(完整版)Since和for的用法及區(qū)別

Since和for的用法及區(qū)別:一,since的四種用法since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、ago.1990,lastmonth,halfpastsixIhavebeenheresince1990.1990起，我一直在這兒。since+一段時(shí)間+agohavebeenheresincefivemonthsago。自從五個(gè)月前，我已經(jīng)在這丿兒了。since+從句GreatChangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.自從你走后，已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。Itis+—段時(shí)間+since從句istwoyearssinceIbecameanEnglishteacher.我成為英語老師有兩年了。二，Since和for區(qū)別Since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，具體時(shí)間自從lavebeeninBeijingsince2010.、以來，從、、、以后”用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間For+時(shí)間段，用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長度，因此句中的謂語動(dòng)詞，也應(yīng)該是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。IhavebeeninBeijingforoneyear。WehavelearntEnglishforaboutthreeyears.Ihavebeenherefor3days.（對）Ihavearrivedherefor3days.（誤）三，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的概念英語中，動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、動(dòng)作發(fā)生過程的長短，可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。終止性動(dòng)詞也稱非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borro等,buy四、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法特征1?延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其完成時(shí)態(tài)可與表示'段時(shí)間"的狀語連用。表示段時(shí)間"的短語有：fortwoyears,duringthepastthreeyears,sincelastyear,howlor等IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIcamehe從我來到這兒就學(xué)英語了。2.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示短暫時(shí)間的點(diǎn)時(shí)間"狀語連用。如:Itraindateightyesterdaymorning.（誤）rain為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而ateight表示"點(diǎn)時(shí)間"，前后顯然矛盾。如果用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞性動(dòng)詞來表示一瞬間的動(dòng)作，可借助comebeginget等終止性動(dòng)詞來表示。上句可改為：Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.正）又如：-WhendidyougettoknowJack?-Twoyearsago.-Thenyou'veknowneachotherformorethantwoyears.-That'sright.五、終止性動(dòng)詞的用法特征1.終止性動(dòng)詞可用來表示某一動(dòng)作完成，因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如:Thetrainhasarrived.火車到了。Haveyoujoinedthecomputergroup?你加入電腦小組了嗎？2.終止性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)。因此，不可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語用（只限肯定式）。如：（1）他死了三年了。誤：Hehasdiedforthreeyears.正：Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.正：Hediedthreeyearsago.正：Itisthreeyearssincehedied.正：Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied.(2)他來這兒五天了。誤：Hehascomehereforfivedays.正：Hehasbeenhereforfivedays.正：Hecameherefivedaysago.正：Itisfivedayssincehecamehere.正：Fivedayshaspassedsincehecamehere.句中終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達(dá)方式。下面列舉幾例：leave^beaway,borrow*keep,buy^have,begin/starbbeon,die—bedead,moveto—livein,finish—beover,join—bein/beamemberof,opensth—keepsth.open,fall—beill,getu—beup,catchacol—haveacold練習(xí)：用since和for填空twoyears2)twoyearsago3)lastmonth19995)yesterday6)4o'clock7)4hours8)anhourago9)wewerechildren10)lunchtime11)shelefthereHehaslivedinNanjingtheyearbeforelast.I'veknownhimwewerechildren.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanesethreeyears.Shehasbeenawayfromthecityabouttenyears.It'sabouttenyearssheleftthecity.2.短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換延續(xù)性arriveat/insw.getto/e/go/movetosw.fbeinsw./atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethereHegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zHeBeijingfor.ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.ItheUSAsinceIwenthomeyesterday.Ihomefor.Theycameherelastweek.Te/goback,returnfbebackcome/gooutfbeoutHecameouttwoyearsago.Hefor.WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.WetoFuzhousince.becomefbeIbecameateacherin2000.Iateacherfor.Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.

Theriverdirtyfor.closefbeclosedopenfbeopenTheshopclosedtwohoursago.TheshopforThedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoorforsixhours.getupfbeupdiefbedeadleavesw.fbeawayfromsw.fallasleep/gettotsleepfbeasleepfinish/endfbeovermarryfbemarriedIgotuptwohoursago.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zIsince.HeleftFuzhoujustnow.HeFuzhouforfiveminutes.Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpafor.Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeetingforsixhours.Igottosleeptwohoursago.Isince.Theymarriedin1990.Theysince.start/begintodosth.fdosth.beginfbeonIbegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.Iatthisschoolsince.Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilmfor.borrowfkeeplosefnothavebuyfhaveputonfwearcatch/getacoldfhaveacoldgettoknowfknow1)Theyborroweditlastweek.

TOC\o"1-5"\h\zTheyitsince.2）Iboughtapentwohoursago.Iapenfor.3）Igottoknowhimlastyear.Ihimsince.4）Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.Imyglassesfor.have/hasgonetofhavebeenin1）HehasgonetoBeijing.HeBeijingfortwodays.jointheleague/theParty/thearmyfbealeague/aPartymember/asoldierfbeamemberoftheleague/thePartyfbeintheleague/theParty/thearmy1）Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.Heafortwoyears.Heathefortwoyears.Hetheleaguefortwoyears.2）Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.Mybrotherafor.Mybrotherinfortwoyears.3.漢譯英1）這本字典我已買了三年了。2）他離開中國三年了。3）我認(rèn)識他們五年了。4）他們已去了美國五年了。5）自從他搬到福州，他就住這兒了。6）他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚10年。7）我妹妹成為一個(gè)大學(xué)生已經(jīng)三年。8）這會(huì)已開了多長時(shí)間了？9）這門已經(jīng)關(guān)了兩天了。10）我入團(tuán)2年了。Itwoyearsago.Iafortwoyears.Iaoffortwoyears.Ithefortwoyears