考研考博-英語-哈爾濱醫(yī)科大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱醫(yī)科大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Excellentfilmsarethosewhich（）_nationalandculturalbarriers.

問題1選項

A.transcend

B.traverse

C.abolish

D.suppress

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。transcend“勝過，超越”；traverse“穿過，來回移動，反駁”；abolish“廢除，廢止”；suppress“抑制，鎮(zhèn)壓”。句意：優(yōu)秀的電影是那些超越國家和文化障礙的電影。選項A符合題意。

2.翻譯題

1.無論你的智商有多高，你的看法都受到個人經(jīng)歷的局限，因此要學(xué)會吸納他人有用的觀點。

2.事實上，只有勤奮加方法得當(dāng)才能使你在學(xué)習(xí)上比他人有優(yōu)勢。

3.作為對政府檢查員批評的回應(yīng)，公司改變了一些做法，而不是放棄自己的規(guī)定

4.OninternationalrelationsChinawouldcontinuetodeveloprelationswithforeigncountriesinseekingafavorableinternationalenvironmentforitsreformandtomakecontributionstoworldpeaceanddevelopment.

5.Managementhasgranteda10%payriseinresponsetounionpressurebutrefusedtomakeanyfurtherconcession.

【答案】1.NomatterhowhighyourIQis,yourviewislimitedbytheexperience,soyoushouldlearntoincorporatetheusefulperspectivesofothers.

2.Infact,onlyhardworkincombinationwithpropermethodswillgiveyouanadvantageoverothers.

3.Inresponsetocriticismbygovernmentinspectors,thecompanychangedsomeofitspracticesratherthangaveupitsrules.

4.在國際關(guān)系方面，中國將繼續(xù)發(fā)展與外國的關(guān)系，尋求一個對自己改革有利的國際環(huán)境，繼續(xù)對世界和平和發(fā)展作出貢獻。

5.在工會的壓力下，資方已同意提高10%的薪酬，但是拒絕作出進一步的讓步。

3.單選題

ThiscrisiswilltestthePrimeMinister’smettle.

問題1選項

A.plan

B.judgment

C.stamina

D.knowledge

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項plan“計劃，平面圖”；B選項judgment“判斷，裁判，判決書，辨別力”；C選項stamina“耐力，持久力，毅力”；D選項knowledge“知識，學(xué)問，知道，認(rèn)識，學(xué)科”。句意：這場危機將考驗首相的勇氣。Mettle“勇氣，氣質(zhì)，耐力”，C選項與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項正確。

4.翻譯題

侵略行為似乎與許多生物結(jié)構(gòu)和化學(xué)物質(zhì)有關(guān)，如大腦中的下丘腦(hypothalamus)。很多動物在受到特定刺激時會表現(xiàn)出本能的侵略反應(yīng)。下丘腦似乎與動物的這種本能反應(yīng)有關(guān)：對許多動物的下丘腦中部分區(qū)域進行電激，會引發(fā)這一些它們的常見侵略行為。然而，人類的大腦要復(fù)雜的多，大腦的其他結(jié)構(gòu)似乎可以抑制這種本性。社會生物學(xué)是生物學(xué)方法的一個分支，該理論認(rèn)為侵略性對于人類而言是天生并且必要的。社會生物學(xué)認(rèn)為，包括侵略行為在內(nèi)的許多社會行為都是由遺傳決定的。根據(jù)達爾文的進化論，他認(rèn)為，個體存在的數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過那些可以找到食物并且活到成年的個體數(shù)量。個體之間開始進行生存競爭，那些擁有競爭優(yōu)勢的個體更容易存活，并且會將它們有利于生存競爭的基因遺傳給下一代。大部分物種所具有的競爭優(yōu)勢特質(zhì)之一就是好斗性。擁有侵略特質(zhì)的個體更容易存活和繁殖，因此，與侵略行為相關(guān)的各種基因遺傳給下一代的可能性更大。該理論在眾多方面遭到質(zhì)疑，其一，人類擁有其他物種不具備的能力，這種并非侵略性質(zhì)的能力才是人類生存下來的主要原因。其二，人類身上存在太多的變數(shù)，因此，我們無法相信人類會被侵略沖動主導(dǎo)或者支配。

【答案】Numerousbiologicalstructuresandchemicalsappeartobeinvolvedinaggression.Oneisthehypothalamus,aregionofthebrain.Inresponsetocertainstimuli,manyanimalsshowinstinctiveaggressivereactions.Thehypothalamusappearstobeinvolvedinthisinbornreactionpattern:electricalstimulationofpartofthehypothalamustriggersstereotypicalaggressivebehaviorsinmanyanimals.Inpeople,however,whosebrainsaremorecomplex,otherbrainstructuresapparentlymoderatepossibleinstincts.Anoffshootofthebiologicalapproachcalledsociobiologysuggeststhataggressionisnaturalandevendesirableforpeople.Sociobiologyviewsmuchsocialbehavior,includingaggressivebehavior,asgeneticallydetermined.ConsiderDarwin'stheoryofevolution.Darwinheldthatmanymoreindividualsareproducedthanthosecanfindfoodandsurviveintoadulthood.Astruggleforsurvivalfollows.Thoseindividualswhopossesscharacteristicsthatprovidethemwithanadvantageinthestruggleforexistencearemorelikelytosurviveandcontributetheirgenestothenextgeneration.Inmanyspecies,suchcharacteristicsincludeaggressiveness.Becauseaggressiveindividualsaremorelikelytosurviveandreproduce,whatevergenesarelinkedtoaggressivebehavioraremorelikelytobetransmittedtosubsequentgenerations.：Thesociobiologyviewhasbeenattackedonnumerousgrounds.Oneisthatpeople'scapacitytooutwitotherspecies,nottheiraggressiveness,appearstobethedominantfactorinhumansurvival.Anotheristhatthereistoomuchvariationamongpeopletobelievethattheyaredominatedby,oratthemercyof,aggressiveimpulses.

5.單選題

PitythosewhoaspiretoputtheinitialsPhDaftertheirnames.After16yearsofcloselysupervisededucation,prospectivedoctorsofphilosophyareleftmoreorlessalonetowritetheequivalentofalargebook.Mostsocial-sciencepostgraduateshavestillnotcompletedtheirthesesbythetimetheirgrantrunsoutafterthreeyears.Theymustthengetajobandfinishintheirsparetime,whichcanoftentakeafurtherthreeyears.Bythen,mostnewdoctorsaresicktodeathofthenarrowlydefinedsubject,whichhasblightedtheirholidaysandminedtheirevenings.

TheEconomicandSocialResearchCouncil,whichgivesgrantstopostgraduatesocialscientists,wantstogetbettervalueformoneybycuttingshortthisagony.Itwouldliketoseefastercompletionrates:untilrecently,onlyabout25%ofPhDcandidateswerefinishingwithinfouryears.TheESRC’sresponsehasbeentostopPhDgrantstoallinstitutionswheretheproportiontakinglessthanfouryearsisbelow10%;inthefirstyearofthispolicythenationalaverageshotupto39%.TheESRCfeelsvindicatedinitstoughness,andwillprogressivelyraisethethresholdto40%intwoyears.Unlesscompletionratesimprovefurther,thiswouldexclude55outof73universitiesandpolytechnics-includingOxfordUniversity,theLondonSchoolofEconomicsandtheLondonBusinessSchool.

Predictably,howlsofprotesthavecomefromtheuniversities,whoviewtheblacklistingofwholeinstitutionsasarbitraryandnegative.Theypointoutthatmanyofthebeststudentsgoquicklyintojobswheretheycanapplytheirresearchskills,butconsequentlytakelongertofinishtheirtheses.PolytechnicswithasfewastwoPhDcandidatescomplainthattheyarepenalizedbyrandomfluctuationsinstudentperformance.Thecollegessaythereisnohardevidencetoprovethatfastercompletionratesresultfromgreaterefficiencyratherthanlowerstandardsorlessambitiousdoctoraltopics.

TheESRCthinksitmightnotbeabadthingifPhDstudentsweremoremodestintheiraims.Itwouldprefertoseemoresystematicteachingofresearchskillsandfewerunrealisticexpectationsplacedonyoungmenandwomenwhoareundertakingtheirfirstpieceofseriousresearch.Soinfutureitsgrantswillbegivenonlywhereitisconvincedthatstudentsarebeingtrainedasresearchers,ratherthancarryingoutpurelyknowledge-basedstudies.

TheESRCcannotdictatethestandardofthesisrequiredbyexternalexaminers,orforcedepartmentstogivegraduatesmoreteachingtime.Themostitcandoistotrytopersuadeuniversitiestochangetheirways.Recalcitrantprofessorsshouldnotethatstudentswantmoreresearchtrainingandalesselaboratestyle,ofthesis,too.

1.Bythetimenewdoctorsgetajobandtrytofinishtheirthesesinsparetime（

）.

2.OxfordUniversitywouldbeexcludedoutofthoseuniversitiesthatreceivePhDgrantsfromESRC,becausethecompletionrateofitsPhDstudents’theseswithinfouryearsislowerthan

（

）.

3.AllthefollowingstatementsaretheargumentsagainstESRC’spolicyexcept

（

）.

4.TheESRCwouldprefer（

）.

5.WhattheESRCcandoisto（

）.

問題1選項

A.mostofthemdiedofsomesickness

B.theirholidaysandeveningshavebeenruinedbytheirjobs.

C.mostofthemarecompletelytiredofthenarrowlydefinedsubject

D.mostoftheirgrantsrunout.

問題2選項

A.25%

B.40%

C.39%

D.10%

問題3選項

A.alltheinstitutionsontheblacklistarearbitraryandnegative.

B.thereisnohardevidencetoprovethatfastercompletionratesresultfromgreaterefficiencyratherthanlowerstandardsorlessambitiousdoctoraltopics.

C.manyofthebeststudentsgoquicklyintojobswheretheycanapplytheirresearchskills,butconsequentlytakelongertofinishtheirtheses.

D.somepolytechnicsarepenalizedbyrandomfluctuationsinstudentperformance.

問題4選項

A.thatthestudentswerecarryingoutpurelyknowledge-basedstudiesratherthanbeingtrainedasresearchers.

B.toseehigherstandardsofPhDstudents’thesesandmoreambitiousdoctoraltopics.

C.moresystematicteachingofresearchskillstofewerunrealisticexpectationsplacedoninexperiencedyoungPhDstudents.

D.thatPhDstudentswerelessmodestintheiraims.

問題5選項

A.forcedepartmentstogivegraduatesmoreteachingtime

B.trytopersuadeuniversitiestochangetheirways

C.dictatethestandardofthesisreacquiredbyexternalexaminers

D.notethatstudentswantmoreresearchtrainingandlesselaboratestyleofthesis

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞newdoctors定位至第一段:Bythen,mostnewdoctorsaresicktodeathofthenarrowlydefinedsubject,whichhasblightedtheirholidaysandminedtheirevenings(到那吋候，新一批將要畢業(yè)的博士生就會對狹隘的論文主題感到極其厭倦，并且這樣的論文會毀掉他們的假期，占據(jù)他們的夜晚)。因此C項“他們中的大部分都徹底厭倦了狹隘的論文主題”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞OxfordUniversity定位至第二段:TheESRCfeelsvindicatedinitstoughness,andwillprogressivelyraisethethresholdto40%intwoyears.Unlesscompletionratesimprovefurther,thiswouldexclude55outof73universitiesandpolytechnics—includingOxfordUniversity...(經(jīng)濟與社會研究委員會覺得自己的堅持被證明是正確的，于是準(zhǔn)備在接下來的兩年內(nèi)將畢業(yè)率門檻提升至40%,如果不提升畢業(yè)率，那么73所大學(xué)和?？茖W(xué)院中有55所院校將不能獲得補貼，其中包括牛津大學(xué)……)。由此可知如果牛津大學(xué)博士生的畢業(yè)率低于40%的話，將得不到補貼。故選B。

3.判斷推理題。四個選項都能在第三段中找到原話,但是PolytechnicswithasfewastwoPhDcandidatescomplainthattheyarepenalizedbyrandomfluctuationsinstudentperformance(只有兩個在讀博士生的科技?？圃盒１г拐f學(xué)生成績的不穩(wěn)定性讓他們很被動)這部分不針對ESRC政策。故選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第四段指出:Itwouldprefertoseemoresystematicteachingofresearchskillsandfewerunrealisticexpectationsplacedonyoungmenandwomenwhoareundertakingtheirfirstpieceofseriousresearch(更愿意看到對參與第一項嚴(yán)肅研究的青年男女進行更系統(tǒng)的研究技能教學(xué)，減少不切實際的期望),因此C項“更系統(tǒng)地教授研究技能，減少對缺乏經(jīng)驗的年輕博士生的不切實際的期望”正確。根據(jù)第四段中的Soinfutureitsgrantswillbegivenonlywhereitisconvincedthatstudentsarebeingtrainedasresearchers,ratherthancarryingoutpurelyknowledge-basedstudies(因此，在未來，只有在確定學(xué)生接受研究人員培訓(xùn)，而不是進行純粹的基于知識的研究時，才會發(fā)放助學(xué)金)可知選項A意思表示剛好與原文相反；根據(jù)文章第四段中的TheESRCthinksitmightnotbeabadthingifPhDstudentsweremoremodestintheiraims(ESRC認(rèn)為，如果博士生在目標(biāo)上更加謙虛，這可能不是一件壞事。)可知選項D與原文意思相反，并且根據(jù)原文關(guān)鍵詞modestintheiraims可知選項B也與原文意思相反。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章最后一段指出:TheESRCcannotdictatethestandardofthesisrequiredbyexternalexaminers,orforcedepartmentstogivegraduatesmoreteachingtime(ESRC不能規(guī)定外部考官要求的論文標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，也不能強迫各部門給畢業(yè)生更多的教學(xué)時間)，故A和C錯誤。根據(jù)Themostitcandoistotrytopersuadeuniversitiestochangetheirways(它最能做到的就是試圖說服大學(xué)改變他們的方式)可知選項B正確；而根據(jù)最后一句話Recalcitrantprofessorsshouldnotethatstudentswantmoreresearchtrainingandalesselaboratestyle,ofthesis,too(固執(zhí)的教授應(yīng)該意識到學(xué)生們也需要更多的研究培訓(xùn)和不那么復(fù)雜的論文風(fēng)格)可知選項D是Recalcitrantprofessors“固執(zhí)的教授”應(yīng)該做的而不是ESRC，所以選項D也不對，故答案選項為B。

6.單選題

Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7to8hours’sleepalternationwithsome16to17hour’swakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.

Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Thecase,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormally,takesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek,8a.m.to4p.m.thenext,and4p.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.

Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.

Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.

1.Whyisthequestionof“howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight”notamereacademicquestion?

2.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin（

）.

3.Thebestsolutionforimplementingthe24-liourworkingsystemseemstobe

（

）.

4.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhisbodytemperaturebecause

（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

問題1選項

A.Becausefewpeopleliketoreversethecycleofsleepandwakefulness.

B.Becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.

C.Becausepeoplearerequiredtoworkatnightinsomefieldsofindustry.

D.Becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleeping.

問題2選項

A.theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroductionofautomation

B.thedisturbanceofthedailylifecycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequent

C.thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffective

D.thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers

問題3選項

A.tochangeshiftsatlongerintervals

B.tohavelongershift

C.toarrangeforsomepeopletoworkonnightshiftsonly

D.tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers

問題4選項

A.bodytemperaturechangeswhenthecycleofsleepandwakefulnessalternates

B.bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorback

C.thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutineischanged

D.peoplehavehighertemperatureswhentheyareworkingefficiently

問題5選項

A.Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker'sperformance.

B.Theselectionofanumberofpermanentnightshiftworkersprovedtobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.

C.Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.

D.Disturbedsleepoccurslessfrequentlyamongthoseonpermanentnightordayshifts.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Thecase,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines(這已經(jīng)不是一個學(xué)術(shù)的問題。例如，在需要機器24小時連續(xù)工作的自動化操作的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，需要人們從白天工作變?yōu)橥砩瞎ぷ鞯膯栴}變得越來越重要了)。故選C“因為一些工業(yè)領(lǐng)域要求上夜班”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Itnormally,takesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight(通常一個人需要五天至一周的時間來適應(yīng)與常規(guī)生活顛倒的睡眠吋間和猜醒時間，即白天睡覺，晚上工作)以及Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek(不幸的是，在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，工作班次每星期都變換的事經(jīng)常發(fā)生)。故選B“頻繁更換工作吋間的工人的日常生活周期被打亂”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第三段第一句指出:Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers(看來，唯一真正可以解決問題的方法就是將晚班交給一些長期上夜班的工人)。故選C“安排一些人只上夜班”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第四段指出:Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight(白天正常工作的人，在其清醒的時間內(nèi)，體溫通常都比較高，但是在夜晚則比較低)。因此選D“人在工作效率高吋，休溫都比較高”。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段...itcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection(可以了解到個人是如何快速適應(yīng)正常時間的顛倒，同時也可成為篩選的基礎(chǔ))以及Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice(然而，到目前為止，這種形式的篩選似乎并沒有在實踐中得到應(yīng)用)可知選擇永久的夜間值班者僅僅是一種基礎(chǔ)的方法，但不是最佳的方法，故選項B錯誤。根據(jù)最后一段Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight(了解一個人何時適應(yīng)的一種方法是測量他的體溫。白天正常工作的人在清醒的時候會有高溫，晚上會有低溫)可知選項A“體溫可以作為衡量工人工作的一個指標(biāo)”正確。根據(jù)最后一段Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine(因此，在清醒期間每隔兩小時測量一次體溫，可以看出一個人能多快地適應(yīng)一個顛倒的習(xí)慣)可知選項C“每隔一段吋間測量體溫，可以顯示個人是如何適應(yīng)常規(guī)變化”正確。根據(jù)第三段Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork(她發(fā)現(xiàn)在日班和夜班交替的人中，睡眠障礙和其他障礙的發(fā)生率很高，但在長期夜班的人中，這些現(xiàn)象沒有異常發(fā)生)可知選項D“長期上夜班的或上長白班的人很少出現(xiàn)睡眠被打亂的現(xiàn)象”正確。

7.單選題

Beforethe()ofhospitals,thefamilyorcommunalsauna(桑拿)wasfavoredbyFinishedwomenforgivingbirth.Today,saunasarefoundinhealthclubsandgymnasiumsaroundtheworld.

問題1選項

A.advent

B.adventure

C.advert

D.advance

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在醫(yī)院出現(xiàn)之前，產(chǎn)房婦女青睞于家庭或公共桑拿。今天，桑拿在世界各地的健身俱樂部和健身房隨處可見。advent到來，出現(xiàn)；adventure冒險；advert談到；advance發(fā)展，前進。選項A符合句意。

8.單選題

We’ll（

）youforanydamagedonetoyourhousewhileweareinit.

問題1選項

A.compensate

B.remedy

C.supplement

D.retrieve

【答案】A

【解析】句意:居住期間對你房子所造成的任何損壞，我們都會賠償你。

動詞辨析。compensate賠償,補償;remedy改進,補救;supplement補充;retrieve取回，索回。故A符合句意。

9.單選題

Questions14-16arebasedonthefollowinginterviewwithShermanAlexie,anAmericanIndianpoet.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions14-16.

14.WhydidShermanAlexieonlytakedayjobs?

15.Whatwashisoriginalgoalatcollage?

16.Whydidhetakethepoetrywritingclass?

問題1選項

A.Hecouldbringunfinishiedworkhome.

B.Hemighthavetimetopersuehisinterests.

C.Hemightdosomeeveningteaching.

D.Hecouldinvestmoreemotioninhisfamily.

問題2選項

A.Toteachinhighschool.

B.Towritehisownbooks.

C.Tobeamedicaldoctor.

D.Tobeamathematician.

問題3選項

A.Tofollowhisfather.

B.Foraneasygrade.

C.Tochangehisspecialty.

D.Forknowledgeofpoetry.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

【解析】第1題:

第2題:

第3題:

10.單選題

Everyonehasamomentinhistory,whichbelongsparticularlytohim.Itisthemomentwhenhisemotionsachievetheirmostpowerfulswayoverhim,andafterwardwhenyousaytothisperson“theworldtoday”or“l(fā)ife”or“reality”hewillassumethatyoumeanthismoment,evenifitisfiftyyearspast.Theworld,throughhisunleashed（釋放的）emotions,imprinteditselfuponhim,andhecar-riesthestampofthatpassingmomentforever.

Forme，thismoment——fouryearsinamomentinhistory——wasthewar.Thewarwasandisrealityforme.Istillinstinctivelyliveandthinkinitsatmosphere.Thesearesomeofitscharacteris-tics.

FranklinDelanoRooseveltisthepresidentoftheUnitedStates,andhealwayshasbeen.TheothertwoeternalworldleadersareWinstonChurchillandJosephStalin.Americaisnot,neverhasbeen,andneverwillbewhatthesongandpoemscallit,alandofplenty.Nylon，meat,gasoline,andsteelarerare.Therearetoomanyjobsandnotenoughworkers.Moneyisveryeasytoearnbutratherhardtospend,becausethereisn’tverymuchtobuy.Trainsarealwayslateandalwayscrowdedwith“servicemen”.ThewarwillalwaysbefoughtveryfarfromAmerica,anditwillneverend.NothinginAmericastandsstillforverylong,includingthepeoplewhoarealwayseitherleavingoronleave.PeopleinAmericacryoften.Sixteenisthekeyandcrucialandnaturalageforahumanbeingtobe,andpeopleofallotheragesarerangedinanorderlymanneraheadofandbehindyouasahar-monioussettingforthesixteen-year-oldsoftheworld.Whenyouaresixteen,adultsareslightlyim-pressedandalmostintimidatedbyyou.Thisisapuzzlefinallysolvedbytherealizationthattheyfore-seeyourmilitaryfuture:fightingforthem.Youdonotforeseeit.TowasteanythinginAmericaisim-moral.Stringandtinfoilaretreasures.Newspapersarealwayscrowedwithstrangemapsandnamesoftowns,andeveryfewmonthstheearthseemstolurch（突然傾斜）fromitspathwhenyouseesome-thinginthenewspapers,suchasthetimeMussolini,whoalmostseemedoneoftheeternalleaders,isphotographedhangingupsidedownonameathook.

1.Whichstatementbestdepictsthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?

2.Whydoestheauthorstillclearlyrememberthewar?

3.Whichstatementbestdescribestheauthor’sfeelingsaboutthewar?

4.Whydoestheauthorthinkthatadultsareimpressedwithsixteen-year-olds?

5.Whydoestheauthorsaythatstringandtinfoilaretreasures?

問題1選項

A.Realityiswhatyoumakeofit.

B.Timeislikeariver.

C.Emotionsarepowerful.

D.Everypersonhasaspecialmoment.

問題2選項

A.FranklinDelanoRooseveltwasPresident.

B.Itwashispersonalrealityandpartofhislife.

C.Therewasnotmuchtobuy.

D.Thewarwouldneverend.

問題3選項

A.Itwaseverrealforhim,yethewasnotactivelyinvolved.

B.Itwasrealforhimbecausehewasasoldieratthattime.

C.Itwasveryunrealtohim.

D.Thewarwasverydisruptivetothepeopleathome.

問題4選項

A.Adultswouldliketobeyoung.

B.Sixteen-year-oldsdonotwastethings.

C.Sixteen-year-oldsreadnewspapers.

D.Theywillbefightingsoonforadults.

問題5選項

A.Thewarhasmadethemscarce.

B.Theyareusefultosixteen-year-olds.

C.Helikedthemwhenhewassixteen.

D.Peopleareverywasteful.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.第一段指出：everyonehasamomentinhishistory,whichbelongsparticularlytohim（每個人在他的歷史上都有一個屬于他的時刻）,選項D符合題意。

2.文章第二段指出：thewarwasandisrealityforme（戰(zhàn)爭對作者來說很真實），這是作者為何記住戰(zhàn)爭的原因，選項B符合題意。

3.文章第二段指出：Istillinstinctivelyliveandthinkinitsatmosphere.Thesearesomeofitscharacteristics，由此推測戰(zhàn)爭對他來說是非常真實的，但是文章中并沒有提到作者是一名戰(zhàn)士，因此選項A符合題意。

4.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“adultsareimpressedwithsixteen-year-olds”定位至文章第三段：whenyouaresixteen,adultsareslightlyimpressedandalmostintimidatedbyyou.Thisisapuzzlefinallysolvedbytherealizationthattheyforeseeyourmilitaryfuture:fightingforthem.可知成年人之所有會對16歲少年印象深刻是因為他們知道這些少年將來會為他們打仗，選項D符合題意。

5.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Stringandtinfoilaretreasures”定位至第三段，第三段前面提到：Nylon,meat,gasoline,andsteelarerare，因此推測當(dāng)時戰(zhàn)爭使得物資匱乏，后面指出了“Stringandtinfoilaretreasures”。故答案為A選項。

11.單選題

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（

）aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.

問題1選項

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.stimulating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。modify“修改，更正”；duplicate“復(fù)制”；accelerate“使…加快”；stimulate“刺激，鼓舞”。句意：最近，媒體對兒童模仿電視上的暴力行為事件進行了大量報道。B項符合句意，答案B

12.單選題

ThemyththatUnitedStatesisnotopentoconcernsfromoutsidehasbeen______atastroke.

問題1選項

A.demolished

B.precluded

C.kindled

D.hampered

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項demolish“拆除，破壞，推翻，駁倒”，B項preclude“排除，妨礙，阻止”，C項kindle“點燃，著火，激起，照亮”，D項hamper“妨礙，束縛，使困累”。由myth“神話”和atastroke“一下子”可知，“推翻”符合語境。句意：美國不會對外開放的神話一下子就被推翻了。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

13.單選題

StudiesoftheWeddellsealinthelaboratoryhavedescribedthephysiologicalmechanismsthatallowthesealtocopewiththeextremeoxygendeprivationthatoccursduringitslongestdives,whichcanextend500metersbelowtheocean’ssurfaceandlastforover70minutes.Recentfieldstudies,however,suggestthatduringmoretypicaldivesinthewild,thisseal’sphysiologicalbehaviorisdifferent.

Inthelaboratory,whenthesealdivesbelowthesurfaceofthewaterandstopsbreathing,itsheartbeatsmoreslowly,requiringlessoxygen,anditsarteriesbecomeconstricted,ensuringthattheseal’sbloodremainsc