考研考博-英語-山東工業(yè)職業(yè)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東工業(yè)職業(yè)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

TheAmericanstudentscametoourschoolinNovember,andwethenmadea（）visittotheirs.

問題1選項

A.bilateral

B.reciprocal

C.considerate

D.rewarding

【答案】A

【解析】近義詞辨析。Bilateral“雙邊的、雙方的”，reciprocal“互惠的，相應的”，considerate“體貼的，考慮周到的”，rewarding“有益的”。句意：11月份美國學生來我校參觀，我們也要參觀他們的學校。選項A符合題意。

2.單選題

To（

）people’shungerforadventures,theycameupwithmanyhigh-techvideogames.

問題1選項

A.enhance

B.beautify

C.appease

D.nullify

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。Enhance“加強”；beautify“美化”；appease“使平息，使?jié)M足”；nullify“使無效，作廢”。句意：為了滿足人們對冒險的渴望，他們想出了許多高科技電子游戲。選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Theywereproudoftheircuisine.

B.Theywereparticularaboutfood.

C.Theywereallgoodatcooking.

D.Theywerefondofbaconandeggs.

問題2選項

A.Hisparents.

B.Hisparents’friends.

C.Hisfriends.

D.Hisschoolmates.

問題3選項

A.Nooneofthegroupateit.

B.Itwasalittleovercooked.

C.Noteawasservedwiththemeal.

D.ItwastherealEnglishbreakfast.

問題4選項

A.Itwasfullofexcitement.

B.Itwasratherdisappointing.

C.Itwasariskyexperience.

D.Itwasreallyextraordinary.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】ConversationOne

M:Guesswhat?TheworstfoodIeverhadwasinFrance.

W:Really?That’sodd.[1]IthoughttheFrenchwereallgoodcooks.

M:Yes,that’sright.Isupposeit’sreallylikeanywhereelsethough.Youknow,someplacesaregood,somebad.Butit’sreallyallourownfault.

W:Whatdoyoumean?

M:Well,itwasthefirsttimeI’dbeentoFrance.ThiswasyearsagowhenIwasatschool.[2]Iwenttherewithmyparents’friendsfrommyfather’sschool.TheyhiredacoachtotakethemtoSwitzerland.

W:Aschooltrip?

M:Right.Mostofthemhadneverbeenabroadbefore.We’dcrossedtheEnglishChannelatnightandwesetoffthroughFranceandbreakfasttimearrived,andthecoachdriverhadarrangedforustostopatthislittlecafe.Thereweallweretiredandhungryandthenwemadeagreatdiscovery.

W:Whatwasthat?

M:Baconandeggs.

W:Fantastic!TherealEnglishbreakfast.

M:Yes,anywaywedidn’tknowanybetter—sowehadit,andugh…!

W:Whatwasitlike?Disgusting?

M:Ah,itwasincredible.Theyjustgotabowlandputsomefatinit.Andthentheyputsomebaconinthefat,brokeaneggoverthetopandputthewholelotintheovenforabouttenminutes.

W:Intheoven?You’rejoking.Youcan’tcookbaconandeggsintheoven!

M:Well,theymusthavedoneitthatway.Itwashot,butitwasn’tcooked.Therewasjustthiseggfloatingaboutingallonsoffatandrawbacon.

W:[3]Didyouactuallyeatit?

M:[3]No,nobodydid.Theyallwantedtoturnroundandgohome.Youknow,backtoteabagsandfishandchips.Youcan’tblamethemreally.Anyway,thenextnightwewereallgivenanotherforeignspeciality.

W:Whatwasthat?

M:[4]Snails——thatreallyfinishedthemoff.Lovelyholidaythatwas!

1.WhatdidthewomanthinkoftheFrench?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問女士認為法國人怎么樣？錄音開頭，男士對女士說他吃過最糟糕的食物是在法國，女士聽后表示驚訝，因為她認為法國人都是很好的廚師。C選項“法國人都很擅長烹飪食物”是對錄音原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，因此正確。A選項“他們對自家的烹飪感到自豪”；B選項“他們對食物很講究”和D選項“他們喜歡培根和雞蛋”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此可排除。

2.WhodidthemantravelwithonhisfirsttriptoSwitzerland?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問男士第一次去瑞士的時候是和誰一起去的？錄音中提及男士第一次去法國是跟隨他父母的朋友一起去的。因此B選項“他父母的朋友”正確。A選項“他的父母”和C選項“他的明友”均是利用錄音中個別字詞斷章取義；D選項“他的同學”是利用錄音中的whenIwasatschool設(shè)置的干擾項，也可排除。

3.WhatdoesthemansayaboutthebreakfastatthelittleFrenchcafe?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于法國小咖啡館的早餐，男士說了些什么？男士描述了那家法國小咖啡館如何烹飪培根和雞蛋后，女士問男士到底有沒有吃上這道菜，男士馬上說沒有人愿意吃。因此A選項“沒有人吃它”正確。B選項“它煮得有點久”在錄音中并沒有提及；C選項“用餐時沒有配上茶水”只是利用錄音中的teabags作干擾，錄音中并沒有提及是否配有茶水，因此可排除；D選項“它是真正的英式早餐”，在錄音中確實有出現(xiàn)，但這是女士的觀點并不是男士提出來的，不符合題意，因此也可排除。

4.WhatdidthemanthinkofhisholidayinFrance?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問男士認為他在法國的假期怎么樣？在錄音的最后，男士感嘆道：“真是個美好的假期啊！”但是根據(jù)前面錄音男士對那次法國之旅的一系列描述來看，那個假期給他留下的印象并不是很好。由此可知，他最后說的那句實際上是反話。因此，B選項“它相當令人失望”正確。A選項“它實在令人興奮”；C選項“它是一個冒險的經(jīng)歷”和D選項“它真的很特別”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

4.單選題

Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute（）.

問題1選項

A.beingsettled

B.tobesettled

C.hadsettled

D.assettled

【答案】D

【解析】句意:經(jīng)過幾次談話，雙方都認為這個領(lǐng)土紛爭已經(jīng)解決了。

考查固定搭配。regardsth.asdone將某事看做已經(jīng)完成了的事。因此選D項。

5.單選題

Thehumanvoiceoftensounds（）onthephone.

問題1選項

A.twisted

B.irregular

C.deformed

D.distorted

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項twistedadj.扭曲的；B選項irregularadj.不規(guī)則的，無整齊的；C選項deformedadj.丑陋的，畸形的；D選項distortedadj.歪曲的，失真的，受到曲解的。根據(jù)humanvoice可知，D項符合搭配。句意：人聲在電話里聽起來總是有些失真。

6.問答題

Manygovernmentsaregrowingincreasinglydeterminedtostampoutthathasbeenreferred

A

B

C

toasthe“corruptioneruption”.

D

【答案】試題答案：C;what

【解析】考查關(guān)系代詞。that不能充當賓語從句中的主語，分析句子可知從句中缺少主語，因此將that改為what。

7.翻譯題

Incomparisonwiththehumanworldofpasttimes,ourworldishighlycomplex.Becauseofitshighlydevelopedcommunications,eventsineverypartoftheglobeandofhumansocietyarecloselyinterconnected.Therearenoisolateddisastersandthereisnoprogressthatdoesnothelptheprogressofall.

Thissituationisreflectedinthemindsofmen.Thecontentsofmen'smindshavealsobecomeworldwideinscopeandcomplexity.Itisnotenoughforaman,seekingthewelfareofhisownpeopleandcountry,toconsiderhisdomesticsituationinrelationtohisimmediateneighbors.Worldtrendsencompasseveryoneofus,anditisbyparticipatinginthemandcontributinginthemthatweinfluenceourownfuture.Thehighesttaskbeforemen'smindstodayistounderstand,tofightagainsttheforcesofregressionanddeath,tostrengthenandconvertintorealitythepossibilitywhichourworldoffers,asnopreviousworldhasoffered,forafullerlifeforallmen.

【答案】和過去的人類世界相比，我們今天的世界太復雜了。由于通訊高度發(fā)達，地球上每一個角落和人類社會的各個部分發(fā)生的事情都緊密相連。沒有與世隔絕的荒原，也沒有哪一項進步不有益于全世界的進步。

這種情況反應到人的頭腦中。人們思維的內(nèi)容就其視野及復雜性來說也涉及世界范圍。對于為自己的人民和國家謀福利的人來說，只把本國情況對照四周的近鄰加以考慮是不夠的。世界的潮流席卷著我們當中的每一個人，參加到這個潮流中并為之出一份力量，我們正是以這樣的方式影響著我們自己的未來。人們思維所面臨的最崇高任務，是以認識退化和死亡并與之斗爭，加強以前世界未能提供、而我們今天的世界提供了的可能性并使之變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實，以使所有人的生活內(nèi)容更加豐富。

8.單選題

Developmentsinshipdesignandconstructionmethodscameaboutin（

）tochallengesencounteredintrading.

問題1選項

A.awareness

B.response

C.contrast

D.agreement

【答案】B

【解析】inresponseto響應,回答,對...有反應；incontrastto與...形成對照；選項A和D無此用法。句意:船舶設(shè)計和建造方法的發(fā)展是為了應對貿(mào)易中遇到的挑戰(zhàn)。選項B符合句意。

9.單選題

Thestudent,（）atthewaythequestionwasputforward,didn’tknowhowtoanswerit.

問題1選項

A.tosurprise

B.surprised

C.surprising

D.tobesurprised

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。主語“thestudent”和動詞“surprise”之間是被動關(guān)系，所以本題應該選B選項：surprised。句意：這個學生對問題提出的方式感到驚訝，不知道如何回答。綜上所述，B選項正確。

10.單選題

Thedevelopmentofthesegenetechnologiesmaybefarinthefuture,but（）themoralandsocialissuesraisedbythemshouldbediscussed,foronceatechnologyhasbeeninvented,itmaybedifficulttostoporcontrol.

問題1選項

A.presently

B.summarily

C.seriously

D.hesitantly

【答案】A

【解析】副詞辨析。句意：這些基因技術(shù)可能在未來會有很大的發(fā)展，但是應該討論的是道德和社會問題。因為一旦發(fā)明了這種技術(shù)，就很難停止或控制。presently目前；summarily即刻地；seriously嚴肅地；hesitantly遲疑地。因此，A項符合句意。

11.翻譯題

人類是一個不斷自然進化過程的產(chǎn)物，其中包括無數(shù)次的遺傳轉(zhuǎn)化：這一不可阻擋的進程自45億年前地球形成以來就一直未曾間斷過。這一進化過程，受環(huán)境因素的影響，經(jīng)過隨機突變，形成了更具適應性的系統(tǒng)，從而保證了其連續(xù)性。在動物世界，這導致了更高級物種的進化，并在人類身上達到了極致，因為人類已經(jīng)獲得了創(chuàng)新思維的能力。我認為這標志著進化進入了一個非常重要的階段，使一個物種首次有能力掌握了自身命運。

Directions:InthispartyouarerequiredtotranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteitontheAnswerSheet.

【答案】Humanbeingsaretheproductofacontinuousprocessofnaturalevolution,includingnumerousgenetictransformations:aninexorableprocessthathasbeengoingonuninterruptedsincetheearthformed4.5billionyearsago.Thisevolutionaryprocess,influencedbyenvironmentalfactors,throughrandommutation,formedamoreadaptablesystem,thusensuringitscontinuity.Intheanimalworld,thishasledtotheevolutionofhigherspecies,culminatinginhumans,whohaveacquiredtheabilitytothinkcreatively,thinkthismarksaveryimportantstageinevolution,thefirsttimeaspecieshasbeenabletocontrolitsowndestiny.

12.單選題

Inmanycountriesnow,smokingisnot______inpublicplaces.

問題1選項

A.permissive

B.permutable

C.pernicious

D.permissible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項permissive“寬容的”；B選項permutable“可排列的；能交換的”；C選項pernicious“有害的；惡性的；致命的；險惡的”；D選項permissible“可允許的；獲得準許的”。句意：在許多國家，吸煙在公共場所是不……。結(jié)合句意，A，B，C選項可以排除，D選項permissible（可允許的；獲得準許的）最符合語意，吸煙在公眾場合是不被允許的，因此選項D正確。

13.單選題

OnOctober11th,1994,JohnForbesNash,Jr.wontheNobelPrizeforpioneeringworkingametheory.

NashbeganhisPh.D.atPrincetonin1948whenhewasjust20.Whilehewasstillonly21,liewrotea27doctoraldissertationongametheory(博弈論)——themathematicsofcompetition.ThegreatJohnvonNeuman,thenatPrinceton,hadtreatedwin-losecompetitions.NowNashshowedhowtoconstructmathematicalsituationsinwhichbothsideswon.Hefoundstablesituationswherenopersoncontinuestoprofitfromcompetition.

Nashintroducedsomethingtotallynew.Andhedrewtheattentionoftheoreticaleconomists.Theyturnedgametheoryintoatool.Thisyounggeniushadsucceeded.

HewentontoMITandforeightyearsgreatlyimpressedthemathematicalworld.Heworkedineconomics.HeeveninventedthegameofHex,marketedbyparkerBrothers.Hemarriedin1957.NewYorkTimeswriterSilviaNasartellshowFortuneMagazinesingledhimoutinJuly1958asAmerica'sbrilliantyoungstarofthe“newmathematics”.Everythingwasgoingsmoothly.

Then,disaster!Mentalillnessovertookhim.He’donceastonishedmathematicianswithhisunlikelyresults.Nowhisresultsstoppedmakingsense,andthedividinglinewasn’tclearatfirst.Hebeganlookingforsecretmessagesinnumbers.

Psychologistsofthe1950sclaimedthathiswife’spregnancyhadtippedhimovertheedge.Nicethingtolayonawomanalreadystressedtotheedgebyherhusband’scollapse!Themarriageended,butshehousedhim,backinPrinceton.

For25years,mentalillnesscontrolledJohnNash.Itwasinthemid-1980sthatNashatlastlearnedtomanagehisillnessand,onceagain,hecoulddomathematics.Meanwhile,gametheoryhadbecomeastapletoolofbusinessandeconomics.AllthewritinginthatfieldpointsbacktoNash'sseminalwork.Finally,NashreceivedtheNobelPrizeineconomics.

1.NashwontheNobelPrize（

）.

2.Theword“They”(Para.3)refersto

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.WhydoyouthinkNashmadehisachievementinthefieldofmathematicsbutwashonoredwiththeNobelPrizeforeconomicsinstead?

5.Thepurposeofthisarticlemightbe（

）.

問題1選項

A.forpioneeringworkinestablishingatheory

B.forcombiningmathematicswitheconomics

C.forgreatlyimpressingthemathematicalworldfor8years

D.forhismerit

問題2選項

A.theoreticaleconomists

B.Nashandhiscolleagues

C.Nashandotherscientists

D.competitors

問題3選項

A.Nash’swifedivorcedhim,butgavehimahouseasagift.

B.Nash’swifeagreedthatherpregnancycontributedtoNash’smentalcollapse.

C.Theauthorthinksit’srighttoblameNash’swifeforhismentalcollapse.

D.Theauthorthinksit’sunfairtoblameNash’swifeforhismentalcollapse.

問題4選項

A.Becausehisgametheorydrewtheattentionoftheoreticaleconomists.

B.Becausehisgametheoryhasbecomeastapletoolofbusinessandeconomics.

C.Becauseheturnedhisgametheoryintoatool.

D.BecauseNashwasaneconomist.

問題5選項

A.totellastoryofamathematicsgenius

B.todepictamathematicsgenius

C.totellthereadersaboutJohnForbesNash.Jr.

D.totellhowNashconqueredhismentalillness

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“JohnForbesNash,Jr.因博弈論的開創(chuàng)性工作獲得諾貝爾獎?！边x項A符合原文。

第2題:語義題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容“Nashintroducedsomethingtotallynew.Andhedrewtheattentionoftheoreticaleconomists.Theyturnedgametheoryintoatool.”Nash介紹了一些全新的東西。他引起了理論經(jīng)濟學家的注意。他們把博弈論變成了一種工具。由此可知，這里的“they”指的是上句中的“theoreticaleconomists”。所以選項A正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Themarriageended,butshehousedhim,backinPrinceton.”離婚后，他的妻子把他安置在普林斯頓。而不是送了一套房子給他，所以選項A錯誤；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Psychologistsofthe1950sclaimedthathiswife’spregnancyhadtippedhimovertheedge.”20世紀50年代的心理學家們聲稱，他妻子的懷孕讓他陷入了崩潰的邊緣。但原文并沒有說這是導致他精神崩潰的原因，所以選項B錯誤；再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Nicethingtolayonawomanalreadystressedtotheedgebyherhusband’scollapse!”雖然英文表達為感嘆句，但其實這里應該翻譯為：將責任歸因于一位因精神崩潰的丈夫而背負巨大壓力的女性真的好嗎？潛在意思是說，這是不公平的，所以選項C錯誤，選項D正確。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段最后幾句“Meanwhile,gametheoryhadbecomeastapletoolofbusinessandeconomics.AllthewritinginthatfieldpointsbacktoNash'sseminalwork.Finally,NashreceivedtheNobelPrizeineconomics.”與此同時，博弈論已經(jīng)成為商業(yè)和經(jīng)濟學的主要工具。相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的所有文章都基于Nash具有重大意義的研究成果。最后，Nash獲得了諾貝爾經(jīng)濟學獎。由此可知，是因為Nash的博弈論已經(jīng)成為商業(yè)和經(jīng)濟學的主要工具，所以他獲得的是諾貝爾經(jīng)濟獎。選項B正確。

第5題:主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是Nash的一生。他雖然精通數(shù)學領(lǐng)域，但他獲得的卻是諾貝爾經(jīng)濟獎。所以選項A和B錯誤；選項D“講述Nash是如何戰(zhàn)勝精神疾病的”只是他人生的一部分，所以選項D錯誤；選項C為正確答案。

14.翻譯題

Familyis,ifanything,thelinkbetweengenerations,thefocalpointofsocialreproduction,andculturaltransmission.Thewholepointofmarriageisthatitimposesclearobligations,notjusttherighttopursueyourownhappiness.Andthemainobligationistoprovidebothemotionalandpracticalnurtureforchildren.Theglowofburningpassionmaywellhavefaded,yourloveforyourspousemaynotbeasexcitingorsatisfyingasitoncewas,butgoingoffinsearchofanotherlovewillnothelpyourchildren.TheLoveFamilyiseithertooamorphousforchildren,orit’stoounstable,with,adultsmovingoniftherelationshipnolongeranswerstheirsearch,forperfecthappiness.Iwouldventuretosuggestthatloveisnotenoughtosustainanongoingmaritalrelationship.TheLoveFamily,intheend,doesn'thavetocare.Andunfetteredfreedomwillbecomeourchain,leavinguswithnorecoursebutlonelyisolation.

【答案】如果硬要說什么的話，家庭是世代之間的紐帶，是社會再生產(chǎn)和文化傳播的焦點?；橐龅娜恳饬x在于它強加了它的明確的義務，而不僅僅是追求自己幸福的權(quán)利。它主要的職責是為孩子們提供情感和實際的培養(yǎng)。激情燃燒的光芒可能已經(jīng)消退，你對配偶的愛可能不像過去那么令人興奮或滿足，但去尋找另一種愛對你的孩子沒有幫助。對于孩子來說，愛的家庭要么太不定形，要么太不穩(wěn)定。如果這種關(guān)系不再滿足他們對完美幸福的追求，成年人就會繼續(xù)前進。我敢說，愛不足以維持一段持續(xù)的婚姻關(guān)系。愛的家庭，最終，不必在意。不受約束的自由將成為我們的枷鎖，使我們沒有任何依靠，只有孤獨和孤立。

15.問答題

Atthesametime,however,someoftheseapplicationsthreatento(A)unleashforces(B)whichwehavenocontrol.Inotherwords,thenewtechnologyMannowbelievesthatallowshimtodominatethiswidercosmoscouldwellbeaFrankensteinmonsterwaitingto(C)turnonitsmaster.Thisisanentirelynewsituationthatpromisestochangemanyoftheperceptions(D)governinglifeontheplanet.

【答案】B；“which”前添加“over”。

【解析】考查定語從句。句意：然而，與此同時，有些應用可能釋放出我們無法控制的力量。換句話說，人們現(xiàn)在所相信的能讓他們統(tǒng)治這個廣闊宇宙的新技術(shù)很可能會變成一個等待著攻擊其主人的科學怪人。這是一個全新的局面，有望改變地球上許多關(guān)于生命掌控的概念。句中“which”引導定語從句修飾先行詞“forces”，因為定語從句的完整表達為“wehavenocontrolovertheforces”，所以關(guān)系代詞“which”前需添加介詞“over”共同引導定語從句，介詞“over”和先行詞“force”存在介賓關(guān)系。

16.單選題

Asmyexamsarecomingnextweek,I’lltakeadvantageoftheweekendto（

）onsomereading.

問題1選項

A.catchup

B.clearup

C.makeup

D.pickup

【答案】D

【解析】短語辨析。句意:下周就要考試了，我要利用周末時間好好看看書。

catchupon彌補不足、吸收，精通;clearup收拾，整理;makeup偽造，化妝;pickup提高（速度），加快（節(jié)奏）。因此D項符合句意。

17.翻譯題

除了干旱時期，人們從不把水看成是寶貴的自然資源。誠然，水不是世界上的稀有之物。地球表面百分之七十被水覆蓋。在有可靠供水系統(tǒng)的城區(qū)，很少有人感到缺水。因為我們想當然地以為水與空氣一樣不值錢，什么地方都有。然而部分因為人口增加，部分因為可怕的浪費，在當今世界的許多地方，供水已成為一大挑戰(zhàn)。它已經(jīng)是一個不可置之不理的嚴重問題。

【答案】Inadditiontothedryperiod,peoplehaveneverregardedwaterasavaluablenaturalresource.Itistruethatwaterisnotararethingintheworld.Seventypercentoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.Inthecitywithreliablewatersupplysystem,fewpeoplefeelwatershortage.Wetakeitforgrantedthatwaterisnomorevaluablethanairandcanfindwatereverywhere.However,partlybecauseoftheincreaseinpopulation,andpartlybecauseoftheterriblewaste,watersupplyhasbecomeabigchallengeinmanypartsoftheworld.Thisisaseriousproblemthatcannotbeignored.

18.單選題

Mostpeoplechoosea（）lawyeronthebasisofsuchconsiderationashispost,hisfieldofexpertise,andthefeeshecharges.

問題1選項

A.humanistic

B.irrelevant

C.personal

D.pragmatic

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：大多數(shù)人會選擇一個的律師，基于他的崗位、專業(yè)經(jīng)驗和支付費用等進行考慮。humanistic人性的；irrelevant不相干的；personal私人的；pragmatic實際的，實用主義的。故選D。

19.單選題

Thearticleinsinuatedthattheofficialwasbribed.

問題1選項

A.deniedpositively

B.statedflatly

C.arguedconvincingly

D.suggestedindirectly

【答案】D

【解析】insinuate意為暗示。deniedpositively明確否認；statedflatly平平的陳述；arguedconvincingly令人信服地論證；suggestedindirectly迂回的表示。選項D與之意思相近。

20.單選題

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristicsandthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.However,thereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieu'sviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrageshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoon（季風）fromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,

continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulation.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciations（冰蝕）hadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibetan,theremainingnativefaunaandflora（動植物）multiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing"striking”intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys;withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan’’tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcoldandpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimates,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandrous（一妻多夫制）societiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplandswhichpermittedno

experimentationand"froze"thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityisasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvivalformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.

Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved（insofarasithasbeen）bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.

1.Whatarethe"unusualtraitsorsituations"referredtointhefirstsentence?

2.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

3.Theauthor'sknowledgeofTibetisprobably（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationscanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

問題1選項

A.Patternsofanimalandplantgrowth

B.FoodandfoodpreparationpatternsoftheuplandTibetans.

C.SocialandfamilialorganizationoftypicalTibetansociety.

D.Alloftheabove

問題2選項

A.analyzethepossiblecausallinksbetweenTibetanecologyandsociety.

B.describethesocialorganizationoftypicalTibetanvillages.

C.describeTibetanfaunaandflora.

D.analyzethemysteriesofthesuddenappearanceoftheHimalayas.

問題3選項

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultoflifelongstudies.

C.derivedfrombooksonly

D.limitedtogeologicalhistory

問題4選項

A.Allregionshavedifferentsoilsandthus,differentcultures

B.Someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

問題5選項

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates.

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent.

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent.

D.arefoundinlandmassthatusedtobeaseparatecontinent.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。A項(動植物生長模式),B項(高原藏族的食物和食物準備模式),C項(典型藏族社會的社會家庭組織)都是文中提到的不尋常的特征或情況。

2.主旨大意題。文章主要是分析了一妻多夫制的社會體制及其形成的生態(tài)原因。

3.推斷題。文章中作者引用了Montesquieu,Armand等人的觀點,由此推測作者對西藏的知識應該是從書本中獲得。

4.細節(jié)題。由第一段得知Montesquieu認為如果同一地區(qū)的土壤和氣候相同，那么其文化也應該相同。故選C。

5.細節(jié)題。第三段指出:Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationtherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies(因此，在冰河期結(jié)束后，只有少數(shù)現(xiàn)存于原始大陸物種生命),故選A。

21.單選題

Peoplehavebeendonatingbloodsincetheearlytwentiethcenturytohelpaccidentvictimsandpatientsundergoingsurgicalprocedures.Usuallyapintofwholebloodisdonated,anditisthendividedintoplatelets,whitebloodcells,andredbloodcells.Peoplecandonateblood(forredbloodcells)aboutonceeverytwomonths.

Transfusingthebloodfromthedonortotherecipientisstraightforward.D.Itinvolvestakingthebloodfromadonor’sarmveinbymeansofahypodermicsyringe.Thebloodflowsthroughaplastictubetoacollectionbagorbottlethatcontainssodiumcitrate,whichpreventsthebloodfromclotting.

Whenthebloodisgiventoapatient,aplastictubeandhypodermicneedleareconnectedtotherecipient’sarm.Thebloodflowsdownfromthecontainerbygravity.Thisisaslowprocessandmaylastaslongas2hourstocompletetheinfusionofbloodintotherecipient.Thepatientisprotectedfrombeinginfectedduringthetransfusion.Onlysterilecontainers,tubing,andneedlesareused,andthishelpsensurethattransfusedorstoredbloodisnotexposedtodisease-causingbacteria.

Negativereactionstotransfusionsarenotunusual.Therecipientmaysufferanallergicreactionorbesensitivetodonorleukocytes.Somemaysufferfromanundetectedred-cellincompatibility.Unexplainedreactionsarealsofairlycommon.Althoughtheyarerare,othercausesof