudyhardbyourparents.3)由“動詞+prep./adv.”構成的短語動詞變被動時要看成一個整體，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。

Heworkedouttheprobleminfiveminutes.Theproblemwasworkedoutinfiveminutes.

Motherislookingafterthebaby.

ThebabyisbeinglookedafterbyMother.4)由”動詞+名詞+介詞”構成的短語動詞變?yōu)楸粍訒r有兩種變化：可以把動詞后的名詞或介詞后的名詞變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z。如：Thenursestakegoodcareofthewounded.Thewoundedaretakengoodcareofbythenurses.Goodcareistakenofthewoundedbythenurses.Wemustmakefulluseofourtimetostudy.Ourtimemustbemadefulluseoftostudy.Fullusemustbemadeofourtimetostudy.3.確定謂語動詞的主被動時應注意的問題：

1)不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：happen,takeplace,occur,breakout,runout(用完),fall,appear,disappear,remain,exist,etc.2)感官系動詞taste,smell,look,feel,sound,seem等常用主動形式表示被動含義。3)當動詞open,close,shut,read,write,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook等用作不及物動詞，說明主語的性質特征或狀態(tài)時，常用主動表被動,這時，它們常和badly,hardly,easily,well,smoothly,long等副詞連用。4.有些動詞看似及物動詞，但賓語并非動作的承受者，因此也不用被動語態(tài)，如:belongto,suit,fit(適合),have,let,join,last(持續(xù)),cost(花費),hold(容納)，lack(缺乏)，agreewith(同意),consistof(由組成),mean(意味著),contain等。e.g.Thedoordoesn’topeneasily.Bikesofthatkindhardlysell.Yourhandsfeelcold.Thathousebelongstomymother.Theroomcancontain100students.Twostudentsremainedafterclass.Ourclassconsistsof60students.Mymoneyisrunningout.4.非謂語動詞主動表被動的情況：1)need,want,require等動詞以及形容詞worth后面,

常跟動詞-ing形式,用主動形式表達被動意義。如:

Thisdictionaryiswellworthbuying.Thebabyrequireslookingaftercarefully.2)easy,difficult,hard,heavy,fit,comfortable等形容詞后面跟動詞不定式,用主動形式表被動意義,

并且該不定式與句子的主語或賓語須具備邏輯上的動賓關系。如:

Ifoundhimdifficulttogetonwith.Thechairiscomfortabletositin.Thewaterisfittodrink.Theboxisheavytocarry.3)不定式作定語,其邏輯主語是句子的主語、間接賓語或說話人時,用動詞不定式的主動形式表被動意義。如:

Shehasanoldgrandfathertolookafter.Pleasegivemeapentowritewith4)“主語＋系動詞＋todo”結構也是主動形式表被動意義,主要用于“sth.＋betolet/rent(出租)”

或“sb.＋be＋toblame(受責備)”結構中。如:

It’snotmyfault.Sheistoblame.Thehouseistolet.5.記住下面固定短語和句型：

1)be/getmarriedtobefacedwithbelocatedin/on...beconnectedwith/tobedressedinbecoveredwithberelatedtobecrowdedwithbelostinbeseatedin/at...beengagedto2)Itishopedthat…希望……Itissupposedthat…據推測說……Itmustbepointedoutthat…必須指出…Itwillbeseenthat…由此可以看出……Itissaid/reportedthat…據說/據報道……Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知……Itisbelievedthat…有人相信……Itisthoughtthat…人們認為……

LET’SDOSOMEEXERCISES!Rewritethesentencesinactivity4.1-6onpage357.Wewillteachthissongontheradio.8.Theyhavereturnedthebookstolibrary.9.Theyhadfinishedtheworkbeforetheywenthome.10.Theyareplantingtreesatthismoment.11.Theywerecleaningthewindowsatthattime.Veniceisvisitedbytouristsfromallovertheworld.Manyofthecarnivalmasksaremadebytrainedartists.Partiesweregivenbyrichpeopleeverydayforamonth.CarnivalwastakentoSouthAmericabythePortugueseandtheSpanish.TheNottingHillCarnivalwascreatedbytheWestIndiancommunityinLondon.6.Carnivalisenjoyedbymillionsofpeopletoday.7.Thissongwillbetaughton