考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Ihopeyou（）allthematerialbeforeyoumakethefinaldecision.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willhaveread

B.willberead

C.willbereading

D.wouldhaveread

【答案】A

【解析】考查將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)。由題意可知，本題考查的是將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)，而選項(xiàng)B為將來(lái)一般時(shí)態(tài)，選項(xiàng)C為將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，選項(xiàng)D為過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)，所以本題的正確選項(xiàng)為選項(xiàng)A。句意：我希望你做最后決定之前就已經(jīng)閱讀過(guò)所有資料。

2.單選題

Shewasdeliriouslastnight,butsheseemsquitelucidthismorning.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rational

B.peaceful

C.patient

D.insane

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她昨天晚上神志不清，但是今天早上看起來(lái)十分……。rational“理智的；清醒的”；peaceful“安靜的，平靜的”；patient“有耐心的”；insane“精神失常的”。根據(jù)“but”這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞可知后半句與前半句的意思是相反的，所以劃線單詞lucid的意思是“清醒的”，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

Hewillbeconsideredtohavenothinglessthanfullacquaintancewiththenatureofthethingandtoshareintheknowledgeofit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.limitationt

B.remarkt

C.ownershipt

D.understanding

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。acquaintance表示“了解，相識(shí)”；A項(xiàng)limitation“限制”，B項(xiàng)remark“注意，言辭”，C項(xiàng)ownership“所有權(quán)，物主身份”，D項(xiàng)understanding“理解”。句意：他將被認(rèn)為完全了解事物的性質(zhì)，并分享對(duì)它的知識(shí)。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Imaginewakingupandfindingthevalueofyourassetshasbeenhalved.No,you’renotaninvestorinoneofthosehedgefundsthatfailedcompletely.Withthedollarslumpingtoa26-yearlowagainstthepound,alreadyexpensiveLondonhasbecomequiteunaffordable.AcoffeeatStarbucks,justasunavoidableinEnglandasitisintheUnitedStates,runsabout$8.

Theonceall-powerfuldollarisn’tdoingaTitanicagainstjustthepound.Itissittingatarecordlowagainsttheeuroandata30-yearlowagainsttheCanadiandollar.EventheArgentinepesoandBrazilianrealarethrivingagainstthedollar.

Theweakdollarisasourceofhumiliation,foranation’sself-esteemrestsinpartonthestrengthofitscurrency.It’salsoapotentialeconomicproblem,sinceadecliningdollarmakesimportedfoodmoreexpensiveandexertsupwardpressureoninterestrates.AndyettherearesubstantialsectorsofthevastU.S.economy—fromgiantcompanieslikeCoca-Colatomom-and-poprestaurantoperatorsinMiami—forwhichtheweakdollarismostexcellentnews.

ManyEuropeansmayviewtheU.S.asanarrogantsuperpowerthathasbecomehostiletoforeigners.ButnothingmakespeoplethinkmorewarmlyoftheU.S.thanaweakdollar.ThroughApril,thetotalnumberofvisitorsfromabroadwasup6.8percentfromlastyear.Shouldthetrendcontinue,thenumberoftouriststhisyearwillfinallytopthe2000peak.ManyEuropeansnowapparentlyviewtheU.S.thewaymanyAmericansviewMexico—asacheapplacetovacation,shopandparty,allwhileignoringthefactthatthepoorerlocalscattyaffordtojointhemerrymaking.

Themoneytouristsspendhelpsdecreaseourchronictradedeficit*Sodoexports,which,thanksinparttotheweakdollar,soared11percentbetweenMay2006andMay2007.Forthe

firstfivemonthsof2007，thetradedeficitactuallyfell7percentfrom2006.

IfyouownsharesinlargeAmericancorporations,you’reawinnerintheweak-dollargamble.LastweekCoca-Cola’sstockbubbledtoafive-yearhighafteritreportedafantasticquarter.Foreignsalesaccountedfor65percentofCoke’sbeveragebusiness.OtherAmericancompaniesprofitingfromthistrendincludeMcDonald’sandIBM.

Americantourists,however,shouldn'texpectanyreliefsoon.Thedollarloststrengththewaymanymarriagesbreakup—slowly,andthenallatonce.Andcurrenciesdon’tturnonadime.Soifyouwanttoavoidthepaininflictedbytheincreasinglypatheticdollar,cancelthatsummervacationtoEnglandandlooktoNewEngland.There,thedollarisstilltreatedwithalittlerespect.

1.WhydoAmericansfeelhumiliated?

2.HowdoesthecurrentdollaraffectthelifeofordinaryAmericans?

3.HowdomanyEuropeansfeelabouttheU.S.withthedevalueddollar?

4.Whatistheauthor’sadvicetoAmericans?

5.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying"currenciesdon’tturnonadime”(Line2,Pare.7)?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theireconomyisplunging.

B.Theircurrencyhasslumped.

C.Theycan’taffordtripstoEurope.

D.Theyhavelosthalfoftheirassets.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheyhavetocanceltheirvacationsinNewEngland.

B.Theyfinditunaffordabletodineinmom-and-poprestaurants.

C.Theyhavetospendmoremoneywhenbuyingimportedgoods.

D.Theymightlosetheirjobsduetopotentialeconomicproblems.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfeelcontemptuousofit.

B.Theyaresympatheticwithit.

C.Theyregarditasasuperpoweronthedecline.

D.Theythinkofitasagoodtouristdestination.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theytreatthedollarwithalittlerespect.

B.Theytrytowinintheweak-dollargamble.

C.Theyvacationathomeratherthanabroad.

D.Theytreasuretheirmarriagesallthemore.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thedollar’svaluewillnotincreaseintheshortterm.

B.Thevalueofadollarwillnotbereducedtoadime.

C.Thedollar’svaluewilldrop,butwithinasmallmargin.

D.FewAmericanswillchangedollarsintoothercurrencies.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞humiliated定位至第三段:Theweakdollarisasourceofhumiliation,foranation'sself-esteemrestsinpartonthestrengthofitscurrency(美元貶值是一種恥辱之源，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)國(guó)家的自尊在一定程度上取決于其貨幣的實(shí)力)。故選B(貨幣貶值)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:It'salsoapotentialeconomicproblem,sinceadecliningdollarmakesimportedfoodmoreexpensiveandexertsupwardpressureoninterestrates(由于美元日益貶值，使得進(jìn)口商品的價(jià)格上漲，對(duì)利率的壓力也不斷增大),故選C(當(dāng)購(gòu)買進(jìn)口商品時(shí)，需要支付更多費(fèi)用)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第四段:ManyEuropeansnowapparentlyviewtheU.S.thewaymanyAmericansviewMexico—asacheapplacetovacation,shopandparty(現(xiàn)在，許多歐洲人眼中的美國(guó)顯然就像美國(guó)人心中的墨西哥一樣個(gè)價(jià)格低的旅游、購(gòu)物和聚會(huì)的好去處)。故選D(他們認(rèn)為美國(guó)是一個(gè)好的旅游目的地)。

4.判斷推理題。文章最后一段指出:Soifyouwanttoavoidthepaininflictedbytheincreasinglypatheticdollar,cancelthatsummervacationtoEnglandandlooktoNewEngland.There,thedollarisstilltreatedwithalittlerespect(所以，如果你打算避免因?yàn)槊涝掷m(xù)貶值而帶來(lái)的傷痛，那么取消今年暑假的英國(guó)之旅，轉(zhuǎn)而前往新英格蘭州吧。在那里，美元還能保留一絲尊嚴(yán))。新英格蘭州屬于美國(guó),故選C(他們?cè)趪?guó)內(nèi)度假，而非國(guó)外)。

5.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"currenciesdon’tturnonadime”定位至最后一段,其前一句為:Thedollarloststrengththewaymanymarriagesbreakup—slowly,andthenallatonce(美元疲軟就像許多婚姻走向破裂的過(guò)程一樣先是慢慢的，然后突然爆發(fā))。"turnonadime"本意為“短時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生急劇轉(zhuǎn)變”,故選A(美元短時(shí)間內(nèi)不會(huì)升值)。

5.單選題

Veryfewscientists（

）completelynewanswerstotheworld’sproblems.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comeupwith

B.comeout

C.comeround

D.comeupto

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。comeupwith“提出，想出”；comeout“出版”；comeround“蘇醒；順道拜訪”；comeupto“到達(dá)，等于”。句意：很少有科學(xué)家對(duì)世界性的問(wèn)題提出新的回答。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Manyadultsmaythinktheyaregettingenoughshut-eye,butinamajorsleepstudyalmost80percentofrespondentsadmittedtonotgettingtheirprescribedamountofnightlyrest.So,whatexactlyistherightamountofsleep?Researchshowsthatadultsneedanaverageofseventoninehoursofsleepanightforoptimalfunctionality.Readontoseejusthowmuchofanimpactmoderatesleepdeprivationcanhaveonyourmindandbody.

Bygettinglessthansixhoursofsleepanight,youcouldbeputtingyourselfatriskofhighbloodpressure.Whenyousleep,yourheartgetsabreakandisabletoslowdownforasignificantperiodoftime.Butcuttingbackonsleepmeansyourhearthastoworkovertimewithoutitsallottedbreak.Inconstantlydoingso,yourbodymustaccommodatetoitsnewconditionsandelevateyouroveralldailybloodpressure.Andtheheartisn’ttheonlyorganthatisovertaxedbyalackofsleeps.Thelesssleepyouget,thelesstimethebrainhastoregulatestresshormones,andovertime,sleepdeprivationcouldpermanentlyhinderthebrain’sabilitytoregulatethesehormones,leadingtoelevatedbloodpressure.

Weallhangaroundinbedduringourboutsofillness.Butdidyouknowthatskippingoutonthebedrestcanincreaseyourriskofgettingsick?Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse.Sotrytotoughenupyourimmunesystembygettingatleastsevenhoursofsleepanight,andmaintainingahealthydiet.You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays.

DuringdeepREMsleep,yourmuscles(exceptthoseintheeyes)areessentiallyimmobilizedinordertokeepyoufromactingoutonyourdreams.Unfortunately,thiseffortyourbodymakestokeepyousafewhiledreamingcansometimesbackfire,resultinginsleepparalysis.SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate.Thiscanbequiteafrighteningsensationbecause,whileyourmindisslowlyregainingconsciousness,ithasnocontroloveryourbody,leavingsomewithafeelingofpowerlessness,fearandpanic.Mostpeopleexperiencethiseeriephenomenaatleastonceintheirlives,butthosewhoaresleepdeprivedaremorelikelytohavepanickedepisodesofsleepparalysisthatareusuallyaccompaniedbyhallucinations,aswell.Forasecond,imagineallofyourmemoriesareerased;everybirthday,summervacation,evenwhatyoudidyesterdayafternooniscompletelylost,becauseyouhavenorecollectionofthem.It’sachillingthought,butthatiswhatalifewithoutsleepwouldbelike.Sleepisessentialtothecognitivefunctionsofthebrain,andwithoutit,ourabilitytoconsolidatememories,learndailytasks,andmakedecisionsisimpairedbyalargedegree.ResearchhasrevealedthatREMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughoutthedaytothattheycanbeeasilyorganizedandstoredinthemind’slong-termcache.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemeaningof“sleepdeprivation”？

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?

3.Whyistheretheso-called“sleepparalysis”？

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?

5.Whateffectsofsleepdeprivationonhumanmindandbodyarediscussedinthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tosleepforanaverageperiodoftime.

B.Tosleepdeeplywithoutdreaming.

C.Tosleeplessthanneeded.

D.Tosleepmodestly.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewithsleepdeprivationwillbeabeletosleeplonger.

B.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewhousuallyhaveadequatesleepwillbealright.

C.Onlymodestsleepdeprivationcouldweakentheimmunesystem,

D.Prolongedsleepdeprivationwillnothaveimpactontheimmunesystem.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itoccurswhenyouareunabletowakeupfromdreamswhileyouaresleeping.

B.Itoccurswhenyoubrainimmobilizesyourbodyinordertokeepyoufromdreaming.

C.BecauseyouareusuallytoofrightenedtomoveyourbodywhenwakingupfromdeepREMsleep.

D.Becauseyourbody,immobilizedwhendreaming,maystillbeunabletomoveevenwhenyourbrainiswakingup.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Memoriesarepartofthecognitivefunctionofthebrain.

B.Memoriescreatedduringthedaytimeareusuallyfragileandimpaired.

C.Youarelikelytoloseyourmemoriesofyesterdayafteranight’ssleep.

D.Long-termmemorycannotbeformedwithoutdream-sleep.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Highbloodpressure,atoughenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.

B.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,sleepparalysis,andlong-termmemory.

C.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,thebrainandthebody,andmemory.

D.Highbloodpressure,aweakenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。題干：根據(jù)本文，“睡眠不足”指的是什么？文章第三段中“Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse”說(shuō)明“modest”sleepdeprivation指的是少于6小時(shí)的睡眠，而成人需要7-9小時(shí)的睡眠。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題干：根據(jù)第3段，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？第三段最后一句“You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays”，別人生病后就會(huì)意識(shí)到多睡一小時(shí)的好處，對(duì)應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：為什么會(huì)有所謂的“睡眠癱瘓癥”?第四段第三句中提到了“SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate”，可知“睡眠癱瘓癥”發(fā)生在大腦從快速眼動(dòng)周期喚醒時(shí)，身體仍保持不動(dòng)狀態(tài)，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)最后一段，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？最后一段最后一句提到“REMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughouttheday…”表明大腦一天產(chǎn)生的記憶是脆弱的，需要睡眠幫忙鞏固記憶。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：睡眠不足對(duì)人的身心有什么影響？第二段提到“elevatedbloodpressure”；第三段提到“reducedimmunesystem”;第四段提到“sleepparalysis”；最后一段提到“memoryloss”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Fearofpirate（

）ledtheFrenchtofortifytheircoastline.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.excursions

B.incursions

C.transmigrations

D.transmogrifications

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。excursion“偏移；遠(yuǎn)足”；incursion“入侵；侵犯”；transmigration“輪回；移居”；transmogrification“變形”。句意：對(duì)海盜襲擊的擔(dān)心使得法國(guó)加固了他們的海岸線。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inexplicable

B.healthy

C.sound

D.straight

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。inexplicable“費(fèi)解的,無(wú)法說(shuō)明的”;healthy“健康的,健全的”;sound“合理的,可靠的”;straight“筆直的,正直的”。句意:我們可以依靠William去執(zhí)行這次任務(wù),因?yàn)樗呐袛嘁恢倍己芸煽?。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.單選題

Headdeda（）tohisletterbysayingthathewouldarrivebefore8pm.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presidency

B.prestige

C.postscript

D.preliminary

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)presidency“總統(tǒng)（或董事長(zhǎng)、會(huì)長(zhǎng)、大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)等）的職位（任期）”；B選項(xiàng)prestige“威望，聲望”；C選項(xiàng)postscript“附言；又及”；D選項(xiàng)preliminary“初步的，開始的，預(yù)備的”。句意：他在信上加了（），說(shuō)他將在晚上8點(diǎn)前到達(dá)。這里表達(dá)的意思是“他在附言里說(shuō)……”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Thechildren’shystericalcrying（）thewomandoctorfromcompletingtheexamination.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forbade

B.refrained

C.hindered

D.restricted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)forbid“禁止；不允許”；B選項(xiàng)refrain“克制；避免；制止”；C選項(xiàng)hinder“阻止；打擾”；D選項(xiàng)restrict“限制；約束”。句意：這些孩子們歇斯底里的哭泣阻止這位女醫(yī)生完成這個(gè)檢查。結(jié)合句意判斷出選項(xiàng)C正確。

11.翻譯題

BritishpreviouscolonialpoliciesledtothespreadofEnglishacrosstheworld.ThiswideuseofEnglishhasbeenreinforcedbythesweepinginfluenceoftheU.S.However,thedominanceofEnglishasaninternationallanguageisconsideredbothablessingandacurse.Foronething,ithasacceleratedtheextinctionofsomelanguages.Peoplehavebeenwonderingaboutthepossibilityofcreatingagloballanguagewhichmightholdpromisesforanendtolanguage-causedtroublesandconflicts.Unfortunately,attemptstoharmonizeworldlanguageshavemetwithlittlesuccessasaresultofthereluctanceofnativespeakersofaparticularlanguagetoadoptanotherlanguageastheirmothertongue.Todiscardone’snativelanguageistohavethedistinctfeaturesofhisnationerased.

【答案】答：

英國(guó)以前的殖民政策導(dǎo)致了英語(yǔ)在世界各地的傳播。美國(guó)的廣泛影響又進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)了英語(yǔ)的廣泛使用。然而，英語(yǔ)作為國(guó)際語(yǔ)言的主導(dǎo)地位既是好事，也是壞事。一方面，它加速了一些語(yǔ)言的滅絕。人們一直在想是否有可能創(chuàng)造一種全球語(yǔ)言，從而有望結(jié)束那些語(yǔ)言引起的麻煩和沖突。不幸的是，因?yàn)槟骋徽Z(yǔ)言的本族語(yǔ)者不愿意把另一種語(yǔ)言當(dāng)作自己的母語(yǔ)，世界語(yǔ)言一致的嘗試收效甚微。拋棄自己的母語(yǔ)，就等于是抹掉自己民族的特色。

12.單選題

Thatpartofthecityhaslongbeen______foritsstreetviolence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.notorious

B.responsible

C.historical

D.illegal

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)notorious“聲名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”；B選項(xiàng)responsible“負(fù)責(zé)的，可靠的；有責(zé)任的”；C選項(xiàng)historical“歷史的；史學(xué)的；基于史實(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)illegal“非法的；違法的；違反規(guī)則的”。句意：該市的那個(gè)地區(qū)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)因街頭暴力而臭名昭著。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Itispossiblethatnature,likesomemastermusician,（）onoccasion,departingfromtheexpectedorpredictable.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.repeats

B.improvises

C.ornaments

D.harmonizes

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)repeat“重復(fù)”；B選項(xiàng)improvise“即興創(chuàng)作”；C選項(xiàng)ornament“裝飾，修飾”；D選項(xiàng)harmonize“協(xié)調(diào)，使和諧”。句意：有可能，大自然就像一些音樂(lè)大師，有時(shí)會(huì)即興發(fā)揮，偏離預(yù)期或預(yù)測(cè)。結(jié)合上下文可知，選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

14.單選題

ItwaswithgreatdelightthatIreadinyourFebruary（）thelettertotheeditorwrittenbyProf.Johnson.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.issue

B.printing

C.magazine

D.copy

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:issue“（報(bào)刊或雜志）期刊”；B:printing“印刷;印刷術(shù)”；C:magazine“雜志”；D:copy“一份；復(fù)制品”。句意：非常高興拜讀了貴刊二月的一期中所登載有關(guān)約翰遜教授致編輯的信。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)義，A為正確答案。

15.單選題

Asenseofsmellissomethingwearebornwith.Orisit?

Untilrecentlyscientistsbelievedthatthecommonsenseviewwaswrong:researchhadsuggestedthatwelearntodistinguishbetweenpleasantandunpleasantsmellsbyexperience.Fromearlyexperimentsthatinvolvedaskingchildrenbetweenthreeandfiveyearsoldwhattheythoughtofcertainsmells,researchersconcludedthatchildrenmustlearntheirappreciationofpleasantandunpleasantsmellsastheygetolder,ratherthanbeingbornwithit.Oneofthemostsurprisingresultsofthesetestswasthatthechildrensaidtheylikedthesmelloffaecesnearlyasoftenastheysaidtheylikedbanana.

PsychologistHilarySchmidtunderstandablyfoundthisresearchhardtoaccept.Shelookedatthewaythetestswereconducted,andappliedlessonsfromotherworkonchildpsychologytodesignherownexperiments.Shenotedthatchildrenyoungerthanfivewilloftenanswer‘Yes’toleadingquestionseveniftheanswersarecontradictory.Shethereforedecidedtosetherexperimentupasagame.SheaskedthechildreniftheywouldgiveaparticularsmellythingtoOscartheGrouch,apopulartelevisioncharacterwholivesinadustbinandlikes‘smelly’things,ortoBigBird,anothertelevisioncharacterwholikes‘nice’things.Shefoundthatthechildrendistinguishedbetweenpleasantandunpleasantsmellsinmuchthesamewayasanadult.Withthehelpofyoungerandyoungersubjects,shehopestoshedlightontheimportanceoftheinheritedcomponentofthesense.

Childrenyoungerthansevenoreightarenotoriouslybadatrecognizingwhatanobjectisfromitsshapealone.Schmidtpointstoanexperimentshehascarriedoutwithchildrenunderfivewhoweregivenalargestyrofoamballandasmall,butheavy,leadballtocompare.Aftertheyhadachancetofeelthetwo,shetooktheballsaway,andshowedthemanotherpairofStyrofoamandleadball.Whensheaskedthemwhichofthetwowouldbetheheavier,theyinvariablypointedtotheStyrofoamballjustbecauseitwasbigger.Despitetheirearlierexperience,theyhadnotgraspedtheideaofwhatanobjectismadeof—itssubstance—aswellassizeandshape.Butinotherexperimentswhensheintroducedodors,shefoundthatchildrenunderfiveunderstoodthatsmellwasanimportantcharacteristicofsubstance,andchildrencoulduseascenttorecognizesubstanceirrespectiveoftheshapeorsizeinwhichitwaspresentedtothem.

Schmidthasalsofoundthatgirlsaremoresensitivetosmellthanboys.Thesexdifferenceiswellknowninadults,butnotinchildren.Explainingthedifferenceinadultshascenteredonthesuggestionthatasgirlsgetolder,theytendtotakepartinactivitiessuchascooking,whichtrainthemtodistinguishbetweensmells.Anothersuggestionwasthatafterpuberty,femalehormonesbringaboutsomechangeintheolfactoryequipment.ButSchmidt’sobservationsthatthesexdifferenceexistsinchildrendoesnotfitinwitheitherexplanation.

31.Accordingtothetext,itiswell-knownthatoursenseofsmellis______.

32.WhichwouldHilarySchmidtmostprobablyagreeto?

33.Schmidt’sstyrofoamandleadballexperimentshowsthatyoungerchildren______.

34.Theword“subjects”(Para.3)mostprobablymeans______.

35.Fromthelastsentenceofthetext,wecaninferthatSchmidtmay______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquired

B.trained

C.inherent

D.tested

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thecontradictoryanswersofchildrenarehardtounderstand.

B.Childreninagamehaveaquickerresponsetopromptingquestions.

C.Youngerchildrenhaveastrongersenseofsmellthanolderones.

D.Inexperimentschildren’sanswersmaysometimesbeunreliable.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.relyonearlierexperiencesinjudginganobject

B.areinsensitivetosize,weightandshape

C.cannotrecognizethesizeofstyrofoamballs

D.canunderstandwhattheballismadeof

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.pupils

B.adults

C.children

D.researchers

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.overthrowtheexistingtheoriesconcerningthesexdifferenceinsmelling

B.supportthesecondexplanationthathormonesplayarole

C.thinkthatmaturegirlsarelesssensitivetosmellsthanchildren

D.agreethatchildren’ssensitivitytosmellisnurtured

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】31.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

31.Accordingtothetext,itiswell-knownthatoursenseofsmellis______.31.根據(jù)文章，眾所周知，我們的嗅覺是______。

A.acquiredA.后天習(xí)得的

B.trainedB.訓(xùn)練出來(lái)的

C.inherentC.與生俱來(lái)的

D.testedD.被測(cè)試的

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第一句“研究表明，我們通過(guò)經(jīng)驗(yàn)（byexperience）學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分令人愉悅的和令人不快的氣味”，從中我們可知，嗅覺是后天通過(guò)經(jīng)驗(yàn)獲得的。所以，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)與文章相反，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)只是實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。

32.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

32.WhichwouldHilarySchmidtmostprobablyagreeto?32.希拉里?施密特最有可能同意哪一個(gè)？

A.Thecontradictoryanswersofchildrenarehardtounderstand.A.孩子們相互矛盾的回答讓人難以理解。

B.Childreninagamehaveaquickerresponsetopromptingquestions.B.游戲中的孩子對(duì)提示性問(wèn)題的反應(yīng)更快。

C.Youngerchildrenhaveastrongersenseofsmellthanolderones.C.小一點(diǎn)的孩子的嗅覺比大一點(diǎn)的孩子強(qiáng)。

D.Inexperimentschildren’sanswersmaysometimesbeunreliable.D.在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，孩子們的答案有時(shí)是不可靠的。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第三句“她指出，五歲以下的孩子通常會(huì)回答‘是’，即使答案是矛盾的”，從中可知，即便答案可能是矛盾的，孩子們?cè)诨卮饡r(shí)通常都會(huì)回答“是”，從而推斷，孩子們的答案并不是可靠的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位第三段第一句“心理學(xué)家希拉里?施密特認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)研究難以接受是可以理解的（understandably）”可知，該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)在文中并沒(méi)有進(jìn)行比較，屬于無(wú)中生有。

33.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

33.Schmidt’sstyrofoamandleadballexperimentshowsthatyoungerchildren______.33.施密特的泡沫塑料和鉛球?qū)嶒?yàn)表明，更小的孩子______。

A.relyonearlierexperiencesinjudginganobjectA.在判斷物體時(shí)依賴于早期的經(jīng)驗(yàn)

B.areinsensitivetosize,weightandshapeB.對(duì)大小、重量和形狀不敏感

C.cannotrecognizethesizeofstyrofoamballsC.無(wú)法識(shí)別聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料球的大小

D.canunderstandwhattheballismadeofD.能夠理解球是由什么制成的

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句“盡管他們有過(guò)早期的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但他們并不了解物體是由什么物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的，也不了解物體的大小和形狀”，從中我們可知，施密特的泡沫塑料和鉛球?qū)嶒?yàn)表明，更小的孩子在判斷物體時(shí)對(duì)物體的大小、重量和形狀都不了解。因此，B項(xiàng)最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)中的早期經(jīng)驗(yàn)并不是孩子們判斷物體的依據(jù)，屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)不全面，屬于以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

34.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

34.Theword“subjects”(Para.3)mostprobablymeans______.34.第三段的subjects一詞最有可能的意思是______。

A.pupilsA.小學(xué)生

B.adultsB.成年人

C.childrenC.孩子

D.researchersD.研究員

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先，根據(jù)題干定位到第三段最后一句“在越來(lái)越年輕的研究對(duì)象的幫助下，她希望闡明嗅覺的遺傳成分的重要性”，結(jié)合上一句“她發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子們能像成年人一樣區(qū)分好聞和壞聞”，從中我們可知，這項(xiàng)研究的對(duì)象是children；綜合理解，第三段的subjects指的就是孩子。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B、D選項(xiàng)并不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

35.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

35.Fromthelastsentenceofthetext,wecaninferthatSchmidtmay______.35.從文章的最后一句話，我們可以推斷施密特可能______。

A.overthrowtheexistingtheoriesconcerningthesexdifferenceinsmellingA.推翻了現(xiàn)有的關(guān)于性別差異的嗅覺理論

B.supportthesecondexplanationthathormonesplayaroleB.支持荷爾蒙起作用的第二種解釋

C.thinkthatmaturegirlsarelesssensitivetosmellsthanchildrenC.認(rèn)為成熟的女孩對(duì)氣味的敏感性不如兒童

D.agreethatchildren’ssensitivitytosmellisnurturedD.同意兒童嗅覺的敏感度是后天培養(yǎng)的

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先，定位至文章最后一句“但施密特關(guān)于兒童存在性別差異的觀察并不符合這兩種解釋”，其中的兩種解釋是指上文提到的關(guān)于性別差異對(duì)于嗅覺敏感度的影響在兒童中并不明顯的原因：一種認(rèn)為女孩參加諸如烹飪之類的活動(dòng)可以訓(xùn)練她們分辨氣味；另一種認(rèn)為女性荷爾蒙會(huì)使嗅覺器官發(fā)生一些變化。綜合理解可知，施密特對(duì)于兒童性別差異的觀察研究推翻了女孩比男孩對(duì)氣味更敏感這兩種解釋，A選項(xiàng)意思與之相近。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C選項(xiàng)與原文不符，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)與該段沒(méi)有聯(lián)系，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。

16.單選題

Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingsettled

B.tobesettled

C.hadsettled

D.assettled

【答案】D

【解析】句意:經(jīng)過(guò)幾次談話，雙方都認(rèn)為這個(gè)領(lǐng)土紛爭(zhēng)已經(jīng)解決了。

考查固定搭配。regardsth.asdone將某事看做已經(jīng)完成了的事。因此選D項(xiàng)。

17.單選題

Onweekendsmygrandmausually（）aglassofwine.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.subscribesto

B.engagesin

C.indulgesin

D.hangson

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)subscribeto“訂閱；同意；捐款”；B選項(xiàng)engagein“從事于”；C選項(xiàng)indulgein“沉湎于”；D選項(xiàng)hangon“堅(jiān)持下去；不掛斷”。句意：周末我奶奶通?！槐?。能與“一杯酒”搭配的只有C選項(xiàng)“沉湎于”。