操縱與避碰-避碰規(guī)則全文

RegulationsforPreventingCollisionsatSea.PARTA──Rule1TheseRulesshalltoallvesselsuponthehighseasandinallwatersconnectedtherewithnavigablebyseagoingvessels. NothingintheseRulesshallinterferewiththeoperationofspecialrulesmadebyanappropriateauthorityforroadsteads,harbours,rivers,lakesorinlandwaterwaysconnectedwiththehighseasandnavigablebysea-goingvessels.SuchspecialrulesshallconformascloselyaspossibletotheseRules.NothingintheseRulesshallinterferewiththeoperationofanyspecialrulesmadebytheernmentofanyStatewithrespecttoadditionalstationorsignallights,shsorsignalsforshipsofwarandvesselsproceedingunderconvoy,orwithrespecttoadditionalstationorshsforfishingvesselsengagedinfishingasafleet.Theseadditionalstationorsignallights,shsorsignalsshall,sofaraspossible,besuchthattheycannotbemistakenforanylight,shorsignalauthorizedelsewhereundertheseRules.Trafficseparationschemesmaybeadoptedbytheanizationforthepurposeofthese WhenevertheernmentconcernedshallhavedeterminedthatavesselofspecialconstructionorpurposecannotcomplyfullywiththeprovisionsofanyoftheseRuleswithrespecttothenumber,position,rangeorarcofvisibilityoflightsorshs,aswellastothedispositionandcharacteristicsofsound-signalingappliances,suchvesselshallcomplywithsuchotherprovisionsinregardtothenumber,position,rangeorarcofvisibilityoflightsorshs,aswellastothedispositionandcharacteristicsofsound-signalingappliances,asherernmentshallhavedeterminedtobetheclosestpossiblecompliancewiththeseRulesinrespectofthatvessel.第一 適用范本規(guī)則適用于公海和連接于公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶本規(guī)則不妨礙有關(guān)主管機(jī)關(guān)為連接于公海而可供海船航行的任何港外錨地、港口、江河、湖泊或內(nèi)陸水道所制訂的特殊規(guī)定的實(shí)施。這種特殊規(guī)定,應(yīng)盡可能符合本規(guī)則。為實(shí)施本規(guī)則，本組織可以采納分道通航制凡經(jīng)有關(guān)確定，某種特殊構(gòu)造或用途的船舶，如不能完全遵守本規(guī)則任何一條關(guān)于號燈或號型的數(shù)量、位置、能見距離或弧度以及聲號設(shè)備的配置和特性的規(guī)定時，則應(yīng)遵守其在號燈或號型的數(shù)量、位置、能見距離或弧度以及聲號設(shè)備的配置和特性方面為之另行確定的盡可能符合本規(guī)則要求的規(guī)定。Rule2NothingintheseRulesshallexonerateanyvessel,ortheowner,masterorcrewthereof,fromtheconsequencesofanyneglecttocomplywiththeseRulesoroftheneglectofanyprecautionwhiayberequiredbytheordinarypracticeofseamen,orbythespecialcircumstancesoftheInconstruingandcomplyingwiththeseRulesdueregardshallbehadtoalldangersofnavigationandcollisionandtoanyspecialcircumstances,includingthelimitationsofthevesselsinvolved,whichmaymakeadeparturefromtheseRulesnecessarytoavoidimmediatedanger.第二 責(zé)本規(guī)則并不免除任何船舶或其所有人、船長或船員由于遵守本規(guī)則的任何疏忽，或者海員通常做法要求的或當(dāng)時特殊情況要求的任何戒備上的疏忽而產(chǎn)生的各種的責(zé)任。在解釋和遵守本規(guī)則時，應(yīng)考慮到一切航行和碰撞的以及包括當(dāng)事船舶條件限制在內(nèi)的任何特殊情況，這些和特殊情況可能使船舶在必要時為避免緊迫而背離本規(guī)則。Rule3GeneralForthepurposeoftheseRules,exceptwherethecontextotherwiseTheword"vessel"includeseverydescriptionofwatercraft,includingnon-displacementcraftandseaplanes,usedorcapableofbeingusedasameansoftransportationonwater.Theterm"power-drivenvessel"meansanyvesselundersailprovidedthatpropellingmachinery,iffitted,isnotbeingused.Theterm"vesselengagedinfishing"meansanyvesselfishingwithnets,lines,trawlsorotherfishingapparatuswhichrestrictmaneuverability,butdoesnotincludeavesselfishingwithtrollinglinesorotherfishingapparatuswhichdonotrestrictmaneuverability.Theword"seaplane"includesanyaircraftdesignedtomanoeuvreontheTheterm"vesselnotundercommand"meansavesselwhichthroughsomeexceptionalcircumstanceisunabletomanoeuvreasrequiredbytheseRulesandisthereforeunabletokeepoutofthewayofanothervessel.Theterm"vesselrestrictedinherabilitytomanoeuvre"meansavesselwhichfromthenatureofherworkisrestrictedinherabilitytomanoeuvreasrequiredbytheseRulesandisthereforeunabletokeepoutofthewayofanothervessel.Theterm"vesselsrestrictedintheirabilitytomanoeuvre"shallincludebutnotbelimitedto:Avesselengagedinlaying,servicingorpickingupanavigationmark,submarinecableorpipeline;Avesselengagedindredging,surveyingorunderwaterAvesselengagedinreplenishmentortransferring s,provisionsorcargowhileavesselengagedinthelaunchingorrecoveryofavesselengagedinmineclearanceavesselengagedinatowingoperationsuchasseverelyrestrictsthetowingvesselandhertowintheirabilitytodeviatefromtheircourse.Theterm"vesselconstrainedbyherdraught"meansapower-drivenvesselwhich,becauseofherdraughtinrelationtotheavailabledepthandwidthofnavigablewater,isseverelyrestrictedinherabilitytodeviatefromthecoursesheisfollowing.Theword"underway"meansthatavesselisnotatanchor,ormadefasttotheshore,orThewords"length"and"breadth"ofavesselmeanherlengthoverallandgreatestVesselsshallbedeemedtobeinsightofoneanotheronlywhenonecanbeobservedvisuallyfromtheother.(L)Theterm"restrictedvisibility"meansanyconditioninwhichvisibilityisrestrictedbyfog,mist,fallingsnow,heavyrainstorms,sandstormsoranyothersimilarcauses.第三 一般定除其他條文另有解釋外，在本規(guī)則１“船舶一詞指用作或者能夠用作水上工具的各類水上船筏包括非排水船舶和水上飛機(jī)。２．“機(jī)動船”一詞，指用機(jī)器推進(jìn)的任何船舶４“從事捕魚的船舶”一詞，指使用網(wǎng)具、繩釣、拖網(wǎng)或其他使其性能受到限制漁具捕魚的任何船舶，但不包括使用曳繩釣或其他并不使其性能受到限制的漁具捕魚的船舶。５“水上飛機(jī)”一詞，包括為能在水面而設(shè)計的任何航空器縱，因而不能給他船讓路的船舶。７“能力受到限制的船舶一詞指由于工作性質(zhì)使其按本規(guī)則要求進(jìn)行的能力受到限制，因而不能給他船讓路的船舶?！澳芰κ艿较拗频拇啊币辉~應(yīng)包括，但不限于下列船舶（１）從事敷設(shè)、維修或起撈助航標(biāo)志、海底電纜或管道的船舶（２）從事疏浚、測量或水業(yè)的船舶（３）在航中從事補(bǔ)給或轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)、食品或貨物的船舶（４）從事或回收航空器的船舶（５）從事清除水雷作業(yè)的船舶（６）嚴(yán)重受到限制者。力嚴(yán)重地受到限制的機(jī)動船。１２“能見度不良一詞指任何由于下雪暴風(fēng)雨沙暴或任何其他類似原因而使能見度受到限制的情況。PARTB-STEERINGANDSAILINGRULESSECTION1-CONDUCTOFVESSELSINANYCONDITIONOFVISIBILITYRule4RulesinthisSectionapplyinanyconditionof第二 駕駛和航行規(guī)第一節(jié)船舶在任何能見度情況下的行動規(guī)（第四——第十條Rule5Look-Everyvesselshallatalltimesmaintainaproperlookoutbysightandhearingaswellasbyallavailablemeansappropriateintheprevailingcircumstancesandconditionssotomakeafullappraisalofthesituationandoftheriskofcollision.第五 每一船應(yīng)在任何時候用視覺聽覺以及適合當(dāng)時環(huán)境和情況的一切可用保持正規(guī)的了望，以便對局面和碰撞作出充分的估計。Rule6SafeEveryvesselshallatalltimesproceedatasafespeedsothatshecantakeproperandeffectiveactiontoavoidcollisionandbestoppedwithinadistanceappropriatetotheprevailingcircumstancesandconditions.IndeterminingasafespeedthefollowingfactorsshallbeamongthosetakenintoByallThestateofThetrafficdensityincludingconcentrationsoffishingvesselsoranyotherThemanoeuvrabilityofthevesselwithspecialreferencetostopdistanceandturningabilityintheprevailingconditions;atnightthepresenceofbackgroundlightsuchasfromshorelightsorfrombackscatterofherownlights;thestateofwind,seaandcurrent,andtheproximityofnavigationalthedraughtinrelationtotheavailabledepthofAdditionally,byvesselswithoperationalthecharacteristics,efficiencyandlimitationsoftheradaranyconstraintsimposedbytheradarrangescaleintheeffectonradardetectionoftheseastate,weatherandothersourcesofthepossibilitythatsmallvessels,iceandotherfloatingobjectsmaynotbedetectedbyradaratanadequaterange;Thenumber,locationandmovementofvesselsdetectedbyThemoreexa sessmentofthevisibilitythatmaybepossiblewhenradarisusedtodeterminetherangeofvesselsorotherobjectsinthevicinity.第六 安全航每一船在任何時候都應(yīng)用安全航速行駛,以便能采取適當(dāng)而有效的行動避免碰撞,并能在適合當(dāng)時環(huán)境和情況的距離以內(nèi)把船停住。在決定安全航速時，考慮的因素中應(yīng)包括下列各點(diǎn)：通航密度，包括漁船或者任何其他船舶的密集程度船舶的性能，特別是在當(dāng)時情況下的沖程和旋回性能(6)吃水與可用水深的關(guān)對備有可使用的的船舶，還須考慮(1)設(shè)備的特性、效率和局限性所選用的距離標(biāo)尺帶來的任何限制海況、天氣和其他干擾源對探測的影響在適當(dāng)距離內(nèi)，對小船、浮冰和其他漂浮物有探測不到的可能性探測到的船舶數(shù)目、位置和動當(dāng)用測定附近船舶或其他物體的距離時，可能對能見度作出的更確切的估計Rule7RiskofCollisionEveryvesselshalluseallavailablemeansappropriatetotheprevailingcircumstancesandconditionstodetermineifriskofcollisionexists.Ifthereisanydoubtsuchriskshallbedeemedtoexist. Properuseshallbemadeofradarequipmentiffittedandoperational,includinglong-rangescanningtoobtainearlywarningofriskofcollisionandradarplottingorequivalentsystematicobservationofdetectedobjects.Assumptionsshallnotbemadeonthebasisofscantyinformation,especiallyscantyradarIndeterminingifriskofcollisionexiststhefollowingconsiderationsshallbeamongthosetakenintoaccount:Suchriskshallbedeemedtoexistifthecompassbearingofanapproachingvesseldoesnotappreciablychange:Suchriskmaysometimesexistevenwhenanappreciablebearingchangeisevident,particularlywhenapproachingaverylargevesseloratoworwhenapproachingavesselatcloserange.第七 碰，每一船應(yīng)用適合當(dāng)時環(huán)境和情況的一切可用斷定是否存在碰撞任何懷疑，則應(yīng)認(rèn)為存在這種。，如裝有設(shè)備并可使用的話則應(yīng)正確予以使用,包括遠(yuǎn)距離掃瞄,以便獲得碰撞的早期警報,并對探測到的物標(biāo)進(jìn)行標(biāo)繪或與其相當(dāng)?shù)南到y(tǒng)觀察。不應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)不充分的資料，特別是不充分的觀測資料作出推斷在斷定是否存在碰撞時，考慮的因素中應(yīng)包括下列各點(diǎn)如果來船的羅經(jīng)方位沒有明顯的變化，則應(yīng)認(rèn)為存在這種即使有明顯的方位變化，有時也可能存在這種，特別是在駛近一艘很大的船或拖RuleActiontoavoidAnyactiontoavoidcollisionshall,ifthecircumstancesofthecaseadmit,bepositive,madeinampletimeandwithdueregardtotheobservanceofgoodseamanship.Anyalterationofcourseand/orspeedtoavoidcollisionshall,ifthecircumstancesofthecaseadmit,belargeenoughtobereadilyapparenttoanothervesselobservingvisuallyorbyradar;asuccessionofsmallalterationsofcourseand/orspeedshouldbeavoided.Ifthereissufficientsearoom,alterationofcoursealonemaybethemosteffectiveactiontoavoidaclose-quarterssituationprovidedthatitismadeingoodtime,issubstantialanddoesnotresultinanotherclosequarterssituation.Actiontakentoavoidcollisionwithanothervesselshallbesuchastoresultinpassingatsafedistance,theeffectivenessoftheactionshallbecarefullycheckeduntiltheothervesselisfinallypastandclear.Ifnecessarytoavoidcollisionorallowmoretimetoassessthesituation,avesselshallslackenherspeedortakeallwayoffbystoporreversinghermeansofpropulsion.(i)Avesselwhich,byanyoftheserules,isrequirednottoimpedethepassageorsafepassageofanothervesselshall,whenrequiredbythecircumstancesofthecase,takeearlyactiontoallowsufficientsea-roomforthesafepassageoftheothervessel.Avesselrequirednottoimpedethepassageorsafepassageofanothervesselisnotrelievedofthisobligationifapproachingtheothervesselsoastoinvolveriskofcollisionandshall,whentakingaction,havefullregardtotheactionwhiayrequiredbytherulesofthisAvesselthepassageofwhichisnottobeimpededremainsfullyobligedtocomplywiththerulesofthispartwhenthetwovesselsareapproachingoneanothersoastoinvolveriskofcollision.第八 避免碰撞的行為避免碰撞所采取的任何行動，如當(dāng)時環(huán)境，應(yīng)是積極的，應(yīng)及早地進(jìn)行并注意運(yùn)用良好的船藝。為避免碰撞而作的航向和（或）航速的任何變動，如當(dāng)時環(huán)境，應(yīng)大得足以使他船用視覺或觀察時容易察覺到；應(yīng)避免對航向和（或）航速作一連串的小變動。為避免與他船碰撞而采取的行動，應(yīng)能導(dǎo)致在安全的距離駛過。應(yīng)細(xì)心查核避讓行動的有效性，直到最后駛過讓清他船為止。為避免碰撞或留有時間來估計局面必要時,船舶應(yīng)當(dāng)或者停止或倒轉(zhuǎn)推進(jìn)器把(1)根據(jù)本規(guī)則任何規(guī)定求不得妨礙另一艘船通過或安全通過的船舶應(yīng)根據(jù)環(huán)境(2)如果在接近其他船舶致有碰撞時，被要求不得妨礙另一艘船通過或安全通過的船Rule9NarrowAvesselproceedingalongthecourseofanarrowchannelorfairwayshallkeepasneartotheouterlimitofthechannelorfairwaywhichliesonherstarboardsideasissafeandAvesseloflessthan20metersinlengthorasailingvesselshallnotimpedethepassageofavesselwhichcansafelynavigateonlywithinnarrowchannelorfairway.Avesselengagedinfishingshallnotimpedethepassageofanyothervesselnavigatingwithinanarrowchannelorfairway.Avesselshallnotcrossanarrowchannelorfairwayifsuchcrossingimpedesthepassageofavesselwhichcansafelynavigateonlywithinsuchchannelorfairway.ThelattervesselmayusethesoundsignalprescribedinRule34(d)ifindoubtastotheintentionofthecrossingvessel.(i)Inanarrowchannelorfairwaywhenovertakingcantakeplaceonlyifthevesseltobeovertakenhastotakeactiontopermitsafepassing,thevesselintendingtoovertakeshallindicateherintentionbysoundingtheappropriatesignalprescribedinRule34(c)(i).Thevesseltobeovertakenshall,ifinagreement,soundtheappropriatesignalprescribedinRule34(c)(ii)andtakestepstopermitsafepassing.IfindoubtshemaysoundthesignalsprescribedinRule34(d).(ii)ThisRuledoesnotrelievetheovertakingvesselofherobligationunderRuleAvesselnearingabendoranareaofanarrowchannelorfairwaywhereothervesselsmaybeobscuredbyaninterveningobstructionshallnavigatewithparticularalertnessandcautionandshallsoundtheappropriatesignalprescribedinRule34(e).Anyvesselshall,ifthecircumstancesofthecaseadmit,avoidanchoringinanarrow第九 狹水船舶沿狹水道或航道行駛時，只要安全可行，應(yīng)盡量靠近其右舷的該水道或航道的緣帆船或者長度小于20米的船舶，不應(yīng)妨礙只能在狹水道或航道以內(nèi)安全航行的船舶通從事捕魚的船舶，不應(yīng)妨礙任何其他在狹水道或航道以內(nèi)航行的船舶通船舶不應(yīng)穿越狹水道或航道，如果這種穿越會妨礙只能在這種水道或航道以內(nèi)安全航行的船舶通行。后者若對穿越船的意圖有懷疑時可以使用第三十四條4款所規(guī)定的聲號。5.(1在狹水道或航道內(nèi)，企圖追越的船，應(yīng)鳴放第三十四條3款(1項(xiàng)所規(guī)定的相應(yīng)聲號，3款()所規(guī)定的相。懷疑，則可以鳴放第三十四條4款所規(guī)定的聲號。(2)本條并不解除追越船根據(jù)第十三條所負(fù)的義船舶在駛近其他船舶可能被居間物遮蔽的狹水道或航道的彎頭或地段時，應(yīng)特別機(jī)警和謹(jǐn)慎地駕駛，并應(yīng)鳴放第三十四條5款所規(guī)定的相應(yīng)聲號。任何船舶，如當(dāng)時環(huán)境，都應(yīng)避免在狹水道內(nèi)錨泊RuleTrafficSeparationThisruleappliestotrafficseparationschemesadoptedbytheanizationanddoesnotrelieveanyvesselofherobligationunderanyotherrule.Avesselusingatrafficseparationschemeproceedintheappropriatetrafficlaneinteraldirectionoftrafficflowforthatsofaraspracticablekeepclearofatrafficseparationlineorseparationnormallyjoinorleaveatrafficlaneattheterminationofthelane,butwhenjoiningorleavingfromeithersideshalldosoatassmallanangletothegeneraldirectionoftrafficflowaspracticable.Avesselshall,sofaraspracticable,avoidcrossingtrafficlanesbutifobligedtodososhallcrossonaheadingasnearlyaspracticableatrightanglestothegeneraldirectionoftrafficflow.(i)Avesselshallnotuseaninshoretrafficzonewhenshecansafelyusetheappropriatetrafficlanewithintheadjacenttrafficseparationscheme.However,vesselsoflessthan20metresinlength,sailingvesselsandvesselsengagedinfishingmayusetheinshoretrafficzone.(ii)Notwithstandingsubparagraph(d)(i),avesselmayuseaninshoretrafficzonewhenenroutetoorfromaport,offshoreinstallationorstructure,pilotstationoranyotherplacesituatedwithintheinshoretrafficzone,ortoavoidimmediateAvesselotherthanacrossingvesseloravesseljoiningorleavingalaneshallnotnormallyenteraseparationzoneorcrossaseparationlineexcept:incaseofemergencytoavoidimmediatetoengageinfishingwithinaseparationAvesselnavigatinginareasnear terminationsoftrafficseparationschemesshalldo particularcaution.Avesselshallsofaraspracticableavoidanchoringinatrafficseparationschemeorinareasnearitsterminations.AvesselnotusingatrafficseparationschemeshallavoiditbyaswideamarginasisAvesselengagedinfishingshallnotimpedethepassageofanyvesselfollowingatrafficAvesseloflessthan20metresinlengthorasailingvesselshallnotimpedethesafepassageofapower-drivenvesselfollowingatrafficlane.AvesselrestrictedinherabilitytomanoeuvrewhenengagedinanoperationforthemaintenanceofsafetyofnavigationinatrafficseparationschemeisexemptedfromcomplyingwiththisRuletotheextentnecessarytocarryouttheoperation.Avesselrestrictedinherabilitytomanoeuvrewhenengagedinanoperationforthelaying,servicingorpickingupofasubmarinecable,withinatrafficseparationscheme,isexemptedfromcomplyingwiththisRuletotheextentnecessarytocarryoutthe第十 分道通航本條適用于本組織所采納的各分道通航制,但并不解除任何船舶遵守任何其他各條規(guī)使用分道通航制區(qū)域的船舶(3)通常在通航分道的端部駛進(jìn)或駛出,但從分道的任何一側(cè)駛進(jìn)或駛出時,應(yīng)與分道船舶應(yīng)盡可能避免穿越通航分道,但如不得不穿越時,應(yīng)盡可能用與分道的船舶總流向成直角的船首向穿越;4.(1)當(dāng)船舶可安全使用鄰近分道通航制區(qū)中相應(yīng)通航分道時,不應(yīng)使用沿岸通航帶.但長度小于20米的船舶、帆船和從事捕魚的船舶可使用沿岸通航帶；(2)除本條4(1)規(guī)定外,當(dāng)船舶抵離港口、近岸設(shè)施或建筑物、引航站或位于沿岸通航帶除穿越船或者駛進(jìn)或駛出通航分道的船舶外,船通常不應(yīng)進(jìn)入分隔帶或穿越分隔線,非在緊急情況下避免緊迫;船舶在分道通航制區(qū)域端部附近行駛時,應(yīng)特別謹(jǐn)慎船舶應(yīng)盡可能避免在分道通航制區(qū)域內(nèi)或其端部附近錨泊不使用分道通航制區(qū)域的船舶,應(yīng)盡可能遠(yuǎn)離該區(qū)域從事捕魚的船舶,不應(yīng)妨礙按通航分道行駛的任何船舶的通行帆船或長度小于20米的船舶,不應(yīng)妨礙按通航分道行駛的機(jī)動船的安全通行能力受到限制的船舶,當(dāng)在分道通航制區(qū)域內(nèi)從事航行安全的作業(yè)時,在執(zhí)該作業(yè)所必需的限度內(nèi),免受本條規(guī)定的約束能力受到限制的船舶,當(dāng)在分道通航制區(qū)域內(nèi)從事敷設(shè)、或起撈海底電纜時,SECTIONⅡ-CONDUCTOFVESSELSINSIGHTOFONEANOTHERRule11Rulesinthissectionapplytovesselsin one第二節(jié)船舶在互見中的行動規(guī)第十一條適用范圍本節(jié)各條適用于互見中的船舶Rule12SailingWhentwosailingvesselsareapproachingoneanother,soastoinvolveriskofcollision,oneofthemshallkeepoutofthewayoftheotherasfollows:wheneachhasthewindonadifferentside,thevesselwhichhasthewindontheportsideshallkeepoutofthewayoftheother.whenbothhavethewindonthesameside,thevesselwhichistowind-wardshallkeepoutofthewayofthevesselwhichistoleeward;ifavesselwiththewindontheportsideseesavesseltowindwardandcannotdeterminewithcertaintywhethertheothervesselhasthewindontheportoronthestarboardside,sheshallkeepoutofthewayoftheother.ForthepurposeofthisRulethewindwardsideshallbedeemedtobethesideoppositetothatonwhichthemainsailiscarriedor,inthecaseofasquare-riggedvessel,thesideoppositetothatonwhichthelargestforeandaftsailiscarried.第十二條帆兩船在同舷受風(fēng)時,上風(fēng)船應(yīng)給下風(fēng)船讓路就本條規(guī)定而言,船舶的受風(fēng)舷側(cè)應(yīng)認(rèn)為是主帆被吹向的一舷的對面舷側(cè);對于方帆船,則Rule13NotwithstandinganythingcontainedintheRulesofPartB,SectionsIandII,anyvesselovertakinganyothershallkeepoutofthewayofthevesselbeinertaken.Avesselshallbedeemedtobeovertakingwhencomingupwithanothervesselfromadirectionmorethan22.5degreesabaftherbeam,thatis,insuchapositionwithreferencetothevesselsheisovertaking,thatatnight dbeabletoseeonlythesternlightofthatvesselbutneitherofhersidelights.Whenavesselisinanydoubtastoshethatsheisovertakinganother,sheshallassumethatthisisthecaseandactaccordingly.AnysubsequentalternationofthebearingbetweenthetwovesselsshallnotmaketheovertakingvesselacrossingvesselwithinthemeaningoftheseRulesorrelieveherofthedutyofkeeclearoftheovertakenvesseluntilsheisfinallypastandclear.第十三 追不論第二章第一節(jié)和第二節(jié)的各條規(guī)定如何,任何船舶在追越任何他船時,均應(yīng)給被追越船讓路.一船正從他船正橫后大于22.5度的某一方向趕上他船時,即該船對其所追越的船處的位置,在夜間只能看見被追越船的尾燈而不能看見他的任一舷燈時,應(yīng)認(rèn)為是在追越中.當(dāng)一船對其是否在追越他船有任何懷疑時,該船應(yīng)假定是在追越,并應(yīng)采取相應(yīng)行動中所指的交叉船,或者免除其讓開被追越船的責(zé)任,直到最后駛過讓清為止RuleHead-onWhentwopower-drivenvesselsaremeetingonreciprocalornearlyreciprocalcoursessoastoinvolveriskofcollisioneachshallalterhercoursetostarboardsothateachshallpassontheportsideoftheother.Suchasituationshallbedeemedtoexistwhenavesselseestheotheraheadornearlyaheadandbynightshecouldseethemastheadlightsoftheotherinalineornearlyinalineand/orbothsidelightsandbydaysheobservesthecorrespondingaspectoftheothervessel.Whenavesselisinanydoubtastowhethersuchasituationexistssheshallassumethatitdoesexistandactaccordingly.第十四 對遇局當(dāng)兩艘機(jī)動船在相反的或接近相反的航向上相遇有構(gòu)成碰撞時,各應(yīng)向右轉(zhuǎn)向,從而當(dāng)一船看見他船在正前方或接近正前方,并且在夜間,能看見他船的前后桅燈成一直線或接近一直線和(或)兩盞燈;在白天看到他船的上述相應(yīng)形態(tài)時,則應(yīng)認(rèn)為存在這樣的局面.當(dāng)一船對是否存在這樣的局面有任何懷疑時,該船應(yīng)假定確實(shí)存在這種局面,并應(yīng)采取相應(yīng)的行動.Rule15Whentwopower-drivenvesselsarecrossingsoastoinvolveriskofcollision,thevesselwhichhastheotheronherownstarboardsideshallkeepoutofthewayandshall,ifthecircumstancesofthecaseadmit,avoidcrossingaheadoftheother第十五 交叉相遇局當(dāng)兩艘機(jī)動船交叉相遇致有構(gòu)成碰撞時,有他船在本船右舷的船舶應(yīng)給他船讓路,如RuleActionbyGive-wayEveryvesselwhichisdirectedtokeepout wayofanothervesselshall,sofaraspossible,takeearly andsubstantialactiontokeepwellclear.第十六 讓路船的行須給他船讓路的船舶,應(yīng)盡可能及早地采取大幅度的行動,寬裕地讓清他船RuleActionbyStand-on(i)Whereoneoftwovesselsistokeepoutofthewaytheothershallkeephercourseandspeed.(ii)Thelattervesselmayhowevertakeactiontoavoidcollisionbyhermanoeuvrealone,assoonasit esapparenttoherthatthevesselrequiredtokeepoutofthewayisnottakingappropriateactionincompliancewiththeseRules.When,fromanycause,thevesselrequiredtokeephercourseandspeedfindsherselfsoclosethatcollisioncannotbeavoidedbytheactionofthegive-wayvesselalone,sheshalltakesuchactionaswillbestaidtoavoidcollision.Apower-drivenvesselwhichtakesactioninacrossingsituationinaccordancewithsub-paragraph(a)(ii)ofthisRuletoavoidcollisionwithanotherpower-drivenvesselshall,ifthecircumstancesofthecaseadmit,notaltercoursetoportforavesselonherownportside.ThisRuledoesnotrelievethegive-wayvesselofherobligationtokeepoutofthe第十七 直航船的行(1)兩船中的一船應(yīng)給另一船讓路時,另一船應(yīng)保持航向和航速()然而,當(dāng)保持航向和航速的船一經(jīng)發(fā)覺規(guī)定的讓路船顯然沒有遵照本規(guī)則采取適當(dāng)行動時該船即可獨(dú)自采取行動以避免碰撞.當(dāng)規(guī)定保持航向和航速的船,發(fā)覺本船不論由于何種原因近到單憑讓路船的行動不在交叉相遇的局面下,機(jī)動船按照本條1款(2)項(xiàng)采取行動以避免與另一艘機(jī)動船碰撞本條并不解除讓路船的讓路義務(wù)Rule18ResponsibilitiesbetweenVesselsExceptwhereRules9,10and13otherwiseApower-drivenvessel ofthewayAvesselnotunderAvesselrestrictedinherabilitytoAvesselengagedinA vesselAsailingvesselunderwayshallkeepoutofthewayAvesselnotunderAvesselrestrictedinherabilitytoAvesselengagedinAvesselengagedinfishingwhenunderwayshall,sofaraspossible,keepoutofthewayAvesselnotunderAvesselrestrictedinherabilityto(i)Anyvesselotherthanavesselnotundercommandoravesselrestrictedinherabilitytomanoeuvreshall,ifthecircumstancesofthecaseadmit,avoidimpedingthesafepassageofavesselconstrainedbyherdraught,exhibitingthesignalsinRule28.(ii)Avesselconstrainedbyherdraughtshallnavigatewithparticularcautionhavingfullregardtoherspecialcondition.Aseaplaneonthewatershall,ingeneral,keepwellclearofallvesselsandavoidimpedingtheirnavigation.Incircumstances,however,whereriskofcollisionexists,sheshallcomplywiththeRulesofthisPart.第十八 船舶之間的責(zé)除第九、十和十三條另有規(guī)定外(4)帆船(2)能力受到限制的船舶4.(1)除失去控制的船舶或能力受到限制的船舶外,任何船舶如當(dāng)時環(huán)境,應(yīng)避免(2)限于吃水的船舶應(yīng)充分注意到其特殊條件,特別謹(jǐn)慎地駕駛5.在水面的水上飛機(jī),通常應(yīng)寬域地讓清所有的船舶并避免妨礙其航行.然而在有碰撞危險的情況下,則應(yīng)遵守本章各條的規(guī)定.SECTIOI-CONDUCTOFVESSELSINRESTRICTEDVISIBILITY第三節(jié)船舶在能見度不良時的行動RuleConductofVesselsinRestrictedThisRuleappliestovesselsnotinsightofoneanotherwhennavigatinginornearanareaofrestrictedvisibility.EveryvesselshallproceedatasafespeedadaptedtotheprevailingcircumstancesandconditionsofrestrictedvisibilityApower-drivenvesselshallhaveherenginesreadyforimmediatemanoeuvre.EveryvesselshallhavedueregardtotheprevailingcircumstancesandconditionsofrestrictedvisibilitywhencomplyingwiththeRulesofSectionIofthisPart.Avesselwhichdetectsbyradaralonethepresenceofanothervesselshalldetermineifaclose-quarterssituationisdeveloand/orriskofcollisionexists.Ifso,sheshalltakeavoidingactioninampletime,providedthatwhensuchactionconsistsofterationofcourse,sofaraspossiblethefollowingshallbeavoided:(i)terationofcoursetoportforavesselforwardofthebeam,otherthanforavesselbeinertaken;(ii)terationofcoursetowardsavesselabeamorabafttheExceptwhereithasbeendeterminedthatariskofcollisiondoesnotexist,everyvesselwhichhearsapparentlyforwardofherbeamthefogsignalofanothervessel,orwhichcannotavoidaclose-quarterssituationwithanothervesselforwardofherbeam,shallreduceherspeedtotheminimumatwhichshecanbekeptonhercourse.Sheshallifnecessarytakeallherwayoffandinanyeventnavigatewithextremecautionuntildangerofcollisionisover.第十九 船舶在能見度不良時的行動規(guī)本條適用于在能見度不良的水都中或在其附近航行時不在互見中的船舶每一船應(yīng)以適合當(dāng)時能見度不良的環(huán)境和情況的安全航速行駛,機(jī)動船應(yīng)將機(jī)器作好隨在遵守本章第一節(jié)各條時,每一船舶應(yīng)適當(dāng)考慮到當(dāng)時能見度不良的環(huán)境和情況一船僅憑測到他船時,應(yīng)判斷是否正在形成緊迫局面,和(或)存在碰撞.若是如此應(yīng)及早地采取避讓行動,如這種行動包括轉(zhuǎn)向,則應(yīng)盡可能避免如下除己斷定不存在碰撞外每一船當(dāng)聽到他船的霧號顯似在本船正橫以前或者與正橫以前的他船不能避免緊迫局面時,應(yīng)將航速減到能維持其航向的最小速度.必要時,應(yīng)把船完全停住而且無論如何應(yīng)極其謹(jǐn)慎地駕駛,直到碰撞過去為止. RuleRuleinthisPartshallbecompliedwithinallTheRulesconcerninglightsshallbecompliedwithfromsunsettosunrise,andduringsuchtimesnootherlightsshallbeexhibited,exceptsuchlightsascannotbemistakenforthelightsspecifiedintheseRulesordonotimpairtheirvisibilityordistinctivecharacter,orinterferewiththekeeofaproperlook-out.ThelightsprescribedbytheseRulesshall,ifcarried,alsobeexhibitedfromsunrisetosunsetinrestrictedvisibilityandmaybeexhibitedinallothercircumstanceswhenitisdeemednecessary.TheRulesconcerningshsshallbecompliedwithbyThelightsandshsspecifiedintheseRulesshallcomplywiththeprovisionsofAnnexItotheseRegulations.第三 號燈和號第二十 適用范本章各條在各種天氣中都應(yīng)遵守有關(guān)號燈的各條規(guī)定,從日沒到日出時都應(yīng)遵守,在此時間內(nèi)不應(yīng)顯示別的燈光.但那些不會被誤認(rèn)為本規(guī)則訂明的號燈,或者不會削弱號燈的能見距離或顯著特性,或者不會妨礙正本規(guī)則所規(guī)定的號燈,如己設(shè)置,也應(yīng)在能見度不良的情況下從日出到日沒時顯示,并可在一有關(guān)號型的各條規(guī)定,在白天都應(yīng)遵守本規(guī)則訂明的號燈和號型,應(yīng)符合本規(guī)則附錄一的規(guī)定Rule21"Mastheadlight"meansawhitelightplacedovertheforeandaftcentrlineofthevesselshowinganunbrokenlightoveranarcofthehorizonof22.5degreesabaftthebeamoneithersideofthevessel."Sidelights"meansagreenlightonthestarboardsideandaredlightontheportsideeachshowinganunbrokenlightoveranarcofthehorizonof112.5degreesandsofixedastoshowthelightfromrightaheadto22.5degreesabaftthebeamonitsrespectiveside.Inavesseloflessthan20metresinlengththesidelightsmaybecombinedinoneLanterncarriedontheforeandaftcenterlineofthe"Sternlight"meansawhiightplacedasnearlyaspracticableatthesternshowinganunbrokenlightoveranarcofthehorizonof135degreesandsofixedastoshowthelight67.5degreesfromrightaftoneachsideofthevessel."Towinglight"meansayellowlighthavingthesamecharacteristicsasthe"sternlight"definedinparagraph(c)ofthisRule."All-roundlight"meansalightshowinganunbrokenlightoveranarcofthehorizonof360degrees."Flashinglight"meansalightflashingatregularintervalsatafrequencyof120flashesormoreperminute.第二十一 定"桅燈"是指安置在船的首尾中心線上方的白燈,在225度的水平弧內(nèi)顯示不間斷的燈光,裝置要使燈光從船的正前方到每一舷正橫后22.5度內(nèi)顯示"舷燈"是指右舷的綠燈和左舷的紅燈,各在112.5度的水平弧內(nèi)顯示不間斷的燈光,要使燈光從船的正前方到各自一舷的正橫后22.5度內(nèi)分別顯示.長度小于20米的船舶,其舷燈可以合并為一盞,裝設(shè)于船的首尾中心線上."尾燈"是指安裝在盡可能接近船尾的白燈,135度的水平弧內(nèi)顯示不間斷的燈光,其裝置要使燈光從船的正后方到每一舷67.5度內(nèi)顯示."拖帶燈"是指具有與本條3款所述"尾燈"相同特性的黃燈"環(huán)照燈"是指在360度的水平弧內(nèi)顯示不間斷燈光的號燈"閃光燈"是指以某一時間間隔的,以頻率為每分鐘120次或120次以上閃光的號燈Rule22VisibilityofThelightsprescribedintheseRulesshallhaveanintensityasspecifiedinSection8ofAnnexItotheseRegulationssoastobevisibleatthefollowingminimumInvesselsof50metresormorein-amastheadlight,6-asidelight, -asternlight, -atowinglight, -awhite,red,greenoryellowall-roundlight, Invesselsof12metersormorein lessthan50metersin-amastheadlight, thelengthofthevesselislessthan20meters,3 -asidelight, -asternlight,2-atowinglight, -awhite,red,greenoryellowall-roundlight, Invesselsoflessthan12metresin-amastheadlight,2-asidelight, -asternlight, -atowinglight, -awhite,red,greenoryellowall-roundlight, Ininconspicuous,partlysubmergedvesselsorobjectsbeing-awhiteall-roundlight, 第二十二 號燈的能見距本規(guī)則規(guī)定的號燈,應(yīng)具有本規(guī)則附錄一第8節(jié)訂明的發(fā)光強(qiáng)度,以便在下列最小距離上能被長度為50米或50米以上的船舶;桅燈,6海里;舷燈,3海里;尾燈,3海里;拖帶燈,3海里;白、紅、綠或黃色環(huán)照燈，3海里長度為12米或12米以上但小于50米的船舶:桅燈,5海里;但長度小于20米的船舶;3海里;舷燈,2海里;尾燈,2海里拖帶燈,2海里白、紅、綠或黃色環(huán)照燈，2海里長度小于12米的船舶:桅燈,2海里;舷燈,1海里;尾燈,2海里;拖帶燈,2海里;白、紅、綠或黃色環(huán)照燈，2海里白色環(huán)照燈，2海里.RuleApower-drivenvesselunderwayshallamastheadlightasecondmastheadlightabaftofandhighterthantheforwardone;exceptthatvesseloflessthan50metresinlength