英語語法詞性和句子成分課件

英語基礎語法復習鞏固1-英語基礎語法復習鞏固1-

一、詞性的分類

2-2-一、詞性的分類詞類又叫詞性（partofspeech），英語單詞根據(jù)其在句子中的功用，可以分十個大類。

1名詞nounn.

2代詞pronounpron.

3形容詞adjectiveadj.

4副詞adverbadv.5動詞verbv.

6數(shù)詞numeralnum.

7冠詞articleart.

8介詞prepositionprep.

9連詞conjunctionconj.

10感嘆詞interjectioninterj.

3-一、詞性的分類詞類又叫詞性（partofspeech），其他詞性縮寫c=可數(shù)名詞，countablenoun的縮寫u=不可數(shù)名詞，uncountablenoun的縮寫pl=復數(shù)，plural的縮寫vi=不及物動詞，intransitiveverb的縮寫vt=及物動詞，transitiveverb的縮寫4-其他詞性縮寫4-you你happy高興的

three三

quickly迅速地

student學生

cut砍、割a一個

at在...

and和

oh哦

pron.adj.num.adv.

n.v.art.prep.

erj.(感嘆詞)

Ex.Writedownthepartofspeechofthefollowingwords:5-

Ex.Writedownthepartofs十大詞類名詞----------表示人或事物的名稱形容詞-------表示人或事物的特征副詞----------修飾動詞、形容詞、或其他副詞動詞----------表示動作或狀態(tài)代詞----------代替名詞、數(shù)詞數(shù)詞----------表示數(shù)量或順序冠詞----------限制名詞的意義介詞-------表示名詞、代詞和其他詞的關系連詞-------連接詞與詞或句與句6-十大詞類6-

二、英語句子成分

7-7-（一）主語：一個句子所敘述的主體，表示句子所說的是：“什么人”或“什么事物”1.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.2.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.3.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.4.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.主語的位置是？？？1.一般位于句首或謂語之前。8-（一）主語：一個句子所敘述的主體，表示句子所說的是：“什么人Isyourfatheralawyeroradoctor?

Hasshegotabigflat?Shallwehaveaswimwithyourfriends?2.疑問句的主語在系動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后Sitdown,please.Comein,please.3.祈使句中主語常省略9-Isyourfatheralawyerorad

Gonearethedayswhenfarmersliveinthepoorhouses.

Nosoonerhadshegivenhimawelcomethanshewentintopreparehimameal.

Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.Thereisaclockonthewall.OncetherelivedakingcalledLear.Theregoesthebell!倒裝句的主語在系動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后Therebe結構中主語在be動詞之后10-Gonearethedayswhenfa（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（動名詞）（從句）1.One-thirdisproduced.2.Runningdoesgoodtothehealth.3.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.4.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.5.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.7.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.8.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（不定式）（名詞化的形容詞）（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）11-（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（動名詞）（從句）1.One-th1.Honestisafinequalityofhumanbeingsandthereforeweshouldnottelllies.2.Helpothersistohelpourselves.3.DoalotofhouseworkdayandnightmadeCatherinebecomeweakerandweaker.4.Liuxianggotthefirstplaceinthe2004OlympicGamesshockedpeopleallovertheworld.5.Inmyopinion,visituniversitiesisjustapopularculture.單句改錯（只有一處錯誤）。

12-1.Honestisafinequalityof（二）謂語：1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。Hepractices

runningeverymorning.Shetakesgoodcareofhersickmother.2、復合謂語：（1）情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形。HecanspeakFrenchveryfluently.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.（2）系動詞+表語。Thefilmisinteresting.Helookedabitexcited.13-（二）謂語：13-6.ItiswarmherealltheyearroundbecauseGuangzhoulocatedinthemiddleofGuangdongprovince.7.TogetpreparedfortheAsianGames,Guangzhoubuilt82sportscourtssofar.8.Itnotonlyhavealotofhigh-risebuilding,butisalsofamousforthescenicspots.9.Canitattractsthetouristsfromhomeandabroad?單句改錯（只有一處錯誤）。

14-6.Itiswarmherealltheyea（三）賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承受者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。1.Theywenttoseeanexhibition

yesterday.2.Pleasetakethemtothewaitingroom.3.Ihave

three.4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Maryenjoysplayingthepiano.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.

（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（名詞化形容詞）（不定式短語）（動名詞短語）（從句）15-（三）賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承受者，一般位于及物動詞和介（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）

Lendme

yourdictionary,please.（2）復合賓語（賓語+賓補）

Theyelectedhim

theirmonitor.Weconsidertheanswer

wrong.

16-16-（四）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞之后。1.YangLiweiisanastronaut.2.That’sallIwanttotellyou.3.Threetimesfouristwelve.4.Theweatherhasturnedwarm.5.Thespeechisexcitingandthestudentsareexcited.6.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.7.MyjobistoteachEnglish.8.Ourteacherisn’tin.Heisout.9.Heisingoodhealth.10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.17-（四）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系系動詞：描述穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)：be描述變化或結果：get,become,turn,grow,go,prove,fall描述表象或感官效果：look,appear,seem,smell,taste,sound,feel,描述持續(xù)狀態(tài)：keep,stay,remain,18-系動詞：18-（五）定語：起修飾作用，翻譯成“……的”1.Heisacleverboy.2.Yourhairneedscutting.3.There’sonlyonewaytodoit.4.Thereisababygirl.5.Wecannotusesleepingpillsatrandom.6.Theretiredworkerfindlifeboring.7.That’sthewaytodoit.8.ThisisamapofChina.9.Canyouhelpmetocleantheroomabove.10.Thecarthat’sparkedoutsideismine.19-（五）定語：起修飾作用，翻譯成“……的”19-狀語(副詞)的位置：1.ShespeaksFrenchfluently.2.Iusuallyeatbreakfastathome.3.Youneedn’talwayshelpme.4.Heisalwayscomplaining.5.Thelocalpeopleareverykindtothevisitors.6.Theroomisbigenoughtohold80people.7.Heneverstudies.Instead,heplaysallday.謂語(+賓語)后頻度副詞位于被修飾動詞前，be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后。被修飾詞前(enough特殊)修飾全句或起連接作用的副詞放在句首（六）狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子20-狀語(副詞)的位置：謂語(+賓語)后頻度副詞位于被修飾動詞前1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.4.Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.

（時間狀語）

（原因狀語）

（條件狀語）

（地點狀語）

（方式狀語）狀語的種類：21-1.Howaboutmeetingagainat6.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.7.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.8.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.9.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.10.Iamtallerthanheis.（伴隨狀語）

（目的狀語）

（結果狀語）

（讓步狀語）

（比較狀語）22-6.Shecameinwithadictiona（七）補足語：賓語補足語:補充說明賓語，使句意完整。1.HisfathernamedhimDongming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Pleaselethimin.4.Theteacheradvisedthestudentstohavearest.5.Iseeherenteringasupermarket.6.Hejusthadhishaircut.23-（七）補足語：23-劃分句子成份1.Themachine

runs

smoothly.2.Whyhedidit

willremain

apuzzle

forever.3.They

havesetup

anetwork

offinancialadvicecentre.4.Mr.Chen,thedirectorofGrade3,isknown

forhishumor.5.Theman

wentto

theshop

withallthemoney

hehad.24-劃分句子成份1.Themachinerunssm6.He

left

here

atsix

inthemorning

inordertocatchtheplane.

7.OurEnglishteacher,MsWang,is

very

kindtous.

8.Tooursurprise,he

haschanged

greatly.

9.It

isnot

agoodidea

todriveforfourhours

withoutabreak.

10.She

was

thesecond

toenterthereadingroom.25-6.Helefthereatsixin11.Hishair

hasturned

gray,andlines

haveappeared

onhisface.

12.She

islookinginto

thebox.

13.Mr.Wu

told

us

afunnystory

yesterday.

14.He

bought

me

apen.

15.We

made

him

ourmonitor.

16.He

asked

me

tohelphimoutofthedebt.

26-11.Hishairhasturnedgr

三、句子類型

按結構分1、簡單句2、并列句3、復合句27-三、句子類型簡單句:由一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）構成的句子。即一套主謂關系。Allroads

leadtoRome.1、一個主語和一個謂語動詞Theteacherandthechildren

areplaying.2、并列主語和一個謂語動詞Hegotup,dressedquickly,washedhimselfandwentout.3、一個主語和并列謂語TomandMary

cameandgavemeapresent.4、并列主語和并列謂語28-簡單句:由一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）構I.簡單句的五種基本句型1、主語+不及物動詞：Wework.2、主語+系動詞+表語：Heisastudent.3、主語+及物動詞+賓語：4、主語+及物動詞+雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語)5、主語+及物動詞+復合賓語(賓語+賓補)29-I.簡單句的五種基本句型29-判斷下列簡單句的類型(1)Theproblemishardtosolve.(2)Thepenwritessmoothly.(3)Ishowedhimmyoldpictures.(4)Barkingdogsseldombite.(5)WeenjoyourselvesthisNewYear’sDaythisyear.(6)Helen’sfaceturnedred.(7)Headmitshismistakes.(8)Mothercookedmeadeliciousmeal.(9)Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.(10)Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.30-判斷下列簡單句的類型30-Ex.判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom.4.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.簡單句復合句簡單句并列句6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant.9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboysomeflowers.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.復合句復合句簡單句簡單句31-Ex.判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復合句：簡單句復合句聽歌學英文32-聽歌學英文32-“I’mabigbiggirlinabigbigworldIt’snotabigbigthingifyouleaveme.ButIdofeelthatIdowillmissyoumuch.”Icanseethefirstleaffalling.It’sallyellowandnice.It’ssoverycoldoutsidelikethewayI’mfeelinginside.Outsideit’snowrainingandtearsarefallingfrommyeyes.whydidithavetohappen?Whydiditallhavetoend?Ihaveyourarmsaroundmewoohlikefire.ButwhenIopenmyeyes,you’regone.33-“I’mabigbiggirlinabigb英語基礎語法復習鞏固34-英語基礎語法復習鞏固1-

一、詞性的分類

35-2-一、詞性的分類詞類又叫詞性（partofspeech），英語單詞根據(jù)其在句子中的功用，可以分十個大類。

1名詞nounn.

2代詞pronounpron.

3形容詞adjectiveadj.

4副詞adverbadv.5動詞verbv.

6數(shù)詞numeralnum.

7冠詞articleart.

8介詞prepositionprep.

9連詞conjunctionconj.

10感嘆詞interjectioninterj.

36-一、詞性的分類詞類又叫詞性（partofspeech），其他詞性縮寫c=可數(shù)名詞，countablenoun的縮寫u=不可數(shù)名詞，uncountablenoun的縮寫pl=復數(shù)，plural的縮寫vi=不及物動詞，intransitiveverb的縮寫vt=及物動詞，transitiveverb的縮寫37-其他詞性縮寫4-you你happy高興的

three三

quickly迅速地

student學生

cut砍、割a一個

at在...

and和

oh哦

pron.adj.num.adv.

n.v.art.prep.

erj.(感嘆詞)

Ex.Writedownthepartofspeechofthefollowingwords:38-

Ex.Writedownthepartofs十大詞類名詞----------表示人或事物的名稱形容詞-------表示人或事物的特征副詞----------修飾動詞、形容詞、或其他副詞動詞----------表示動作或狀態(tài)代詞----------代替名詞、數(shù)詞數(shù)詞----------表示數(shù)量或順序冠詞----------限制名詞的意義介詞-------表示名詞、代詞和其他詞的關系連詞-------連接詞與詞或句與句39-十大詞類6-

二、英語句子成分

40-7-（一）主語：一個句子所敘述的主體，表示句子所說的是：“什么人”或“什么事物”1.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.2.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.3.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.4.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.主語的位置是？？？1.一般位于句首或謂語之前。41-（一）主語：一個句子所敘述的主體，表示句子所說的是：“什么人Isyourfatheralawyeroradoctor?

Hasshegotabigflat?Shallwehaveaswimwithyourfriends?2.疑問句的主語在系動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后Sitdown,please.Comein,please.3.祈使句中主語常省略42-Isyourfatheralawyerorad

Gonearethedayswhenfarmersliveinthepoorhouses.

Nosoonerhadshegivenhimawelcomethanshewentintopreparehimameal.

Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.Thereisaclockonthewall.OncetherelivedakingcalledLear.Theregoesthebell!倒裝句的主語在系動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后Therebe結構中主語在be動詞之后43-Gonearethedayswhenfa（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（動名詞）（從句）1.One-thirdisproduced.2.Runningdoesgoodtothehealth.3.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.4.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.5.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.7.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.8.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（不定式）（名詞化的形容詞）（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）44-（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（動名詞）（從句）1.One-th1.Honestisafinequalityofhumanbeingsandthereforeweshouldnottelllies.2.Helpothersistohelpourselves.3.DoalotofhouseworkdayandnightmadeCatherinebecomeweakerandweaker.4.Liuxianggotthefirstplaceinthe2004OlympicGamesshockedpeopleallovertheworld.5.Inmyopinion,visituniversitiesisjustapopularculture.單句改錯（只有一處錯誤）。

45-1.Honestisafinequalityof（二）謂語：1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。Hepractices

runningeverymorning.Shetakesgoodcareofhersickmother.2、復合謂語：（1）情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形。HecanspeakFrenchveryfluently.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.（2）系動詞+表語。Thefilmisinteresting.Helookedabitexcited.46-（二）謂語：13-6.ItiswarmherealltheyearroundbecauseGuangzhoulocatedinthemiddleofGuangdongprovince.7.TogetpreparedfortheAsianGames,Guangzhoubuilt82sportscourtssofar.8.Itnotonlyhavealotofhigh-risebuilding,butisalsofamousforthescenicspots.9.Canitattractsthetouristsfromhomeandabroad?單句改錯（只有一處錯誤）。

47-6.Itiswarmherealltheyea（三）賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承受者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。1.Theywenttoseeanexhibition

yesterday.2.Pleasetakethemtothewaitingroom.3.Ihave

three.4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Maryenjoysplayingthepiano.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.

（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（名詞化形容詞）（不定式短語）（動名詞短語）（從句）48-（三）賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承受者，一般位于及物動詞和介（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）

Lendme

yourdictionary,please.（2）復合賓語（賓語+賓補）

Theyelectedhim

theirmonitor.Weconsidertheanswer

wrong.

49-16-（四）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞之后。1.YangLiweiisanastronaut.2.That’sallIwanttotellyou.3.Threetimesfouristwelve.4.Theweatherhasturnedwarm.5.Thespeechisexcitingandthestudentsareexcited.6.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.7.MyjobistoteachEnglish.8.Ourteacherisn’tin.Heisout.9.Heisingoodhealth.10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.50-（四）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系系動詞：描述穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)：be描述變化或結果：get,become,turn,grow,go,prove,fall描述表象或感官效果：look,appear,seem,smell,taste,sound,feel,描述持續(xù)狀態(tài)：keep,stay,remain,51-系動詞：18-（五）定語：起修飾作用，翻譯成“……的”1.Heisacleverboy.2.Yourhairneedscutting.3.There’sonlyonewaytodoit.4.Thereisababygirl.5.Wecannotusesleepingpillsatrandom.6.Theretiredworkerfindlifeboring.7.That’sthewaytodoit.8.ThisisamapofChina.9.Canyouhelpmetocleantheroomabove.10.Thecarthat’sparkedoutsideismine.52-（五）定語：起修飾作用，翻譯成“……的”19-狀語(副詞)的位置：1.ShespeaksFrenchfluently.2.Iusuallyeatbreakfastathome.3.Youneedn’talwayshelpme.4.Heisalwayscomplaining.5.Thelocalpeopleareverykindtothevisitors.6.Theroomisbigenoughtohold80people.7.Heneverstudies.Instead,heplaysallday.謂語(+賓語)后頻度副詞位于被修飾動詞前，be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后。被修飾詞前(enough特殊)修飾全句或起連接作用的副詞放在句首（六）狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子53-狀語(副詞)的位置：謂語(+賓語)后頻度副詞位于被修飾動詞前1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.4.Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.

（時間狀語）

（原因狀語）

（條件狀語）

（地點狀語）

（方式狀語）狀語的種類：54-1.Howaboutmeetingagainat6.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.7.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.8.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.9.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.10.Iamtallerthanheis.（伴隨狀語）

（目的狀語）

（結果狀語）

（讓步狀語）

（比較狀語）55-6.Shecameinwithadictiona（七）補足語：賓語補足語:補充說明賓語，使句意完整。1.HisfathernamedhimDongming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Pleaselethimin.4.Theteacheradvisedthestudentstohavearest.5.Iseeherenteringasupermarket.6.Hejusthadhishaircut.56-（七）補足語：23-劃分句子成份1.Themachine

runs

smoothly.2.Whyhedidit

willremain

apuzzle

forever.3.They

havesetup

anetwork

offinancialadvicecentre.4.Mr.Chen,thedirectorofGrade3,isknown

forhishumor.5.Theman

wentto

theshop

withallthemoney

hehad.57-劃分句子成份1.Themachinerunssm6.He

left

here

atsix

inthemorning

inordertocatchtheplane.

7.OurEnglishteacher,MsWang,is

very

kindtous.

8.Tooursurprise,he

haschanged

greatly.

9.It

isnot

agoodidea

todriveforfourhours

withoutabreak.

10.She

was

thesecond

toenterthereadingroom.58-6.Helefthereatsixin11.Hishair

hasturned

gray,andlines

haveappeared

onhisface.

12.She

islookinginto

thebox.

13.Mr.Wu

told

us

afunnystory

yesterday.

14.He

bought

me

apen.

15.We

made

him

ourmonitor.

16.He

asked

me

tohelphimoutofthedebt.

59-11.Hishairhas