2023學(xué)年陜西省漢濱區(qū)恒口高級(jí)中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期一模考試英語(yǔ)試題（含解析）

2023學(xué)年高考英語(yǔ)模擬測(cè)試卷考生須知：1．全卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分，全部在答題紙上作答。選擇題必須用2B鉛筆填涂；非選擇題的答案必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或答字筆寫(xiě)在“答題紙”相應(yīng)位置上。2．請(qǐng)用黑色字跡的鋼筆或答字筆在“答題紙”上先填寫(xiě)姓名和準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)。3．保持卡面清潔，不要折疊，不要弄破、弄皺，在草稿紙、試題卷上答題無(wú)效。第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分30分）1．Newpolicies,_______toinsurethatcompulsoryeducationistrulyfree,________bythelocalgovernmentacrossChinasincethestartofschoolonSeptember1.A．intending;havebeenmadeknown B．intended;havebeenmadeknownC．intending;aremadeknown D．intended;hadmadeknown2．______whathadhappened,theyknewIwouldstruggleandsimplywantedtohelpbecauseitwastherightthingtodo.A．Hearing B．Tohaveheard C．Havingheard D．Heard3．Thoughsmall,thecountryhas_____plantsfromdesertgrassestotropicaljungle.A．extremeB．a(chǎn)bundantC．a(chǎn)rtificialD．poisonous4．DimashappearedonthestageofSinger2017,hisvoiceinstantlywonheartsofChineseaudience.A．AslongasB．AssoonasC．NowthatD．Eversince5．Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,whilein________,knivesandforks.A．a(chǎn)nother B．otherC．others D．theother6．ThatAmericanshavenohistorywhileChinesehavenofuturesounds________;ithasraisedathoughtprovokingquestion,though.A．a(chǎn)rtificialB．a(chǎn)rbitraryC．a(chǎn)llergicD．reluctant7．ManyteacherslikesurfingtheInternet,________theymayfindalotofusefulvideosaboutteaching.A．which B．whereC．when D．that8．Littleaboutherownsafety,thoughshewasingreatdangerherself.A．didRosecare B．RosedidcareC．Rosedoescare D．doesRosecare9．—______yousinganddanceatthislatehourofthenight?—Sorry,Iwillstoprightnow.A．May B．ShallC．Will D．Must10．ManyquestionshavebeenansweredbyJohn.Hemusthavepreviewedthelessonslastnight,____he?A．needn’t B．hasn’t C．didn’t D．mustn’t11．Theclimateconferencewasattendedby11,000people,itthelargestUNgatheringeverheld.A．making B．tomake C．made D．tobemaking12．---TurnofftheTV,Jack.Yourhomeworknow?---Mum,justtenmoreminutes,please.A．ShouldyoubedoingB．Couldn’tyoubedoingC．Shouldn’tyoubedoingD．Willyoubedoing13．--TurnofftheTV,Jack._______yourhomeworknow?--Mum,justtenmoreminutes,please.A．Willyoubedoing B．ShouldyoubedoingC．Shouldn'tyoubedoing D．Couldn’tyoubedoing14．Keepingaregularsleepscheduleisimportantforsettingababy'sbodyclock,_______researchersnoteshouldbeinplacebyabout4monthsofage.A．whose B．which C．when D．where15．HaveyoureadthebookLifeandDeathAreWearingMeOutbyMoYan,_____thatwonhimthe2012NobelPrizeinLiterature?A．theone B．one C．those D．ones16．Sherunsonaverageabout15milesadayeveryday,______thecircumstances.A．whatever B．wherever C．whichever D．however17．Hefelt________ofcheatingintheexam,decidingnevertodosuchthingsagain.A．shame B．a(chǎn)shamedC．sorry D．shameful18．PeopleexpectShanghaiDisneylandParktoofferbetterservicethan________ofTokyo’s.A．this B．it C．one D．that19．______,hisideaswasacceptedbyallthepeopleatthemeeting.A．Strangeasmightitsound B．AsitmightsoundstrangeC．Asstrangeitmightsound D．Strangeasitmightsound20．China’sBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem,whosepositioning________willreach2.5metersby2020,willsoonprovideservicesformorecountries.A．a(chǎn)ccuracy B．categoryC．function D．reference第二部分閱讀理解（滿(mǎn)分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21．（6分）AmericanRosalieStokeisoneofthemillionsofcollegestudentswithabrightfutureaheadofher.ShewasborninBaltimore,Maryland.ShestudieschemicalengineeringattheVirginiaPolytechnicInstituteandStateUniversity,alsoknownasVirginiaTech.Butthe22year-old’spathtocollegewasverydifferentfromthemajorityofAmericanslikeher.IntheUnitedStates，itiscommonforyoungpeopletocompletefouryearsofhighschoolatage17or18.Aftertheyfinishhighschoolinthespring,thosewhodecidetoattendcollegeusuallydosotwo-tothree-monthslater.However,Stokelearnedaboutadifferentwayofdoingthingsfromanolderstudent.Thatstudentsaidthatbeforegoingtocollege,sheworkedforayearhelpingwithchildcareforafamilyinGermany.ThisideaappealedtoStokeverymuch.StokeisinherthirdyearofstudiesatVirginiaTech.Shetookagapyearin2013.“ItjustsoundedlikeareallygreatideatohaveayearofftofigureoutmoreofwhatIwantedtodoincollegeandafter,”shesaid.So,afterfinishinghighschoolin2013,Stokedecidedshealsowantedtotakeagapyearbeforestartingcollege.Infall2013,StokeconnectedwithafamilyinBarcelona,Spain.Theyagreedtoletherlivewiththemandpaidherasmallamounttohelpcarefortheirchildrenforsevenmonths.StokestudiedSpanishduringherfreetimeinBarcelona.Shethenusedmoneyaswellasmoneyfromherparentstotravelfortwomonths.StokesaidthatshefeltdifferentwhenshereturnedtotheUnitedStatestobeginherstudiesatVirginiaTechin2014.Shesaidshefeltateaseandthatsheknewmoreaboutherselfasaperson.Also,whentalkingwithfriendswhowentstraighttocollegefromhighschool,shefoundmanyhadadifficulttimeintheirfirstyearofcollege.1、WhereisStokeuniquecomparedwithmosthighschoolstudents?A．Sheputmoneybeforeeducation.B．Shehadabrightfutureaheadofher.C．Shevaluedpracticemorethantheory.D．Shedidn’tentercollegedirectlyafterhighschool.2、HowdidStokedetermineherstyleofcollegeeducation?A．Shediditquitebyaccident.B．Shewantedtoputoffhercollegegraduation.C．Shewasnotsatisfiedwiththetraditionalway.D．Sheneededtomakeenoughmoneyforcollege.3、WhatdidStokeandtheolderstudenthaveincommon?A．TheybothstudiedSpanishintheirfreetime.B．TheybothworkedforaGermanyfamily.C．Theybothlookedafterkidsforothers.D．TheybothstudiedatVirginiaTech.4、WhatwasStoke’sattitudetowardsherexperiencebeforecollege?A．Cautious.B．Confident.C．Ambiguous.D．Regretful.22．（8分）TimeTravelIfyoucouldtravelintime,wherewouldyougo?PerhapsyouwouldwatchanoriginalperformanceofaShakespeare’splayinElizabethanEngland?WhatabouthangingoutwithLaoziintheSpringandAutumnPeriod?Ormaybeyou'dvoyagefaraheadofthepresentdaytoseewhatthefutureholds.Thepossibilityoftimetravelisindeedappealing.Storiesexploringthesubjecthavebeenaroundforhundredsofyears.Perhapsthebestknownexampleissciencefictionnovel.TheTimeMachine,whichwaswrittenbyH.G.Wellsandpublishedin1895forthefirsttime.Itwasadaptedintoatleasttwofeaturefilmsofthesamename,aswellastwotelevisionversions,andalargenumberofcomicbookadaptations.Itisgenerallycreditedwiththepopularizationoftheconceptoftimetravelusingavehiclethatallowsanoperatortotravelpurposefullyandselectively.Theterm"timemachine",coinedbyWells,isnowuniversallyusedtorefertoavehicletransportingpeopleintothefarfuture.Butcouldtimetravelactuallybepossible?Somescientistssayyes,intheory.Theyproposeusingcracksintimeandspacecalled“wormholes”,whichcouldbeusedasshortcutstootherperiods.Einstein’stheoryofrelativityallowstimetravelinextremecircumstances.AndBritishphysicistStephenHawkingsaysyoucouldtravelintothefuturewithareallyfastspaceshipgoingatnearlythespeedoflight.Thoughbuildingsuchaspaceshipwouldofcoursebenosimpletask.Evenifyoucouldtravelintothepast,thereissomethingcalledthe“grandfatherparadox”.Itaskswhatwouldhappenifatimetravelerweretogobackintimeandhavehisowngrandfatherkilledforsomereason,andthereforepreventhimselffrombeingborn.Ifthetimetravelerwasn’tborn,howwouldhetravelbackintime?Andwouldyoureallyliketovisitthefuture?InH.G.Wells’book,themaincharactertravelsintodistanttimewherehearrivesatabeachandisattackedbygiantcrabs.Hethenvoyages2millionyearsintothefuturewheretheonlylivingthingisablackobjectwithtentacles(觸角).Ifthat’swhat’sinstore,maybewearebetterjustlivinginthepresentdayafterall.1、ThenovelTheTimeMachinementionedinParagraph2aimstoshow______.A．thecontributionofH.G.Wells B．thestory’sdifferentfeaturesC．thelonghistoryoftimetravel D．people’sinterestintimemachine2、Einstein’sandHawking’stheories_____.A．suggestthepossibilitytoinventthetimemachineB．pushtheinventionofthefirstspaceshipC．haveprovedwrongbysometimetravelersD．havesimilaritiesinmanyway3、InParagraph4,“grandfatherparadox”probablyreferstotheideathat______.A．thetravelerispreventedfrommeetinghisgrandfatherB．thegrandfather’sdeathmakesthetraveler’sbirthimpossibleC．thetravelergoesbackintimetoseekforhisgrandfatherD．thereunionofthetravelerandhisgrandfatherbringshappiness4、Accordingtothepassage,whatisprobablytheauthor’sattitudetowardstimetravel?A．Skeptical. B．Unclear.C．Supportive. D．Unconcerned.23．（8分）Theoldsayingthatpracticemakesperfectseemstomakenosensewhenitcomestoschoolwork.Manyeducatorstodayarelookingforevidencetosupportthecaseforhomework,butarecomingupempty-handed.“Homeworkisallpainandnogain,”saysauthorAlfieKohn.Hepointsoutthatnostudyhaseverfoundarelationshipbetweenhomeworkandacademicachievementinelementaryschool.MaryJaneCeraistheacademicadministratorfortheKinoSchool,aprivate,non-profitkindergarten0through-12th-gradeschoolinTucson,Arizona,andshemaintainsano-homeworkpolicyacrossallgrades.Thepurposeofthepolicyistomakesurelearningremainsajoy,notathingthatdiscouragessocialtimeandcreativeactivity.Manysupportersofhomeworkarguethatlifeisfilledwiththingswedon’tliketodo,andthathomeworkteachesself-discipline,timemanagementandothernon-academiclifeskills.Kohnchallengesthispopularidea;hesaysthatifkidshavenochoicewhenitcomestohomework,they’renotreallyexercisingjudgment,andareinsteadlosingtheirsenseofautonomy.AttheKinoSchool,Cerasayschildrenoftenchoosetotaketheirfavoritepartsofschoolhome.“Alotofwhatweseekidsdoingiscontinuingtowriteinjournals,practicingmusicwiththeirfriends,andtakingexperimentshometoshowtheirparents,”shesays.SurveysofKinograduatessuggestthattheearlycontroltheyaregivenovertheireducationcontinuestoservethemwellintocollege,andthattheyfeelbetterequippedtomanagetheirtimeandapproachprofessorswithquestionsthanotherstudentsdo.Oneofthereasonswhywecontinuetoassignhomework,Kohnsays,isourobsession（著迷）withstandardizedtests.Evenifwecanagreeontheimportanceofkidsdoingbetterontests,hesays,thereisnoresearchtosuggestthathomeworkisthetickettosuccess.Whereverthehomeworkdebategoesnext,it’sworthtakingamomenttoexamineifwe’reaskingtherightquestionsaboutourchildren’seducation.1、WhichofthefollowingisKohn’sidea?A．Homeworkteachesstudentslifeskills.B．Standardizedtestsarenotimportantineducation.C．Thequalityofhomeworkislinkedtostudents’interests.D．Homeworkisnotconnectedwithacademicachievementinelementaryschool.2、Accordingtothetext,MaryJaneCera________.A．thinksthatlearningshouldhelpdevelopstudent’screativityB．a(chǎn)rguessomehomeworkshouldbeassignedtostudentsC．findsherstudentscan’tfinishtheirhomeworkontimeD．believesintheconnectionbetweenhomeworkandacademicachievement3、Whatcanweinferfromthefourthparagraph?A．Studentswhosomorehomeworkstudybetter.B．Studentswhorefusehomeworkhavebettertime–managementskills.C．Studentswhohavecontrolovertheirstudiescandobetterincollege.D．Studentswhohavebetterprofessorshavebetteracademicperformance.4、Whatistheattitudeoftheauthortowardshomework?A．Opposed.B．Objective.C．Indifferent.D．Supportive.24．（8分）FridaywouldbeSamiaandSalem’sweddingday!Everyoneinthevillagewasexcitedandwasbusypreparingforthehappyevent.ThevillagerswereveryproudofSalemasheworkedlonghoursandcaredaboutthepeopleinhisvillage.Whileotherswereenjoyingthepreweddingcelebrations,togetherwiththenurses,thegroomwasbusydeliveringababyinhisclinic.Thebridewasinherroomhappilyarrangingherhairandmake-up,gettingreadyforthearrivalofherguests.Herfamilyandfriendshadexcitedlypreparedthehenna(涂指甲花)party.GrandmaandMumwerebusyinthekitchenwiththefoodtheyhadmadeforthehennafeastforthedaybeforeFriday.Samia’sfriendMariamwasmakingtheweddingcake.HerfriendShaikhawascollectingthebride’sdressfromthetailor.At12noonthehennamakerarrived.Followingthetradition,shestarteddecoratingthebride’shands.Therewasanairofexcitementintheroom.Grandmastartedsingingatraditionalfolksong.Suddenly,thebridefeltastrangetingling(麻刺感)inherhand.Itgrewworseandworse.Herhandbecameredandswollensoon.Grandmasaid,“Ohdear,Ithinkitbestthatyouwashyourhandsimmediately.”Asanemergencyfirstaider,MariamsuggestedapplyingsomecoldcreamonSamia’shandandranoffandreturnedwithsomeinherhand.Neitheroftheseworked.MumtookcontrolandphonedSalembutinvain.Withouthesitation,shetookSamiatothehospitalurgentlywithDadandotherfriends.DrAhmedlookedatherhandandsaid,“You’vehadanallergicreactiontothehenna.Tomorrowisyourwedding.Whataboutdrawingthehennausingbodycolors?”Everyonesmiled.1、WhatwasSalemdoingthedaybeforethewedding?A．Workingwiththenurses. B．Decoratingthebride’shands.C．Preparingfortheweddingcake. D．Visitingthetailorfortheweddingsuit.2、WhateventtookplaceinthevillageonThursday?A．Celebratingaweddingceremony. B．Holdingababy’sbirthdayparty.C．Havingafeastparty. D．Orderingtheweddingdress.3、WhydidMariamrunawaywhenshesawwhathappenedtoSamia?A．Togetsomewater. B．Tocallafirstaider.C．ToinformSamia’smother. D．Tofetchsomecream.4、HowdidSamia’smotherfeelfacingtheemergency?A．Regretful. B．Calm. C．Powerful. D．Nervous.25．（10分）SinceAppStorewassetup,ithasbeensellingconsumersonesimplethingchoice.Whetheryouwantedtoplaygames,readthenews,ordoathousandotherthings,therewassomethingforwhateveryoudesired.Thensomethingfunnyhappened.LoggingintotheAppStoretodayislikegoingintoashoppingmallwithonlyacoupon(優(yōu)惠券)foronething:There’ssomuchchoice;itmightbeeasiertogiveupthantochoose.Itisn’tconsumerswhoareburdened,though.Toomuchcontentofallkindsalsohaseconomiceffects.Whencountlesschoicesareavailable,itcausespressure,pushingpricesdownanddrivingusabitcrazy.Sowhatisthewayforward?Itmaywellbetoturnlesschoiceitselftothemarketingstrategy.Therearealreadysignsthatthisishappening.Firstlycontentcompaniesarelookingtopreventtheirofferingsfromgettinglostinthetonsofstuff.MostobviousisDisney,whichisplanningtoopenitsownstreamingservicenextyear.ThepointistonarrowthefocussothatthoseseekingDisneycartoonswillhaveoneplacetogo,ratherthanbeingaroundvariousservices.Yetifthatrepresentsacarefulfirststep,therearemoreextremeoptionstoo.Considertheideaofawineclub:fromtensofthousandsofbottleseachyear,subscriberspaysomeonetoselectthemostinterestingones.Perhapswhatcomesnextfordigitalcontentissimilar-carefullyselectedofferingsfromtrustedsourcesthatputchoicesinthehandsofsomeoneelseinordertogetridoftheanxietyofchoosing.Uptonow,toomuchchoiceindigitalmediahasonlyonesolution:thealgorithm（運(yùn)算法則）．Butwe＇veseenthetroublewithalgorithmsonYouTubeTheyfeedyouonlywhatyou’vealreadysaidyoulike,notthingsyoumaynotknowyoureinto.Worse,theyhaveatendencytoserveupdisturbingcontenthewayforwardcantsimplybemoreorbetteralgorithms.Instead,it'stimefordigitalcompaniestostartthinkingabouthowtoputlimitsonthings:onhowmuchwecanuseadevice,orwhatweareavailabletochoosefrom.Aswemovefurtherintothedigitalrevolution,whatpeopleaskforisclear:Less.1、Whatwilltoomuchchoiceofcontentonthemarketresultin?A．TheshutdownofcompaniesB．TheanxietyofconsumersC．ThepoorqualityofproductsD．Theslowdownofeconomy2、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoParagraphs4and5?A．ContentcompaniesshouldwithdrawtheirofferingsonlineB．ContentcompaniesshouldposttheirofferingsonAppStoreC．ContentcompaniesadoptdifferentmethodstonarrowtheconsumersfocusD．ContentcompaniesopentheirownstreamingservicesonYouTube3、Howdoalgorithmsprobablyrespondtoconsumersneeds?A．TheymakeabetterchoiceforthemB．TheyhelptoremovedisturbingcontentC．TheychangetheirinterestindigitalmediaD．Theyfailtoofferwhattheypossiblylike4、WhatistheauthorsattitudetowardslimitingthechoiceconsumershaveA．Approving.B．SkepticalC．Opposing.D．Neutral第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)．26．（30分）EvenasIwritethisstory,Iamstillsmiling.Thepastfewweekshavebeenrather1,butwhenalargenumberofsmilecardsarrivedinmymailboxtheotherday,havingtraveledfromtheUnitedStatestomyhomeintheNetherlands,Iknewthingswereaboutto2I3wheretoleavethecards:thetrain,benchesatthestation,libraries,mailboxes—thepossibilitieswere4Iwokeup,wenttowork,and5,Iwenttotheshoptobuysomecandybars,6toleavethemasanonymous(匿名的)giftsforpeopleonthetrain7,mytrainhomewasextremely8andIcouldn’tfindaplacetoleavethegifts.Anelderlymanmusthave9mesearchingforaplacetoleavethem,becauseheaskedmeifIwas10something.RightthenI11thatmyfirstsmilecardwouldnotbeanonymous.Withabigsmile,ItoldhimthatIfoundwhatIwaslookingfor,12himthecandybarandacard.Hehadonlyjustfinishedreadingthecard13Iarrivedatmy14andgotoffthetrain,buthewasstillsmilingand15hiscandyasIwavedathimfromthe16Despitehavingworkedforafullday,I17bounced(跳)home.BeforeIenteredmy18,Ideliveredafewmoresmilecardsandcandybarstopeople’smailboxes.Iaddeda(n)19candybarforaneighborwhowasinadifficultfinancialsituation,butworkedhardeverydaytogettheverybestforhisyoungson.Ifiguredtheyboth20atastylittletreat.1、A．joyous B．simple C．tough D．colourful2、A．turnaway B．turnaround C．turnup D．turnin3、A．required B．realized C．declared D．wondered4、A．small B．important C．specific D．endless5、A．otherwise B．a(chǎn)fterwards C．instead D．sometimes6、A．stopping B．continuing C．a(chǎn)greeing D．planning7、A．However B．Besides C．Therefore D．Anyway8、A．special B．common C．crowded D．modern9、A．prevented B．seen C．heard D．left10、A．pickingup B．caringabout C．lookingfor D．referringto11、A．a(chǎn)dvised B．decided C．wished D．ordered12、A．buying B．posting C．sending D．handing13、A．when B．while C．until D．once14、A．hometown B．company C．country D．stop15、A．receiving B．enjoying C．finding D．dividing16、A．entrance B．office C．platform D．bench17、A．tiredly B．excitedly C．fortunately D．carefully18、A．a(chǎn)partment B．farm C．city D．classroom19、A．extra B．perfect C．typical D．ordinary20、A．rejected B．deserved C．a(chǎn)fforded D．forgot第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。27．（15分）Ifyou’reinahurricane(颶風(fēng))-hitareaandplanonridingitout,proper1．(prepare)iskey.Andthereisonethingyoushouldhavearoundatalltimes:aplasticwaterbottle.Why?Whentheweather2．(take)aturnfortheworse,awaterbottleisoneofthemostusefulthings3．youhaveinyourhome.Itmightevensaveyourlife.Severefloodingcausedbyahurricanecanmakethelocaldrinkingwaterdirtywithsome4．(danger)substances.5．(avoid)aseriousillness,it’sbesttostoreplentyofbottledwatertodrinksafely.That’sprettyobvious,ofcourse.Butkeepthoseemptyplasticbottlesaroundafteryoudrink,too,6．theyhavelotsofuncommonuses.Forexample,7．emptywaterbottlecanturnintoawaterfilter(濾水器)ifyouneedtodrinkfromthetap.Ifyourlightsgo8．,don’tgotheold-fashionedwaywithcandles;youcanrelyonyourhandyplasticwaterbottlesonceagain.Simplytapeasmallflashlighttothebottomofthebottle,and9．(it)plastic(andthewaterinside)willamplifytheglow(增強(qiáng)光亮).Thenthelittlelightcan10．(use)tolightuparoomorsendsignalstorescuepersonnel.第四部分寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)（滿(mǎn)分10分）28．（10分）假如英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌的以下作文，文中共有10

處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加，刪除或修改。增加:

在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(/\),并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。刪除:

把多余的詞用斜線(\)

劃掉。修改:

在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。注意:

1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞:2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)

不計(jì)分。Nowadaysmillionsofpeopleofallagetakepleasureinahobbywhichisbothinterestedandfun.Andeveryyearmoreandmorepeoplestartastampcollectionofyourownanddiscoveraninterestwhichcanevenlastlifetime.Startingyourcollectionofstampsareeasybecausetheyarenowhere.Holidayandbirthdaypostcardsandletterssendbyyourfriendsandrelativescanprovideyouforstampsfromallovertheworld.Butonceyou’vestartedcollectingse