初中英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞專項(xiàng)

數(shù)詞解說(shuō)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)數(shù)詞的解說(shuō)一、定義：表示數(shù)目或次序二、分類：分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種。表示數(shù)目或數(shù)目多少的詞叫基數(shù)詞；表示數(shù)目次序的詞叫序數(shù)詞。三、基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成：eight

1）1-12，nine

的基數(shù)詞是獨(dú)立的單詞，即：，ten，eleven，twelve

。

one

，two

，three

，four

，five

，six

，seven

，2）13-19的基數(shù)詞以-teen結(jié)尾。如：13—thirteen,15—fifteen,18—eighteen。

fourteen

，seventeen

等，但

13，15，18較特別，3）20-90的整十位均以

-ty

結(jié)尾。如：

sixty

，ninety

，但20，30，40，50，80較特別，

20—twenty,30—thirty,40

—forty,50

—fifty,80

—eighty

。4）十位數(shù)與個(gè)位數(shù)之間要加連字符號(hào)"-"5）百位和十位（若無(wú)十位則和個(gè)位）之間加

，如：28-twenty-eightand，如：

，96-ninety-six

。148—onehundredandforty-eight406—fourhundredandsix6）hundred（百），thousand（千），million（百萬(wàn)），billion（十億）等前面即便有詳細(xì)的數(shù)詞，several,some,many也不可以在它們的后邊加-s。如：sixhundred，eightmillion

。假如表示不確立數(shù)目時(shí)，

用

hundredsof/thousandsof/millionsof/billionsof+

名詞復(fù)數(shù)

,

前面不可以再加數(shù)字。7）1000以上的數(shù)字，從后往前數(shù)每三位加一個(gè)逗號(hào)"，"第一個(gè)逗號(hào)前為千（thousand），第二個(gè)逗號(hào)前為百萬(wàn)（million），第三個(gè)逗號(hào)前為billion（十億）。英語(yǔ)中無(wú)“萬(wàn)”這個(gè)詞，我們能夠用"幾十個(gè)千（thousand）"表示幾萬(wàn)，"幾百個(gè)千（thousand）"表示"幾十萬(wàn)"。如：2，510＝twothousandfivehundredandten84，296＝eighty-fourthousandtwohundredandninety-six274，350＝twohundredandseventy-fourthousandthreehundredandfifty。四、序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成

：1）序數(shù)詞一般是以與之相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞尾加

-th

構(gòu)成，如：

fourth,tenth,

但以下的這些基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時(shí)，有特別之處。One—first,two—second,three—third,five2）以_ty結(jié)尾的單詞，要先變y為i,

—fifth,nine—ninth,twelve—twelfth在加-eth.。如：thirty—thirtieth,fifty

—fiftieth3）以

one,two,three

等結(jié)尾的多位數(shù)詞，

要將個(gè)位數(shù)變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。

如：twenty-one

—twenty-first,onehundredandone

—onehundredandfirst注意：序數(shù)詞前常用定冠詞，

有時(shí)還能夠用不定冠詞

a/an

則表示

"又一

"的意思。（沒(méi)有詳細(xì)范圍的限制）

如：Mr.Brownhasasecondcar.布朗先生此外還有一輛車。Hehastriedasecondtime.他又試試了一次。五、數(shù)詞的應(yīng)用1)時(shí)刻的表示:小時(shí)、點(diǎn)鐘、分鐘、秒鐘要用基數(shù)詞。①“幾點(diǎn)鐘”用基數(shù)詞加o'clock。o'clock可省略。如:5點(diǎn)鐘-five(o'clock)②“幾點(diǎn)過(guò)幾分”,≤分30鐘"用介詞past。如:7:15—fifteen/aquarterpastseven7:30—halfpastseven③“差幾分幾點(diǎn)”用介詞"to"。如:7:40—twentytoeight7:45—fifteen/aquartertoeight。④平時(shí)生活中的時(shí)間讀法經(jīng)常簡(jiǎn)化,直接按基數(shù)詞的次序讀。如:7:05—sevenofive7:15—sevenfifteen。2)年代日的表示:①年份用基數(shù)詞,如:1999年—nineteenninety-nine1900年—nineteenhundred2000年—twothousand1905年—nineteenofive;②年用基數(shù)詞,日用序數(shù)詞。如:1998年6月8日寫作:June8,1998;讀作:Junetheeighth,nineteenninety-eight或theeighthofJune,nineteenninety-eight。3)世紀(jì)、年代表示法,如:(在)90年代(in)thenineties(在)19世紀(jì)(in)thenineteenthcentury(在)18世紀(jì)30年代(in)the1730s或inthe1730's4)編號(hào)的表示:①基數(shù)詞放到名詞的后邊,該名詞一般要大寫;序數(shù)詞放到名詞的前面,加定冠詞。Lesson1/thefirstlesson第一課Row3/thethirdrow第三排BusNo.3=theNo.3bus3路公共汽車。③表示住處時(shí)不用No.如:Room302讀作:roomthreeotwo302房間。④假如編號(hào)的數(shù)詞比較長(zhǎng),一般用基數(shù)詞。如:Page457第457頁(yè)。⑤電話號(hào)碼,用基數(shù)詞,如:3855633-threeeightdoublefivesixdoublethree。5)分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá):分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,分子大于"1",分母則加"s"。如:1/3onethird2/3twothirds1/2a/onehalf1/4onefourth或a/onequarter3/4threefourths或threequarters表示有小數(shù)的詞用基數(shù)詞,如:5.5fivepointfive12.135twelvepointonethreefive7)表示百分?jǐn)?shù)

,如:5℅

:fivepercent0.8

℅

zeroeightpointpercent注意:分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)與主謂一致當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)

時(shí),

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式

;當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)

修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:EightypercentofthestudentsinourschoolcomefromHenan.我們學(xué)校百分之八十的學(xué)生來(lái)自河南。ThreefourthsofthestudentsinmyclassareinterestedinEnglish.我們班四分之三的學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)感興趣。Twothirdsofthewaterontheearthisseawater.地球上三分之二的水是海水。8)其余用法,如:①基數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞+形容詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞。如:afive-year-oldboy一個(gè)五歲的男孩an800-metre-longbridge一座800米長(zhǎng)的橋girls’-400metrerelayrace女子400米接力②詳細(xì)數(shù)詞+metre(s)/kilometre(s)/kilo(s)long/high/tall/deep/away

等。如

:TheChangjiangRiveris6,300kilometreslong.

長(zhǎng)江長(zhǎng)

6300

公里。③表示“幾十歲”用基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式

,如:inhisthirties在他三十幾歲時(shí)④倍數(shù)的表達(dá):一倍用once,兩倍用增補(bǔ):倍數(shù)的表示法:

twice,兩倍以上用基數(shù)詞

+times

。如

:fivetimes5

倍1.表示“幾倍大小

(長(zhǎng)短;數(shù)目

)

”由,“倍數(shù)

+thesize(length,amountwidthageheight.)+of

結(jié)

”構(gòu)構(gòu)成。如:Theearthisforth-ninetimesthesizeofthemoon.地球的大小是月亮的四十九倍。表示“??比??大幾倍”由,“倍數(shù)+形容詞(副詞)比較級(jí)+than+被比較部分”構(gòu)造構(gòu)成。如:Thisboxisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.這個(gè)箱子比那個(gè)箱子大三倍。(這個(gè)箱子是那個(gè)箱子的四倍。)數(shù)詞練習(xí)()1.Everyyear,_____peoplegotovisittheirfactory()2.Tomhasjustfinishedwritinga_________article.C.nine-hundred-wordD.nine-hundreds-words()3._______peoplelosttheirhomesinJapan’searthquake.()4.Lastyear,IvisitedachemicalfactoryinBaise,thereareabout_____workersinit.sixthousandsB.sixthousandC.sixthousandsofD.sixthousandof()5.About_______ofthestudentsinourclasswereborninthe_____.two-thirds,1990sB.two-thirds,1990C.two-third,1990sD.two-third,1990()6.NowadaysofbusinesslettersarewritteninEnglish.()7.—Ifa=4,b=5,what’stheanswertothequestion“

a+2ab+1=?

”—()8.—Howoftendoyouexercise?—_________aweek.()9.Theteachersaidthat__oftheboyswouldtakepartinthetalentshow.A.threefiveB.threefivesC.thirdsfifthsD.threefifths()10.Tomorrowistheboy’s________birthday.()11.—Whichisthebiggestnumberofthefour?—.()12.—Excuseme,wherecanIbuyajacket?—()13.___ofthelandiscoveredwithtreesandgrassinPingjiang,Yueyang.()14.Septemberis_____monthoftheyear.()15.—Howwasyourdayoffyesterday?—Perfect!Itwasmygrandma’s________birthday.Wehadabigcake.()16.—Excuseme,howcanIgettothemuseum?—()18.—Isthisyour________visittomyhometown,Zunyi?—No.I’vebeenhereformanytimes.()19.Morethanninestudentsaredoingsportsnow.()20.Now,everybody,pleaseturntoPage________andlookatthe________picture.A.Fifth;fiveB.Five;fifthC.Fifth;fifthD.Five;five()21.Forbreakfast,Iusuallyhave______andtwopiecesofbread.()22.ThegovernmentofChongqingisbuilding_______cheapandgoodhousesforthepeople.()1.Thereareabout________studentsinourschool.A.twothousandofB.twothousandsC.twothousandsofD.twothousand()2.Thereare________studentsinourgrade.()3.Sundayis________dayoftheweek.()4.Pleasecometomyoffice________.A.athalfpasteightB.athalfpassedeitherC.inhalfpasteightD.onhalfpasteight()5.Ifyouwanttogotothecinema,take________.A.busNo.theninthB.theNo.9busC.No.9thebusD.No.theninthbus()6.TheGreenscametoChina________.A.in1984October27B.inOctober27,1984C.on27,1984OctoberD.onOctober27,1984()7.Thestorytookplacein________.()8.IwastoldtheywouldstayinChinafor________.()9.Tomorrowwearegoingtolearn________.A.LessonSecondB.theLessonTwoC.LessonTwoD.secondlesson()10.Ithinkthatthefirstdayofspringis________.()11.________letteroftheword“restaurant”is“n”.()12.Wetalkedfor________.A.halfahourB.halfhourC.anhourhalfD.halfanhour()13.Thebuswillleaveat________thisafternoon.A.threefifteenB.threeandfifteenC.threequartersD.fiftytothree()14.Theearthis________thesizeofthemoon.()15.It’sa________ruler.A.two-feet-longB.twofeetlongC.two-foot-longD.two-foot-long()16.________studentsareplantingtrees.A.SeveralhundredsB.SeveralhundredC.FivehundredsD.Fivehundredof()17.________tofinishquickly.()18.________ago,ourcountrywascoveredbythickforests.()19.Theweightofthemoonisonlyabout________ofthatoftheearth.()20.It’s11:45.Yes,it’s________.()21.Whatdateisit?It’s________.()22.________,please?ItwasApril25th.()23.Ihave________thingstodo.Ican’tplay________.A.many,nomoreB.alotof,anymoreC.much,moreD.much,anymore()24.Ihavea________paperonmydesk.()25.Thisis________.A.thequestionthirtyB.thequestionthirteenC.thirtyquestionD.questionthirteen()26.________oftheworkhasbeendone.()27.It’s________now.Let’shurry.()28.What’sthedatetoday?It’s________.()29.Nextweekwe’regoingtolean________.()30.Doyouhavemuchworktodothisweekend?Yes,Ihavetowritea________paper.()31.Thetreeis________tall.A.forteenfeetB.fourteenfeetC.fourteenfootD.fourtyfoot()32.Fiftyplus________.A.fourtyisninetyB.fortyisninetyC.thirtyisninetyD.fourtyisninety()33.Thereare________studentsinthisschool.()35.Decemberis________andlastmonthisayear.()36.________oftheteachersintheschoolarefromcolleges.A.ThreequartersB.Two-thirdC.TwofifthD.Two-nineths()37.Therearetwoworldwarsduring________century.()39.Intheforties,hisfatherservedintheNew________Army（新四軍）,whilethismotherworkedinthe________RouteArmy（.八路軍）()40.Hewillstayherefor________.()41.What’sthedatetoday?It’s________.A.nineB.MondayC.June5D.11:00()42.Wouldyouliketoeat________apples?No,thankyou.()43.Hesaidhewouldcomebackin________.()45.________peoplediedinthetrafficaccidentsintheworld.()46.Whatisthetime?It’s________.(4:25)()47.Mr.Smithliveson________floor.()48.HebegantolearnEnglishinhis________.()49.Hissisterwasborn________.A.in1998,October21B.on1998,October21C.inOctober21,1998D.onOctober21,1998()50.Whenhewas________,helefthometoworkindifferentcities.()51.I’m________thanyou.A.fiveyearsolderB.fifteenyearoldC.fifteenyearsD.fifteenold()52.Howoldareyou?I’m________.