新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)u(píng)nit5

UnitFiveObjectives:TomemorizenewwordsandphrasesinthisunitTomasterthegrammaticalstructureToimprovestudents,readingskillofskimming.TolearntowritetopicsentencesforaparagraphToimprovethelisteningskillsformainidea/relationshipbetweenpeopleDifficultsentences(lOmin.)Thoreau,aloneinhiscabinonthepond,hisbackdeliberatelyturnedtothetown.Now,that9scharacterforyou.(L.8-9)Thoreauhadhisownself-importanceforcompany.Perhapsthere,samessagehere.Thelargertheego,thelesstheneedforotheregosaround.Themoremodestandhumblewefeel,themorewesufferfromsolitude,feelingourselvesinadequatecompany.SentencepatternsItmaynotbewhereweexpectedtobe,butforthetimebeingwemightaswellcallithome.Ontheotherhand,tobealongonpurpose,havingrejectedcompanyratherthanbeencastoutbyit,isonecharacteristicofanAmericanhero.Theyallspeakhighlyofthemselvesforseekingitout,atleastforanhouroreventwobeforetheyhurryhomefortea.It,sthedailysuccessionofsmallcomplaintsandobservationsandopinionsthatbacksupandchokesusKeywordsandusefulexpressions:Section/TextA:solitary,deer,wolf,tame,pond,sunlight,cushion,poetry,handwtiting,kettle,priest,hut,saucer,humble,onpurpose,ontheotherhand,speakhighlyof,setforth,stayuplate,mightaswelldoTimeArrangementPeriodActivitiesTimelimitTeachingMethod1Pre-readingTasks45min.presentation,discussion,Audio-visual2&3While-readingTasks90min.Qs-and-As,explanation,exemplification,analysis,paraphrase,translation4Post-readingTasks45min.explanation,5Exercises45min.exemplification,groupdiscussion6Readingskills45min.exemplification,analysis7&8Listening&Speaking90min.Audio-visual,groupdiscussion,communicationSectionAChoosetoBeAloneonPurpose1.Pre-reading(1stperiod-45min.)1.1:preview(20min.):BackgroundInformationHenryDavidThoreauHenryDavidThoreau:U.S.thinker,essayist,andnaturalist(1817—1862).BominConcord,Mass.,ThoreaugraduatedfromHarvardUniversityandtaughtschoolforseveralyearsbeforedecidingtobecomeapoetofnature.Intheyears1845—1847,todemonstratehowsatisfyingasimplelifecouldbe,helivedinahutbesideConcord'sWaldenPond;essaysrecordinghisdailylifewereassembledforhismasterpiece,Walden(1854).JohnMiltonJohnMilton:Englishpoet(1608—1674).MiltonattendedCambridgeUniversity(1625—1632),wherehewrotepoemsinLatin,Italian,andEnglish.Helosthissightintheyearof1651,andthereafterdictatedhisworks.ConsideredsecondonlytoW.ShakespeareinthehistoryofEnglish-languagepoetry,Miltonhadanimmenseinfluenceonlaterliterature.WilliamWordsworthWilliamWordsworth:Englishpoet(1770—1850).Orphanedat13,WordsworthattendedCambridgeUniversity,butremainedrootlessandvirtuallypennilessuntil1795,whenalegacymadepossibleareunionwithhissisterDorothyWordsworth.In1843hebecameEngland'spoetlaureate.HeisregardedasthecentralfigureintheinitiationofEnglishRomanticism.1.2Topic-relatedvideo(15min.)3Topic-relateddiscussion(lOmin.)Howdoesyourpublicimagedifferfromyourprivateself?Somepeopleprefertospendmostoftheirtimealone.Othersliketobewithfriendsmostofthetime.Doyouprefertospendyourtimealoneorwithfriends?Manypeoplehaveacloserelationshipwiththeirpets.Thesepeopletreattheirbirds,cats,orotheranimalsasmembersoftheirfamily.Inyouropinion,aresuchrelationshipsgood?Whyorwhynot?Somestudentsprefertostudyalone.Othersprefertostudywithagroupofstudents.Whichdoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.4Proverbs:Itisbettertobealonethaninbadcompany,寧可孤獨(dú),不交惡友。Asecretbetweenmorethantwoisnosecret,二人知,天下曉。Astilltonguemakesawisehead.寡言為智?While-reading(2ndand3rdperiods—90min.)1Globalreading(30min.)UnderstandthemajordetailsofthetextWhyislonelinesscalledanationaldiseaseoftheU.S.?All22millionofpeoplelivealone,whichsuggeststhatitisanoverwhelmingphenomenonintheUnitedStates.2)Accordingtothepassage,whydopoetslikethesolitarycondition?Becausetheycanfindinspirationinsolitude.Whyisitimportantforapersonlivingalonetotalktoothers?Theneedtotalkisthemostbasicneedofasolitaryperson.2Organizationofthetext(20min.)Mainideaofthetext(lOmin.)Thepassagefocusesonasocialphenomenon--choosingtobealoneonpurpose.IntheU.S.,about22millionpeoplelivealoneforvariousreasons.Whilesomepeoplethinkoflonelinessasasortofnationaldisease,otherstakeitasacharacteristicofanAmericanhero.Somegreatpoetsandphilosophersinthepastlivedinsolitudeforinspiration,suchasWilliamWordsworth,JohnMiltonandHenryDavidThoreau.However,solitudeishardforpeoplebecausetheneedtotalkismorebasicthantheneedtolisten.Soifonelivesinsolitude,heshouldstayrationalandsettledowntoenjoygraceandpleasure.Textstructureanalysis(lOmin.)PartOne(Para.l):LivingaloneisacommonsocialphenomenoninUSA.IntheU.S.,about22millionpeoplelivealoneforvariousreasons.PartTwo(Para.2):Whilesomepeoplethinkoflonelinessasasortofnationaldisease,otherstakeitasacharacteristicofanAmericanhero.PartThree(Para.3-10):Somegreatpoetsandphilosophersinthepastlivedinsolitudeforinspiration,suchasWilliamWordsworth,JohnMiltonandHenryDavidThoreau.PartFour(Para.11-16):However,solitudeishardforpeoplebecausetheneedtotalkismorebasicthantheneedtolisten.Soifonelivesinsolitude,heshouldstayrationalandsettledowntoenjoygraceandpleasure.2.2Detailedreading(60min.)2.2.1Wordsandphrases(40min.)onpurpose(Title)：purposely對(duì)不起,我打碎了玻璃杯,但是我不是故意的。I'msorryIbroketheglass,butIdidn'tdoitonpurpose.Ifyoujokewithhim,he'llthink.(你是故意侮辱他)(you'reinsultinghimonpurpose)speakhighlyof(L.ll)：expressagoodopinionof(sb./sth.)她對(duì)這位新導(dǎo)演評(píng)價(jià)很高。Shespeaksveryhighlyofthenewdirector.Theminister,whichranthroughtheentirecity.(對(duì)這條新修的道路評(píng)價(jià)很高)(spokehighlyofthenewly-builtroad)dictate(L.24)：v.saywordsforsb.elsetowritedown他向秘書口授了一封信。Hedictatedalettertohissecretary.Ratherthantroubletoputthecompositionhecreatesinhisownhandwriting,theboyusuallyaskshisyoungersistertowriteitdownwhilehedictates.(叫他的妹妹把他口述的內(nèi)容寫下來(lái))(askshisyoungersistertowriteitdownwhilehedictates)humble(L.39)：a.havingalowopinionofoneself這個(gè)人謙恭的舉止給法官留下了很好的印象。Theman'shumblebehaviormadeafavorableimpressiononthejudge.AbrahamLincoln,thesixteenthAmericanpresident,was.(出身貧寒的人)(amanofhumbleorigin)soak(L.45)：v.becomethoroughlywet在雨中走了幾分鐘后,他渾身濕透了。Walkingintherainforafewminutes,hewassoakedtotheskin.IthoughtI'dbetterleavemytrousersto.(泡一會(huì)兒然后再洗)(soakforawhilebeforegettingitwashed)backup(L.53)：support,esp.inanargument他沒(méi)有用事實(shí)來(lái)支持自己的觀點(diǎn)。Hedoesn'tbackuphisargumentswithfacts.Thepolicemanwouldn'thavebelievedme.(要是你沒(méi)有為我作證)(ifyouhadn'tbackedmeup)choke(L.53)：v.becomeormakesb.becomeunabletospeak他氣得說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。Angerchokedhiswords.Hegrabbedherbythethroatand.(差點(diǎn)把她掐死)(almostchokedhertodeath)atlength(L.56)：foralongtimeoringreatdetail他詳盡地談到了他的工作和家庭。Hetalkedatlengthabouthisworkandfamily..Sowhynotmoveontothenextone?(我們已經(jīng)詳盡地討論了這個(gè)問(wèn)題)(Wehavealreadydiscussedthismatteratlength)settledown(L.65)：starttofeelhappyandconfidentwithanewsituation他決定結(jié)束他流浪的生活在ー個(gè)小城鎮(zhèn)定居下來(lái)。Hedecidedtofinishhiswanderinglifeandsettleddowninasmalltown.Hewasunhappywhenhefirstwenttoschool,.(他很快安定下來(lái)而且還很喜歡學(xué)校)(hesoonsettleddownandlikeditverymuch)mightaswell(L.61)dosth.becauseitseemsbestinthecircumstances,thoughoftenreluctantly去看電影已經(jīng)太遲了,我們不如就在家看電視吧。It'stoolatetogotothemoviessowemightaswellwatchTVathome.Noonewilleatthisfood;.(還不如把它扔了吧)(itmightjustaswellbethrownaway)2.2Sentencepatterns(lOmin.)Typicalpatternsforexemplification:原句:ConsiderDorothyWordsworth,forinstance,helpingherbrotherWilliamputonhiscoat,findinghisnotebookandpencilforhim,andwavingashesetsforthintotheearlyspringsunlighttolookatflowersallbyhimself.(L.13)就拿多蘿西?華茲華斯來(lái)說(shuō)吧,她幫她兄弟威廉穿上外衣,為他找到筆記本和鉛筆,向他揮手告別,目送著他走進(jìn)早春的陽(yáng)光去獨(dú)自對(duì)花沉思。句型提煉:(Just)Consider/Lookatsb.,forexample/instance,...就拿某人來(lái)說(shuō)/為例吧,……應(yīng)用:就拿孔繁森為例吧,他始終視人民的利益高于一切,他從不徇情枉法,他身體力行。ConsiderKongFansen,forinstance,alwaysvaluingthepeople'sinterestsaboveeverythingelse,neverbendingthelawforthebenefitofhisrelatives,andearnestlypracticingwhatheadvocates.Typicalpatternsforpreferencefordoingsth.:原句:Then,ratherthantroubletoputitinhisownhandwriting,hecallsthegirlsto

comebackandwriteitdownwhilehedictates.(L.21)然而他并不自己費(fèi)神將詩(shī)歌寫下來(lái),而是喚回女兒們,向她們口述,由她們寫下來(lái)。句型提煉:Ratherthandosth.,sb.does(woulddo)sth.else.某人不是(做)……,而是……應(yīng)用:他并沒(méi)有因?yàn)轳R克思主義的觀點(diǎn)沒(méi)有被歷史證明過(guò)而否認(rèn)它,而是試圖通過(guò)對(duì)前蘇聯(lián)特定歷史的研究來(lái)解釋馬克思主義。RatherthanrejectthebeliefofMarxismonthegroundsthatithadnotbeenprovedbyhistory,hesoughttoaccountforMarxismthroughananalysisofthespecifichistoryoftheformerSovietUnion.2.2.3DifTicuItsentences(lOmin.)Thoreau,aloneinhiscabinonthepond,hisbackdeliberatelyturnedtothetown.Now,that?scharacterforyou.(L.8-9)梭羅獨(dú)居在湖畔的小屋,有意拋棄了城市生活?，F(xiàn)在,這成了你的個(gè)性。turnone'sbackto:turnsothatoneisfacingtheoppositedirectionMeaning:Thoreaustayedaloneinhiscabinonthepond,withtheintentionofrejectingthelifeamongothersinthetown.Nowthishasbecomethelifestyleofordinarypeople.Thoreauhadhisownself-importanceforcompany.Perhapsthere'samessagehere.Thelargertheego,thelesstheneedforotheregosaround.Themoremodestandhumblewefeel,themorewesufferfromsolitude,feelingourselvesinadequatecompany.梭羅以自尊自重為伴。也許這里的啟示是:自我意識(shí)越強(qiáng),就越不需要其他的人在周圍。我們?cè)绞歉杏X(jué)謙卑,就越受孤獨(dú)的折磨,感到僅與自己相處遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。(L.38-40)ego:n.one'sideaoropinionofoneself,orgreatfeelingofone'sownimportanceandability3.Post-reading(43.Post-reading(4lhperiod—45min.)3.1Usefulexpressions(25min.).據(jù)最近的統(tǒng)計(jì).故意.是某人最主要的東西4,高度評(píng)價(jià).動(dòng)身;闡述.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn).(不)費(fèi)神做某事.放松;伸出;延長(zhǎng).充滿整個(gè)房間.熬夜做某事.一口氣(地)byrecentcount(L.1)onpurpose(L.5)tobeamajorcommodityforsb.(L.10)tospeakhighlyof(L.11)tosetforth(L.14)Nodoubtaboutit,***(L.17)to(not)troubletodosth.(L.22)tostretchout(L.43)tofillupthewholeroom(L.44)tostayuplatetodosth.(L.45)atonesitting(L.45)ー連串的 堵塞:支持:證實(shí)ー連串的 堵塞:支持:證實(shí)詳細(xì)地說(shuō);嘮叨不休跟某人爭(zhēng)論某事保持理性使自己過(guò)得舒服把某人/物密封起來(lái)暫時(shí);眼下不妨ノ還不如做某事asuccessionofsth.(L.53)tobackup(L.53)totalkatlength(L.56)toarguewithsb.oversth.(L.58)tostayrational(L.64)tomakeoneselfcomfortable(L.65)tosealupsb./sth.(L.67)forthetimebeing(L.69)might/mayaswelldosth.(L.70)2SummaryofthetextIntheU.S.,all22millionpeoplelivealoneforonereasonoranother.Whilesomepeoplethinkoflonelinessasasortofnationaldisease,otherstakeitasacharacteristicofanAmericanhero.Somegreatpoetsandphilosophersinthepastlivedinsolitudeforinspiration,suchasWilliamWordsworth,JohnMiltonandHenryDavidThoreau.Theyallspeakhighlyofthemselvesforhavingsoughttheirsolitude.WilliamWordsworthwouldwavegood-byetohissisterbeforesettingofftostudytheflowersallbyhimself,whileshestayedathomepreparingeverythingforhim.Thoreauisseenasadmirablebecausehewaslivingallaloneinthewoods.Hehadnoonetotalktoatallexceptfornumerousdailyvisitorstohishutwhoconstantlyaskedhimhowhecouldpossiblybesonoble.However,solitudeisnotalwaysagoodexperience.Ifyoulivewithotherpeople,theirtemporaryabsencecanberefreshing.Butitisdifferentwhenyoulivealone:thefeelingoflonelinesscanbeveryhardbecausetheneedtotalkismorebasicthantheneedtolisten.Soifonelivesinsolitude,heshouldstayrationalandsettledowntoenjoygraceandpleasureinhiscondition.3Writing3.4AssignmentsFinishalltheexercisesofSectionA.PreviewSectionB,includingreadingskills.PreviewSectionB,includingreadingskills.Exercises(5thperiod-45min.):Revision1checkandexplainexerciseson1302ErrorcorrectionTOC\o"1-5"\h\zThemorefurthertheytalkedabouttheproblem,themorepuzzledtheybecame.A B C D(A.Thefurther)“Lendingmoneytohim!Youmightaswellasthrowitintothesea."SheshoutedangrilyatherA BC Dhusband.(C.aswell)Trytofindsomeonesuitableforyoutolive,andthendecideonthetermsoftheroommateA B Ccontractbeforemovingin.(B.livewith)Aspeopletryhardtocontroltheplanetandmakelifecomfortably,theytendtouseupA B Cresourcesthatareneededfortheirsurvival.D(B.comfortable)FriendsmayrefrainfromexpressinganysympathybecausetheyfeelthatitmightbeA Binappropriateandembarrassedforher.C D(D.embarrassing)3TextextensionDiscussion:Ifitwerepossible,wouldyouchoosetoliveallbyyourselfortohavealargewithadozenofchildren?Readingskill(6thperiod-45min.)RecognizingParagraphPatterns(II)Inthelastunitwesawthatparagraphinformationoftenappearsinpatternsthatcanberecognizedoranalyzed.Paragraphideasandinformationareputtogethersothatwecanseethemrelatedtoeachotherincertainpatterns.Thiskindofskillsisimportantforustogetabetterunderstandingofthepassagewereadbutitisalsocrucialforustomakesensibleorreasonablepredictionsastowhatistofollownext.Inthisunitwewillhavemorepracticeinrecognizingandanalyzingparagraphpatterns,especiallythepatternsthatwedidnotcoverinourlastunit.5.2ExamplesExample1:ReadthefirstsentenceinParagraph11,PassageA,Unit5andmakeapredictionaboutwhattocomenext.Ifyoulivewithotherpeople,theirtemporaryabsencecanberefreshing.(Para.11,PassageA,Unit5)Possiblepredictions:theadvantagesoflivingwithotherpeople;theadvantagesoflivingwithotherpeopleespeciallyduringtheirtemporaryabsence;theadvantagesoflivingalone.Tomaketherightprediction,wehavetoreadon:SolitudewillendonThursday.IftodayIuseasingularpersonalpronountorefertomyself,nextweekIwillusethepluralform.Whiletheothersareabsentyoucanstretchoutyoursouluntilitfillsupthewholeroom,anduseyourfreedom,comingandgoingasyoupleasewithoutapology,stayinguplatetoread,soakinginthebath,eatingawholepintoficecreamatonesitting,movingatyourownpace.Thoseabsentwillbeback.Theirwaterproofwintercoatsareintheclosetandthedogkeepswatchingforthematthewindow.(Para.11,PassageA,Unit5)Thenyouwouldfindthattherightpredictionwas:theadvantagesoflivingwithotherpeopleduringtheirtemporaryabsence.Thencontinueyourreading:Butwhenyoulivealone,thetemporaryabsenceofyourfriendsandacquaintancesleavesavacuum;theymaynevercomeback.(Para.11,PassageA,Unit5)Theword"But"isaclearwordoftransition,whichpredictswhatistofollowisdifferentfromtheprevious.Thenwecancometoaconclusionthattheparagraphisoneofcomparisonbetweenpeoplewholivewithotherpeopleeventhoughwithatemporaryabsenceandpeoplewholivealone.5.3SectionB-Textreadingstrikeout(L.2)makeanindependenteffort我知道是自己獨(dú)立的時(shí)候了。IknewitwastimeIstruckoutonmyown.Hedecidedtoleavethecompanyto.(開(kāi)創(chuàng)自己作為作家的事業(yè))(strikeoutonhisownasawriter)warover(L.5)fightorargueabout他們常常為誰(shuí)來(lái)清理廚房爭(zhēng)吵不休。Theyoftenwarredoverwhoshouldcleanthekitchen.MikeandJohn.(一直在為誰(shuí)娶瑪麗為妻而爭(zhēng)吵)(havebeenwarringoverwhoistomarryMary)stale(L.23)a.notnew;(esp.food)nolongerfresh他們的婚姻已經(jīng)沒(méi)有新鮮感了。Theirmarriagehadgonestale.Openthewindowsand.(趕走渾濁的空氣)(getridofthestaleair)depression(L.24)n.thestateofbeingdepressed;aperiodinwhichthereisverylittlebusinessactivityandnotmanyjobs她在考試不及格之后經(jīng)歷了很長(zhǎng)的一段情緒低落期。Shewentthroughalongdepressionaftershefailedtheexami