新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語綜合教程4課后答案

綜合教程4課后答案HandoutsandKeytobook4unit1-4Unit1Activereading(1)Lookingforajobafteruniversity?First,getoffthesofaBackgroundinformationAboutthepassage:ThisisanarticlebyanEducationCorrespondent,AlexandraBlair,publishedinSeptember2008inTheTimes,along-establishedBritishqualitynewspaper.InEuropegenerally,andinBritaininparticular,foranumberofyearstherehasbeenarisingnumberofstudentswhogotouniversityandthereforemorenewgraduatesseekingemployment.However,formanygraduatesfindingajobbecameharderin2008-2009becausetheeconomicdownturn-thenarecession-meantthatmanyemployerswerereducingtheirworkforce.Aftertheirfinalexams,somestudentsrestedinthesummerbeforelookingforjobsandthentheyfoundthatitwasdifficulttofindemploymentintheirfieldorattheleveltheywanted.Thearticleaddressestheproblemsofsuchnewgraduateswhomightbestuckathomeandadvisestheirparentstobetherefortheirchildren(ietobeavailableiftheirchildrenwanttotalkabouttheproblemoriftheyneedhelp).Thearticlerecommendsfindingworkinabarorsupermarketratherthansittingunemployedathomesincethisismorelikelytoleadtobetteremploymentlater.Thestyleispartlyofareport,butalsoofahumorouscommentforlightentertainment(seeninthejokeylanguageandproblem-solvingadvicetoparents).Whyfindingajobin2008issodifficultforuniversitygraduates?UniversitiesinEurope,particularlyinBritain,haveexpandedgreatlyinthelastfifteenyears(over45%ofyoungadultsnowgoontohighereducation),sotherearemoregraduateslookingforjobs.Thiscompetitivesituationbecamealotworsein2008onwardswiththecreditcrunchandeconomicdepression,whichmeantthattherewerefewerjobsavailableandariseinunemployment.Thusnewgraduateshavetobeactivetoseekajob,theyneedtofillinmanyapplicationformsandtrytogetjobinterviews:theywon'tfindemploymentbylyingonthesofaathome.Culturepointshonoursdecree:Traditionally,intheBritishuniversitysystem,BAandBSchonoursdegreesareawardedindifferentcategories:afirstclassdegree(writtenusingRomannumbersasI),asecond(dividedintotwosubcategories,writtenasIliiandIlii,whicharecalled“atwoone"and"atwotwo"),athird(writtenIII)andapassdegree.Mostpeoplegetasecond.Therearealsoordinarydegreeswithmoregeneralcoursesofstudywithoutthesecategories.GenerationYandGrunt:ThemainideahereisthatthereisasuccessionofdifferentgenerationsorcohortsofadultswhocomeintotheworkforceinNorthAmericawhicharegivendifferentinformalnamestocharacterizethem.First,“Babyboomers”wereborninthegreatincrease(theboom)ofbirthsafterWorldWarII(1946-1960),followedbyuGenerationX”people(born1960-1980)whoweresaidtobringnewattitudesofbeingindependent,informal,entrepreneurial,andexpectedtogetskillsandhaveacareerbeforethem."GenerationY”orthe“MillenialGenerationn(born1980sand1990sandbecomingadultinthenewmillenium)arenowmakingupanincreasingpercentageoftheworkforce;theyaresaidtobespoiltbydotingparents,tohavestructuredlives,tobeusedtoteamworkanddiversepeopleinamulticulturalsociety.Inthepassage,thisgenerationisnowbecoming(morphinginto)GenerationGrunt,whichisanironicnamereferringtorepetitive,lowstatus,routineormindlesswork-thismaybetheonlyworkavailabletosomegraduates,whomayhavetotakeveryordinaryjobstogetexperiencebeforetheyfindsomethingmoresuitable."Grunt“alsoreferstocoarsebehaviourorbadmannersandtothedeepsoundthatismadebyapig;whenpeople“grunt“theyexpressdisgustbutdonotcommunicatewithwords-thismaybehowtheparentsofnewgraduatesthinktheirchildrencommunicatewiththem!Acon屮rchcnsiv《「referstoaBritishtypeofsecondaryschoolwhichbecamepopularinthel960s.Beforethattherewereacademic"grammarschools"andmoregeneral"secondarymodern"schoolsforthosewhodidnotpassthegrammarschoolentrancetests,butthecomprehensiveschoolsweredesignedforallstudentsinasocialphilosophyofbringingdiversestudentstogetherwhethertheywereacademicornot.Thosestudentswhowenttoacomprehensiveschoolprobablyfeltthathadtostudyparticularlyhard(Iworkedmybacksideoff)togettouniversity,comparedtothosewhowenttogrammarschoolswhereallstudentswereacademic-comprehensivestudentsfelttheyhadtostruggletogettouniversity.CliickensuThisreferstoalargeyellowcostumethatsomeonewearswhichmakesthepersonlooklikeagiantchicken.Beforehebecameafamousactor,BradPittoncedressedinsuchacostumewhenhehadajobadvertisingforarestaurantcalledElPolioLoco(TheCrazyChickenJinSpanish)-thejobmeantthathehadtowalkaroundthestreetslikeachickentoattractcustomerstocometotherestaurant.LanguagepointsTh(sothathecouldeatwellandgototheoddparty,begantofade.Untilnow.(Para1)Theparentspaidalotofmoneyfortheirson,suniversityfeesandlivingexpenses(sothathecouldeatwell)andforoccasionalsocialevents-atgraduationthesememoriesofmoneyweremostlyforgottenbecausetheparentswereproud.Butnowtheparentsarethinkingofmoneyagainbecausethesondoesn'thaveajobanddoesn'tseemtobeactivelyseekingone.ThisformerscionofGenerationYhasmorphedovernightintoamemberofGenerationGrunt.(Para2)ThedistinguishedsonofGenerationX(oftheparents'generationwhoworkedhard,gotjobs,andhadgoodcareersandexpectedtheirsontodothesame)haschangedintoamemberofGenerationGrunt-hedoesn'tseemtocommunicatemuch,liesaroundanddoesn'tgetajob(orcanonlydoalowstatusroutingjob).Ipassedtheexams,butattheinterviewstheyaccusedmeofbeing'toodetached*andtalkinginlanguagethatwas'tootechnocratic*,whichIdidn,tthinkpossible,butobviouslyitis.(Para5)Hepassedtheentranceexamsforagovernmentpost,buthewascriticizedintheselectioninterviews:Theysaidhewasdetached(notpersonallyinvolved)andtootechnocratic(heusedthelanguageofatechnicalexpertorhighauthority).Asanewgraduateheprobablywantedtoshowhisexpertiseinhislanguagesohecan'tunderstandthiscriticism.Fortherestitis9-to-5"chilling**beforeheadingtothepub.(Para6)Theotherswhodonothavearoutinelowstatusjob(likestackinggoodsonasupermarketshelf)chilloutallday(theyspendtheirtimecasuallyrelaxing-theydon'tlookforwork)andgotopubforadrinkintheevening.IwenttoacomprehensiveandIworkedmybacksideofftogotoagooduniversity...(Para6)Hewenttoaschoolforstudentsofallabilities(nottoaspecialschoolforacademicstudents)andsohehadtoworkveryhardtoenteragooduniversity:Yourbackヽid(meansyourbottom-thepartofyourbodythatyousiton-to<>rk\onrbcicksich<>isinformalanditmeansyouworkveryhardindeedbuthavingworkedfull-timesinceleavingschoolherself,sheandherhusbandfindittrickytoadvisehimonhowtoproceed.(Para7)Themotherhasalwayshadafull-timejob(presumablythefatherisalsoworkingfull-time),soshedoesnothaverelevantpersonalexperience.Forher,itistrickytogiveadvice(difficulttodo).Carryonlifeasnormalanddon'tallowthemtoabuseyourbankaccountorsapyourreserveofemotionalenergy.(Para11)TheadvicefromGaelLindenfieldhereisthatparentsshouldliveasusual.TheyshouldneitherlettheirchildrenspendtheparentsJmoneyunnecessarily,norlettheproblemtakeawayalltheirenergyandemotions.Saptheirr(.\enmeansuseuptheirstoreofemotionalenergy.kfterthatthesonordaughterneedstobenudgedfirmlybackintothesaddle.(Para12)Thentheparentsshouldgentlypushtheirchildrenfirmlysothattheygetbackintocontroloftheirlives.ReadingandunderstandingChoosethebestanswertothequestions.TeachingtipsGooverthecorrectanswerswithSsandaskthemtoexplainwhytheotheranswersarewrong(Seebelow).Whyhasn,tJackGoodwingotajobyet?Hedoesn'thaveaverygooddegree.(No,hehasa2:1whichisconsideredagooddegree.)Herefusestoapplyforjobswithlowsalaries.(Hefeelsheshouldgetabetterjobafterstudyingatuniversity.)Itisn'teasytogetajobinthecurrentfinancialclimate.(Thismaybetruebutthepassagedoesnotmentionthis.)Hepreferstostayathomeandhelphisfamily.(No,hedoesn'tseemtobehelpinghisfamily:hewatchesTVandtalkstofriends.)Howdoeshespendatypicalday?Doingatemporaryjob.(No,someofhisfriendsareworkingintemporaryjobsbuthedoesn'twanttodothis.)Watchingtelevision.(HewatchesTValot.)Queuingupintheuniversitycareersservice.(No,hewentthereoncebuthedidn'twanttoqueuesohewalkedaway.)Preparingforthenextjobinterview.(No,hedoesn'tseemtobepreparingforinterviews.)Howdomostofhisfriendsspendtheday?Theydonothingalldayandgotothepubintheevening.(Allexceptoneofthemdonothingexceptchill,thentheygotothepub.)Theydooutdooractivitiessuchassailing.(No,noneofthemseemtodooutdooractivities;thereisnomentionofsailing.)Theyareforcedtoworkbytheirparents.(No,onlyoneofthemhasbeenforcedouttostackshelvesbyhisparents;theothersseemtobelikeJack.)Theydopart-timejobssuchasworkinginabar.(No,thetextmentionsbarworkbutnoneofJack'sfriendsseemtodothiswork.)HowareJack'sparentshelpinghim?Bylookingforjobsforhim.(No,Jackhastriedtogetajobhimself;there'snothinghereabouthisparentshelpinghimlookforajob.)BypayingforatriptoSouthAmerica.(No,althoughheisgoingonathree-weektriptoSouthAmerica,thepassagedoesnotsaythatJack'sparentshavepaidforthis.)Bygraduallymakinghimmorefinanciallyaware.(Thepassagedoesnotsaysoexplicitly,butthisistheimplicationaboutthecut-offpointafterthetripwhenhemaybeexpectedtopayrentandcontributetothehouseholdbills.)Bythreateningtothrowhimoutofthehouse.(No,theyhaven'tthreatenedtodothis,buttheydefinitelywanthimtoworkafterhegetsbackfromhistrip.)WhatdoesGaelLindenfieldsayaboutJack'sparents?(a)TheyhavenotreallyunderstoodJack'sproblems.(No,shedoesn'tsaythis;shesaystheymustbalancebeingpositivewithnotmakinglifetoocomfortable.Thisdoesn'tmeantheyhaven'tunderstoodJack'sproblems.)TheyhavemadelifetoocomfortableforJack.(No,shesaystheymustbalancecomfortwithbeingpositive.Thisdoesn'tnecessarilymeanthattheyhavealreadymadelifetoocomfortableforJack.)Theapproachtheyhavechosenistherightone.(Shesaystheyhavestruckexactlytherightnote.)(d)Theyneedhelpfromapsychologist.(No,shedoesn'tsaythis.)6WhatdoWhoopiGoldberg,BruceWillisandBradPitthaveincommon?Theyalldidbarworkbeforegoingtouniversity.(No,wedon'tknowfromthepassageifanyofthemdidthis.)Theytookpartinprotestsagainstnuclearpowerplants.(No,wedon'tknowisanyofthemdidthis)Theylearnttoactbydressingupasgiantchickens.(No,onlyBradPittdidthis.)Theyalldidtemporaryjobsatonestageintheirlives.(Thisisright,althoughtheyallhadcompletelydifferenttemporaryjobs.)Dealingwithunfamiliarwords3Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.tomakeprogressbymovingtothenextstageinaseriesofactionsorevents(proceed)theprocessofchangingfromonesituation,formorstatetoanother(transition)notfeelinginvolvedwithsomeoneorsomethinginacloseoremotionalway(detached)referringtosomethingwhichwillhappensoon(upcoming)tobesittingstillinapositionthatisnotupright(slump)toreturntoapreviousstateorwayofbehaving(revert)tosaywhathappened(recount)CompletetheparagraphwiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity3.Itisn'teasytomakethe(1)transitionfromabusyuniversitystudenttoanunemployedyoungadult(2)slumpedonabarstoolorhalfwatchingamindlesstelevisionshow,wonderingifandhowtheircareerisgoingto(3)proceed.Manypeoplewhohaveexperiencedalongperiodofinactivitylikethis,when(4)recountinghowtheyfeltatthetime,refertothesamestrangepsychologicaleffect.Asthedayspass,theybegintofeel(5)detachedfromanysenseofpressuretogoandlookforajob,andtendtoregard(6)upcominginterviewsasiftheywerenotveryimportant.Typically,backathomeafterthreeorfouryearsaway,they(7)reverttooldhabits,startseeingoldfriends,and,inmanycases,becomedependentagainontheirparents.Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.Youmayneedtomakeotherchanges.Iwenttoamixed-abilitysecondaryschooljustoutsideLondon,(comprehensive)Igotstoppedbyapolicemanwhoaskedtoseemydrivinglicence,(cop)HaveyouseenthisbeautifulfromtheairviewofOxford?(aerial)Isabeltightlyherbagasshewalkeddownthecorridortowardstheoffice,(clutched)YoushouldspeaktoToby;he,sansupporterofflexibleworkinghours,(advocate)Ihurtmylegbadlyacoupleofmonthsago,anditstillhasn'tgotbettercompletely,(healed)Answerthequestionsaboutthewords.Isadead-endjobonewith(a)excitingprospects,or(b)nofuture?Isatrickyproblem(a)difficult,or(b)easytosolve?Ifanactivitysapsallyourenergy,doyoufeel(a)tired,or(b)moreactivethanusual?Doesapushypersontryto(a)persuadeyoutodosomethingyoudon'twantto,or(b)helpyoubylisteningtowhatyouhavetosay?Ifyoufeelapathy,doyouwantto(a)changetheworld,or(b)stayathomeanddonothing?7Answerthequestionsaboutthephrases.Isforkout(a)aformal,or(b)aninformalwayofsayingtopayforsomething?Ifyouareinthesameboatasanotherperson,areyou(a)makingthesamejourneytogether,or(b)inthesamedifficultorunpleasantsituation?Ifyoufeelyouhavecomefullcircle,doyou(a)feelyouarebackwhereyoustarted,or(b)feelasenseofsatisfactionbecauseyouhavecompletedsomething?Ifsomeonetakesasoftline,dotheydealwithaperson(a)inakindandsympatheticway,or(b)inalazywaywithoutmakingadecision?Ifyoustriketherightnoteaboutsomething,areyouexpressingyourself(a)well,or(b)badly?Ifyoudosomethingbyallmeans,doyou(a)tryyourbesttodoit,or(b)notcareaboutit?Ifyounudgesomeonebackintothesaddle,areyouencouragingthemto(a)takeresponsibilityagain,or(b)takeiteasy?Ifyoutalkthroughaproblemwithsomeone,doyou(a)examineitcarefullyandsensitively,or(b)refertoitquicklyandthenchangethesubject?ReadingandinterpretingAnswerthequestions."Willheevergetajob?”Whoisaskingthisquestion?Whatmooddoesitexpress?Theparentsareaskingthisbecausetheparagraphisaddressedtoparents(earlieritsays“yourgraduateson").Themoodseemstoexpresspatienceorresignationbecausetheword"ever"suggeststhatgettingajobwilltakealongtime.WhodescribesGenerationYas"rebelswithoutacause"?Isitafairdescription?Thisisthewriter*sdescriptiontoindicatethatthisgenerationisrebellingagainstparentsorsociety,buttheyhavenothingparticulartorebelagainst.Thisdoesn'tseemveryfairbecausethestudentsare

tryingtofindwork-itisjustthattheydon'tliketheirparentsnaggingthem.Sotheyareabitrebelliousagainsttheirparents,butnomorethanthat.Jack“walkedintotheuniversitycareersserviceandstraightbackoutagain”.WhatdoesthissuggestaboutJack'scharacter?ItsuggeststhatJackisnotverydetermined.Assoonashesawthequeueheleftwithoutwaitingandwithouttryingtoaskaboutjobsorcareers.Jackspentthesummer“hiding”.Hidingfromwhat?Whyarequotationmarksused?Probablythismeanshewashidingfromtheworldofwork,stayingathomeandnotlookingforajob.Thequotationmarkstellusthathewasn'tliterallyhiding,hejustspentalotoftimeathome.HowisMrsGoodwin'spointofviewaffectedbyherownpersonalexperience?Inonewayherexperiencehasn'taffectedherattitude:Sheleftschoolandwentimmediatelytoajob(withoutgoingtouniversity)andhasbeenworkingfull-timesincethenandyetsheissympatheticandtakesasoftline.

HowisLindenfield,spointofviewaffectedbyherownpersonalexperience?Herpersonalexperiencewasthatsheworkedinabarbeforefindingherfirstproperjobasanaerialphotographicassistant.Soshesayssuchworkisagreatnetworkingopportunity.Ifnewgraduatesaregoodatsuchworkandbright,cheerfulandpolite,theywillsoonbepromoted.Herpersonalexperiencethusreflects-orperhapshascreated-herpointofview.Whatwouldthefirsttwoparagraphshavefocusedoniftheyhadbeenpresentedfromthepointofviewofthestudentsratherthantheparents?Thefirsttwoparagraphswouldhavefocusedontheneedforthenewgraduatestorestforabitaftertheirhardstudies.ItisOKforstudentstorelaxwiththeTVortosocializewithfriendsforawhile,thentheycanstartaserioussearchforemploymentafterthat.Activereading(2)IfyouaskmeBackgroundinformationThisisaninformalandpersonalizedaccountofaneconomicsgraduatewhogetsajobinapubforayearandthenhasanopportunitytobesuccessful(aluckybreak).SheworksinaLondonpubcalled“TheSalisburynor"TheMarquisSalisburyv,namedaftersomeonewhowastheBritishPrimeMinisterthreetimesbetween1885and1902andwhosefamilyonceownedthepub'sland.The100yearoldpubisinLeadenhallStreet,justofftheCharingCrossRoadandLeicesterSquare.Daytimecustomerscangetapublunchandeveningcustomersincludemanyofficeworkersandtheatregoers(thepubisnearmanyWestEndtheatres).Theinteriorofthispubisdazzling,withlargemirrors,cutglassandamahoganydecor.Britishpubsareoftennamedafterfamouspeople{RobinHood,TheDukeofWellington)orroyalty(TheQueen'sArms,thePrinceofWales)orhistoricalsymbols(TheRoseandCrowntorepresentKingEdwardIII,TheRoyalOaktorepresentKingCharlesIIwhooncehidinalargeoaktree).Othernamesoftenincludecoloursandanimals(,TheRedBull,TheBlackHorse,TheGoldenLion,TheSwan)orsymbolsoftraditionaltrades(TheCompassesforcarpenters,TheThreeHammersforblacksmiths,TheThreeTunsforwinemakers).Asthepubisasocialplacetomeetaswellasaplacetogetadrink,peopleoftenplaygameslikedominoesordartsorjoinaquizorcompetition.Acommonexpressionisto“godownthepub"or"goroundtothelocal"(bothmeaningtogotothelocalpub).CulturepointspubinLondon:Apubisaplacewherepeoplegoforadrinkandtomeetfriendsandsocialize.Peoplecanplaygames-suchasdarts,cards,dominoes-inapubandpubsoftenhavequiznights,withprizesforthewinners,andlivemusic(SeealsoBackgroundinformation)TheSalisburyisawell-knownpubincentralLondon(SeealsoBackgroundinformation)LondonSchoolofEconomicsisadistinguisheduniversityincentralLondon,famousforsocialsciences.Languagepoints1Ifyou1)Inmyopinion(\()u(ハ’/'m(introducesanopinion),reallifeisnoteverythingthatpeoplesayitis.Ifathing(rackeduptobe,peoplenormallypraiseitbutintheopinionofthespeakertheyarewrongspendingmoneywhenyoudon'thaveanyisdeadeasy.(Para7)l)e(heremeansvery.Forexample,wecansayd((idtired(exhausted),adeadl<(acompletelossoruseless),adeadweight(veryheavy,difficulttolift).Whatweretheoddsonanyonebeingsonice?(Para11)Whatarethechancesthatsomeonewouldbesonice?Thewriterisemphasizingherethatsuchkindnessisveryunusual.…lookingbackafteralltheseyears,youonlyneedoneortwobreaksinyourlifetosucceed.(Para13)Aheremeansachancetobesuccessful.A〃アisanunexpectedopportunity.Readingandunderstanding2Choosethebestanswertothequestions.1Whatdidthewriterwanttodoafterfinishingherdegree?TodoanMAattheLondonSchoolofEconomics.Toearnsomemoneytopayoffherloan.Tostartworkingassoonaspossible.Toreturnhomeandhelphermother.WhydidsheaskforajobinTheSalisbury?Shewashungryandthirsty.Shethoughtitwouldleadtobetterthings.Shewasafriendofthelandlord.Shehadtheideawhenshesawthelandlordworking.Whatdidshebuywithherfirstsalary?Abunchofflowers.ACDandaplantfortheflatshelivedin.Ahamsandwichandaglassofbeer.Shedidn'thaveanymoneyleftafterpayingthebills.4WhydidTonygiveher￡20,000?Hefoundoutitwasherbirthdayandwantedtohelp.Hetrustedherandthoughtitwouldhelpher.Hewantedhertoleavethepubandworkforhim.(d)Hewassecretlyinlovewithher.Whatdidshedowiththemoney?SheusedittopayforhercourseattheLSE.Shelostalotofitinthe2008stockmarketcrash.SheinvesteditandpaidbackTonyandotherinvestors.Sheusedittostartherownbusiness.WhywasTonypleasedwhensherepaidtheloan?Hehadhadanaccidentandneededthemoneyforawheelchair.Itmeantthathewouldbeabletoseeheragain,(c)Itprovedthathehadbeenrighttoinvestinher.(d)Shepaidbacktheloanwithalotofinterest.3Workinpairsandanswerthequestions.Whatdoweknowaboutthewriter's:familybackground?Hermotherhadworkedhardfor15yearstosupporthereducationbutcouldn'taffordanyfurthersupport.Herfatherwasn'taroundmostofthetime.Hedidn'thaveanymoneybecausehespentiton

gamblingondogracingordrinkinginpubs.careerasastudent?ShehadagooddegreeinforamasterscourseatEconomics.3ambition?ShehadagooddegreeinforamasterscourseatEconomics.3ambition?ShewantedtogetajobLondonbecausethenshedegree.4appreciationofotherSheappreciatedMike'sinfinanceorinvestmentsinwouldbeabletouseherpeople?friendlinesswithcustomersandhisskill,andsheappreciatedTonyasaniceperson;latersheappreciatedthetrustofTonyandhisfriendslovelife?Wedon'tknowmuchaboutthis,exceptthatshedoesn'tlikeboystohassleher.Shethinkstheyareimmature.financialexpertise?Itmustbequitegood:Sheinvestedthe￡20,000andmadeenoughprofittopaythemoneybackwithinterestandsetupherowncompany.

senseofresponsibility?Shehasastrongsenseofresponsibilitybecauseshepaidbackthemoneytotheinvestorsandpaidthemanannualinterestfortheloan.philosophyoflife?Shebelievesthatyoushouldworkhard;youmayneedoneortwobreakstosucceedbutyoushouldknowhowtousethebreaks.Youshouldbehonestandresponsiblewithpeoplewhotrustyou.Dealingwithunfamiliarwords4Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.funnyorentertaining(amusing)usedforemphasizingthatsomethinggoodhashappened,especiallybecauseofgoodluck(fortunately)anamountofmoneythataperson,businessorcountryborrows,usuallyfromabank(loan)totakeanamountornumberfromatotal(deduct)themostexciting,impressive,orinterestingpartofanevent(highlight)toshowthatyouunderstandsomeone'sproblems(sympathize)needingalotoftime,ability,andenergy(demanding)5CompletetheconversationwiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity4.TeachingtipsWhenSshavecompletedtheblankswiththecorrectformoftheappropriatewords,askthemtopracticereadingthedialogue,tryingtomaketheirreadingsoundasconversationalaspossible.Chooseapairtoperformtheirreadingtotheclass.Theclasslistensandgivestheperformingpairaratingonascaleof1-10forfluencyandnaturalness.AAfterthreeyearsatuniversity,I'mnowquiteheavilyindebt.BI(1)sympathizewithyou,Iknowwhatit'sliketohavefinancialproblems.But(2)fortunatelyIdidn'tneedtotakeoutastudent(3)loanwhenIwasatuniversity,becauseIhadapart-timejob.AWhatdidyoudo?BIworkedinarestaurantatweekends.AThatmusthavebeenvery(4)demanding.BYes,itwas.Ihadtogettherightbalancebetweenworkandstudy.Buttheotherpeoplewhoworkedthereweregoodfuntobewith,soitwasquite(5)amusingtoo.The(6)highlightoftheweekendwasalwaysSaturdaynightwhenweworkedovertime.AButIdon'texpectyoumadealotofmoney?BNo,therewasn'tmuchafterthey'd(7)deductedtaxandpensioncontributions.Butitwasenoughtokeepmegoing.6Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.Youmayneedtomakeotherchanges.WhenIwasatcollegeIkeptallmypersonalthingsinanoldcupboard.Alotofpeoplewholeaveuniversitybeforegettingadegreeendupingoodjobs.Ithinkshe'11getagooddegree,butIwouldn'triskmymoneyontheexactresult.ThemoneyIspentatcollegewasmorethanwhatIearnedinmypart-timejob.Thechancesofmybeingofferedajobafterthatinterviewmustbequiteremote.Ourbusinesshasdoneverywellsincewechangedouradvertising.Ithinktellingthetruthandnotcheatingisalwaysthebestpolicy.Key:(1)belongings(2)dropouts(3)gamb1e(4)exceeded(5)odds(6)hasthrived(7)honesty7Answerthequestionsaboutthewordsandexpressions.Ifsomethingisnotallit'scrackeduptobe,isit(a)validandinteresting,or(b)justalittlebitdisappointing?Ifsomeonekeepsbangingonaboutsomething,areyoulikelytobe(a)interestedin,or(b)boredbywhattheysay?Ifthereisalotofhassleinyourlife,areyoulikelytofeel(a)stressed,or(b)relaxed?Ifsomethinghappensoutoftheblue,isit(a)unexpected,or(b)partofyourplan?Ifyousayyouendedupinaparticularjob,doyousuggestthat(a)youhavefulfilledyourambition,or(b)ithappenedalmostbychance?Aretheregularsinapub(a)thecustomerswhocomeveryoften,or(b)thefoodthepuboffersmostoften?Ifsomethingisdeadeasy,isit(a)veryeasy,or(b)noteasyatall?Ifyoutreatsomeonetosomething,doyou(a)buysomethingniceforthem,or(b)behavebadlytothem?Ifyoucheeraplaceup,doyou(a)maketheplacelookbrighter,or(b)makethepeopleintheplacehappier?ReadingandinterpretingLookatthesentencesfromthepassageandidentifythestylefeatures.Twelveyearsatschoolandthreeyearsatuniversity,teachersbangingonaboutopportunitiesinthebigwideworldbeyondourshelteredlifeasstudents