木地板與環(huán)境

地板與環(huán)境1目錄一、關(guān)于幾個概念二、全國各地最佳含水率分布三、環(huán)境與地板變形四、關(guān)于地熱五、地板保養(yǎng)之環(huán)境控制2關(guān)于幾個概念空氣濕容量指在一定溫度下，每立方米空氣中的含水量。單位：克/立方米?？諝怙柡蜐袢萘恐冈谝欢囟认?，每立方米空氣中的最大含水量。單位：克/立方米?？諝獾南鄬穸瓤諝獾南鄬穸?空氣實際濕容量÷空氣飽和濕容量×100%（同一溫度下）。含水率

3關(guān)于幾個概念平衡含水率木材放在含有水蒸汽的空氣(濕空氣)中，其含水率最終將會達到與之相適應(yīng)的穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，稱為木材平衡含水率。含水率狀態(tài)，決定于周圍空氣的相對濕度，以及溫度和木材的干濕程度等，它將隨著空氣條件的變化而增大或減少；解吸平衡含水率如果木材的含水率比這種穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)高，木材將會散失水分，最終達到的穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)稱為解吸平衡含水率；吸濕平衡含水率如果木材的含水率低于這種穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，木材將會吸收水分，最終達到的穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)稱為吸濕平衡含水率。4木材吸濕滯后曲線E連接關(guān)于幾個概念5空氣飽和濕容量與溫度的關(guān)系溫度t(℃)濕容量r飽(克/立方米)溫度t(℃)濕容量r飽(克/立方米)-151.394565.42-102.145082.94-53.2455104.2804.8460130.0956.8065161.05109.4070197.951512.8275241.652017.2980292.992523.0385353.23關(guān)于幾個概念6空氣溫度、濕度與地板含水率的關(guān)系各種溫度和濕度條件下地板平衡含水率表相對濕度(%)室內(nèi)溫度℃0510152025303540455004.584.354.123.893.663.443.212.892.752.522.2955.014.774.524.264.033.973.553.303.062.812.57105.505.244.984.724.464.203.933.673.413.152.89156.005.735.455.184.904.634.354.083.803.533.25206.516.235.995.705.415.114.824.534.243.953.66257.206.896.586.275.975.665.355.044.734.424.12307.877.557.226.906.576.255.935.605.284.954.63358.628.287.947.607.266.926.576.235.895.555.21409.439.078.728.368.017.657.296.946.586.235.874510.49.969.599.228.848.478.107.737.366.996.625011.310.910.510.29.769.388.998.618.227.847.455512.512.111.711.311.310.410.09.639.238.828.426013.513.212.712.312.311.511.110.710.39.889.486514.814.414.013.613.612.812.311.911.511.110.77016.315.915.515.115.114.213.813.412.912.512.17517.717.316.916.516.515.715.314.914.414.013.68019.419.018.618.218.217.417.016.616.215.815.48521.320.920.520.120.119.318.918.518.117.717.39023.322.922.622.222.221.421.120.720.320.019.69525.525.224.824.524.523.823.523.122.822.522.110027.927.627.327.027.026.526.225.925.625.325.0關(guān)于幾個概念7全國各地最佳含水率分布E:\連接8地區(qū)1月2月3月4月5月6月7月8月9月10月11月12月平均北京10.310.710.68.59.811.114.715.612.812.010.811.411.4哈爾賓17.215.112.410.810.113.215.014.614.614.012.315.213.6齊齊哈爾16.014.611.99.89.412.513.613.113.812.913.514.512.9佳木斯16.014.813.211.010.313.215.115.014.513.013.914.913.7牡丹江15.814.212.911.110.813.914.515.114.913.714.516.013.9克山18.016.413.510.59.913.315.515.114.913.714.616.114.3長春14.313.811.710.010.113.815.315.714.013.513.814.613.3四平15.213.711.910.010.413.515.015.314.013.514.214.813.2全國各地平衡含水率分布9地區(qū)1月2月3月4月5月6月7月8月9月10月11月12月平均沈陽14.113.112.010.911.413.815.515.613.914.314.214.513.4大連12.612.812.310.612.214.318.316.914.612.512.512.313.0呼和浩特12.511.39.99.18.611.013.012.111.911.112.112.811.2天津11.612.111.69.710.511.914.215.213.212.713.312.112.1太原市12.311.610.99.19.310.612.614.513.812.712.812.611.7石家莊11.912.111.79.99.910.613.714.913.012.812.612.111.8濟南12.312.311.19.69.69.813.415.212.211.012.212.811.7青島13.214.013.913.014.917.120.018.314.312.813.113.514.4全國各地平衡含水率分布10全國各地平衡含水率分布地區(qū)1月2月3月4月5月6月7月8月9月10月11月12月平均鄭州13.214.014.111.210.610.214.014.613.212.413.413.012.4洛陽12.913.513.011.910.610.213.715.711.112.413.212.812.7烏蘭浩特12.511.39.99.18.611.013.012.111.911.112.112.811.2包頭12.211.39.68.58.19.410.812.810.810.811.913.410.7烏魯木齊16.018.815.514.68.58.88.48.08.711.215.918.712.1銀川13.611.910.69.28.89.611.113.512.512.513.814.111.8蘭州13.511.310.19.48.99.310.011.412.112.912.214.311.3西寧12.010.39.79.810.211.112.213.013.012.711.812.811.511地區(qū)1月2月3月4月5月6月7月8月9月10月11月12月平均西安13.714.213.413.113.09.813.715.016.015.515.515.214.3南京市14.915.714.713.914.315.017.115.415.014.814.514.514.9徐州15.714.713.311.812.411.616.216.714.013.013.414.413.9上海15.816.816.515.316.317.917.516.615.814.715.215.916.0蕪湖16.917.117.015.115.516.016.515.715.314.815.916.315.8杭州16.318.016.916.016.016.415.415.716.316.316.717.016.5溫州15.918.119.018.419.719.918.017.017.114.914.915.117.3福州市15.116.817.516.518.017.115.114.815.113.513.414.215.6全國各地平衡含水率分布12地區(qū)1月2月3月4月5月6月7月8月9月10月11月12月平均永安16.517.717.016.917.315.114.514.915.915.216.017.716.3廈門14.515.516.616.417.918.016.515.014.612.613.113.815.2崇安14.716.517.616.016.715.914.814.314.513.213.914.115.0南平15.817.116.616.317.016.714.814.915.614.915.816.416.1武漢市16.416.716.016.015.515.215.315.014.514.514.815.315.4宜昌15.514.715.715.015.815.011.711.111.214.814.415.615.1長沙市18.019.519.218.116.615.514.214.314.715.315.516.116.5衡陽19.020.619.718.916.515.114.113.615.016.719.017.016.9全國各地平衡含水率分布13地區(qū)1月2月3月4月5月6月7月8月9月10月11月12月平均南昌市16.419.318.217.417.016.314.714.115.014.414.715.216.0九江16.017.116.415.715.816.315.315.015.214.715.015.315.8南寧14.716.117.416.615.916.216.116.514.813.613.513.615.4桂林市13.715.416.815.916.015.114.814.812.712.812.612.814.4廣州市13.316.017.317.617.517.516.616.114.113.012.412.915.1?？谑?9.219.117.917.617.116.115.716.518.016.916.117.217.3成都15.916.114.415.014.215.216.816.817.518.317.617.416.0雅安15.215.815.314.713.814.115.616.017.018.817.617.015.7全國各地平衡含水率分布14地區(qū)1月2月3月4月5月6月7月8月9月10月11月12月平均重慶17.415.414.914.714.814.715.414.815.718.118.018.215.9康定12.811.512.213.214.216.216.115.716.816.613.912.613.9宜賓17.016.415.514.914.215.216.215.917.318.717.917.716.3昌都9.48.89.19.59.912.212.713.313.411.99.89.810.3昆明市12.711.010.79.812.415.216.216.315.716.615.314.913.5貴陽市17.716.115.314.615.115.014.715.314.916.015.916.115.4拉薩7.27.27.67.77.610.212.212.711.99.07.27.88.6臺北18.017.917.217.515.916.114.714.715.115.417.016.916.4全國各地平衡含水率分布15各種地板變形量比較實木地板竹地板MDF復(fù)合地板(數(shù)碼)強化復(fù)合地板三層復(fù)合地板多層實木復(fù)合地板環(huán)境與地板變形16各種地板變形量比較環(huán)境與地板變形17多層復(fù)合環(huán)境與地板變形18環(huán)境與地板變形19三層復(fù)合環(huán)境與地板變形20房間寬度m含水率變化值(%)246810123.04.639.2613.9018.5323.1627.793.5

5.4010.8016.2121.627.032.44.0

6.1712.3418.524.6830.8537.034.5

6.9413.8820.8327.7737.7141.665.0

7.7115.4223.1430.8638.5746.285.5

8.4816.9725.4633.9442.4350.916.0

9.2518.5127.7737.0246.2755.536.5

10.0220.0530.0740.1050.1360.157.0

10.7921.6032.3943.1953.9864.7892mm單條寬度0.1420.2830.4250.5670.7090.850MDF（中密度板）復(fù)合地板隨房間和含水率變化的總膨脹量環(huán)境與地板變形21竹地板隨房間和含水率變化的總膨脹量單位:mm竹地板隨房間和含水率變化的總膨脹(單位:mm)房間寬度m含水率變化值(%)1234563.0縱橫1.372.744.115.486.858.22普通7.0814.1621.2428.3235.4042.483.5縱橫1.603.204.806.408.009.60普通8.2616.5224.7833.0441.3049.564.0縱橫1.823.645.467.289.1010.92普通9.4418.8828.3237.7647.2056.644.5縱橫2.054.106.158.2010.2512.30普通10.6221.2431.8642.4853.1063.725.0縱橫2.284.566.849.1211.4013.68普通11.8023.6035.4047.2059.0070.805.5縱橫2.515.027.5310.0412.5515.06普通12.9825.9638.9451.9264.9077.886.0縱橫2.745.488.2210.9613.7016.44普通14.1628.3242.4856.6470.7884.966.5縱橫2.965.928.8811.8414.8017.76普通15.3430.6846.0261.3676.7092.047.0縱橫3.206.409.6012.816.019.2普通16.5233.0449.5666.0882.6099.1292mm單條縱橫0.0420.0830.1260.1660.2100.252普通0.2150.4290.6450.8601.0751.290環(huán)境與地板變形22各種實木地板隨房間和含水率變化的總膨脹量

環(huán)境與地板變形23各種實木地板隨房間和含水率變化的總膨脹量

環(huán)境與地板變形24各種實木地板隨房間和含水率變化的總膨脹量

環(huán)境與地板變形25各種實木地板隨房間和含水率變化的總膨脹量

環(huán)境與地板變形26各種實木地板隨房間和含水率變化的總膨脹量

環(huán)境與地板變形27各種實木地板隨房間和含水率變化的總膨脹量

環(huán)境與地板變形28各種實木地板隨房間和含水率變化的總膨脹量

環(huán)境與地板變形29樹種穩(wěn)定系數(shù)(%)樹種變形系數(shù)樹種名稱0.120.15/0.10=1.46緬茄類房間寬度m地板鋪裝后含水率變化與膨脹量的關(guān)系(含水率%,變化量mm)1234567893.03.607.2010.814.418.021.6025.228.832.43.54.208.4012.616.821.025.229.433.637.84.04.809.6014.419.224.028.833.638.443.24.55.4010.816.221.627.032.437.843.248.65.06.0012.018.024.030.036.042.048.054.05.56.6013.219.826.433.039.646.252.859.46.07.2014.421.628.836.043.250.457.664.86.57.8015.623.431.239.046.854.662.470.27.08.4016.825.233.642.050.458.867.275.6單條地板920.140.280.410.550.690.830.971.101.241250.190.380.560.750.941.131.311.501.69各種實木地板隨房間和含水率變化的總膨脹量

環(huán)境與地板變形30樹種穩(wěn)定系數(shù)(%)樹種變形系數(shù)樹種名稱0.150.21/0.10=2.1波羅蜜類房間寬度m地板鋪裝后含水率變化與膨脹量的關(guān)系(含水率%,變化量mm)1234567893.04.509.0013.518.022.527.021.536.040.53.55.2510.515.721.026.331.536.742.047.34.06.0012.018.024.030.036.042.048.054.04.56.7513.520.327.033.840.547.354.060.85.07.5015.022.530.037.545.052.560.067.55.58.2516.524.833.041.2549.557.866.074.36.09.0018.027.036.045.054.063.072.081.06.59.7519.529.339.048.858.568.378.087.97.010.521.031.542.052.563.073.584.094.5單條地板920.190.390.580.770.971.161.351.551.741250.260.530.791.051.311.581.842.102.36各種實木地板隨房間和含水率變化的總膨脹量

環(huán)境與地板變形31鮑迪豆類樹種穩(wěn)定系數(shù)(%)樹種變形系數(shù)樹種名稱0.230.28/0.18=1.56鮑迪豆類房間寬度m地板鋪裝后含水率變化與膨脹量的關(guān)系(含水率%,變化量mm)1234567893.06.9013.820.727.634.541.448.355.262.13.58.0516.124.232.240.348.356.464.472.54.09.2018.427.636.846.055.264.473.682.84.510.420.731.141.451.862.174.582.893.25.011.523.034.546.057.569.080.592.01045.512.725.338.050.663.375.988.61011146.013.827.641.455.269.082.896.61101246.515.029.944.959.874.889.71051201357.016.132.248.364.480.596.6113129145單條地板920.260.520.771.031.291.551.802.062.321250.350.701.051.401.752.102.452.803.15各種實木地板隨房間和含水率變化的總膨脹量

環(huán)境與地板變形32異翅香類樹種穩(wěn)定系數(shù)(%)樹種變形系數(shù)樹種名稱0.130.17/0.10=1.70綠柄桑類房間寬度m地板鋪裝后含水率變化與膨脹量的關(guān)系(含水率%,變化量mm)1234567893.03.907.8011.715.619.523.427.331.235.13.54.559.1013.6518.222.727.331.936.440.94.05.2010.415.620.826.031.236.441.646.84.55.8511.717.623.429.335.140.946.852.655.06.5013.019.526.032.539.045.552.058.55.57.1514.321.528.635.842.950.157.264.46.07.8015.623.431.239.046.854.662.470.26.58.4516.925.433.842.350.759.267.676.17.09.1018.227.336.445.554.663.772.881.9單條地板920.160.310.470.630.780.941.091.251.411250.210.430.640.851.061.281.491.701.91各種實木地板隨房間和含水率變化的總膨脹量

環(huán)境與地板變形33樹種穩(wěn)定系數(shù)(%)樹種變形系數(shù)樹種名稱0.220.27/0.16=1.69摘亞木類房間寬度m地板鋪裝后含水率變化與膨脹量的關(guān)系(含水率%,變化量mm)1234567893.06.6013.219.826.433.039.646.252.859.43.57.7015.423.130.838.546.253.961.669.34.08.8017.626.435.244.052.861.670.479.24.59.9019.829.739.649.559.469.379.289.15.011.022.033.044.055.066.077.088.099.05.512.124.236.348.460.572.684.796.81096.013.226.439.652.866.079.292.41061196.514.328.642.957.271.585.81001141297.015.430.846.261.677.092.4108123139單條地板920.250.500.751.001.251.501.752.002.251250.340.681.011.351.692.032.362.703.04各種實木地板隨房間和含水率變化的總膨脹量

環(huán)境與地板變形34樹種穩(wěn)定系數(shù)(%)樹種變形系數(shù)樹種名稱0.270.36/0.185=1.96龍腦香木類房間寬度m地板鋪裝后含水率變化與膨脹量的關(guān)系(含水率%,變化量mm)1234567893.08.1016.224.332.440.548.656.764.872.93.59.4518.928.437.847.356.766.275.685.14.010.821.632.443.254.064.875.686.497.24.512.224.336.548.660.872.985.197.21095.013.527.040.554.067.581.094.51081225.514.929.744.659.474.489.11041191346.016.232.448.664.881.097.21131301466.517.635.152.770.287.81051231401587.018.937.856.775.694.5113132151170單條地板920.330.660.991.321.661.992.322.652.981250.450.901.351.802.252.703.153.604.05各種實木地板隨房間和含水率變化的總膨脹量

環(huán)境與地板變形35樹種穩(wěn)定系數(shù)(%)樹種變形系數(shù)樹種名稱0.400.48/0.32=1.49格木類房間寬度m地板鋪裝后含水率變化與膨脹量的關(guān)系(含水率%,變化量mm)1234567893.012.024.036.048.060.072.084.096.01083.514.028.042.056.070.084.098.01121264.016.032.048.064.080.096.01121281444.518.036.054.072.090.01081261441625.020.040.060.080.01001201401601805.522.044.066.088.01101321541761986.024.048.072.096.01201441681922166.526.052.078.01041301561822082347.028.056.084.0112140168196224252單條地板920.440.881.321.772.212.653.093.533.971250.601.201.802.403.003.604.204.805.40各種實木地板隨房間和含水率變化的總膨脹量

環(huán)境與地板變形36樹種穩(wěn)定系數(shù)(%)樹種變形系數(shù)樹種名稱0.200.26/0.14=1.85坤甸鐵樟木類房間寬度m地板鋪裝后含水率變化與膨脹量的關(guān)系(含水率%,變化量mm)1234567893.06.0012.018.024.030.036.042.048.054.03.57.0014.021.028.035.042.049.056.063.04.08.0016.024.032.040.048.056.064.072.04.59.0018.027.036.045.054.063.072.081.05.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.05.511.022.033.044.055.066.077.088.099.06.012.024.036.048.060.072.084.096.01086.513.026.039.052.065.078.091.01041177.014.028.042.056.070.084.098.0112126單條地板920.240.480.720.961.201.441.671.912.151250.330.650.981.301.631.952.282.502.93各種實木地板隨房間和含水率變化的總膨脹量

環(huán)境與地板變形37樹種穩(wěn)定系數(shù)(%)樹種變形系數(shù)樹種名稱0.230.286/0.18=1.59重蟻木類房間寬度m地板鋪裝后含水率變化與膨脹量的關(guān)系(含水率%,變化量mm)1234567893.06.9013.820.727.634.541.448.355.262.13.58.0516.124.232.240.348.356.464.472.54.09.2018.427.636.846.055.264.473.682.84.510.420.731.141.451.862.174.582.893.25.011.523.034.546.057.569.080.592.01045.512.725.338.050.663.375.988.61011146.013.827.641.455.269.082.896.61101246.515.029.944.959.874.889.71051201357.016.132.248.364.480.596.6113129145單條地板920.190.390.580.770.971.161.351.551.741250.260.530.791.051.311.581.842.102.36各種實木地板隨房間和含水率變化的總膨脹量

環(huán)境與地板變形38樹種穩(wěn)定系數(shù)(%)樹種變形系數(shù)樹種名稱0.330.38/0.27=1.4紅鐵木類房間寬度m地板鋪裝后含水率變化與膨脹量的關(guān)系(含水率%,變化量mm)1234567893.09.9019.829.739.649.559.469.379.289.13.511.223.134.756.257.869.380.992.41044.013.226.439.652.866.079.292.41061194.514.929.744.659.474.389.11041191345.016.533.049.566.082.599.01161321495.518.236.354.572.690.11091271451636.019.839.659.479.299.01191391581786.521.542.964.485.81071291501721937.023.146.269.392.4116139162185208單條地板920.350.701.051.401.752.102.452.803.151250.480.951.431.902.382.853.333.804.28各種實木地板隨房間和含水率變化的總膨脹量

環(huán)境與地板變形39東北華北西北地區(qū)地熱供暖情況管道入口溫度60~65℃左右地表40℃左右地板背板溫度35℃左右地板表面溫度25~30℃左右關(guān)于地熱40各種環(huán)境空氣的相對濕度北方正常供暖時空氣相對濕度50~60%干熱環(huán)境冬季空相對濕度平30~40%北方地區(qū)6~9月空氣相對濕度60~65%地熱供暖時相對濕度20~30%關(guān)于地熱41各種相對濕度地板的含水率北方正常供暖時地板平衡含水率8~9%北方干熱環(huán)境地板平衡含水率6~7%北方地熱供暖時地板平衡含水率4~5%北方地區(qū)6~9月地板平衡含水率12~13%關(guān)于地熱42關(guān)于地熱43條件普通干熱地熱強化0.280.420.56MDF復(fù)合0.290.440.55三層復(fù)合0.240.370.45多層復(fù)合0.080.120.16甘巴豆弦切1.522.283.04黃檀弦切1.682.523.36白樺1.241.862.48鐵線子1.201.802.40

92MM地熱條件下各種地板縫隙關(guān)于地熱44125MM地熱條件下各種地板縫隙條件普通干熱地熱強化0.3780.5670.756MDF復(fù)合0.3800.5940.743三層復(fù)合0.3240.4730.608多層復(fù)合0.1080.1620.216甘巴豆弦切2.053.084.10黃檀弦切2.273.404.54白樺1.672.513.35鐵線子1.622.433.24關(guān)于地熱45地板保養(yǎng)之環(huán)境控制正確的地板安裝（控制水汽）；正確的保養(yǎng)方式：保持空氣濕度（通風干燥、加濕）；定期進行地板打蠟，可延遲地板含水率的變化。全國各地室內(nèi)環(huán)境濕度控制46地板的含水率%時間各種狀態(tài)地板吸潮時間普通地板防潮處理地板防潮處理正確安裝、保養(yǎng)合理的地板溫度25℃、濕度為80%條件下的平衡含水率為17%地板保養(yǎng)之環(huán)境控制47地板的含水率%剛安裝防潮不當正常區(qū)干燥區(qū)正常區(qū)地板安裝不當狀態(tài)下含水率變化曲線地板保養(yǎng)之環(huán)境控制48地板的含水率%防潮措施有效正常區(qū)干燥區(qū)正常區(qū)地板正確安裝狀態(tài)下含水率變化曲線地板保養(yǎng)之環(huán)境控制49地板的含水率%正常區(qū)加濕控制正常區(qū)地板在正確安裝及有效控制濕度后的含水率變化曲線防潮措施有效地板保養(yǎng)之環(huán)境控制50南北方地板在不同環(huán)境控制狀態(tài)下含水率變化情況地板保養(yǎng)之環(huán)境控制51地板保養(yǎng)之環(huán)境控制527%分布地板保養(yǎng)之環(huán)境控制53例子西藏拉薩市(未控制)空氣溫度、相對濕度和木材平衡含水率估計值

月份一月二月三月四月五月六月七月八月九月十月十一月十二月年平均溫度T(℃)-1.61.55.28.412.315.915.714.712.98.72.9-1.28濕度(%)28262736445162666349383444平衡含水率(%)6.05.65.77.08.29.411.612.511.99.27.46.88.320%15%10%5%含水率含水率變化曲線最大值:12.5%最小值5.6%最大極差:6.9%地板保養(yǎng)之環(huán)境控制54安徽省西藏拉薩市(控制50%)空氣溫度、相對濕度和木材平衡含水率估計值

月份一月二月三月四月五月六月七月八月九月十月十一月十二月年平均溫度T(℃)-1.61.55.28.412.315.915.714.712.98.72.9-1.28濕度(%)28262736445162666349383444平衡含水率(%)6.05.65.77.08.29.411.612.511.99.27.46.88.320%15%10%5%含水率含水率變化曲線最大極差:1.3%最小值:8.5%最大值:10%地板保養(yǎng)之環(huán)境控制55地板保養(yǎng)之環(huán)境控制56例子安徽省北京市空氣溫度、相對濕度和木材平衡含水率估計值

月份一月二月三月四月五月六月七月八月九月十月十一月十二月年平均溫度T(℃)--3.7--0.75.814.219.924.426.224.82013.14.6--1.512.3濕度(%)44444646536175776861574957平衡含水率(%)8.58.58.78.59.611.