2020北師大版必修一語法綜合講義-unit1

2020北師大版必修一語法綜合講義UnitoneLifechoice一.~edQ“gAdjectiveS（本p17）-edadjectiVISAdjectivesthatend‘-ed'describeemotions一theytellushowpeoplefeelaboutsomething.wasveryboredinthemathslesson.Ialmostfellasleep.Hewas|urprisedtoseeHelen.She'dtoldhimshewasgoingtoAustralia.Feelingtiredanddepressed,hewenttobed.-ingadjectivesAdjectivesthatend‘-ing'describethethingthatcausestheemotion一aboringlessonmakesyoufeelbored.Haveyouseenthatfilm?It'sabsolutelyIcouldlistentohimforhours.He'soneofthemostIcan'teatthis!It'sdisgusting!Whatisit?RerestingpeopleI'veevermet.boringbutonlyiftheymakeotherpeoplefeelbored.Hetalksabouttheweatherforhours.He'ssoboring.Verb-edAdjective-ingAdjectivetotiretiredtiringtoexcitetosurprisetointeresttochallengetosatisfy十五組形容詞:encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged受到鼓舞的interesting有趣的interested感興趣的astonishing令人驚呆的astonished驚呆的surprising令人驚奇的surprised感到好奇的moving令人感動(dòng)的moved感動(dòng)的frightening令人害怕的frightened害怕的terrifying令人恐懼terrified感到恐懼的puzzling令人困惑不解的puzzled感到困惑的satisfying令人滿意的satisfied感到滿意的tiring令人厭倦的tired感到厭煩的amazing令人驚訝的amazed感到驚訝的boring令人討厭的bored感到厭煩的exciting令人興奮的excited感到激動(dòng)的touching觸動(dòng)人心的touched感動(dòng)的embarrassing令人尷尬的embarrassed尷尬的【以-ing和-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞用法】1?作表語。(1)以-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征，通常意為“令人……的、使人……的”。e.g.Thestoryismoving.這個(gè)故事是令人感動(dòng)的。Thebookisinteresting.這本書是令人感興趣。（2）以-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞則表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，意為“感到……的”。e.g.Tomisverytired.Tom感到非常累。Heissosurprised.他感到非常吃驚。作定語（1）以-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞表示所修飾的名詞具有的特征。Thisisaninterestinggame.這是一個(gè)很有趣的游戲。（2）以-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞表示所修飾的名詞所處的狀態(tài)。Thetiredboywantstonothing.這個(gè)感到疲勞的男孩不想說話?！疽?ing和-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞的區(qū)別】1?以-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞通常用于說明人，不用于說明事物；即使它們所修飾的名詞是事物，那他們指的也是與該事物相關(guān)的人：Hehadapleasedsmileonhisface.他臉上露出了滿意的笑容。Hetoldmethenewsinaveryexcitedvoice.他（聲音）很激動(dòng)地告訴了我這個(gè)消息。第一句中的apleasedsmile意為“滿意的笑容”，它指的是某人因感到滿意發(fā)出的微笑；第二句中的averyexcitedvoice指的是“很激動(dòng)的聲音”，指的是“某人因很激動(dòng)而發(fā)出那樣的聲音”。原則上，-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞通常直接用于說明人，若修飾事物則多為expression（神態(tài)）、appearance（外貌）、cry（哭聲）、face（表情）、voice（聲音）、mood（情緒）等顯示某人情感狀況的名詞。以-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞主要用于說明事物，表示事物的性質(zhì)或特征，若用于說明人，則表示此人具有此性質(zhì)或此特征：e.g.Thestoryisveryinteresting.這個(gè)故事很有趣Themanisveryinteresting.這個(gè)人很有趣。afrightenedlookafrighteninglookanexcitedtalkanexcitingtalk害怕的表情（指帶有這種“表情”的人感到害怕）嚇人的表情（指這種“表情”令人害怕）心情激動(dòng)的談話（指“談話”的人心情激動(dòng)）令人激動(dòng)的談話（指聽“談話”的人心情激動(dòng)）練習(xí)題】，用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Thisisanbook,andI'minit.(interest)Seeingtheresult,weareall.(disappoint).The(surprise)lookonhisfacesuggestedthathehadn'texpectedthat.這匹受到驚嚇的馬開始跑起來。Thehorsebegantorun.(frighten)Thechildrenwerewhentheysawthe(encourage)film.Tomsoundsvery(interest)inthejob,butI'mnotsurewhetherhecandoitwell.Theresultisoneofthemostofthese.(satisfy)Shewasbecauseheridolwasn'tthere.Shethoughtitwasreally.(disappoint)Theoldmanwasabouthisdaughter.(worry)ThemoviewasandIwascompletelybythismovie.(bore)

ThestorywasandIwasdeeplybythismovie.(move)Thenewswassothatwewereall.(excite)Thepoliceman'strafficdirectionsmadeallthedriversquite(confuse)Thesituationismorethanever.I'maboutwhattodo.(puzzle)Thelookontheboy'sfacesuggestedthathewasatthenews.(frighten)二，單項(xiàng)選擇題Thoughtoseeus,theprofessorgaveusawarmwelcome.A．surprisingB．wassurprisedC．surprisedD．beingsurprisedLucyhasagreatsenseofhumourandalwayskeepshercolleagueswithherstories.A．a(chǎn)musedBA．a(chǎn)musedB．a(chǎn)musing3．ThestoryhetolduswasveryA．moving;moveddeeplyC．moving;moveddeep4．Hetoldmethenewsinanvoice.A．exciteB．excitingC．toamuseD．tobeamusedandwewereB．moved;movingdeeplyD．moved;movingdeepC．excitedD．excitement5．a(chǎn)ndhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.A．SurprisingB．SurprisedD．TobesurprisingCD．Tobesurprising【參考答案】．用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Thisisaninterestingbook,andI'minterestedinit.(interest)Seeingthedisappointingresult,wearealldisappointed(disappoint).Thesurprised(surprise)lookonhisfacesuggestedthathehadn'texpectedthat.Thefrightenedanimalbegantorun.(frighten)Thechildrenwereencouragedwhentheysawtheencouraging(encourage)film.Tomsoundsveryinterested(interest)inthejob,butI'mnotsurewhetherhecandoitwell.Theresultisoneofthemostsatisfyingofthese.(satisfy)Shewasdisappointedbecauseheridolwasn'tthere.Shethoughtitwasreallydisappointing.(disappoint)Theoldmanwasworriedabouthisworryingdaughter.(worry)ThemoviewasboringandIwascompletelyboredbythismovie.(bore)Iwasdeeplymovedbythismovie.(move)Thenewswassoexcitingthatwewereallexcited.(excite)Thepoliceman'sconfusingtrafficdirectionsmadeallthedriversquiteconfused.(confuse)Thesituationismorepuzzlingthanever.I'mpuzzledaboutwhattodo.(puzzle)Thefrightenedlookontheboy'sfacesuggestedthathewasfrightenedatthenews.(frighten)二，單項(xiàng)選擇題Thoughtoseeus,theprofessorgaveusawarmwelcome.【C】A．surprisingB．wassurprisedC．surprisedD．beingsurprisedLucyhasagreatsenseofhumourandalwayskeepshercolleagueswithherstories.【A】A．a(chǎn)musedB．a(chǎn)musingC．toamuseD．tobeamused3．Thestoryhetolduswasveryandwewere.【A】A．moving;moveddeeplyB．moved;movingdeeplyC．moving;moveddeepD．moved;movingdeep4．Hetoldmethenewsinanvoice.【C】A．exciteB．excitingC．excitedD．excitement5．a(chǎn)ndhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize【.B】A．SurprisingB．SurprisedC．BeingsurprisedD．Tobesurprising二二Sentencestructure二二二二二二Membersofthesen&\二二Sentencestructure句子的組成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定的組合關(guān)系，按照不同的關(guān)系，可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。句子成分由詞或詞組充當(dāng)。（課本p19）SentenceBuilderSentenceStructure⑴Wedon'thaveafixedclassroom(who)(do)(what)SubjectVerbObjectWeareinthesameschool.(who)(be)(what)SubjectVerbPredicativeThereisahugegvm(be)(what)ThereBeRealSubjectMvnewschoolgivesmeachance.(who)(do)(who)(what)SubjectVerbIndirectDirectObjectObject

句子成分（英文）s主語SubjectV謂語Verb0賓語ObjectP表語PredicativeAtt定語AttributiveAck狀語AdverbialDO直接賓語DO直接賓語IO間接賓語C賓語補(bǔ)足語A同位語IndirectObjectObjectComplementAppositive【句子成分】①S主語Subject主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者/被說明的主體。可以充當(dāng)主語的成分有：名詞，代詞，名詞化的形容詞，數(shù)詞，動(dòng)詞不定式，名詞化了的動(dòng)詞或從句等。Theweatherbecomescolddaybyday.Itishottoday.Swimmingisagoodsportinsummer.Theyoungaremostlyambitious.②V謂語Verb謂語表示主語的動(dòng)作?；蚓哂械奶卣骱蜖顟B(tài)。謂語動(dòng)詞的位置一般在主語之后。在英語中，動(dòng)詞按作用和功能主要分為兩大類，一類是謂語動(dòng)詞，另一類是非謂語動(dòng)詞。Ilikewalking.IenjoyspeakingEnglish.HereadsEnglisheverymorning.O賓語Object賓語是動(dòng)作的承受著。位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后面。可以做賓語的有：名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞化的形容詞，不定式動(dòng)名詞，或從句等。Ioftenplaybasketball.Ilikeeight.DO直接賓語DirectObjectIO間接賓語IndirectObjectMyparentsboughtmesomefruits.Hegavemeapresentyesterday.P表語Predicative表語是對(duì)主語的說明。說明主語的身份，特征和狀態(tài)。一般位于系動(dòng)詞be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem之后。一般由名詞,代詞,形容詞,數(shù)詞,非謂語動(dòng)詞等。MynewdeskmateisanAmericanboy.Iwillbefifteennextyear.Shelooksbeautiful.Att定語Attributive定語修飾和限定主語或賓語。由名詞,代詞,介詞短語,形容詞,數(shù)詞,非謂語動(dòng)詞,副詞,從句等作定語。單個(gè)的詞作定語常放在它所修飾的詞之前，短語或從句作定語常放在所修飾詞之后。Myschoolislargerthanhers.Shelikestheyellowdress.Thecarwhichisblackismine.Adv狀語Adverbial狀語是修飾和限定動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞和整個(gè)句子的成分。能充當(dāng)狀語的有：副詞，介詞短語，非謂語動(dòng)詞，少數(shù)形容詞，獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，從句等。狀語按其用途可分為：時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，結(jié)果，目的，條件，讓步，程度，方式，伴隨，比較等種類。Frankly,Ihavenomoney.Inordertofindabetterjob,hestudiesveryhard.Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwillstayathome.C賓語補(bǔ)足語ObjectComplement賓語補(bǔ)足語表示對(duì)賓語的補(bǔ)充說明。名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，非謂語動(dòng)詞都可以做賓語補(bǔ)足語Weshouldkeepourroomcleanandtidy.Mymotherdoesn'tallowmetogooutaloneintheevening.Hefounditveryinterestingtorideahorseonthefarm.【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)指的是簡(jiǎn)單句的幾種基本句型：主謂，主謂賓，主系表，主謂間直賓和主謂賓補(bǔ)。主謂S+VTimeflies！Welaughed.主謂賓S+V+OIcanspeakEnglish.Imissmygrandma.主系表S+P常見的系動(dòng)詞是be動(dòng)詞Iamastudent.Englishisveryimportant.主謂間賓直賓S+V+IODOMymotherboughtmeaschoolbag.Myfathertoldmeafunnystory.主謂賓賓補(bǔ)S+V+O+CIfoundmyclassmatesfriendlyandhelpful.主謂狀S+V+AHetalkedtoomuch.主謂賓狀S+V+O+A：Ihadmyfirstmathsclassatseniorhighschool.Therebe...某地有某物Thereisapen,twobooksandatoyinmybag.Therearesomanytreesinourschool.【注】句子成分排序口訣主語在前，謂中間，賓語狀語排后面；短語定語主賓后，形容詞，代詞定語，主賓前；間接賓語若在后，直間要用to，for連；賓補(bǔ)位于賓語后，地狀常在時(shí)狀前。【課堂練習(xí)】Analysebasicsentencestructures.Welaughed.The100-year-oldschoolliesinthecentreofthecity.Wemustact.Themathshomeworkiseasy.Mymumboughtmeanewdictionary.Tomislookingforwardtomeetingthenewexchangestudent.ThereisanEnglishCorneratourschool.Wehadchemistryinthenewlybuiltlab.【參考答案】SV2.SVA3.SV4.SP5.SVOC6.SVIODO7.SVO8.SVOA【跟蹤練習(xí)】3Readthepassageandanalysethestructuresoftheunderlinedsentences.Howwouldyouliketogotoschoolandtraveltheworldatthesametime?ForTim,thatdreamhascometrue!Thisterm,Timandhisclassmatesarelivingonaship!Theytakethesamesubjectsasyoudo,likemathsandEnglish.Theyalsolearnaboutshipsandthesea.Timwriteshisparentsanemaileveryweekandtellsthemwhathappenedontheship,Timloveslivingontheship.There'salwayssomethingexcitingtodo.And,afteralongdayofstudy,helikestowatchthesungodownandwaitforthestarstocomeout,StudyinganddoinghomeworkseemmuchmorefUnwhenyouareatsea!Analysethestructures.Mydreamhascometrue.Timandhisclassmatesarelivingonaship.Theyalsolearnaboutshipsandthesea.Timwriteshisparentsanemaileveryweekandtellsthemwhathappenedothership.Thereisalwayssomethingexcitingtodo.6.Studyinganddoinghomeworkseemmuchmorefun.【參考答案】SV2.SVA3.SVO4.SVIODOVIODO5.THREEBE6.SP申S+V+P?S+V@S+V+O傘S+V+Oi+Od今S+V+O+Oc保持句意不變轉(zhuǎn)換下列句型：HeisourChineseteacher.（用句型命）Hisfavoritefoodisbread.（用句型@）Sheisgoodatdancing.（用句型?）二二INFINITIVES二二二二二二pll二?Readeachsentenceandunderlinetheinfinitive.Doesitfunctionasasubject（主語）,object（賓語），predicative（表語），attribute（定語），adverbial（狀語）orobjectcomplement（賓語補(bǔ)語）?Mymumkeepstellingmetogooutwithmyschoolfriendsinstead.It'simportanttomeetfriendsinpersonfromtimetotime,notjustonsocialmedia.WhenIsetouttodosomething,Idomybesttoachieveit.Mytargetistopreparemyselfformydegreeinbiologyatuniversity.LiYingisthefirstpersontojointhevolunteeringclubinherclass.?Completetheblogentrywiththecorrectformofthewordsinbrackets.Iwakeupatsixo'clockeverymorning.It1（take）melessthan15minutes2（wash）,getchanged,havebreakfastandleavehome.I'malwaysthefirstperson3（get）tomyclass.Themorningsarealwaysverybusyandtheafternoonsareevenbusier!Byaroundfiveo'clock,Iusually4_（find）time5_（do）mypaperworkandpreviewthelessons.Youmaythinkthatit6（be）boring7_（do）thesamethingeveryday,butIlikebeingbusy.（WangQing,16yearsold）【不定式講義】1.請(qǐng)?zhí)畛霾欢ㄊ降南嚓P(guān)形式。不定式：時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)態(tài)被動(dòng)態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式不定式的否定形式：not+不定式請(qǐng)問不定式在句中可作哪些成分？請(qǐng)畫出下列句子中的不定式并說出它是哪種形式。Johnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.（一般式的主動(dòng)態(tài)）Hehatedtobemisunderstoodbyothers.（一般式的被動(dòng)態(tài)）Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.（進(jìn)行式）Heintendedtohavetoldyouthat.（完成式主動(dòng)態(tài)）Thisworkofartseemedtohavebeencreatedseveralcenturiesago.（完成式的被動(dòng)態(tài)）三.典例引領(lǐng)，變式內(nèi)化

(一)動(dòng)詞不定式在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞肿髦髡Z。例：Toseeonceisbetterthantohearahundredtimes.變式訓(xùn)練1：Tomakemoneyisnottheonlypurposeofourlife賺錢不是我們生活的唯一目的在很多情況下，常用it來充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的形式主語。例：ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishverywell對(duì)我們來說學(xué)好英語是非常重要的。變式訓(xùn)練2：Itisnecessaryforustoprotectenvironment.對(duì)我們來說保護(hù)環(huán)境是很有必要的。作賓語，常用在以下動(dòng)詞后：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)例如：Hemanagedtopasstheexam.他成功地通過了考試。Hepromisedtobehereatnine.他答應(yīng)9點(diǎn)鐘到這兒。Ididn'texpecttoseeyouhere.我沒有料到在這兒見到你。在某些復(fù)合賓語中，用it做形式賓語，而把不定式放到后面去。例如：Heconsidereditbettertoleavenow他認(rèn)為最好現(xiàn)在就離開。Ifounditimpossibletofinishtheworkontime.我發(fā)現(xiàn)準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作是不可能的。變式訓(xùn)練1：Ihopetoreceiveyouletter.我希望收到你的來信。變式訓(xùn)練2：IdecidetotakepartintheEnglishspeechcontest.我決定參加英語演講比賽。變式訓(xùn)練3：Hethinkitdifficulttolearngrammer.他覺得學(xué)語法很難°(it做形式賓語)作定語(常置于名詞之后)。由only,last,next序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞常用不定式做定語；不定式還可用作名詞代詞的的賓語(ability,anything,attempt,chance,curiosity,desire,decision,determination,effort,failure,intention,need,nothing,opportunity,place,plan,promise,reason,right,something)例1:Sheisalwaysthefirststudenttoarriveatschool.變式訓(xùn)練1：Heisalwaysthelastonetoleavetheoffice.他總是最后一個(gè)離開辦公室。變式訓(xùn)練2：Idon'tthinkheisthebestmantodothejob.我想他不是做這項(xiàng)工作的最佳人選。例2：Ihavenodesiretotravel.變式訓(xùn)練1：Youhaveatasktofinish.你有一項(xiàng)任務(wù)要完成注：動(dòng)詞不定式to后所接動(dòng)詞若是不及物動(dòng)詞，而不定式與其修飾的動(dòng)詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，這個(gè)不定式后就應(yīng)有必要的介詞。例如：Ihaven'tdecidedwhichhoteltostayat.Ifoundnoonetoplaywith.（4）作狀語例如：Iwalkedslowlyontheiceinordernottofalldown.（不至于跌倒）（表目的）Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.（表結(jié)果）Bthebusleftoneminuteago.C.tellD.totellAthebusleftoneminuteago.C.tobefoundD.findHetriedonlytofail.（結(jié)果沒有成功）Shewashappytohearthenews.（表原因Bthebusleftoneminuteago.C.tellD.totellAthebusleftoneminuteago.C.tobefoundD.findA.tellingB.tobetold變式訓(xùn)練2：Hehurriedtothestation,onlyA.tofindB.found不定式常用于修飾下列形容詞:able,afraid,angry,anxious,apt,careful,careless,certain,clever,considerate,delighted,difficult,eager,easy,fit,frightened,happy,interesting,likely,lucky,quick,ready,reluctant,right,sorry,surprised,sure,thoughtful,thoughtless,unable,unwilling,wrongetc.例如：Frenchisdifficulttolearn.法語難學(xué)。變式訓(xùn)練:I'msorrytointerruptyou,butIhaveto.（interrupt）作獨(dú)立副詞成分。例如：Tospeakfrankly,Idon'tlikeyourattitude.變式訓(xùn)練：Tobehonest,learningEnglishwellisnotdifficult.老實(shí)說，學(xué)好英語并不難。與疑問詞連用。疑問代詞who,what,which和疑問副詞when,where,how等后加動(dòng)詞不定式，構(gòu)成不定式短語，可在句子中作主語、賓語、表語等成分。例如：Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.什么時(shí)候出發(fā)還沒有定。變式訓(xùn)練1：Theproblemishowtogetthereontime.問題是怎樣才能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)哪兒。變式訓(xùn)練2：Hedidn'tknowwhattodonext.他不知道接下來要做什么。變式訓(xùn)練3：Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogotoJapan.我沒有決定是否到日本去。不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由for+名詞或代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、狀語等。例如：ItisnecessaryforyoutofinishtheworkbeforeFriday你們有必要在星期五前做完這項(xiàng)工作。由of引出的不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，經(jīng)常與以下形容詞連用：bold,brave,careless,civil,clever,courageous,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,rash,right,rude,stupid,silly,thoughtful,thoughtless,wrong,wise等。例如：It'skindofyoutosayso.變式訓(xùn)練：It'sbraveofyoutogointotheburningbuildingtosavethebaby你真勇敢，沖進(jìn)著火的大樓里救這個(gè)嬰兒.不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式在有些使役動(dòng)詞及感官動(dòng)詞后可用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watch等。例如：Theteacheroftenmakesmerewritethecomposition.老師讓我把作文重寫。變式訓(xùn)練：將該句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語態(tài)：Iamoftenmadebytheteachertorewritethecomposition.在下列結(jié)構(gòu)后常用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式：hadbetter,wouldrather,cannotbut,cannothelpbut,donothingbut等。例如：I'dbettergonow,orI'llmissthetrain.變式訓(xùn)練：Theycannotbutaccepthisadvice.我只好接受他的建議。在except,but之前有動(dòng)詞do作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，則except,but后一般接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，反之則接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。例如：Thereisnochoicebuttogothere.變式訓(xùn)練：Wehavenochoicebuttowait我們除了等待別無選擇。在why,whynot結(jié)構(gòu)中，緊接其后的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to例如：Whyarguewithhim?變式訓(xùn)練Whynotsendthosebooksback?為什么不把那些書送回去？【目標(biāo)檢測(cè)】1.warmatnight,Iwouldfillthewoodstove,thensetmyalarmclockformidnightsoIcouldrefillit.A．StayingB．StayedC．TostayD．StayVolunteeringgivesyouachancelives,includingyourown.A．changeB．changingC．changedD．tochangeTheairportnextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.A．beingcompletedB．tobecompletedC．completedD．havingbeencompletedIfhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebutanevengreaterchal