測(cè)量平差技術(shù)報(bào)告

測(cè)量平差課程設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告姓名： 鄒建鑫學(xué)號(hào)： 631101040124班級(jí)：測(cè)繪 2011級(jí)1班指導(dǎo)老師： 曹智翔2013/7/4一、 控制網(wǎng)概況及測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)的整理和檢驗(yàn)我們的測(cè)區(qū)包括學(xué)校的德園小區(qū)、 A01教學(xué)樓、B01教學(xué)樓、食堂和學(xué)生活動(dòng)中心，控制點(diǎn)基本都在學(xué)校的公路邊上， 測(cè)區(qū)整體來(lái)說(shuō)比較平整，自南向北整體是一個(gè)上升的緩坡的區(qū)域， 在測(cè)區(qū)中主要是樓房和綠化帶，在整個(gè)外業(yè)過(guò)程中基本都是35度以上高溫天氣。在測(cè)區(qū)中已知兩個(gè)控制點(diǎn)（B,C）的坐標(biāo)，其標(biāo)石保存完好。（一）、光電測(cè)距導(dǎo)線的主要技術(shù)要求：閉合或符測(cè)距中誤測(cè)角中誤全長(zhǎng)相對(duì)等級(jí)合導(dǎo)線全平均邊長(zhǎng)差差（m）閉合差長(zhǎng)（km）（mm）（″）二級(jí)2．4200≤±15≤±8≤1/100001、測(cè)距中誤差計(jì)算：測(cè)距單位權(quán)中誤差：p d d2ns——單位權(quán)中誤差；——各邊往、返測(cè)距離較差；ns——測(cè)距的邊數(shù)；pi——各邊距離測(cè)量的先驗(yàn)權(quán)；1pi 2sisi——測(cè)距先驗(yàn)中誤差，根據(jù)測(cè)距儀的標(biāo)稱精度估算。任一邊的實(shí)測(cè)距離中誤差估值：mDi

1pi注：索佳SET510全站儀測(cè)距標(biāo)稱精度為±（2+2PPM），因距離較短，影響測(cè)距精度的主要是固定誤差，故可以認(rèn)為各邊為等精度觀測(cè)，即可取pi均為1，求出的單位權(quán)中誤差可視為各邊的測(cè)距中誤差。2、 測(cè)角中誤差的計(jì)算：m

1 f fN n——符合導(dǎo)線或閉合導(dǎo)線環(huán)的方位角閉合差；——計(jì)算f時(shí)的測(cè)站數(shù)；N——f的個(gè)數(shù)。如控制為單一的閉合或符合導(dǎo)線，N為1。（二）、水準(zhǔn)測(cè)量的主要技術(shù)要求：每千米高差閉合差等級(jí)全中誤差往返各一次（mm）（mm）二等≤±2≤4L平差前計(jì)算每千米水準(zhǔn)測(cè)量高差全中誤差：Mw

1 WWN LMw——高差全中誤差（ mm）；——閉合差；——計(jì)算W時(shí)，相應(yīng)的路線長(zhǎng)度（KM）；N——符合路線或閉合路線環(huán)的個(gè)數(shù)。若進(jìn)行往返觀測(cè)，計(jì)算每千米水準(zhǔn)測(cè)量的高差偶然中誤差：1MD4n LMD——高差偶然中誤差（ｍｍ）；——水準(zhǔn)路線往、返高差不符值（ｍｍ）；L——水準(zhǔn)路線的測(cè)段長(zhǎng)度；n——往、返測(cè)的水準(zhǔn)路線測(cè)段數(shù)。（二等要求MD 1mm）下圖為控制網(wǎng)簡(jiǎn)圖測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)如下：角度 ( °' ")BCD=1662950，∠CDE=167217，∠DEF=854022EFG=1562437，∠FGH=144621，∠GHI=1521432HIA=195569，∠IAB=1012616，∠ABC=903936DECH5=1004143，∠ECH5CH4=82249，∠CH5CH4CH3=16400CH4CH3CH2=1643213，∠CH3CH2CH1=1724410，∠CH2CH1B=89430CH1BC=99272，∠BCD=1933010，∠CDE=1925744距離（m）CD=170.617ECH5=136.333DE=161.181CH5CH4=171.754EF=108.361CH4CH3=189.328FG=111.698CH3CH2=121.741GH=124.967CH2CH1=218.272HI=151.589CH1B=88.261IA=174.935AB=161.473BC=263.584水準(zhǔn)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)記錄測(cè)站目標(biāo)點(diǎn)前視讀數(shù)后視讀數(shù)高差1A1.192-0.562B1.7541.80221.435C0.3673.38332.96D0.4232.83742.072E0.7651.92551.336F0.5590.7496-0.187G0.9360.0807-3.756H-3.6760.3188-2.576I2.8941.067-0.7199A1.786表格二測(cè)站目標(biāo)點(diǎn)前視讀數(shù)后視讀數(shù)高程1E1.6980.471CH51.2180.8412-4.86CH45.7011.0643-0.356CH31.4261.0744-0.907CH21.9810.8685-1.226CH1-2.0941.396B0.9730.423二、 水準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)、導(dǎo)線網(wǎng)的條件平差及間接平差（一）水準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)條件平差如圖為路線號(hào)已知B,C兩點(diǎn)高程HB=385.2968、HC=386.7212系數(shù)矩陣1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0A0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1常數(shù)陣l=-7.6-1.4協(xié)因數(shù)陣Q為單位陣所以Naa=A*Q*AT82=82所以聯(lián)系數(shù)k1=0.967；k2=-0.067所以V=Q*AT*K=[-0.9667-0.9000-0.9000-0.9667-0.9667-0.9667-0.9667-0.96670.06670.06670.06670.06670.06670.0667] Tmm-0.96672.959-0.90002.071-0.90001.335-0.96670.188-0.96673.757-0.96672.577VQ*AT-0.96670.720*K；所以h-0.96670.5630.06670.4710.06674.8600.06670.3560.06670.9070.06671.2260.06670.423（二）水準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)間接平差^^^^^^設(shè)D、F、G、H、I、A、CH5、CH4、CH3、CH2、CH1點(diǎn)高程X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、^^^^^^X7、X8、X9、X10、X11、X12作為參數(shù)取^

^X x HC

h11^XxHCh1h222^^XxHCh1h2h333^^XxHCh1h2h3h444^^XxHBh6h7h855^^XxHBh7h866^^XxHBh877^^XxHCh1h2h988^^XxHCh1h2h9h1099^^XxHBh12h13h141010^^XxHCh13h141111^^XxHCh141212所以得到誤差方程，其系數(shù)矩陣100000000000-1100000000000-1100000000000-1100000000000-1100000000000-11000000B00000-1100000000000-1000000-100000100000000000-1100000000000-1100000000000-1100000000000-11000000000001常數(shù)矩陣l0000-7.6000001.4000T權(quán)陣P為單位陣所以2-10000000000-13-10000-100000-12-10000000000-12-10000000000-12-1000000NBBBT*P*B0000-12-10000000000-12000000-1000002-10000000000-12-10000000000-12-10000000000-12-10000000000-12所以W BT*P*l 0007.6-7.6000-1.41.400T所以0.62000.62000.62001.24001.06002.30001.06003.3600-14.1400-3.18001.0600^-2.1200^1.0600xNbb1VB*xl*W-1.06001.06000.8000-0.44000.3600-0.44001.32002.36000.8800-0.44000.4400-0.44000.4400-1.0960-2.00300.8790-4.42700.0660-0.4880^-0.8130LLV0.85200.56000.71902.58203.76600.19503.1110NBB10.80000.60000.50000.40000.30000.20000.10000.50000.40000.30000.20000.10000.60001.20001.00000.80000.60000.40000.20001.00000.80000.60000.40000.20000.50001.00001.66671.33331.00000.66670.33330.83330.66670.50000.33330.16670.40000.80001.33331.86671.40000.93330.46670.66670.53330.40000.26670.13330.30000.60001.00001.40001.80001.20000.60000.50000.40000.30000.20000.10000.20000.40000.66670.93331.20001.46670.73330.33330.26670.20000.13330.06670.10000.20000.33330.46670.60000.73330.86670.16670.13330.10000.06670.03330.50001.00000.83330.66670.50000.33330.16671.66671.33331.00000.66670.33330.40000.80000.66670.53330.40000.26670.13331.33331.86671.40000.93330.46670.30000.60000.50000.40000.30000.20000.10001.00001.40001.80001.20000.60000.20000.40000.33330.26670.20000.13330.06670.66670.93331.20001.46670.73330.10000.20000.16670.13330.10000.06670.03330.33330.46670.60000.73330.8667各點(diǎn)高程中誤差：^D^E^CH5^CH4^CH3^CH2

^4.3106CH14.79494.0285^5.2008L5.8146^7.3546M6.5785^9.0080N6.6805^10.4015O6.1536^11.6293P（三）導(dǎo)線網(wǎng)條件平差下表為各點(diǎn)的近似坐標(biāo)，各邊的方位角、方位角的正余弦及各邊的長(zhǎng)度第一個(gè)閉合環(huán)點(diǎn)改正后之增量號(hào)方位角cosaxy坐標(biāo)值B觀測(cè)角改正角174352距離sina+-+-xyC166295000.855153384.691039397.026031142170.6170.5185145.9388.471D16721700.717053530.62139485.530441145161.1810.6971115.604112.361E8540220-0.749253646.22439597.9251383123108.3610.662381.22971.77F15624370-0.951753565.08039669.728162646111.6980.3071106.34234.307G1446210-0.951053458.82439704.069198025124.967-0.3091118.88938.631H15214320-0.697653340.02139665.4662254553151.589-0.7165105.749108.611I1955690-0.867553234.31439556.8882094944174.935-0.4974151.75987.015A101261600.315553082.59839469.9062882328161.473-0.948950.945153.226B90393600.952553133.58639316.713C16629500174352263.5840.3046251.06380.27553384.691039397.0260第二個(gè)閉合環(huán)點(diǎn)改正后之增量號(hào)方位角cosaxy坐標(biāo)值B觀測(cè)角改正角174352距離sina+-+-xyC1933080.855153384.691039397.026031140170.6170.5185145.88888.469D19257420.717053530.56839485.520441142161.1810.6971115.562112.360E10041420.818053646.11939597.9053245324136.333-0.5751111.52778.412CH582248-0.678353757.63539519.5182271732171.754-0.7348116.494126.209CH41645958-0.854553641.13039393.3342111730189.328-0.5194161.78798.336CH31643213-0.962153479.33239295.0231954943121.741-0.2728117.12533.206CH2172449-0.988853362.19639261.8421883352218.272-0.1489215.83832.505CH1894259-0.144053146.34739229.36298165188.2580.989612.71187.338B992710.952553133.62539316.725C1933010174352263.60.3046251.07880.27953384.691039397.0260因?yàn)閚=32，t=24，故r=8，可列出八個(gè)條件方程，其系數(shù)矩陣 A為8*32的矩陣A=接上表改正數(shù)依次為VS1、VS2、VS3、VS4、VS5、VS6、VS7、VS8、VS9、VS10、VS11、VS12、VS13、VS14、Vb1、Vb2、Vb3、Vb4、Vb5、Vb6、Vb7、Vb8、Vb9、Vb10、Vb11、Vb12、Vb13、Vb14Vb15、Vb16、Vb17、Vb18常數(shù)矩陣為W 1 0 0 11-99 -83-22 10協(xié)因數(shù)陣 Q=接上由此可計(jì)算的2.000001.00001.0000-1.26790.9714-1.26740.973902.00001.00001.0000-0.70750.4291-0.70720.42901.00001.00009.000000.41826.251600NaaA*Q*AT1.00001.000009.000000-3.0033-0.3732-1.2679-0.70750.4182011.8146-0.24171.24191.56210.97140.42916.25160-0.241714.70361.56212.0762-1.2674-0.70720-3.00331.24191.562114.0958-0.71490.97390.42900-0.37321.56212.0762-0.714911.4122所以可以組成法方程N(yùn)aa*KW0解得K11.59309.9676-9.6768-3.891011.52929.7110-0.1078-5.7190所以計(jì)算的改正數(shù)V15.927917.44630.3904-6.3683-15.9943-22.7914-24.7688-12.7180-6.29346.79889.35836.734312.37830.6327-9.6768-3.6992-3.2689-6.92080.63525.45826.254910.63990.5776-7.0923-3.6546-1.0133-0.15450.6332-1.7957-3.89103.69922.2689TmmVS1V S 2V S 3V S 4V S 5V S 6V S 7V S8V S 9VS10V S11V S12V S13V S14V b1V b 2V b3V b 4Vb5V b6V b7V b8V b9V b10V b11V b12V b13Vb14V b15V b16V b17V b18111111

15.9279170.633m17.4463161.198m0.3904108.361m-6.3683111.692m-15.9943124.950m-22.7914151.568m-24.7688174.911m-12.7180161.462m-6.2934136.328m6.7988171.760m9.3583189.338m6.7343121.747m12.3783218.284m0.632788.259m-9.67689039'26"-3.6992^16629'46"mm-LLV1672'14"3.2689-6.92088540'15"0.635215624'38"5.45821446'26"6.254915214'38"10.63991955619"0.577610126'17"-7.092310041'36"-3.65468224'6"-1.013316359'59"-0.154516432'13"0.633217244'11"-1.79578942'58"-3.89109926'58"3.699219330'14"2.268919257'46"1（四）導(dǎo)線網(wǎng)間接平差（四）導(dǎo)線網(wǎng)間接平差坐標(biāo)方位角改正數(shù)方程的系數(shù)計(jì)算表（第一個(gè)閉合環(huán)）a（"/mm）b（"/mm）點(diǎn)號(hào)近似坐標(biāo)S-S°"sin"cosBxy近似邊長(zhǎng)S°（m）cossin(mm)S*1000S*1000C53384.691039397.0260170.6710.85510.5185-540.6266-1.0334D53530.62139485.530161.2350.71700.6971-540.8918-0.9172E53646.22439597.925108.351-0.74920.6623101.26081.4262F53565.08039669.728111.668-0.95170.3071300.56731.7579G53458.82439704.069124.917-0.9510-0.309150-0.51041.5703H53340.02139665.466151.536-0.6976-0.716553-0.97530.9495I53234.31439556.888174.882-0.8675-0.497453-0.58671.0232A53082.59839469.906161.4550.3155-0.948918-1.2123-0.4031B53133.58639316.713C 53384.6910 39397.0260 263.636 0.9525 0.3046 -52 0.2383 -0.7452點(diǎn)號(hào)坐標(biāo)值BxyC53384.691039397.0260D53530.56839485.520E53646.11939597.905CH553757.63539519.518CH453641.13039393.334CH353479.33239295.023CH253362.19639261.842CH153146.34739229.362B53133.62539316.725C53384.691039397.0260

坐標(biāo)方位角改正數(shù)方程的系數(shù)計(jì)算表（第二個(gè)閉合環(huán)）a（"/mm）b（"/mm）近似邊長(zhǎng)S°"sin"cos（m）cossinS-S°(mm)S*1000S*1000170.62030.85510.5185-30.6268-1.0337161.19060.71700.6971-100.8920-0.9175136.30970.8180-0.575123-0.8703-1.2378171.7435-0.6783-0.734811-0.88250.8146189.3242-0.8545-0.51944-0.56590.9310121.7449-0.9621-0.2728-4-0.46221.6300218.279-0.9888-0.1489-7-0.14070.934488.28444-0.14400.9896-262.31210.3364263.595 0.9525 0.3046 5 0.2384 -0.7453^^由題意，選取A、D、E、F、G、H、I、CH1、CH2、CH3、CH4、CH5等12個(gè)點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)x,y，AA^^^^^^^^^^^^^^x,y，x,y，x,y，x,y，x,y，x,y，x,y，DDEEFFGGHHIICH1CH1^^^^^^^^xCH2,y，xCH3,y，xCH4,y，xCH5,y作為參數(shù)。CH2CH3CH4CH5根據(jù)以上數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合以下公式列出了 30個(gè)條件方程誤差方程系數(shù)計(jì)算表一方向 y x S^2 xa ya xb ybCD-88.494-145.87729111.28762.702-115.80689.218-91.732DE-112.385-115,55125982.422-89.21891.73287.021123.799ECH578.387-111.51618580870.20961237.9897-870.21-1237.99CH5CH4126.184116.50529496.0015-882.402814.717882.402-814.717CH4CH398.311161.79835843.577-565.739931.081565.739-931.081CH3CH233.181117.13614821.845-461.7561630.098461.756-1630.1CH2CH132.48215.84947645.7218140.611934.441140.6105-934.441CH1B-87.36312.7227794.06466-2312.01-336.6797BC-80.301-251.06669484.96CD-88.504-145.9329128.5902626.713-1033.358DE-112.395-115.60325996.7252-891.772917.22525891.772-917.225EF-71.80381.14411739.9392-1261.54-1425.661261.5441425.661FG-34.341106.25612469.7422-568.043-1757.606568.0431757.606GH38.603118.80315604.2569510.2741-1570.398-510.2741570.398HI108.578105.70722963.1593975.2944-949.5059-975.294949.506IA86.982151.71630583.7139-586.6311023.215586.6306-1023.21AB153.193-50.988260681212.151403.44636誤差方程系數(shù)計(jì)算表二方向 y x S a bECH578.387-111.516136.310.81810579-0.5750642CH5CH4126.184116.505171.744-0.6783643-0.7347214CH4CH398.311161.798189.324-0.854609-0.5192738CH3CH233.181117.136121.745-0.9621422-0.2725451CH2CH132.48215.849218.279-0.9888675-0.1488004CH1B-87.36312.72288.284-0.14410310.98956776BC-80.301-251.066263.60.952450680.30463202CD-88.504-145.93170.6710.855036880.51856496DE-112.395-115.603161.2350.716984530.6970881EF-71.80381.144108.351-0.74889940.66268885FG-34.341106.256111.668-0.95153490.30752767GH38.603118.803124.917-0.9510555-0.3090292HI108.578105.707151.536-0.6975702-0.7165162IA86.982151.716174.882-0.8675335-0.4973754AB153.193-50.988161.4550.31580316-0.9488278以下為條件方程的系數(shù)矩陣 B常數(shù)項(xiàng)矩陣32.4000-18.7000-42.800033.600052.9000111.4000-41.0000-34.900063.7000-56.8000-131.60001.27678.30000.719342.20001.2765-6.9000-1.725824.30000.6147l2.0395116.9000-63.3012-1.7126-49.6381-2.019523.27910.2652110.5376-0.5184113.8190-0.2829-23.9024*P*L0.5962WBT-47.04430.2094-26.4440-0.1828-54.00000.7534110.0000-0.265930.0000-0.457050.00002.199553.00000.212055.0000*10^6-1.32400.0009-0.22050.67200.2561由公式NBB BT*P*B 10000*通過(guò)計(jì)算得1ffm=3"Nn11.16個(gè) .1P0.360.36.^xA^yA^xD^yD^xE^yE^xF^yF^xG

14個(gè) .0.361.21183.49130.89450.51275.23714.724035.388140.681529.029038.626233.171637.2800

^xI^yI^xCH1^yCH1^xCH2^yCH2^xCH3^yCH3^xCH4

4.61961.53740.46853.21623.91263.73401.85124.311010.503411.82744.94574.9235所以

^yG

^yCH4^xH^yH

^xCH5^yCH5于是計(jì)算的到各點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)的平差值53082.599239469.9025D53530.621939485.530553646.229239597.929753565.044639669.768753458.79539704.107653234.318639556.8865CH153146.347539229.3588CH2 53362.1999 39261.8383CH3 53479.3339 39295.0187CH4 53641.1195 39393.3222CH5 53757.6399 39519.5229VTPVr

VTPVn t

=6.3"由Q^^NBB1得xx點(diǎn)號(hào)QxxQyyQxy點(diǎn)號(hào)QxxQyyQxyA8.91041.43521.3397I3.08975.5183-0.9831D2.13322.73551.4508CH12.62463.6481-1.7729E2.37739.9624-2.5124CH22.93145.82041.1765F4.59252.97111.2885CH32.66366.3074-1.3169G6.38476.54844.7776CH47.60982.00660.6598H2.88134.08142.9558CH58.32123.6493-0.4061點(diǎn)號(hào)EF點(diǎn)號(hào)EFA6.62．4I6．62．9D9．26.1CH13．41．7E8.45．