考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽礦業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽礦業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.翻譯題

1.Wecansayalotofthingsaboutthose(

)（畢生致力于詩(shī)歌的人）:theyarepassionate,impulsive,andunique.

2.Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,

(

)

（否則她上周就該回信了）.

3.Nancyissupposedto

(

)

（做完化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)）atleasttwoweeksago.

4.Neveronce

(

)（老兩口互相爭(zhēng)吵）sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.

5.

(

)（一個(gè)國(guó)家未來(lái)的繁榮在很大程度上有賴于）thequalityofeducationofitspeople.

【答案】1.Wecansayalotofthingsaboutthosewhohavespenttheirwholelivesonpoems

（畢生致力于詩(shī)歌的人）:theyarepassionate,impulsive,andunique.

2.Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,orsheshouldhaverepliedtomelastweek

（否則她上周就該回信了）.

3.Nancyissupposedtohavefinishedherchemistryexperiments（做完化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)）atleasttwoweeksago.

4.Neveroncehastheoldcouplequarreledwitheachother

（老兩口互相爭(zhēng)吵）sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.

5.Theprosperityofanationislargelydependentupon

（一個(gè)國(guó)家未來(lái)的繁榮在很大程度上有賴于）thequalityofeducationofitspeople.

2.單選題

Mencommitmotoringoffencesaswomen,accordingtotheHomeOfficefigures.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ninetimesof

B.asninetimes

C.ninetimesthatof

D.ninetimeasmany

【答案】D

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知本題考查倍數(shù)。與times相關(guān)的倍數(shù)表達(dá)方式為：AisNtimes(形容詞比較級(jí))thanB。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Shegotveryangryand（

）herclothesaboutintheroom.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.flung

B.flew

C.clamped

D.clashed

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:她很生氣，把衣服扔的房間里到處都是。

fling(尤指生氣地)扔，擲，拋，丟;猛動(dòng)(身體或身體部位);粗暴地(向某人)說(shuō);氣勢(shì)洶洶地(對(duì)某人)說(shuō)。clamp夾住，固定;緊緊抓住;緊夾住;被抓住;被夾緊;用夾鎖鎖住(車)。clash打斗;沖突;比賽;(公開(kāi)地)爭(zhēng)論。

4.單選題

Adynamiceconomyisfoundedonthe（）ofentrepreneurs,whichisrewardedbyprofit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.perspiration

B.desperation

C.respiration

D.aspiration

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。perspiration“汗水，努力”；desperation“絕望的境地，不顧一切拼命”；respiration“呼吸”；aspiration“渴望，抱負(fù)”。句意：一個(gè)充滿活力的經(jīng)濟(jì)是建立在企業(yè)家的抱負(fù)之上的，而這是通過(guò)利潤(rùn)來(lái)回報(bào)的。選項(xiàng)D更符合語(yǔ)境。

5.單選題

Heresented（

）towait.Heexpectedtheminister（

）

himatonce.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobeasked,tosee

B.beingasked,tosee

C.tobeasked,seeing

D.beingasked,seeing

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他憎恨等待。他希望總理馬上見(jiàn)他。resented后面一般直接接名詞或者動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式；expect后面一般接不定式，所以答案選B。

6.單選題

Shehasthe（

）ofenteringgraduateschoolorstartingherprofessionalcareer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.optimum

B.option

C.orientation

D.preference

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。optimum意為“最佳效果，最適宜條件”；option意為“選擇權(quán)，選擇（的自由）”；orientation意為“方向，定位”；preference意為“偏愛(ài)，喜愛(ài)”。

句意：她可以選擇進(jìn)入研究生院或開(kāi)始她的職業(yè)生涯。

7.單選題

Thisareaoftheparkhasbeenspecially（）forchildren,butaccompanyingadultsarealsowelcome.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inaugurated

B.designated

C.entitled

D.delegated

【答案】B

【解析】句意:公園的這個(gè)區(qū)是專門為孩子們?cè)O(shè)定的，但是也歡迎陪同的成年人。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式表被動(dòng)。inaugurate開(kāi)辟，舉行開(kāi)幕典禮，舉行就職典禮；designate指定，標(biāo)出，bedesignatedfor為…而設(shè)；entitle定名為…，給…稱號(hào)，使有權(quán)利，常用于beentitledto表示有……資格；delegate委派……為代表，委任。故B符合句意。

8.單選題

Obviously,theemployer’sreplyborelittle（）toemployees’requirements.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.relationship

B.concern

C.interest

D.relevance

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。relationship“關(guān)系”；concern“關(guān)心”；interest“興趣”；relevance“要求”。本句意為“很明顯的，雇主的答復(fù)與雇員的要求無(wú)關(guān)”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Large,multinationalcorporationsmaybethecompanieswhoseupsanddownsseizeheadlines.ButtoafargreaterextentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomy’svitalitydependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,neighborhoodservicesandfactories.Smallbusinesses,definedasthosewithfewerthan100workers,nowemploynearly60percentoftheworkforceandareexpectedtogeneratehalfofallnewjobsbetweennowandtheyear2000.Some1.2millionsmallfirmshaveopenedtheirdoorsoverthepastsixyearsofeconomicgrowth,and1989willseeanadditional200,000entrepreneursstrikingoffontheirown.

Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblazeaheadunprepared.Idealistswilloverestimatetheclamorfortheirproductsorfailtofactorinthecompetition.Nearlyeveryonewillunderestimate,oftenfatally,thecapitalthatsuccessrequires.Midcareerexecutives,forcedbyatakeoverorarestructuringtoquitthecorporationandfindanotherwaytosupportthemselves,maysavortheideaofbeingtheirownbossbutmayforgetthatentrepreneursmustalso,atleastforawhile,bebookkeeperandreceptionist,too.AccordingtoSmallBusinessAdministrationdata,24ofevery100businessesstartingouttodayarelikelytohavedisappearedintwoyears,and27morewillhaveshuttheirdoorsfouryearsfromnow.By1995,morethan60ofthose100start-upswillhavefolded.Anewstudyof3,000smallbusinesses,sponsoredbyAmericanExpressandtheNationalFederationofIndependentBusiness,suggestsslightlybetterodds:Threeyearsafterstart-up,77percentofthecompaniessurveyedwerestillalive.Mostcreditedtheirsuccessinlargeparttohavingpickedabusinesstheyalreadywerecomfortablein.Eightypercenthadworkedwiththesameproductorserviceintheirlastjobs.

Thinkingthroughanenterprisebeforethelaunchisobviouslycritical.Butmanyentrepreneursforgetthatafirm’shealthinitsinfancymaybelittleindicationofhowwellitwillage.Youmusttenderlymonitoritspulse.Intheirzealtoexpand,small-businessownersoftenignoreearlywarningsignsofastagnantmarketorofdecayingprofitability.Theyhopefullypourmoreandmoremoneyintotheenterprise,preferringnottoacknowledgeerodingprofitmarginsthatmeanthemarketfortheiringeniousserviceorproducthasevaporated,orthattheymustcutthepayrollorvacatetheirlavishoffices.Onlywhenthefinancialwellrunsdrydotheyseetheseriousnessoftheillness,andbythenthepatientisusuallytoofargonetosave.

Frequentchecksofyourfirm’svitalsignswillalsoguideyoutoasensiblerateofgrowth.Tosnatchopportunity,youmustspotthesignalsthatitistimetoconquernewmarkets,addproductsorperhapsfranchiseyourhotidea.

1.Accordingtothepassage,acountry’seconomyisprobablydecidedby（

）.

2.Inordertosucceedinabusiness,theentrepreneurshould

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsmallbusinessisnottrue?

4.Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthe3rdparagraphmeanaccordingtothepassage?

5.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theprosperityanddeclineofthetransnationalcorporations

B.theriseandfallofthemarketsandproductsaswellascapital

C.thefateofthesmallbusinessessuchassmallplantsandrestaurants

D.theeconomicincreaseanddecreaseofthelargecompanies

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.getverywellpreparedforhisnewbusiness

B.chooseabusinesshe’salreadyfamiliarwith

C.examinethecompany’scrucialsignsnowandthen

D.investasmuchaspossibleintohisenterprise

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ithelpseffectivelytofightunemployment.

B.Theearlieritstarts,thesooneritcollapses.

C.There’sgoodomenforsmallbusinessaccordingtoasurvey.

D.Somesmallbusinessownersareblindtoearlypremonitionoffailure.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thepatientisseriouslyillbecauseoflackofwaterinthewell.

B.Thepatientcanbesavedifhehasenoughmoneytosolvethefinancialproblem.

C.It’stoolateforsmallbusinessownerstorealizethegravityoftheproblembecausetheyhaveuseduptheirmoney.

D.It’surgentforsmallbusinessownerstopouralltheirmoneyintotheenterprisetorevitalizetheirbusiness.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Howtobecomeawinnerinsmallbusiness?

B.Howtobeasuccessfulbossinamultinationalcorporation?

C.Howtodealwiththeupsanddownsinsmallbusiness?

D.Howtoconquernewmarketsandgainthelargestprofit?

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“根據(jù)文章可知一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)可能由什么決定？”文章第一段第二句話提到“但是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)大多數(shù)美國(guó)人了解的是美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)活力靠的是小商店、飯店、居民服務(wù)和工廠”（ButtoafargreaterextentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomy’svitalitydependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,neighborhoodservicesandfactories），選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“為了能成功，企業(yè)應(yīng)該怎么做？”文章第二段第一句話提到“大多數(shù)先鋒企業(yè)因?yàn)闆](méi)有前期準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)行開(kāi)拓進(jìn)取”（Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblazeaheadunprepared），接著又提到“到1995年，60%的這些企業(yè)倒閉”（By1995,morethan60ofthose100start-upswillhavefolded），說(shuō)明沒(méi)做好準(zhǔn)備的企業(yè)堅(jiān)持不了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，而要想成功，必須做好準(zhǔn)備，選項(xiàng)A“為自己的新生意做好十足準(zhǔn)備”符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“下列關(guān)于對(duì)小企業(yè)的描述哪個(gè)是錯(cuò)誤的？”文章第二段提到60%的先鋒企業(yè)倒閉是因?yàn)闆](méi)有做好準(zhǔn)備，并不是因?yàn)樗鼈冮_(kāi)始得早，所以選項(xiàng)B“開(kāi)始得越早，倒閉得越快”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“第三段最后一句話的意思是什么？”文章第三段最后一句話提到“只有當(dāng)資金源泉干涸時(shí)，他們才看到問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性，而那個(gè)時(shí)候，這個(gè)病人（即小企業(yè)）已經(jīng)無(wú)藥可救了”（Onlywhenthefinancialwellrunsdrydotheyseetheseriousnessoftheillness,andbythenthepatientisusuallytoofargonetosave），因此選項(xiàng)C“小企業(yè)老板用光了錢之后才意識(shí)到問(wèn)題，但是已經(jīng)為時(shí)已晚”符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。題目問(wèn)的是“這篇文章的中心思想是什么？”文章主要講述了小企業(yè)如何建立、又如何因?yàn)闆](méi)有提前意識(shí)到問(wèn)題而破產(chǎn)、如何成功發(fā)展小企業(yè)等問(wèn)題，選項(xiàng)A“如何在小企業(yè)中成為勝利者”符合題意。

10.單選題

Agrowingnumberofcompaniesarenowtryingtoserve“segmentsofone.”Theyattemptto()theirofferandcommunicationtoeachindividualcustomer.Thisisunderstandablewithlargeindustrialcompaniesthathaveonlyafewmajorcustomers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adopt

B.adapt

C.incorporate

D.exclude

【答案】B

【解析】adopt采取，接受；adapt使適應(yīng)；incorporate包含，吸收，合并；exclude排除。句意：越來(lái)越多的公司正試圖服務(wù)于“一個(gè)部分”。他們?cè)噲D讓客戶適應(yīng)他們所提供的服務(wù)并和每一個(gè)個(gè)體客戶進(jìn)行溝通。對(duì)于只有少數(shù)主要客戶的大型公司來(lái)說(shuō)，這是可以理解的。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

11.單選題

Whentheconcentrationofcalciuminthebloodistoolow,theparathyroidglandsbegantosecretethehormoneparathormone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.concentration

B.too

C.began

D.secrete

【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)題中when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)可知，C選項(xiàng)也應(yīng)該用begin動(dòng)詞原形，句意：當(dāng)血液中的鈣濃度過(guò)低時(shí)，甲狀旁腺開(kāi)始分泌甲狀腺激素。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

12.翻譯題

Currently,Chinaisinthemidstofachallengingtransition.Arapidlyagingpopulation,increasingdebt,anddecliningreturnsonfixedassetinvestmentplacenewburdensontheeconomy.Becauseofaging,thelaborforceisexpectedtopeakthisyearandbeginalongdeclinethatcouldreduceitssizeby16percentby2050.By2030,China’sdependencyratio—thepercentageofthepopulationthatisnotinthelaborforce(mostlytheelderlyandchildren)—willreach47percent.Thisisfarsooner,intermsofGDPpercapita,thanincountriessuchasJapanortheUnitedStates.

【答案】

目前，中國(guó)正處于一個(gè)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的轉(zhuǎn)型階段。人口老齡化的迅速增長(zhǎng)、不斷增加的債務(wù)以及固定資產(chǎn)投資回報(bào)率的下降給經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)了新的負(fù)擔(dān)。由于人口老齡化，中國(guó)的勞動(dòng)力總量預(yù)期今年達(dá)到最高峰，然后開(kāi)始一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的減少，而到2050年中國(guó)的勞動(dòng)力規(guī)?？赡軠p少16%。到2030年，中國(guó)的撫養(yǎng)比率——即不屬于勞動(dòng)力的人口百分比（主要是老年人和兒童）將達(dá)到47%。而中國(guó)人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的減少會(huì)比日本或美國(guó)等國(guó)家出現(xiàn)得早很多。

13.單選題

Peopleinnately（

）forsuperiorityovertheirpeersalthoughitsometimestakestheformofanexaggeratedlustforpower.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.strive

B.ascertain

C.justify

D.adhere

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。strivefor意為“爭(zhēng)取,奮斗”；選項(xiàng)B為及物動(dòng)詞；選項(xiàng)C和D通常與介詞to搭配。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

14.單選題

Whenpeoplearcstruckbylightening,theyfalltothegroundasthoughtheywerestruckbyasevereblowtotheheaD.Aftertheshocktheymayremainunconscious,becomesemiconsciousorbeconsciousbutconfusedanddazed,atleastforatime.Flashesoflightmaycontinuepassingbeforetheireyes,andblindnessanddeafnessmayfollow.Thenervoussystemmaybebadlyaffected,causingparalysis,paininthelimbsandevenhemorrhage.Therewillbebumswherethelighteningpassedthroughthebody,andlikeallelectricalbums,theyareoftendeepandsevere.

Allpersons,especiallycampersandhunters,shouldknowhowtogivefirstaidtosomeonewhohasbeenstruckbylightening.Donotbeafraidtotouchthevictim.Youwon'tgetashock.ThelighteninghasalreadybeengroundeD.Rememberthatspeedisofthegreatestimportanceinseverecases.

Thefirstthingtodoistoloosentightclothingaboutthethroatandwaist.Thencleartheairpassagesofmucus(黏液)ifpresent,andapplyartificialrespirationifnecessary.Givemouth-mouthresuscitationifneeded,orgiveoxygenifavailable.ManyvictimsthoughtIobedeadhavebeenrevivedaftertreatment.

Sendsomeoneforadoctorassoonaspossible,butdon'tleavethevictimalone.Ifadoctorisnotavailable,takethepersontoahospitalassoonasthepersoncanbesafelymoved.

Signsofshockare:pale,cold,stickyskin;weak,rapidpulse;shallow,irregularbreathingor,inextremecases,nobreathingatall.Totreatshock,youmustkeepthepatientlyingdownwiththeheadlowerthanthefeetandcoverhimorherwithablanketbutwatchoutforoverheating.Givingastimulatinghotteaorcoffeewillhelp,butonlyifthepatientisthoroughlyconscious.

Afterbreathinghasbeenrestoredandshockistreated,treatthebums.Applysomesalveandcoverthemwithacleanclothorasteriledressing.Ifconscious,thepatientwillbebadlyfrightened,sodoallyoucantoreassure.Alittleknowledgeandahelpinghandmaysavesomeone'slife.

1.Thepassagemainlytalksabout（）.

2.Accordinglothepassage,allthefollowingaresignsofshockexcept（）.

3.Itcanbeguessedfromthepassagethat（）.

4.Theword"salve"inline2ofthelastparagraphmostlikelymeans（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingmustnotbedonewhiletreatingshock?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichmetalsconductelectricitybest

B.wheretogoinathunderstorm

C.howtotreatsomeonestruckbylightening

D.howtomakemouth-to-mouthresuscitation

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.abnormalfever

B.coldskin

C.irregularbreathing

D.rapidpulse

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.manycampersandhuntersarestruckbylightening

B.carsareconvenientforoutdooractivities

C.electricshockdoeslittleharmtothehumanbody

D.onlyprofessionalnursesanddoctorsareallowedtogivefirstaid

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.sponge

B.bandage

C.ointment

D.liquid

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Givingthepatientacupofhottea.

B.Makingthepatientliewiththefeetlowerthanthehead.

C.Coveringthebumswithasteriledressing.

D.Applyingartificialrespiration

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講述如何治療被閃電擊中的人。

2.根據(jù)第五段的第一句“Signsofshockare:pale,cold,stickyskin;weak,rapidpulse;shallow,irregularbreathingor,inextremecases,nobreathingatall.”可知，只有選項(xiàng)A不屬于休克的癥狀，所以本題選A。

3.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Allpersons,especiallycampersandhunters,shouldknowhowtogivefirstaidtosomeonewhohasbeenstruckbylightening.”所有人，尤其是露營(yíng)者和獵人，都應(yīng)該知道如何對(duì)被閃電擊中的人進(jìn)行急救。由此可推斷，露營(yíng)者和獵人最容易遇到被閃電擊中的情況，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.根據(jù)常識(shí)，被雷電擊中后會(huì)被燒傷，燒傷之后當(dāng)然要涂抹一些藥膏，所以這里的“salve”指藥膏，只有選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近。

5.根據(jù)原文可知，選項(xiàng)B對(duì)應(yīng)文中的“youmustkeepthepatientlyingdownwiththeheadlowerthanthefeet”，但與原文表述相反，因此選擇B選項(xiàng)。

15.單選題

Withscholarsfrom24countries（

）theconference,thecommitteehadagreatdealofworktodo.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attend

B.attended

C.attending

D.toattend

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。這里考查的是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。with+名詞+分詞，表示原因或者伴隨條件，scholars和動(dòng)詞attend是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故正確答案選C。句意為：有來(lái)自24個(gè)國(guó)家的學(xué)者參加了會(huì)議，組委會(huì)有很多工作要做。

16.單選題

Hestoodthere,（

）apen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.askingfor

B.askfor

C.askedfor

D.toaskfor

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他站在那,想要一只筆。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾閯?dòng)詞的-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)。此處已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞stood，所以后面是ask的Ing形式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。故選A。

17.單選題

Reductioninoverseasgovernmentexpendituretookplace,but（

）andmoregraduallythannowseemsdesirable.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reluctantly

B.unwittingly

C.impulsively

D.anxiously

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。reluctantly“不情愿地”；unwittingly“不知不覺(jué)地”；impulsively“有推動(dòng)力的”；anxiously“不安地，憂慮地”。句意：海外政府開(kāi)支有所減少，但是比現(xiàn)在所期望的要勉強(qiáng)并且緩慢。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

18.單選題

Wearetoldthemassmediaarethegreatestorgansforenlightenmentthattheworldhasyetseen;thatinBritain,forinstance,severalmillionpeopleseeeachissueofthecurrentaffairsprogrammeasPanoroma.Itistruethatneverinhumanhistoryweresomanypeoplesooftenandsomuchexposedtoomuchintimationaboutsocieties,formsoflife,andattitudesotherthanthosewhichtheyobtainintheirlocalsocieties.Thiskindofexposuremaywellbeapointofdepartureforacquiringcertainimportantintellectualandimaginativequalities,widthofjudgment,andasenseofthevarietyofpossibleattitudes.Yetinitselfsuchexposuredoesnotbringintellectualorimaginativedevelopment.Itisnomorethanthemassesofstonewhichliearoundinquarry(采石場(chǎng))andwhichmay,conceivably,gotothemakingofacathedral.Themassmediacannotbuildthecathedral,andtheirwayofshowingthestonesdonotalwayspromptotherstobuild.Forthestonesarepresentedwithinaself-containedandself-sufficientworldinwhich,itisimplied,simplytolookatthem,toobservefleetinglyindividuallyinterestingpointsofdifferencebetweenthemissufficientinitself.

Lifeisindeedfullofproblemsonwhichwehaveto—orfeelweshouldtryto—makedecisions,ascitizensorasprivateindividuals.Butneithertherealdifficultyofthesedecisions,northeirtrueanddisturbingchallengetoeachindividual,canoftenbecommunicatedthroughthemassmedia.Thedisinclinationtosuggestrealchoice,individualdecision,whichistobefoundinthemassmediaisnotsimplytheproductofacommercialdesiretokeepthecustomershappy.Itiswithinthegrainofmasscommunications.Theorgansoftheestablishment,howeverwell-intentionedtheymaybeandwhatevertheirform(theState,theChurch,voluntarysocieties,politicalparties),haveavestedinterestinensuringthatthepublicboatisnotviolentlyrocked,andwillsoaffectthosewhoworkwithinthemassmediathattheywillbeledinsensiblytowardsformsofproductionwhich,thoughtheygothroughthemotionsofdisputeandinquiry,donotbreakthroughtheskintowheresuchinquiriesmightreallyhurt.Theywilltendtomove,whenexposingproblems,wellwithintheacceptedclicheassumptionsofdemocraticsocietyandwilltendneitherradicallytoquestionclichesnortomakeadisturbingapplicationofthemtofeaturesofcontemporarylife.Theywillstressthe“stimulation”theprogramsgive,butthissoonbecomesanagitationofproblemsforthesakeoftheinterestofthatagitationitself;theywilltherefore,again,assistaformofacceptanceofthestatusquo(現(xiàn)狀).Therewereexceptionstothistendency,buttheyareuncharacteristic.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themassmediapresentuswith（

）.

2.Whateffectisitclaimedthemassmediacanhaveonourintellectualandimaginativedevelopment?

3.Theauthorusesthecomparisonwithbuildingacathedralthat（

）.

4.Howarethemassmediasaidtoinfluenceourabilitytomakedecisions?

5.Themainweaknessofthemassmediaisidentifiedbytheauthoras（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insufficientdiversityofinformation

B.toorestrictedaviewoflife

C.awiderangeoffactsandopinions

D.acriticalassessmentofoursociety

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarelikelytofrustratethisdevelopment.

B.Theycanformabasisforit.

C.Theycandistortourjudgment.

D.Theycanstimulatetoomuchmentalactivity.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.worthwhileresultsdonotdependonrawmaterialonly

B.themediaevalmediahaddifferentbeliefs

C.greatworksofartrequiregoodfoundations

D.closeattentiontodetailisimportant

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theydisturbusbytheirprejudices.

B.Theymakeusdoubtourownjudgments.

C.Theymakenocontributioninthisarea.

D.Theymakedecisionswhichappeartoocomplicated.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.fearoflosingthecustomer

B.thediverseviewsofthecontributors

C.servicetotheprofitmotive

D.tryingtocaterforavestrangeofaudience

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出:人類歷史上從來(lái)沒(méi)有過(guò)如此多的人頻繁地批露，諸如：社會(huì)、生活方式以及思想觀念的陰暗面，而這些與人們從所處社會(huì)接收的那些信息是不同的。因此排除A、B項(xiàng)。第二段指出:Thoughtheygothroughthemotionsofdisputeandenquiry,donotbreakthroughtheskintowheresuchenquiresmightreallyhurt(盡管他們辯論、質(zhì)疑，但仍然觸及不到關(guān)鍵之處),由此推斷D項(xiàng)(對(duì)社會(huì)的一個(gè)批判性評(píng)估)是大眾傳媒所不具備的。故選C項(xiàng)(廣泛的事實(shí)和意見(jiàn))。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞intellectualandimaginativedevelopment定位至第一段:Thiskindofexposuremaywellbeapointofdepartureforacquiringcertainimportantintellectualandimaginativequalities,widthofjudgment,andasenseofthevarietyofpossibleattitudes。據(jù)此可知B項(xiàng)正確。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:Themassmediacannotbuildthecathedral,andtheirwayofshowingthestonesdonotalwayspromptotherstobuild,作者用建大教堂這個(gè)比喻說(shuō)明有價(jià)值的結(jié)果不僅僅依靠原材料。故選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第二段。第二句說(shuō):大眾媒介經(jīng)常不能把做這些決定的困難進(jìn)行報(bào)道，它不起作用，更不會(huì)使決定變得更為復(fù)雜。故選C。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。作者認(rèn)為大眾傳播媒介的主要弱點(diǎn)是為了獲得利益,故C項(xiàng)(因?yàn)楂@利動(dòng)機(jī))正確。

19.單選題

Ajournalist’sfriendwhohasbeenlivinginNewYorkformanyyearswritesacolumnforaChinesenewspaperinHongKongonculturalsubjects,andChineseandWesterntraditions,recentlytouchedonthequestion:whytranslationsofnovelsbywell-knowncontemporaryChineseauthorsdonotsellwellabroad?

Quotingamainlandsource,DongDingshanrevealedthatinFrance,whichprobablyhasthefinesttastesforartandcultureintheworld,only10copiesoftranslatedworksbyLuXunandBaJinweresoldin1994.

ThepoorsalesareareminderthatcontemporaryChineseliteraturehasyettosecureaplaceontheworldstageascommensuratewithitsachievements.

OneexplanationisthatwhilemanyChineseauthorsnowadaystakegreatprideinhavingtheirworkstranslatedintoforeignlanguages,fewhaveanyideahowmuchtheirnovelswouldbeunderstood,nottosayenjoyed,inforeigncountries.Anotheristhatthosewhohavethepowertoselectworksfortranslationareguidedentirelybytheirownverysubjectivestandardsratherthanthetasteandinterestsofforeignreaders.Thetwoareinterrelatedbutbothshowalackofunderstandingoftheforeignreadership.

However,whatseemstobethegreatestdifficultytoDongonthetranslationofliteraryworksforforeignconsumptionisrenderingthedistinctlydifferentstylesofChineseprosewriting.WhereasChinesewritersliketoheapadjectivesanddecorativewords,suchdescriptionsareapttobemeaninglessorannoyingtoforeignreaders.Especiallyinthecaseofnewswriting,clarityissupremeanduselesswordsonlydistractfromastory’sreadability.

Inviewofthis,translationoflyricalworksisoftenathanklessjob.Dongbelievesessaysandprosestandamuchbetterchanceofsuccess.Asfornovels,successdependsonwhetherforeignreaderscanfollowthestorieswhicharedevelopedincircumstanceswithwhichtheyareentirelyunfamiliar.

ItisseldomrealizedthatsuccessfultranslationofChinesenovelsisinvariablytheco-reationoftheauthorandtranslator.WithagoodcommandofChinesewritingskills,thetranslatorisideallyalsosomeonewhowritesgood,decentEnglish,notjustcorrectsentences.

TheChinesetranslatorwhoreliesonadictionaryeverystepofthewayisunlikelytoproducetranslationsthatcaninterestreaders,Dongbelieves.

ThereisagreatdealofsenseinDong’sbeliefthatChinesenovelsareideallytranslatedbynativespeakersofEnglish,asdidProfessorJeffreyKinkleywhorecentlytranslatedImperfectParadisebythecontemporaryChinesewriterShenCongwen.Kindlytooknoteintheprefaceofhistranslationthatword-for-wordtranslationonlyhurtstheoriginal-acredoheardoftenenoughamongtranslationcirclesinChinabutwhichismucheasiersaidthandone.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout（

）.

2.DongDingshan’sattitudetowardcontemporaryChineseliteraturetranslationcanbebestsummarizedas

（

）.

3.Translationofnovelsbywell-knowncontemporaryChineseauthorsdon’tsellwellabroadmainlybecause

（

）.

4.AccordingtoDongDingshan,whatisthedifferenceinprosewritingbetweenChineseandforeigners?

5.AllthefollowingcanimpliedfromthepassageEXCEPT（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.translationoflyricalworks

B.impropertranslation

C.understandingoftheforeignreadership

D.achievementsofChineseliteraturetranslation

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.unsatisfactory

B.cheerful

C.hopeful

D.indifferent

/r