英語從句-倒裝及反義疑問句

What

is

inverted

sentence?英語的自然語序：主語+謂語倒裝句：把謂語放在主語之前完全倒裝：將謂語部分的全部或謂語動(dòng)詞放在主語之前。部分倒裝：僅把作用詞（如助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞tobe等）放在主語之前。助動(dòng)詞：be,

do,

have情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：should,

ought

to,

shall,

will,

would,

can,could,

may,might,

must,

need,dare,

used

to等等?！荒軉为?dú)做謂語，必須和實(shí)意動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞的起構(gòu)成謂語。系動(dòng)詞：be,

look,

feel,

taste,

smell,

sound,等等。e部分倒裝1.

一般疑問句Can

you

bring

me

my

umbrella?你能把 傘帶給我嗎？→

You

can

bring

me

my

umbrella.他在銀行工作嗎？Does

he

work

in

a

bank?→

He

works

in

abank.你來自于中國嗎？Are

you

from

China?/

Do

you

come

from

China?→

You

are

from

China./

You

come

from

China.2.

特殊疑問句常用疑問詞：what,who,

whose,

whom,

which,

when,

where,why,howWhen

will

there

be

lasting

peace

in

the

world?什么時(shí)候世界才能有持久的和平？→

There

will

be

lasting

peace…他每天早上幾點(diǎn)起床？What

time

does

he

get

up

every

morning?→

He

gets

up...你喜歡什么水果？What

fruit/

Which

fruit

do

you

like?→

I

like...3.虛擬語氣條件從句中的if被省略時(shí)Had

it

not

been

for

your

laziness,

you

could

have

finished

theassignment

by

now.如果不是你懶惰的話，你的作業(yè)到這會(huì)兒也能完成了?！?/p>

if

it

had

not

been

for

your

laziness,

you

could

have…Should

you

be

asked

about

this,

say

that

you

know

nothing.如果有人問起你這件事，你就說你什么都不知道?！?/p>

if

you

should

be

asked

about

this,

say…Were

I

to t,I’d t

someother

way.如果我要做，我會(huì)用其他方式去做。→

If

I

were

to

t,

I’d

t...4.以so開頭的，表示“也一樣”，“也這樣”的句子我喜歡茶，她也喜歡.I

like

tea,

so

does

she.他們現(xiàn)在能游泳， 也能。They

can

swim

now,and

so

can

we.*

Attention:

如果只是對前面一句話內(nèi)容的肯定和同意，則無需倒裝。He

worksvery

hard.

Sohedoes.他工作很努力。是的。這個(gè) 非常重。確實(shí)是。The

parcel

is

very

heavy.

So

it

is.5.與“so”開頭的句子反義，表示“…也不”時(shí)，以neither或nor開頭。我不喜歡咖啡，她也不喜歡.I

do

not

like

tea,

neither

does

she.“我沒帶錢?！薄拔乙矝]帶。”話。expect

them

to

be‘I

don’t

have

any

money.’

‘Neither/Nor

.”我不希望孩子們沒禮貌，也不希望他們不聽I

don’t

expect

children

to

be

rude,

nordisobeyed.*

Attention:

neither…nor…

既不…也不…(to

be

continued)He

can

neither

read

nor

write.他既不會(huì)讀也不會(huì)寫。

=

He

cannot

read

or

write.對這個(gè)消息既沒有感到 ，也沒有覺得意外。Julie

was

neither

shocked

nor

surprised

by

the

news.neither

vs.

eitherSightseeing

is

best

done

either

by

tour

bus

or

by

bicycles.觀光最好要么乘游覽巴士，要么騎自行車。我在紐約和芝加哥住過，但兩個(gè)城市我都不太喜歡。I

have

lived

in

New

York

and

Chicago,

but

don’t

like

either

cityvery

much.“我不會(huì)游泳?！薄拔乙膊粫?huì)?！薄甀

cannot

swim.’

‘I

can’teither.’6.so…that…結(jié)構(gòu)中，so在句首時(shí)So

easy

is

it

that

a

boy

can

learn

it.那很容易，小孩子都能學(xué)。他說得很快， 簡直聽不清楚。So

rapidly

did

he

speak

that

we

could

hardly

understand

himclearly.*Attention:so…that…如果放在句中，則是正常語序。He

was

so

weak

that

hecould

hardly

stand

up.他身體太虛弱了以至于幾乎站不起來。7.

在以never,hardly,scarcely,no

sooner…than,rarely,barely,seldom,

not

only,not

until,

nor,little,nowhere,

by

no

means,

inno

way,at

no

time,

in

no

case,

under

no

circumstances等表示否定意義開頭的句子，句子主謂部分倒裝。Never

have

I

come

across

such

a

difficult

problem.我還從沒有遇到過這樣 的問題。我很少讀這種雜志。Seldom

read

su

agazines.No

soonerhad

hearrived

thanhefell

ill.他一到就病了。(to

be

continued)Not

until

the

game

had

begun

at

the

sports

ground.A.should

he

havearrived B.

hadhe

arrivedC.

did

he

arrive D.

would

he

had

arrived直到比賽開始了他才來到賽場。By

no

means

produce

satisfactory

results.A.

will

this

method B.

this

method

will C.

should

this

methodD.

this

method

should這種方法決不會(huì)產(chǎn)生滿意的結(jié)果。*

Attention:他們不僅 了你，還打碎(smash)了所有東西。Notonly

didtheyrobyou,

they

smashedeverything.不僅你，我也喜歡這條裙子。Not

only

you

but

also

I

like

this

dress.（就近原則）他的父母都不會(huì)說英語。Neither

his

father

nor

his

mother

spoke

English.在這次和上次的會(huì)上，他們都沒 這個(gè)話題。Neither

at

this

meeting

nor

at

the

previous

one

the

proposal.A.

they

did

not

discuss B.

did

they

discussC.

do

they

discuss D.

would

they

discuss總結(jié)：在并列連接詞notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…等連接的句子中，如果notonly,neither放在句首，要用部分倒裝。但如果，當(dāng)位于句首的neither或notonly連接的是主語成分而不是句子時(shí)，不需要倒裝。8.

以“only+狀語”開頭的句子，句子主謂部分倒裝。改錯(cuò)：Only

then

I

realized

the

importance

of

English.→

Only

then

did

I

realize

the

importance

of

English.只有在那時(shí)我才 英語的重要性。只有用這種方法 才可以解決問題。Only

in

thisway

canwe

solvetheproblems.*

Attention:only如不在句首，或only修飾的不是狀語，則不倒裝。完全倒裝1.

以here,

there,now,then等表示地點(diǎn)，時(shí)間的副詞和介詞短語開頭，以及out,in,

away,up,

down,bang等方位或擬聲詞開頭的句子時(shí)，一般句子全部倒裝。改錯(cuò)：There

the

bus

comes!→

There

comes

the

bus!車來了！該輪到你了。Now

your

comes

turn.→Now

comes

your

turn.*

Attention:Here

you

are.給你。There

it

is.那就是?？偨Y(jié)：如果主語是代詞時(shí)就不倒裝。2.

在“there+be+主語”句子中。桌子上有五本書。There

are

five

books

on

the

table.原語序：Five

books

are

on

the

table.反義疑問句1.

當(dāng)陳述部分有never,seldom,

hardly,few,little,

barely,scarcely,nothing,

none,

rarely,no,

not,

no

one,

nobody,neither等否定意義的詞匯時(shí)，后面的反義疑問句則為肯定形式。There

are

few

apples

in

the

basket,

are

there?He

can

hardly

swim,

can

he?They

seldom

come

late,

do

they?2.

當(dāng)陳述部分的主語為everyone,

someone,

anyone,

no

one等表示人的不定代詞時(shí)，疑問部分的主語用they或he。Everyone

in

your

family

is

a

teacher,

aren’t

they/

isn’t

he?3.

當(dāng)陳述部分的主語為everything,

something,

anything,

nothing等表示物的不定代詞時(shí)，疑問部分的主語用itSomething

is

wrongwithyourwatch,

isn’t

it?4.

當(dāng)陳述部分含有如unhappy,dislike,

unfriendly等含有否定前后綴的詞時(shí)，當(dāng)肯定句處理，疑問部分用否定形式。他看上去不高興，不是嗎？He

looks

unhappy,

doesn’t

he?5.

當(dāng)陳述部分有l(wèi)ess,

fewer等詞，視為肯定詞。There

will

be

less

pollution,

won’t

there?6.

含有think,

believe,

suppose,

imagine,

expect等動(dòng)詞后接賓語從句，在構(gòu)成反義疑問句時(shí)，視情況而定。1）反問從句I

expect

our

English

teacher

will

be

back

this

weekend,

won’tshe/he?We

suppose

you

have

bought

the

tickets,

haven’t

you?當(dāng)主句的主語為第一人稱時(shí)，反問從句。2）反問主句They

don’t

believe

she

is

an

engineer,

do

they?,

didn’tYou

thought

they

could

have

finished

theyou?當(dāng)主句的主語為第二、三人稱時(shí)，反問主句。7.

祈使句當(dāng)陳述部分是祈使句時(shí)，疑問句要根據(jù)語氣來表達(dá)，分三種情況。1）一般情況下用will

you

或won’t

you.幫我一下忙，好嗎？Give

me

a

hand,

will

you?不要關(guān)燈，好嗎？Don’tturn

the

lightsoff,

will

you?(to

be

continued)2）以let’s開頭的祈使句（聽話人包括在內(nèi)），疑問句用shallwe