考研考博-英語-南開大學(xué)濱海學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南開大學(xué)濱海學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

AnemergencyrightsissuebyHBOSwasaflop:only8.3%oftheBritishbank’ssharesweretakenupbyinvestors.

問題1選項

A.misfeasance

B.washout

C.flame

D.optima

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項misfeasance“過失；行為失檢；不當(dāng)行為”；B選項washout“沖刷；失敗者”；C選項flame“火焰；熱情；光輝”；D選項optima“最合適條件；最佳狀態(tài)”。句意：蘇格蘭哈里法克斯銀行（HBOS）的一次緊急配股發(fā)行失敗了：投資者只認(rèn)購了這家英國銀行8.3%的股份。flop“徹底失敗，不成功；沉重、松散又笨拙的動作”，B選項與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項正確。

2.單選題

Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandmorerespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants（被告）.Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.

Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultoawoman.Handsomemaleexecutiveswerethoughtashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.

Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatoftheattractiveovernightsuccesses.

Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable?Anattractivewomanisthoughttobemorefeminineandanattractivemanmoremasculinethanthelessattractiveones.Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthemasculinequalitiesrequired.

Thisistrueeveninpolitics.“Whentheonlyclueishowheorshelooks,peopletreatmenandwomendifferently,”saysAnneBowman,whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestudentstoranktwogroupsofphotographs,oneofmenandoneofwomen,inorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,intheordertheywouldvoteforthem.

Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemen,butthewomenwhohadbeenmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes.

1.Theword"liability"inparagraph1mostprobablymeans（）.

2.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness（）.

3.Bowman’sexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness（）.

4.Thepassageimpliesthatpeople'sviewsonbeautyareoften（）.

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis（）.

問題1選項

A.misfortune

B.instability

C.disadvantage

D.burden

問題2選項

A.reinforcesthefemininequalitiesrequired

B.makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapable

C.isofprimaryimportancetowomen

D.oftenenableswomentosucceedquickly

問題3選項

A.turnsouttobeanobstacletomen

B.affectsmenandwomenalike

C.hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomen

D.ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomen

問題4選項

A.practical

B.prejudiced

C.old-fashioned

D.radical

問題5選項

A.todiscussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractive

B.togiveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractive

C.todemandequalrightsforwomen

D.toemphasizetheimportanceofappearance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.語義推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段最后一句“Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.但在高管圈子里，美貌可能成為一種。”but在這里表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前面的內(nèi)容都是在講美貌所帶來的優(yōu)勢，因此可以推斷，liability指的是不利條件。A選項misfortune“不幸，災(zāi)禍”；B選項instability“不穩(wěn)定”；C選項disadvantage“不利條件”；D選項burden“負(fù)擔(dān)，責(zé)任”。選項C與之意思相近，所以正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthe‘masculine’qualitiesrequired.因此，一個有吸引力的女性在傳統(tǒng)的女性工作中具有優(yōu)勢，但一個有吸引力的女性在傳統(tǒng)的男性工作上似乎缺乏所需的“男性”特征。”由此可以推斷，傳統(tǒng)的女性工作需要女性具有吸引力，因為吸引力增強(qiáng)了女性所需要的特質(zhì)，選項A符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一段的內(nèi)容“結(jié)果顯示,有吸引力的男性完全擊敗了沒有吸引力的男性，但最具有吸引力的女性總是得到最少的選票?！庇纱丝芍?，當(dāng)涉及政治時，吸引力對女性來說并不是一件好事，選項D符合原文。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。A選項practical“實際的”；B選項prejudiced“懷有偏見的”；C選項old-fashioned“過時的”；D選項radical“激進(jìn)的”。文章內(nèi)容首先介紹了人們對美的傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)知，然后介紹了人們認(rèn)為具有吸引力的女性高管的成功大多來自運(yùn)氣，而不是能力；當(dāng)涉及政治時，具有吸引力的女性得票最低。因此可知人們對于美的看法通常是帶有偏見的，所以選項B正確。

5.作者意圖題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章第一段最后句就講到了美貌可能會成為一個不利因素，接下來的內(nèi)容也主要是圍繞這一話題展開，所以作者寫本文的目的主要是討論吸引力帶來的負(fù)面影響，所以選項A正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

3.單選題

Thehistoryoffilmreflectsthe（

）inherentinthemediumitself:filmcombinesstillphotographstorepresentcontinuousmotionand,whileseemingtopresentlifeitself,canalsoofferimpossibleanddreamlikeunrealities.

問題1選項

A.trivialities

B.biases

C.constraints

D.paradoxes

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。triviality“淺薄，輕浮，瑣事”；bias“偏見，偏愛”；constraint“約束，局促”；paradox“悖論，反論，似非而是的論點(diǎn)，自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：電影的歷史反映了這種媒體本身具備的矛盾：電影將靜止的照片結(jié)合在一起區(qū)別表現(xiàn)連續(xù)的動作，而當(dāng)呈現(xiàn)生活時，也經(jīng)常提供一些不可能的和不真實的東西。選項D符合題意。

4.單選題

Towhatextentwillfuturescientificdiscoveriesmakepossiblethe（

）ofthehumanlifespan?

問題1選項

A.increase

B.prolongation

C.expansion

D.growth

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項increase“增加”；B選項prolongation“延伸”；C選項expansion“闡述”；D選項growth“成長”。句意：未來的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)能在多大程度上延長人類的壽命?選項B符合句意。

5.單選題

Thenewspapersinmyhometowndon'thaveasmanypagesasthey（）here.

問題1選項

A.are

B.do

C.have

D.canbe

【答案】B

【解析】句意：家鄉(xiāng)的報紙沒有這里的多。do用來代替原有的動詞原形用于強(qiáng)調(diào)并且避免重復(fù)。

6.不定項選擇題

Atthefall2001SocialScienceHistoryAssociationconventioninChicago,theCrimeandJusticeNetworksponsoredaforumonthehistoryofgunownership,gunuse,andgunviolenceintheUnitedStates.Ourpurposewastoconsiderhowsocialsciencehistorymightcontributetothepublicdebateoverguncontrolandgunrights.Todate,wehavehadlittleimpactonthatdebate.Ithasbeendominatedbymainstreamsocialscientistsandhistorians,especiallyscholarssuchasGaryKleck,JohnLott,andMichaelBellesiles,whosework,despiteprofoundflaws,ispoliticallycongenialtoeitheropponentsorproponentsofguncontrol.KleckandMarkGertz,forinstance,argueonthebasisoftheirwidelycitedsurveythatgunownerspreventnumerouscrimeseachyearintheUnitedStatesbyusingfirearmstodefendthemselvesandtheirproperty.Iftheirsurveyrespondentsaretobebelieved,Americangunownersshot100,000criminalsin1994inself—defense—apreposterousnumber.Lottclaimsonthebasisofhisstatisticalanalysisofrecentcrimeratesthatlawsallowingprivateindividualstocarryconcealedfirearmstodetermurders,rapes,androbberies,becausecriminalsareafraidtoattackpotentiallyarmedvictims.However,hebiaseshisresultsbyconfininghisanalysistotheyearbetween1977and1992,whenviolentcrimerateshadpeakedandvariedlittlefromyeartoyear.Hereportsonlyregressionmodelsthatsupporthisthesisandneglectstomentionthateachofthosemodelsfindapositiverelationshipbetweenviolentcrimeandrealincome,andaninverserelationshipbetweenviolentcrimeandunemployment.

ContrarytoKleckandLott,BellesilesinsiststhatgunsandAmerica’s“gunculture”areresponsibleforAmerica’shighrateofmurder.InBelleville’sopinion,relativelyfewAmericansownedgunsbeforethe1850sorknowhowtouse,maintain,orrepairthem.Asaresult,hesays,gunscontributedlittletothehomiciderate,especiallyamongwhites,whichwasloweverywhere,evenintheSouthandonthefrontier,wherehistoriansonceassumedgunandmurderwenthandinhand.AccordingtoBellesiles,thesepatternschangeddramaticallyaftertheMexicanWarandespeciallyaftertheCivilWar,whengunownershipbecamewidespreadandculturalchangesencouragedtheuseofhandgunstocommandrespectandresolvepersonalandpoliticaldisputes.Theresultwasanunprecedentedwaveofgun-relatedhomicidesthatnevertrulyabated.Tothisday,theUnitedStateshasthehighesthomiciderateofanyindustrialdemocracy.Bellesiles’slowestimatesofgunownershipinearlyAmericaconflict,however,withthoseofeveryhistorianwhohaspreviouslystudiedthesubjectandhasthusfarprovenirreproducible.Everyhomicidestatistichepresentsiseithermisleadingorwrong.

GiventheinfluenceofKleck,Lott,Bellesilesandotherpartisanscholarsonthedebateoverguncontrolandgunrights,wefeltaneedtopulltogetherwhatsocialsciencehistorianshavelearnedtodateaboutthehistoryofgunownershipandgunviolenceinAmerica,andtoconsiderwhatresearchmethodsandprojectsmightincreaseourknowledgeinthenearfuture.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaboutthepublicdebateoverguncontrol?

2.TheauthormentionsKleck,Lott,andBellesilesmainlyto（）.

3.Theauthor’smaincriticismofJohnLottisthathe（）.

4.WithwhichofthefollowingwillBellesilesmostprobablyagree?

5.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

問題1選項

A.IthaslittleinfluenceontheforumsponsoredbytheCrimeandJusticeNetwork.

B.Neithersupportersnoropponentsofguncontrolcitetheworksofscholars.

C.Theworksofmainstreamsocialscientistshavegreatimpactonit.

D.Manysocialsciencehistorianshavesofarfailedtotakepartinit.

問題2選項

A.illustratetheinfluencetheyhaveontheissueofguncontrol

B.refutetheclaimthatprivateownershipoffirearmswilldeterviolentcrimes

C.supportthethesisthatgunownershipleadstomoreviolence

D.demonstratewhyresearchmethodsshouldbeimprovedinthestudyofthegunownershiphistory

問題3選項

A.advocatesprivateownershipoffirearms

B.isnotobjectiveinhisanalysis

C.hasanalyzedawrongperiod

D.hasciteddubiousstatistics

問題4選項

A.Guncontrolshouldbetightened.

B.Gunshavelittletodowithmurder.

C.“Gunculture”wastheresultofhighhomicideratesinAmerica.

D.Thestatisticsthatearlierhistoriansproducedofgunownershipisreliable.

問題5選項

A.resolvingapublicdisputeoverguncontrol

B.describingtheeffectsofearlierstudiesonguncontrol

C.analyzingtheflawsintheprevioustheoriesaboutguncontrol

D.summarizingtherecentdevelopmentinthestudiesofguncontrol

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。下面哪一個關(guān)于公眾對槍支的控制的陳述是正確的？選項A“它對犯罪與司法網(wǎng)創(chuàng)建的論壇的影響很小”；選項B“槍支控制的支持者和反對者都沒有引用學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)”；選項C“主流社會科學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)對其有很大的影響”；選項D“許多社會科學(xué)歷史學(xué)家目前不能夠參與其中”，根據(jù)文章第一段中“Ithasbeendominatedbymainstreamsocialscientistsandhistorians它被主流的社會科學(xué)家和歷史學(xué)家所主導(dǎo)”，可知社會科學(xué)歷史學(xué)家對犯罪與司法網(wǎng)所創(chuàng)建的論壇的影響極大，由此可知其對民眾的看法也具有很大的影響，可知正確答案為選項C。

第2題:推理判斷題。作者提到Kleck，Lott和Bellesiles是為了，選項A“說明他們對槍支控制問題上的影響力”；選項B“反駁個人擁有槍火會阻止暴力犯罪這個觀點(diǎn)”；選項C“支持槍支所有權(quán)會帶來犯罪這個理論”；選項D“論證為何槍支所有權(quán)的歷史研究的研究方法需要改善”，根據(jù)文章第一段中“Ithasbeendominatedbymainstreamsocialscientistsandhistorians,especiallyscholarssuchasGaryKleck,JohnLott,andMichaelBellesiles,whosework,despitepropoundflaws,ispoliticallycongenialtoeitheropponentsorproponentsofguncontrol.它被主流的社會科學(xué)家和歷史學(xué)家所主導(dǎo)，尤其是GaryKleck，JohnLott，和MichaelBellesiles這樣的學(xué)者，他們的理論盡管存在缺陷，但還是被槍支控制問題的反對者和支持者在政治上所擁護(hù)”，可知這些學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)都存在其缺陷，之后作者在介紹他們的觀點(diǎn)的時候也會強(qiáng)調(diào)他們的觀點(diǎn)所存在的一些問題，文章最后一段中得出結(jié)論我們需要運(yùn)用更好的研究方式，了解更多關(guān)于槍支使用權(quán)的歷史知識來更好地了解這個問題，所以作者引用Kleck，Lott和Bellesile是為了論證為何槍支所有權(quán)的歷史研究的研究方法需要改善，故正確答案為選項D。

第3題:推理判斷題。對JohnLott的主要批評是什么，選項A“提倡私人擁有槍支”；選項B“不是客觀的分析”；選項C“分析了一個錯誤的時間”；選項D“引用了可疑的數(shù)據(jù)”，根據(jù)文章第一段末尾“Hereportsonlyregressionmodelsthatsupporthisthesisandneglectstomentionthatechoofthosemodelsfindapositiverelationshipbetweenviolentcrimeandrealincome,andaninverserelationshipbetweenviolentcrimeandunemployment.他只報道了支持他的理論的回歸模型而沒有提及那些模型所反映出來的暴力犯罪與實際收入之間呈正相關(guān)，與失業(yè)問題呈反相關(guān)的問題”，由此可知JohnLott的理論不夠客觀，忽略了很多相關(guān)的因素，故正確答案為選項B。

第4題:推理判斷題。Bellesiles最有可能同意以下哪個觀點(diǎn)？選項A“應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)槍支控制”；選項B“槍支和謀殺沒有任何關(guān)系”；選項C“槍支文化是美國殺人率高的原因”；選項D“早期的歷史學(xué)家提供的關(guān)于擁有槍支的數(shù)據(jù)是值得信賴的”，根據(jù)文章第二段中“Theresultwasanunprecedentedwaveofgun-relatedhomicidesthatnevertrulyabated.結(jié)果是前所未有的與槍支相關(guān)的殺人案，從來沒有真正緩解”，可知Bellesiles會同意的觀點(diǎn)是槍支提高了殺人率，故正確答案為選項C。

第5題:主旨大意題。這篇文章主要關(guān)于……選項A“解決公共爭端槍支管制”；選項B“描述了早期的研究對槍支管制的影響”；選項C“分析先前關(guān)于槍支控制的理論缺陷”；選項D“總結(jié)槍支控制的研究在近幾年內(nèi)的發(fā)展”，這篇文章首先在第一段中作者就提出主流的社會科學(xué)家與歷史學(xué)家的理論存在一些缺陷，并且在分析各學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)的時候都指出了這些缺陷，結(jié)尾也提出我們需要改善研究方法，所以這篇文章主要是為了分析先前關(guān)于槍支控制的理論缺陷，故正確答案為選項C。

7.單選題

Whenyoufillintheapplicationform,pleaseuseyour（

）addresssothatwecancontactyoueasilylater.

問題1選項

A.policy

B.plain

C.permanent

D.principal

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項policy“政策，方針”；B選項plain“平的，簡單的”；C選項permanent“永久的，永恒的”；D選項principal“主要的；資本的”。句意為：當(dāng)您填寫申請表時，請使用您的固定地址，以便我們以后容易聯(lián)系您。C選項permanent“永久的，永恒的”符合語境，正確答案選C。

8.單選題

We’vemadetentativeplansforaholidaybuthaven’tdecidedanythingyet.

問題1選項

A.temporary

B.detailed

C.purposely

D.refreshing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。tentative表示“試驗性的，暫定的，躊躇的”；A項temporary“暫時的，臨時的”，B項detailed“詳細(xì)的，精細(xì)的”，C項purposely“故意地”，D項refreshing“提神的，使清爽的，使人重新振作的”。句意：我們暫定了一個度假計劃，但還沒有決定任何事情。根據(jù)句意可知，tentative在句中表示“暫定的”，A項的意思符合句子。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是20世紀(jì)最重大的科技發(fā)明之一，將深刻地影響人類社會文明進(jìn)程。目前，全世界網(wǎng)民數(shù)量達(dá)到30億，普及率達(dá)到40%，全球范圍內(nèi)實現(xiàn)了網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)、信息互通，世界真正變成了地球村。本次大會回應(yīng)了國際社會的關(guān)切，對于推動全球互聯(lián)網(wǎng)均衡、安全、可持續(xù)發(fā)展，更好發(fā)揮互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展中的重要作用，促進(jìn)各國人民共享互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展成果，增進(jìn)人類福祉，具有十分重要的意義。

【答案】TheInternet,oneofthemostimportantscientificandtechnologicalinventionsofthe20thcentury,willhaveaprofoundimpactontheprogressofhumancivilization.Atpresent,thenumberofInternetusersaroundtheworldhasreached3billion,andtheInternetpopularityratehasreached40%.Internetconnectivityandinformationexchangehavebeenachievedaroundtheworldandtheworldhastrulybecomeaglobalvillage.Thisconferencerespondstotheconcernsoftheinternationalcommunityandisofgreatsignificanceforpromotingthebalance,secureandsustainabledevelopmentoftheglobalInternet,givingfullplaytotheimportantroleoftheInternetintheworld’seconomicandsocialdevelopment,enablingpeopleofallcountriestosharethefruitsofInternetdevelopmentandimprovingthewell-beingofmankind.

10.單選題

Theloudestoutcry（吶喊）aboutpovertyseemedtocomeinthewealthiestcountry-byfar-intheworld.Accordingtomostcalculations,throughmostofthe1945-1970periodtheUnitedStateshadastandardoflivingwellaboveEurope'sandmanytimesabovetheworldaverage.Yetprotestsaboutgrindingpoverty,hunger,anddreadfulneedproceedmorefromtheUnitedStatesthanfromcountrieswithone-fortiethoftheirlivingstandard.（AnannualpercapitaincomeofeightdollarsistypicalofmuchofAfricaandAsiaandnotalittleofSouthAmerica.）Itwouldseemstrangetothesepeople（weretheyonlyawareofthefact）thatAmericanradicalsdemandaretreatfromanAmericancommitmenttothefarcomersoftheglobesothatthemoneythussavedcanbespentraisingthestandardoflivingofunderprivilegedAmericans.

Whatthislastpointsuggestsisnotsomuchthathumanwantsarenevertobesatisfiedthoughthisisdoubtlesstrue,andtheAmericanlivinginsuburbdeprivedofhissecondcarandhiscolorTVsuffersjustasacutelyasanAfricanfarmerinneedofasecondcowandascreendoor.Rather,itsuggeststheextentofcontemporarybreach（違反）ofsocialnorms（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）一theemancipation（解放）oftheindividualself.Peoplehavelearnedthattheirwantsaresacredandrightsoughttobesatisfied.Theyhavelearnedtoconsideranyobstacletopersonalfulfillmentandintolerableinsult.Theyhavegreatlyexpandedthecircleofselfawareness.Theynolongeracceptsharplimitationsonindividualdesiresinthenameofthegroup.Theamountofpotentialhumandiscontenthasalwaysbeeninfinite—misery,failure,misfitting,bitterness,hatred,envybeyondtelling.Ithasusuallyfailedofutterance,andinthepastitwasacceptedpassivelyasbeingbeyondhelp.

1.Accordingtothepassage,mostcomplaintsoverapoorlivingstandardweremadebythosewhocamefrom（）

2.TheaverageincomeforeachAmericanayearduringthe1960swasmostlikelyintheneighborhoodof（）.

3.InordertoimprovethestandardoflivingofpoorAmericans,theextremistsintheStatesdemand（）.

4.Therealcauseforthemostfortunatepeopletoprotestaboutpovertyliesin（）.

5.Fromthelastsentence,itcanbesafelyinferredthatoutcryaboutpovertyineffectinvolvespeoples'（）.

問題1選項

A.theUnitedStates

B.Asiancountries

C.theEuropeanCommunity

D.CommonwealthofNations

問題2選項

A.1,120dollars

B.40dollars

C.320dollars

D.80dollars

問題3選項

A.afulltaxreliefoncitizenslivingoverseas

B.astoptoarmsraceagainstnationsfaraway

C.acutinfinancialassistancetopoorcountries

D.afavorablebalanceoftradewithforeigncountries

問題4選項

A.addedconsciousnessofself

B.theireconomicstatus

C.limitationsofhumannature

D.conflictinclassinterests

問題5選項

A.abilitytosufferahardlife

B.understandingoftheirrights

C.politicalattitudetowardthegovernment

D.wholeoutlookondifferentlifestyles

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段的第三句"...grindingpoverty,hunger,anddreadfulneedproceedmorefromtheUnitedStates..."對極度貧困、饑餓和可怕需求的抗議更多地來自美國。選項A正確。

2.根據(jù)第一段第三句,對極度貧困、饑餓和可怕需求的抗議更多地來自美國,而不是那些生活水平只有美國四十分之一的國家。(非洲和亞洲大部分地區(qū)的年人均收入通常為8美元,南美也不例外。)所以美國年人均收入為320美元。

3.根據(jù)第一段最后一句"...AmericanradicalsdemandaretreatfromanAmericancommitmenttothefarcomersoftheglobe..."美國激進(jìn)分子要求美國放棄對世界上那些遙遠(yuǎn)國家的承諾,這樣節(jié)省下來的錢就可以用來提高美國貧困人口的生活水平。也就是說減少對貧窮國家的財政援助。選項C符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第二段的三四五句"Peoplehavelearnedthat...selfawareness."人們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識到他們的需要是神圣的,權(quán)利應(yīng)該得到滿足。他們學(xué)會了考慮個人成就和無法忍受的侮辱帶來的任何障礙。他們極大地擴(kuò)展了自我意識的圈子。選項A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)句意：它通常無法表達(dá),在過去,人們被動地接受它,認(rèn)為它毫無用處。由此可推斷,"它"指的是人們吃苦耐勞的能力,所以選項A正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

11.填空題

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1-5,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

A.Eyefix-actionsarebrief

B.Toomucheyecontactisinstinctivelyfelttoberude

C.Eyecontactcanbeafriendlysocialsignal

D.Personalitycanaffecthowapersonreactstoeyecontact

E.Biologicalfactorsbehindeyecontactarebeinginvestigated

F.Mostpeoplearenotcomfortableholdingeyecontactwithstrangers

G.Eyecontactcanalsobeaggressive

Inasocialsituation,eyecontactwithanotherpersoncanshowthatyouarepayingattentioninafriendlyway.Butitcanalsobeantagonisticsuchaswhenapoliticalcandidateturnstowardtheircompetitorduringadebateandmakeseyecontactthatsignalshostility.Here'swhathardsciencerevealsabouteyecontact:

1.（

）

Weknowthatatypicalinfantwillinstinctivelygazeintoitsmother'seyes,andshewilllookback.Thismutualgazeisamajorpartoftheattachmentbetweenmotherandchild.Inadulthood,lookingsomeoneelseinapleasantwaycanbeacomplimentarysignofpayingattention.Itcancatchsomeone'sattentioninacrowdedroom,"Eyecontactandsmile"cansignalavailabilityandconfidence,acommon-sensenotionsupportedinstudiesbypsychologistMonicaMoore.

2.（

）

NeuroscientistBonnieAugeungfoundthatthehormoneoxytocinincreasedtheamountofeyecontactfrommentowardtheinterviewerduringabriefinterviewwhenthedirectionoftheirgazewasrecorded.Thiswasalsofoundinhigh-functioningmenwithsomeautisticspectrumsymptoms,whomaytendtoavoideyecontact.Specificbrainregionsthatrespondduringdirectgazearebeingexploredbyotherresearches,usingadvancedmethodsofbrainscanning.

3.（

）

Withtheuseofeye-trackingtechnology,JuliaMinsonoftheHarvardKennedySchoolofGovernmentconcludedthateyecontactcansignalverydifferentkindsofmessages,dependingonthesituation.Whileeyecontactmaybeasignofconnectionortrustinfriendlysituations,it'smorelikelytobeassociatedwithdominanceorintimidationinadversarialsituations.Whetheryou'reapoliticianoraparent,itmightbehelpfultokeepinmindthattryingtomaintaineyecontactmaybackfireifyou'retryingtoconvincesomeonewhohasadifferentsetofbeliefsthanyou,"saidMinson.

4.（

）

Whenwelookatafaceorapicture,oureyespauseononespotatatime,oftenontheeyesormouth.Thesepausestypicallyoccurataboutthreepersecond,andtheeyesthenjumptoanotherspot,untilseveralimportantpointsintheimageareregisteredlikeaseriesofsnapshots.Howthewholeimageisthenassembledandperceivedisstillamysteryalthoughitisthesubjectofcurrentresearch.

5.（

）

Inpeoplewhoscorehighinatestofneuroticism,apersonalitydimensionassociatedwithself-consciousnessandanxiety,eyecontacttriggeredmoreactivityassociatedwithavoidance,accordingtotheFinnishresearcherJariHietanenandcolleagues."Ourfindingsindicatethatpeopledonotonlyfeeldifferentwhentheyarethecentreofattentionbutthattheirbrainreactionsalsodiffer."Amoredirectfindingisthatpeoplewhoscoredhighfornegativeemotionslikeanxietylookedatothersforshorterperiodsoftimeandreportedmorecomfortablefeelingswhenothersdidnotlookdirectlyatthem.

【答案】1.C

2.E

3.G

4.A

5.D

【解析】1.本段第三句說了，“canbeacomplimentarysignificantofpayingattention”，此外本段最后一句也說：眼神接觸和微笑能signalavailabilityandconfidence發(fā)送可用性和自信的信號，都說明眼神接觸是個友善的社交信號。因此選C。

2.本段第一句就出現(xiàn)了hormone荷爾蒙，此外，本段中出現(xiàn)的oxytocin催產(chǎn)素，high-functioning高功能，autisticspectrumsymptoms自閉癥譜系癥狀等詞都說明是在聊生物因素。最后一句中還有explore探索，brainscanning腦部掃描。所以選E。

3.本段第一句就說了eyecontactcansignalverydifferentkindsofmessage,dependingonthesituation眼神接觸根據(jù)不同情況會發(fā)出不同的訊息。下一句主干說在不利環(huán)境中，會與dominance支配orintimidation恫嚇有關(guān)聯(lián)。因此G為正確答案。

4.本段第一句就提到了time，第二句清楚地說到了Thesepausestypicallyoccurataboutthreepersecond，通常每秒三次，充分說明很快，時間很短，所以選A。

5.第一句話中就有personality。在引用中轉(zhuǎn)折之后，說到“butthattheirbrainreactionsalsodiffer人們腦部反應(yīng)不同”，最后一句話更加明確說到高負(fù)能量的人更覺得被人直視令人不舒服。因此選D。

12.單選題

12.

問題1選項

A.Sheisn’tfeelingwell.

B.Sheisunderpressure.

C.Shedoesn’tliketheweather.

D.Sheisfeelingrelieved.

【答案】A

【解析】M:Areyouhavinganyproblemslikeweakness,fatigue,orheadaches?

W:Well,Icertainlyfeltundertheweather.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】常用習(xí)語。女士說Icertainlyfeltundertheweather，即她覺得身體不適。

13.單選題

TheChinesepolarexplorerstookeveryprecautionto（）thedangersoftheirtrip.

問題1選項

A.minimize

B.extinguish

C.shrink

D.prevent

【答案】A

【解析】句意：中國極地探險者采取了一切預(yù)防措施，把旅行的危險降到了最低。選項A符合句意。

14.填空題

[A]Thesetoolscanhelpyouwineveryargument—notintheunhelpfulsenseofbeatingyouropponentsbutinthebettersenseoflearningabouttheissuesthatdividepeople.Learningwhytheydisagreewithusandlearningtotalkandworktogetherwiththem.Ifwereadjustourviewofarguments—fromaverbalfightortennisgametoareasonedexchangethroughwhichweallgainmutualrespect,andunderstanding—thenwechangetheverynatureofwhatitmeansto“win”anargument.

[B]Ofcourse,manydiscussionsarenotsosuccessful.Still,weneedtobecarefulnottoaccuseopponentsofbadargumentstooquickly.Weneedtolearnhowtoevaluatethemproperly.Alargepartofevaluationiscallingoutbadarguments,butwealsoneedtoadmitgoodargumentsbyopponentsandtoapplythesamecriticalstandardstoourselves.Humilityrequiresyoutorecognizeweaknessinyourownargumentsandsometimesalsotoacceptreasonsontheoppositeside.

[C]Noneofthesewillbeeasybutyoucanstartevenifothersrefuseto.Nexttimeyoustateyourposition,formulateanargumentforwhatyouclaimandhonestlyaskyourselfwhetheryourargumentisanygood.Nexttimeyoutalkwithsomeonewhotakesastand,askthemtogiveyouareasonfortheirview.Spellouttheirargumentfullyandcharitably.Assessits