2018年度上海松江區(qū)高三英語(yǔ)二模試卷

上海市松江區(qū)2018屆高三第二雯卿中質(zhì)量監(jiān)控英語(yǔ)試題考生注意：1.考試時(shí)間120分鐘。滿分140分。2?本考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分,試卷共12頁(yè)。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。3?答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫考生號(hào)和姓名。ListeningComprehensionSectionA.Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakersAttheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Hewillreview2morelessons.B.Hewillstudytheother20lessons.C.Hewillgooverthe13lessons.D.Hewillstudyallthe15lessons.2.A.HisinjurykepthimathomeB.Hedidn'tthinkitnecessary.C.Hewastooweaktoseethedoctor.D.Hefailedtomakeanappointment.3.A.Thepostoffice.B.MonroeStreet.C.Thecourthouse.D.FourthAvenue.4.A.Disappointed.B.Approving.C.Concerned.D.Doubtful.5.A.Heplayedhispartquitewell.B.Hewasnotdramaticenough.C.Heperformedbetterthanthesecretary.D.Heexaggeratedhispart.6.A.Hewroteabookaboutgreatrestaurants.B.Healwaysmakesreservationsfordinner.C.Hereadabookwhilehewaseatingdinner.D.Healwaysfindsgoodplacestoeat.A.Heisafraidhewon'tbechosenforthetrip.Thebosshasnotdecidedwheretogo.Suchatripisnecessaryforthecompany.It'snotcertainwhetherthetripwilltakeplace.A.It'stooexpensivetogettheapartmentfurnished.Thefurnitureheboughtwasverycheap.

Theapartmentwasprovidedwithsomeoldfurniture.it'shardtofindproperfurnitureforhisapartment.A.Sheisintendedtoworkfortheschoolnewspaper.Themancansparesometimereadingschoolnewspaper.Themanhasaverytightschedule.Themanshouldhavetakenmorethanfiveclasses.A.WhetherthemeetingiscertainlytobeheldonMonday.Whatbadnewswillbetalkedaboutatthemeeting.Whattheyaregoingtodiscussatthemeeting.Wherethemeetingistobeheld.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Appropriatenessoftheprograms.Theoperationofnationalprograms.A.Appropriatenessoftheprograms.Theoperationofnationalprograms.Theincomesofthecorporation.D.Thewelfareofthestaff.A.Bydonationsfromthepublic.B.Bysellingitsprograms.Theincomesofthecorporation.D.Thewelfareofthestaff.A.Bydonationsfromthepublic.B.Bysellingitsprograms.C.Bysellingbroadcastingdevices.Bygettingsupportfromtheroyals.C.Bysellingbroadcastingdevices.Bygettingsupportfromtheroyals.13.A.Itshumorousstyles.13.A.Itshumorousstyles.Therichnessofitsprograms.Famousnewsannouncers.Itsneutralviewsonnews.Famousnewsannouncers.Itsneutralviewsonnews.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Socialprogressandindividualdevelopment.Humanbehaviorsandsocialchanges.Generalconceptsaboutpsychologyandsociology.DRelationshipbetweenculturesandhumanbehaviors.A.Whatistheroleofreligionorartinasociety?Whatisthemainreasonforrevolutioninasociety?Whatarethecausesofantisocialbehavior?D.Whydoesonesocietyprogressmorerapidlythananother?A.Bothpsychologyandsociologystudyhumanbehavior.Mentalproblemsshouldbedealtwithbyasociologist.Sociologyisthestudyofgroupbehavior.Psychologypaysmoreattentiontoindividualsthantogroups.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.Itlooksintoopinionsthatpeopleholdaboutoldage.B.Itisabouthowtokeephealthyinoldage.C.Itinvestigatescausesofoldpeople'sunhappiness.Itrevealsthesecretoflivinglonger.A.Arisepeople'sawarenessofcaringfortheold.B.Encouragepeopletobemoreresponsiblefortheold.C.Helppeoplechangetheirfeelingsaboutoldage.Easepeoplesfearandanxietyaboutmentalillnessoftheold.A.Theyaremostlyamongthe60-70agegroup.B.Theyaremostlyabandonedbytheirfamilies.C.Peopledonotbecomemorelonelybecauseofoldage.DPeopleamonganyagegrouparenotlonelyatall.A.Theyarechangingsuddenlyandcompletelyataparticularage.B.It'shardtorecognizeapersonwhenheisturningold.C.Oldpeoplecan'tdealwitheventsandproblemsproperly.Peopledonotchangeinoldagealotmorethaninmiddleage.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.AuntJaneisnowwelloverseventy,butsheisstillagreatcinema-goer.Thecinemainourtowncloseddownyearsagoandsometimesshehastotraveltwentymilesormoretoseeagoodfilm.AndonceamonthatleastshegoesuptoLondontosee(21)(late)foreignfilms.Ofcourseshecouldseemostofthesefilmsontelevision,buttheideadoesnotattracther."Itisn'tthesame,"shesays."Foronething,thescreen'stoosmall.Besides,Ilikegoingtothecinema!"However,onethingwhichhasalwayspuzzledusisthat(22)AuntJanehaslotsoffriendsandenjoyscompany,shealwaysgoestothecinemaalone.Wediscoveredthereasonforthisonlyrecently-fromMother."ItmaysurpriseyoutoleanthatAuntJanewantedtobeanactresswhenshewasyoung,"shetoldus."Sheusedtowaitoutsidefilmstudiosallday,just(23)(appear)incrowdscenes.Youraunthasprobablyappearedindozensoffilms.Sometimesshedidnotevenknowthenameofthefilmthey(24)(make).Therefore,shecouldn'tgotosee(25)inthefilmatthecinema!"Allthetime,ofcourse,shewaslookingforasmallpartinafilm.Herbigchancecame(26)theystartedtomakeafilminourtown.Janemanagedtomeetthedirectoratapartyandheofferedher(27)roleasashopkeeper.Itreallywasaverysmallpart,butitwasanimportantmomentforJane.Beforethegreatevent,sherehearsedfordays.Infact,sheturnedthesitting-roomintoashop!Weallhadtohelp,goingtoandoutoftheshop(28)shecouldrememberherwordsperfectlyAnd(29)theactualdayshewasmarvelous.Janethoughtthatthiswasthebeginningofherfilmcareer!"Unfortunately,intheend,theydidnotincludetheshopsceneinthefilm.ButnobodytoldJane!WhenthefilmfirstappearedinLondon,shetookallherfriendstoseeit.Andofcourseshewasn'tinit!Itwasaterribleblow!Shestopped(30)(go)tofilmstudiosandgaveuptheideaofbecominganactress.Shestilllovesthecinema,asyouallknow,butfromthatdayshehasalwaysgonealone!"SectionBDirection:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.parallelB.curvesC.dutifullyD.guardE.transformingF.proceedingG.studiesH.perfectI.intenselyJ.moveK.randomizesWhetheryou'retryingtobegoodatPhotoshop,orstepupyourtennisgame,ormasterabanjo（班卓琴）song,you'reprobably31followingtheage-oldadvicethatpracticemakesperfect.However,contrarytopopularbelief,doingthesamethingoverandoveragainmightnotbethemostefficientwaytolearnforeignconcepts.Traditionally,we'retaughtusingthe"blocking"strategy.Thisinstructsustogooverasingleideaagainandagainuntilwe'vemasteredit,before32tothenextconcept.Butseveralnewneurological（神經(jīng)學(xué)的）33showthatanupandcominglearningmethodcalled"interleaving"improvesourabilitytokeepandperformnewskillsoveranytraditionalmeansbyleapsandbounds.Whatinterleavingdoesistospaceoutlearningoveralongerperiodoftime,andit34theinformationweencounterwhenlearninganewskill.So,forexample,insteadoflearningonebanjochordatatimeuntilyou35it,youtraininseveralatonceandinshorterbursts.Oneofthepracticalwaysyoucanuseinterleavingtotrainyourbraintopickupnewskillsquicklyandeffectivelyistopracticemultiple36skillsatonce.Whetheryou'retryingtoimproveyourmotorskillsorcognitive（認(rèn)知的）learningabilities,thekeyto37howyourbrainprocessesnewyourbrainprocessesnewinformationistobreakoutofthehabitoflearningonepartofaskillatatime.Theadvantageofthismethodisthatyourbraindoesn'tgetcomfortableorstoreinformationinyourshort-termmemory.Instead,interleavingcausesyourbrainto38focusandproblem-solveeverystepoftheway,resultingininformationgettingstoredinyourlong-termmemoryinstead.Interleavingdoesn'tcutanycomers,soyourbrainisalwayson39.Thinkofthedifferencebetweenblockingandinterleavinglikeaboxerwhopracticesone40overandoveragainversusaboxerwhopracticesbysparringinthering.Inthering,youhavetobereadyforanything.Itmakesyoufasterandsharper.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirection:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Since1960,considerablescientificresearcheshavebeendoneonchimpsintheirnaturalhabitats.Astonishingly,scientistshavefoundoutthatthesocial41ofChimpsareverysimilartohumans.Chimpswill42incertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavelittleinstinctto43oneanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularly44tosharefoodwiththeirchildren.whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood?Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon't45sharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreatereffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighbortothenextcage,hewillpull46一hejustdoesn'tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.Humanchildren,47,areextremelycooperativeFromtheearliestages,theydecidetohelpothers,toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthis48inaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeaworriedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught,butnaturally49inyoungchildren.Oneisthatthese50appearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotraintheirchildrentobehave51Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligence52inchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitiveskills,atleastwhencomparedwithchimpsIntestsconductedbyTomasello,thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthe53worldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.Thecoreofwhatchildren'smindshaveandchimps'don'tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycan54whatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyondthat,evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa"we",agroupthatintendstoworktowarda(n)55goal.41.AstructuresB.policiesC.behaviorsD.responsibilities42.A.conflictBcooperateC.offendDnegotiate43.A.trustB.contactC.isolateD.help44.A.declineB.manageC.attemptD.oblige45.A.curiouslyB.reluctantlyC.naturallyD.carelessly46.A.inturnB.atrandomC.withcareDinadvance47.A.allinallB.asaresultC.innocaseD.ontheotherhand48.AcooperativenessB.availabilityC.interrelationshipD.attractiveness49.A.cultivatedB.motivatedC.possessedD.stimulated50.A.attitudesB.instinctsC.experiencesD.coincidences51.A.creativelyB.formallyC.sociallyD.competitively52.A.developsB.decreasesC.changesD.disappears53.A.abstractB.invisibleC.imaginaryD.physical54.A.inferB.adaptC.absorbD.balance55.A.realisticB.sharedC.specificD.ambitiousSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AIfadiversurfacestooquickly,hemaysufferthebends.Nitrogen（氦）dissolvedinhisbloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure.Theconsequence,ifthebubblesaccumulate（累積）Inajoint,,issharppainandabentbody—thusthename.Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbrain,theconsequencecanbedeath.Otherair-breathinganimalsalsosufferthisdecompression（減壓）sicknessiftheysurfacetoofast:whales,forexample.Andso,longago,didichthyosaurs.Thattheseancientseaanimalsgotthebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones.Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoffitsbloodsupply.Thiskillsthecellsinthebone,andconsequentlyweakensit,sometimestothepointofcollapse.Fossilbonesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthattheanimaloncehadthebends.BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyofichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast.Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears.Tothisend,heandhiscolleaguestraveledtheworld'snatural-historymuseums,lookingathundredsofichthyosaursfromtheTriassicperiodandfromthelaterJurassicandCretaceousperiods.Whenhestarted,heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils,reflectingtheirgradualevolutionofmeasurestodealwithdecompression.Instead,hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite.Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshadsufferedthebendsbeforetheydied,butnotasingleTriassicspecimen（標(biāo)本）showedevidenceofthatsortofinjury.Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeans,theyclearlydidsoquickly-and,moststrangely,theylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDr.Rothschildthinkshappened.Hesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator（掠食性動(dòng)物）suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodiles,bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceans,bycontrast,weremercifullysharkandcrocodile-free.IntheTriassic,then,ichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchain.IntheJurassicandCretaceous,theywereprey（獵物）aswellaspredator—andoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult.Whichofthefollowingisatypicalsymptomofthebends?AtwistedbodyB.Agradualdecreaseinbloodsupply.C.Asuddenreleaseofnitrogeninblood.D.AdropinbloodpressureThepurposeofRothschild'sstudyistosee___.howoftenichthyosaurscaughtthebendshowichthyosaursadaptedtodecompressionwhyichthyosaursbenttheirbodieswhenichthyosaursbroketheirbonesRothschild'sfindingstatedinParagraph4.confirmedhisassumptionB.speededuphisresearchprocessC.disagreedwithhisassumptionD.changedhisresearchobjectivesRothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaurs.failedtoevolveananti-decompressionmeansgraduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebendsdiedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodilesD.evolvedananti-decompressionmeansbutsoonlostitBHoweverwealthywemaybe,wecanneverfindenoughhoursinthedaytodoeverythingwewant.Economicsdealswiththisproblemthroughtheconceptofopportunitycost,whichsimplyreferstowhethersomeone'stimeormoneycouldbebetterspentonsomethingelse.Everyhourofourtimehasavalue.Foreveryhourweworkatonejobwecouldquiteeasilybedoinganother,orbesleepingorwatchingafilm.Eachoftheseoptionshasadifferentopportunitycost-namely,whattheycostusinmissedopportunities.Sayyouintendtowatchafootballmatchbuttheticketsareexpensiveanditwilltakeyouacoupleofhourstogettoandfromthestadium.Whynot,youmightreason,watchthegamefromhomeandusetheleftovermoneyandtimdiavedinnerwithfriends?This—thealternativeuseofyourcashandtime-istheopportunitycost.Foreconomists,everydecisionismadebyknowledgeofwhatonemustforgo—intermsofmoneyandenjoyment--inordertotakeitup.Byknowingpreciselywhatyouarereceivingandwhatyouaremissingouton,yououghttobeabletomakebetter-informed,morereasonabledecisions.Considerthatmostfamouseconomicruleofall:there'snosuchthingasafreelunch.Evenifsomeoneofferstotakeyououttolunchforfree,thetimeyouwillspendintherestaurantstillcostsyousomethingintermsofforgoneopportunities.Somepeoplefindtheideaofopportunitycostextremelydiscouraging:imaginespendingyourentirelifecalculatingwhetheryourtimewouldbebetterspentelsewheredoingsomethingmoreprofitableorenjoyable.Yet,inasenseit'shumannaturetodopreciselythatweassesstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdecisionsallthetime.Inthebusinessworld,apopularphraseis"valueformoney."Peoplewanttheircashtogoasfaraspossible.However,anotherisfastobtaininganadvantage:"valuefortime."Thebiggestrestrictiononourresourcesisthenumberofhourswecandevotetosomething,sowelooktomaximizethereturnwegetonourinvestmentoftime.Byreadingthispassageyouaregivingoverabitofyourtimewhichcouldbespentdoingotheractivities,suchassleepingandeating.Inreturn,however,thispassagewillhelpyoutothinklikeaneconomist,closelyconsideringtheopportunitycostofeachofyourdecisions.Accordingtothepassage,theconceptof"opportunitycost"isappliedto.makingmoremoneyB.takingmoreopportunitiesC.reducingmissedopportunitiesD.weighingthechoiceofopportunitiesThe"leftovermoneyandtime"inParagraph3probablyreferstothetime.AsparedforwatchingthematchathomeB.takentohavedinnerwithfriendsC.spentonthewaytoandfromthematchD.savedfromnotgoingtowatchthematchWhatareforgoneopportunities?A.Opportunitiesyouforgetindecision-making.Opportunitiesyougiveupforbetterones.Opportunitiesyoumissaccidentally.Opportunitiesyoumakeupfor.COfallthecomponentsofagoodnight'ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontroldreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudstatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguised（偽裝的）shadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears:bythelate1970seneurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust"mentalnoise"—therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemindsemotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis"off-line".Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyinfluencedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter."It'syourdream,"saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter."Ifyoudon'tlikeitchangeit."ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright'sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgenerated（產(chǎn)生）duringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylife.wedon'talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday'sevents—until,itappears,webegintodreams.Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrepeatedbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead;thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.Attheendoftheday,there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingor"wewakeupinapanic,"Cartwrightsays.Terrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople'sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelingSleep—orratherdream—onitandyou'llfeelbetterinthemorning.Bysayingthat"dreamsarepartofthemnd'emotionalthermostat"inparagraph1,theresearchersmeanthat.dreamscanhelpuskeepourmoodcomparativelystabledreamscanbebroughtunderconsciouscontroldreamsrepresentourunconsciousdesiresandfearswecanthinklogicallyinthedreamstooThenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto___.A.becomeworseinourunconsciousmindBdevelopintohappydreamsC.persisttillthetimewefallasleepDshowupindreamsearlyatnightTOC\o"1-5"\h\zThenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto.A.becomeworseinourunconsciousmindB.developintohappydreamsC.persisttillthetimewefallasleepD.showupindreamsearlyatnightCartwrightbelievedwithmuchpractice,wecanleanto.A.controlwhatdreamstodreamB.sleepwellwithoutanydreamsC.wakeupintimetostopthebaddreamsDidentifywhatisupsettingaboutthedreamsCartwrightmightadvisethosewhosometimeshavebaddreamsto.A.leadtheirlifeasusualB.seekprofessionalhelpC.exerciseconsciouscontrolD.avoidanxietyinthedaytimeSectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.TherhythmoflifeisaslightbeatExpertssayeveryaspectofhumanbodiesisinfluencedbydailyrhythms.JennyHopeclaimstohavetestedherbodyclockstothelimit.Thisisakeyreasonwhyshiftworkcancausesomanyproblems.Manypeoplestudythestateoftheirbio-thythmsbeforemakingtheirdailyplans.Suchadangerouscombinationnevergavetheirbodiesnaturalrhythmsachancetosettledown.RhythmofLifeChoosingtherighttimetosleep,thecorrectmomenttomakedecisions,thebesthourtoeat-andevengointohospital—couldbeyourkeytoperfecthealth.Centuriesaftermandiscoveredtherhythmsoftheplanetsandthecyclesofcrops,scientistshavelearnedthatwetoolivebypreciserhythmsthatgoverneverythingfromourbasicbodilyfunctionstomentalskills.Manisaprisoneroftime.Butit'snotjusttheexpertswhoareswitchingontothewayourbodieswork.67PrinceCharlesconsultsachartwhichtellshimwhenhewillbeathispeakonaphysical,emotionalandintellectuallevel.BoxerFrankBrunoisanotherwhochartshisbio-rhythmstoplanforbigfights.68_Sleep,bloodpressure,hormonelevelsandheartbeatallfollowtheirownclocks,whichmaybearonlyslightrelationtoourman-made24-hourcycle.Researchshowsthatinlaboratoryexperimentswhensocialsignalsand,mostimportantly,lightindicatorssuchasdawnaretakenaway,peoplelosetouchwiththe24-hourclockandsleepingpattemschange.Temperatureandheartbeatcycleslengthenandsettleinto"days"lastingabout25hours.Intherealworld,lightanddarkkeepadjustinginternalclocktothe24-hourday.Butthebestindicatorofperformanceisbodytemperature.Asitfallsfroma10p.m.highof37.2°Ctoapre-dawnlowof36.1C,mentalfunctionsfalltoo.69ThemostfamousexampleisthenuclearaccidentatThreeMileIslandintheUS.Thethreeoperatorsinthecontrolroomworkedalternatingweeksofday,eveningandnightshifts.70.Investigatorsbelievethiscausedtheworkerstooverlookawarminglightandfailtocloseanopenvalve.Findingthesecretofwhatmakesustickhaslongfascinatedscientistsandworkdoneoverthelastdecadehasyieldedimportantclues.Theaimistohelpusbecomemoreefficient.Forexample,thetimeweeatmaybeimportantifwewanttomaximizeintellectualorsportingperformance.Thereisalreadyevidencesuggestingthatthetimewhenmedicineisgiventopatientsaffectshowwellitworks.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.QuietVirtue:TheConscientiousTheeverydaysignsofconscientiousness（認(rèn)真盡責(zé)）一beingpunctual,,carefulindoingwork,sef-disciplined.andscrupulous（一絲不茍的）inattendingtoresponsibilities—aretypicalcharacteristicsofthemodelorganizationalcitizen,thepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshould.Theyfollowtherules,helpout,andareconcernedaboutthepeopletheyworkwith.It'stheconscientiousworkerwhohelpsnewcomersorupdatespeoplewhoreturnafteranabsence,whogetstoworkontimeandneverabusessickleaves,whoalwaysgetsthingsdoneondeadline.Conscientiousnessisakeytosuccessinanyfield.Instudiesofjobperformance,outstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobs,fromsemi-skilledlabortosalesandmanagement,dependsonconscientiousness.AmongsalesrepresentativesforalargeAmericancarmanufacturer,thosewhoweremostconscientioushadthelargestvolumeofsales.Conscientiousnessalsooffersabuffer（緩7中）againstthethreatofjoblossintoday'sconstantlychangingmarket,becauseemployeeswiththisqualityareamongthemostvalued.Forthesalesrepresentatives,theirlevelofconscientiousnessmatteredalmostasmuchasthei