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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-寶雞文理學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題
Itisdifficultto______ofaplantoendpoverty.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.speculate
B.conceive
C.ponder
D.reckon
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)speculate“推測(cè);推斷;投機(jī);思索”;B選項(xiàng)conceive“懷孕;構(gòu)思;以為;持有;設(shè)想;考慮”;C選項(xiàng)ponder“仔細(xì)考慮;衡量;考慮;沉思”;D選項(xiàng)reckon“測(cè)算,估計(jì);認(rèn)為;計(jì)算;猜想,料想”。conceiveof“設(shè)想;以為;想象;構(gòu)思”。句意:想出一個(gè)消除貧困的計(jì)劃是很難的。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
2.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.
北京計(jì)劃未來(lái)投資7600億元治理污染,從減少PM2.5排放入手。
中文熱詞通常反映社會(huì)變化和文化,有些在外國(guó)媒體上愈來(lái)愈流行。
土豪以前指欺壓佃戶和仆人的鄉(xiāng)村地主,現(xiàn)在用于指花錢如流水或喜歡炫耀財(cái)富的人。
大媽是對(duì)中年婦女的稱呼,但是現(xiàn)在特指不久前金價(jià)大跌時(shí)大量購(gòu)買黃金的中國(guó)婦女。
她就是那個(gè)到明年年底會(huì)攢一萬(wàn)美元的那個(gè)女孩。
你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)警察一直在找的小偷嗎?
自從她出生以來(lái)她就從未見(jiàn)過(guò)她爸爸。
你知道你們班長(zhǎng)喜歡的女孩兒是賊的女兒?jiǎn)幔?/p>
他很謙遜,認(rèn)為自己離成功還很遠(yuǎn)。
宗教和科學(xué)其實(shí)不但可以調(diào)和,而且可以共存共生。
【答案】Beijingisgoingtoinvest760billionyuaninthefuturetocontrolpollution,beginningwithcuttingdowntheemissionofPM2.5.
TheChineseheatedwordsusuallyreflectsocialchangesandculture,someofwhichareincreasinglypopularwithforeignmedia.
Thewordtuhaousedtomeanrurallandlordswhooppresstheirtenantsandservants,whilenowitreferstopeoplespendingmoneywithoutlimitsorthoseshowingofftheirwealthallaround.
Theworddamaisusedtodescribemiddle-agedwomen.However,itisregardedasaspecialwordtocallthoseChinesewomenwhorushedtopurchasegoldwhenthegoldpricedecreasedsharplynotlongago.
Sheisthegirlwhowillhavemadetenthousanddollarsbytheendofnextyear.
Doyouknowthethiefwhomthepolicemanhasbeenlookingfor?
Shehasneverseenherfathersincehewasborn.
Doyouknowthegirlwhoislikedbyyourmonitoristhedaughterofathief?
9.Heishumbleandthinksheisfarfromsuccess.
10.Religionandsciencearenotonlyreconcilable,butalsosymbiotic.
3.單選題
Whenthefireisoutandthe()areglowing,it’stimetocallitanight.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.halos
B.embers
C.ashes
D.fragments
【答案】B
【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)halos“光暈,光環(huán),色圈”;B選項(xiàng)embers“余燼,余火”;C選項(xiàng)ashes“骨灰,灰燼”;D選項(xiàng)fragments“碎片,片段;分裂”。句意:當(dāng)火焰熄滅,()閃光,是時(shí)候收工了。fireisout和embers“余燼,余火”相對(duì)應(yīng),符合語(yǔ)境。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersasasurgicaltoolinoperationsonpeoplewhoare()toheartattack.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.infectious
B.disposed
C.accessible
D.prone
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)infectious“傳染的,傳染性的”,B項(xiàng)disposed“有……傾向的;打算做……的”,C項(xiàng)accessible“易接近的,可進(jìn)入的”,D項(xiàng)prone“俯臥的,有……傾向的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞heartattack(心臟?。?,可排除A、C選項(xiàng)。bedisposedto表示“有……傾向”,后面一般跟todo;beproneto表示“易于,有……的傾向”,后面一般跟名詞;heartattack是名詞,只有D項(xiàng)符合。句意:醫(yī)生們對(duì)使用激光作為外科手術(shù)工具對(duì)易患心臟病的人進(jìn)行手術(shù)很感興趣。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
5.單選題
In()timeshumanbebeingsdidn’ttravelforpleasurebuttofindamorefavorableclimate.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.prime
B.primitive
C.primary
D.preliminary
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prime“最好的”;B選項(xiàng)primitive“原始的,遠(yuǎn)古的”;C選項(xiàng)primary“最初的”;D選項(xiàng)preliminary“初步的,開始的”。句意:在()時(shí)代,人類旅行不是為了消遣,而是為了尋找更適宜的氣候。這句話表達(dá)的含義是“在原始時(shí)代……”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
6.單選題
Thepresidentmadea(
)speechattheopeningceremonyofthesportsmeeting,whichencouragedthesportsmengreatly.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.vigorous
B.tedious
C.flat
D.harsh
【答案】A
【解析】句意:校長(zhǎng)在運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的開幕式上做了慷慨激昂的演講,這極大地鼓舞了運(yùn)動(dòng)員們。
考查形容詞辨析。vigorous充滿活力的,精力充沛的;tedious冗長(zhǎng)的,啰唆的,單調(diào)乏味的;flat平淡的,單調(diào)的,平坦的;harsh嚴(yán)酷的,嚴(yán)厲的,惡劣的。根據(jù)后半句句意可知A正確。
7.單選題
Youshouldknowbetterthan(
)yourlittlesisterathomebyherself.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.toleave
B.leaving
C.tohaveleft
D.left
【答案】A
【解析】句意:你應(yīng)該很清楚不應(yīng)該把你妹妹一個(gè)人留在家里。
固定搭配。knowbetterthantodosth.很清楚不應(yīng)該做……。
8.單選題
Wehopethestudentswould(
)theinformationcontainedinthelecture.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.associate
B.understand
C.assimilate
D.assess
【答案】C
【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。associate“使聯(lián)合,使發(fā)生聯(lián)系”;understand“理解,獲悉,推斷”;assimilate“吸收,使同化”;assess“評(píng)定,估價(jià)”。由句中“informationcontainedinthelecture講稿中包含的信息”可知C選項(xiàng)“吸收”正確。
9.單選題
Theskunkprotectsitselffromenemiesbysprayingthemwithasubstancethatstinks.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.stingstheeyes
B.smellsbad
C.causesitching
D.discolorstheskin
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。stink意為“有臭味,有難聞的氣味”;stingtheeyes意為“刺眼”;smellbad意為“難聞,刺鼻的怪味”;causeitching意為“引起瘙癢”;discolortheskin意為“使皮膚變色”。
句意:臭鼬通過(guò)噴灑一種散發(fā)臭味的物質(zhì)來(lái)保護(hù)自己免受敵人的攻擊。
10.單選題
ContrarytothesuggestionmadelastweekbyEliotSpitzer,theNewYorkStateattorneyGeneral,long-termmutualfundinvestorsarenotsignificantlyworseoffbecauseofshort-termtradingbymarkertimers.Buttradinginforeignstockmutualfundsconstitutesamajorexceptiontothisgeneralrule.
Spitzer’scommentscameonWednesday,whenhesaidthatsomefundcompanieshadallowedfavoredclientstobuyorselltheirfundsafterthestockmarketclose.Notonlywouldthisbeillegal,butitwouldalsoviolateinvestors’trustthatmutual,fundsputtheindividualandinstitutionalinvestorsonanequalfooting.
Mr.Spitzerannouncedthathehadreacheda$40millionsettlementwithEdwardJ.Stemandhishedgefund,CanaryCapitalPartners,whichdidnotadmitwrongdoing.Theattorneygeneralsaidfurtherinvestigationsofthemutualfundindustrywereunderway.
Hedidnotallegethatmarkettimingfrequentswitchingbetweenfundsandcash,generallytosidestepmarketdeclineswasitselfillegal.Buthehintedthatbecausemarkettimingsometimeshadadetrimentaleffectonlongtermfundinvestors,fundsmighthaveviolatedtheirfiduciaryresponsibilitiestoshareholdersbyallowingit.
Itiseasytounderstandhowthismaybeso.Thelargecashflowsthatresultfrommarkettimers’frequenttradingcanleadtosignificanttransactioncosts,whicharebornebyallshareholders,notjustbythetradersthemselves.
Thisiswhy,accordingtoJeffreyC.Keil,avicepresidentatLipperInc.almostallfundsincludelanguageintheirprospectusesreservingtherighttorejectsharepurchasefrominvestorsdeemedtobemarkettimers.Inpractice,however,accordingtoKeil,fewfundsactuallyprohibitsomeonefrominvestinginthem,thoughmanyimposefeesthatdiscourageshort-termtrading.
Onereasonthatfewfundscompletelyclosethedoortomarkettimersmaybethatthecostsimposedbymarkettimersinmostcasesareinsignificant.AccordingtoWilliamN.Goetzmann,afinanceprofessoratYale,dealingwiththeinflowsandredemptionsinducedbymarkettimersislittlemorethana“minorcash-managementproblem”formostfundmanagers.
ProfessorGoetzmann,pointstotheperformanceofindexfunds.Eventhoughtheyareusedheavilybymarkettimers,theirreturnsaretypicallyclosetothoseofthemarketaveragesthataretheirbenchmarks.Hecontendsthatthiswouldnotbethecaseifmarkettimerswerecausingasignificantdiminutioninfundreturns.
Butmarkettimingdoeshaveadverseconsequencesforlong-termshareholdersofforeignstockfunds.ConsiderafundbasedintheUnitedStatesthatinvestsinJapanesestocks.BecauseJapan’sstockmarketwillhavebeenclosedforhourswhenthisfundcalculatesthevalueofitsnetassetsat4p.m.inNewYork,itssharepricewillnotreflectanynewsfromthelastseveralhours.
MarkettimerscanusethisstalepricingtomakeaneasyprofitwithouthavingtogethelpfromamutualfundtotradeafterthemarketcloseinNewYork.TraderscanbuyforeignfundsimmediatelybeforethecloseonanydaythestockmarketintheUnitedStateshasrisenstrongly,andsellwheneverthemarkethassharplydeclined.
Ifyouarealong-terminvestorinforeignstockfunds,yourbestdefenseagainstsuchmarkettimersistoinvestinafundthatdiscouragesshort-termtrades.Fundsthatrelyonredemptionfeesarepreferabletothosethatuseback-endloads.Back-endloansarepaidtothefundssalesrepresentatives,whilearedemptionfeeistypicallypaidbackintothefunditselftoreimburseshareholdersforthecostsofthetrade.
1.Fromthesentence“Contrarytothesuggestion…”weknowSpitzerpredictedthatlong-termmutualfundinvestors____.
2.Spitzersuggestedthatallowingmarkettimingwas____.
3.Accordingtotheauthor’sview____.
4.Theauthorthinksthatmarkettimerscanmakeeasyprofitintheforeignstocks____.
5.Term“back-endloads”inthelastparagraphmeans____.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.wouldbegintohaveaveryhardtime
B.wouldsufferfurtherlosses
C.wouldbebeatenbymarkettimers
D.wouldcollapsesoon
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.illegal
B.unethical
C.disloyal
D.criminal
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.therearenoregulationsormeasurestodiscouragemarkettiming
B.thereareregulationstodiscouragebutsuchregulationsarenotseriouslyimplemented
C.manyfundsimplementedtheregulationstoprohibitmarkettiming;itisashort-termtrading
D.allimposesfeesthatwilldiscouragemarkettiming
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.bymakingothersfollowtheleadoftheirpractice
B.bybuyingforeignfundsimmediatelybeforethecloseofthestockmarketonanyday
C.bymakingfulluseofthetimedifference
D.bycalculatingthevalueat4p.m.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.entrycharges
B.depositcharges
C.exitcharges
D.investmentcharges
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:C
【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Fromthesentence“Contrarytothesuggestion…”weknowSpitzerpredictedthatlong-termmutualfundinvestors____.從“與建議相反……”這句話,我們知道Spitzer預(yù)測(cè)長(zhǎng)期共同基金投資者_(dá)___。
A.wouldbegintohaveaveryhardtimeA.將開始一個(gè)非常艱難的時(shí)期
B.wouldsufferfurtherlossesB.將遭受進(jìn)一步損失
C.wouldbebeatenbymarkettimersC.將被市場(chǎng)擇機(jī)者擊敗
D.wouldcollapsesoonD.很快就會(huì)崩潰
【答案】A
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Contrarytothesuggestion定位到原文第一段。本段第一句提到“與艾略特?斯皮策(EliotSpitzer)上周提出的建議相反(Contraryto),長(zhǎng)期共同基金投資者的處境并沒(méi)有因?yàn)槭袌?chǎng)擇機(jī)者的短線交易而明顯惡化(notsignificantlyworseoff)?!庇纱丝芍?,Spitzer的預(yù)測(cè)應(yīng)該是市場(chǎng)時(shí)機(jī)把握者的短線交易會(huì)導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)期共同基金投資者的處境變得十分艱難。A選項(xiàng)“將開始一個(gè)非常艱難的時(shí)期”最符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)“將遭受進(jìn)一步損失”,原文沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)“進(jìn)一步”的信息點(diǎn),該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有;
C選項(xiàng)“將被市場(chǎng)時(shí)機(jī)把握者擊敗”,處境艱難并不意味著“被打敗”,該選項(xiàng)屬于推理過(guò)度;
D選項(xiàng)“很快就會(huì)崩潰”,處境艱難不一定就會(huì)崩潰,該選項(xiàng)屬于推理過(guò)度。
第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Spitzersuggestedthatallowingmarkettimingwas____.斯皮策(Spitzer)認(rèn)為,允許市場(chǎng)時(shí)機(jī)選擇是____。
A.illegalA.非法的
B.unethicalB.不道德的
C.disloyalC.不忠誠(chéng)的
D.criminalD.犯罪的,觸犯刑法的
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞allowingmarkettiming定位到原文第四段。本段第一句提到“他并沒(méi)有聲稱(didnotallege),市場(chǎng)時(shí)機(jī)選擇頻繁地在基金和現(xiàn)金之間轉(zhuǎn)換,通常是為了避開市場(chǎng)下跌,這本身就是非法的(wasitselfillegal)。”第二句提到“但他暗示(hehinted),由于市場(chǎng)時(shí)機(jī)選擇(markettiming)有時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)長(zhǎng)期基金投資者產(chǎn)生不利影響,基金允許這種做法可能違反了對(duì)股東的信托責(zé)任(haveviolatedtheirfiduciaryresponsibilitiestoshareholders)?!庇伞斑`反了對(duì)股東的信托責(zé)任”可知,斯皮策(Spitzer)認(rèn)為這種行為是違背職業(yè)道德的,B選項(xiàng)“不道德的”最符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“非法的”,原文提到他并不認(rèn)為這是非法的,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
C選項(xiàng)“不忠誠(chéng)的”,側(cè)重于指對(duì)國(guó)家、家庭或朋友,沒(méi)有B選項(xiàng)符合原文,該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;
D選項(xiàng)“犯罪的,觸犯刑法的”,沒(méi)有依據(jù),屬于無(wú)中生有。
第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Accordingtotheauthor’sview____.根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)____。
A.therearenoregulationsormeasurestodiscouragemarkettimingA.不存在阻止市場(chǎng)時(shí)機(jī)選擇的規(guī)定或措施
B.thereareregulationstodiscouragebutsuchregulationsarenotseriouslyimplementedB.存在規(guī)章制度來(lái)阻止市場(chǎng)時(shí)機(jī)選擇,但是這些規(guī)章制度并沒(méi)有得到認(rèn)真的執(zhí)行
C.manyfundsimplementedtheregulationstoprohibitmarkettiming;itisashort-termtradingC.許多基金執(zhí)行了禁止市場(chǎng)時(shí)機(jī)選擇的規(guī)定;這是一種短期交易
D.allimposesfeesthatwilldiscouragemarkettimingD.所有這些公司都會(huì)收取費(fèi)用,阻礙市場(chǎng)時(shí)機(jī)選擇
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題思路】根據(jù)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容定位到原文第六段。本段第一句提到“幾乎所有的基金都在其招股說(shuō)明書中加入了保留拒絕被認(rèn)為是市場(chǎng)時(shí)機(jī)把握者的投資者購(gòu)買股票的權(quán)利的措辭(includelanguageintheirprospectuses)”由此可知,“阻止市場(chǎng)時(shí)機(jī)選擇的規(guī)定或措施”是存在的;本段第二句提到“在實(shí)踐中,很少有基金真正禁止(actuallyprohibit)投資者投資”,由此可知,實(shí)際上,這些規(guī)定并沒(méi)有被認(rèn)真執(zhí)行。綜上所述,B選項(xiàng)“存在規(guī)章制度來(lái)阻止市場(chǎng)時(shí)機(jī)選擇,但是這些規(guī)章制度并沒(méi)有得到認(rèn)真的執(zhí)行”最符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“不存在阻止市場(chǎng)時(shí)機(jī)選擇的規(guī)定或措施”,原文指出這種措施是存在的,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
C選項(xiàng)“許多基金執(zhí)行了禁止市場(chǎng)時(shí)機(jī)選擇的規(guī)定;這是一種短期交易”,原文指出這些規(guī)定沒(méi)有被很好地執(zhí)行,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
D選項(xiàng)“所有這些公司都會(huì)收取費(fèi)用,阻礙市場(chǎng)時(shí)機(jī)選擇”,可定位到原文第六段最后一句,該句提到“許多公司(many)收取費(fèi)用,阻礙短期交易”,由此可知,原文提到的是“許多公司”,而不是“所有公司”,該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全。
第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Theauthorthinksthatmarkettimerscanmakeeasyprofitintheforeignstocks____.作者認(rèn)為,____,“市場(chǎng)擇機(jī)者”可以在海外股市輕松獲利。
A.bymakingothersfollowtheleadoftheirpracticeA.通過(guò)讓其他人效仿他們的做法
B.bybuyingforeignfundsimmediatelybeforethecloseofthestockmarketonanydayB.通過(guò)在任何一天的股市收盤前購(gòu)買外國(guó)資金
C.bymakingfulluseofthetimedifferenceC.通過(guò)充分利用時(shí)差
D.bycalculatingthevalueat4p.m.D.通過(guò)計(jì)算下午四點(diǎn)的資產(chǎn)凈值
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞intheforeignstocks定位到原文第九、十段。第九段最后一句提到“由于該基金在紐約時(shí)間下午四點(diǎn)計(jì)算其資產(chǎn)凈值時(shí),日本股市已經(jīng)閉市數(shù)小時(shí),因此其股價(jià)不會(huì)反映過(guò)去幾個(gè)小時(shí)的任何消息”,由此可知,計(jì)算市值時(shí),沒(méi)有考慮美國(guó)和日本存在的時(shí)間差;第十段第一句提到“市場(chǎng)擇機(jī)者可以利用這種陳舊的定價(jià)方式輕松獲利(usethisstalepricingtomakeaneasyprofit)”,由此可知,市場(chǎng)擇機(jī)者正是利用這一點(diǎn)獲利的,C選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)充分利用時(shí)差”符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)讓其他人效仿他們的做法”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有;
B選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)在任何一天的股市收盤前購(gòu)買外國(guó)資金”,定位到原文第十段最后一句,該句提到“在美國(guó)股市大幅上漲的任何一天(onanydaythestockmarket…h(huán)asrisenstrongly),交易員都可以在收盤前立即買入外國(guó)基金,在股市大幅下跌的任何一天,交易員都可以賣出外國(guó)基金?!庇纱丝芍?,不是“在任何一天”,而是“股價(jià)上漲的任何一天”,買入股票,該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;
D選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)計(jì)算下午四點(diǎn)的資產(chǎn)凈值”,定位到原文第九段最后一句,該句提到“該基金在紐約時(shí)間下午四點(diǎn)計(jì)算其資產(chǎn)凈值”,該選項(xiàng)雖然表述正確,但幾點(diǎn)計(jì)算市值并不是“市場(chǎng)擇機(jī)者”決定的,該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。
第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Term“back-endloads”inthelastparagraphmeans____.最后一段中的“back-endloads”指____。
A.entrychargesA.入場(chǎng)費(fèi)用
B.depositchargesB.存款費(fèi)用
C.exitchargesC.退出費(fèi)用
D.investmentchargesD.投資費(fèi)用
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推測(cè)題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞back-endloads和thelastparagraph定位到原文最后一段第二、三句,這兩句提到“依賴于贖回費(fèi)用的基金比那些使用Back-endloans的基金更可取”,“Back-endloans是支付給基金銷售代表的,而贖回費(fèi)用(redemptionfees)通常會(huì)支付給基金本身,以補(bǔ)償股東交易的成本?!庇纱丝芍?,Back-endloans與贖回費(fèi)用(redemptionfees)是類似的,只是支付對(duì)象不同,由此推測(cè),Back-endloans也是在退出基金時(shí)需要支付的贖回費(fèi),C選項(xiàng)“退出費(fèi)用”最符合語(yǔ)義。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“入場(chǎng)費(fèi)用”、B選項(xiàng)“存款費(fèi)用”、D選項(xiàng)“投資費(fèi)用”,沒(méi)有依據(jù),該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。
11.單選題
Ananonymousletter_______policetothepossibilityofaterroristattackattheairport.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.imposed
B.alerted
C.warned
D.informed
【答案】B
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.imposed使(別人)接受自己的意見(jiàn)B.alerted向……報(bào)警,使警惕,使戒備(警告某人危險(xiǎn)或緊急情況)
C.warned提醒注意(可能發(fā)生的事),使警惕(以便于避免某事,尤指可能發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)或不愉快的事情)D.informed知會(huì),通知(尤指以官方的方式告訴某人某事)
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】橫線處和police構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配關(guān)系,指的是有人匿名向警察報(bào)警,說(shuō)可能會(huì)有人襲擊機(jī)場(chǎng),alerted符合語(yǔ)境,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境。
【句意】一封匿名信提醒警方注意機(jī)場(chǎng)可能會(huì)發(fā)生恐怖襲擊。
12.翻譯題
1.ManyAmericansharboragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.
2.Researcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyarestudyingmusttakeextraprecautionstoshedanybiasestheybringwiththemfromtheirownculture.
3.TheMBA,a20th-centuryproduct,alwayshasbornethemarkoflowlycommerceandgreedonthetree-linedcampusesruledbypurerdisciplinessuchasphilosophyandliterature.
4.OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.
5.Ourlinguistic(語(yǔ)言上的)andculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld.
【答案】1.很多美國(guó)人持有嚴(yán)重扭曲且夸張的觀點(diǎn),即大多數(shù)食物都存在安全問(wèn)題。
2.研究者如果不熟悉所研究的文化和族群,那就要特別注意,不要附加來(lái)自其自身文化的任何偏見(jiàn)。
3.MBA誕生于20世紀(jì),在綠樹成蔭的大學(xué)校園里,純學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)科如哲學(xué)和文學(xué)占主導(dǎo)地位,而MBA往往標(biāo)志著低俗的商業(yè)銅臭和貪婪。
4.我們的文化讓大多數(shù)美國(guó)人不僅認(rèn)為我們的語(yǔ)言通用,而且我們所使用的手勢(shì)也人人可以理解。
5.我們對(duì)語(yǔ)言和文化所知甚少,也不在意其他國(guó)家已經(jīng)形成的愛(ài)好、肢體語(yǔ)言、風(fēng)俗和語(yǔ)言,這正使我們失去全球性的朋友,錯(cuò)過(guò)商機(jī),喪失威信。
13.單選題
Theypersecutethosewhodonot()totheirideas.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.surrender
B.confirm
C.submit
D.conform
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。surrender“投降,屈服”,一般指戰(zhàn)敗而屈服;confirm“確認(rèn),證實(shí)”,一般指通過(guò)提供證據(jù)證明或表明某事物(絕對(duì))正確;submit“服從,提交”,一般指放棄抵抗,愿意服從對(duì)方;conform“符合,遵守”,側(cè)重于以同一群體或社會(huì)中大多數(shù)人的相同方式行動(dòng)和思考。句意:他們迫害那些不信奉他們思想的人。這里的關(guān)鍵詞是“idea”,所以選項(xiàng)D最恰當(dāng)。
14.單選題
Sincethedatafromtheexperimentsarenoteasytobeanalysed,itwillbeseveralweeksbeforeweknowwhetherwearefreetoproceedwiththesecondpartofourresearchprogram.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.from
B.arenoteasy
C.tobeanalysed
D.freetoproceedwith
【答案】B
【解析】語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。主謂不一致。are改成is。主語(yǔ)thedata為單數(shù),故系動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用is。
15.單選題
Thefirstthingwedidwaslookforerrorsinourexperimentaldesignandforeveryconceivable(
)thatcouldhaveledusastray.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.exposition
B.scenario
C.illustration
D.scheme
【答案】B
【解析】考察名詞辨析。exposition博覽會(huì),展覽會(huì);scenario方案,可能的情景;illustration例證,圖解;scheme計(jì)劃。句意:我們首先要做的事就是查找實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)中的錯(cuò)誤和可能誤導(dǎo)我們走人歧途的每一個(gè)能想到的可能情景。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
16.單選題
Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.HumanresourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired—rentedatthelowestpossiblecost-muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.
Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrasts,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral—usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutiveaftertheCEO,inthefirm’shierarchy.
WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.
Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan’teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.
1.WhichofthefollowingappliestomanagementofhumanresourcesinAmericancompanies?
2.Whatisthepositionoftheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm?
3.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputintrainingmainlygoesto().
4.Accordingtothepassage,thedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirm’scompetitiveadvantageis().
5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskills.
B.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition
C.Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthantoequipment
D.Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployeesownbusiness
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirm
B.Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologiesareintroduced
C.Hehasnosayinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm
D.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutive
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.technologicalandmanagerialstaff
B.workerwhocanoperatenewequipment
C.workerswholackbasicbackgroundskills
D.topexecutives
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.theintroductionofnewtechnologies
B.theimprovementofworkers'basicskills
C.therationalcompositionofprofessionalandmanagerialemployees
D.theattachmentofimportancetothebottomhalfoftheemployees
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermansfirmsinhuman-resourcemanagement.
B.Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehuman-resourcemanagement
C.Thehuman-resourcemanagementstrategiesofAmericanfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity
D.Theheadofhuman-resourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirm’sHierarchy
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:C
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:他們會(huì)以最低的成本雇傭工人而不在乎其勞動(dòng)技能,C:相比于生產(chǎn)設(shè)備,他們更加重視勞動(dòng)力,第一段指出:Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired-rentedatthelowestpossiblecost—muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment(勞動(dòng)力不過(guò)是雇來(lái)的另一種生產(chǎn)要素—以盡可能低的成本租用——就像購(gòu)買原材料或者設(shè)備),文章雖然說(shuō)美國(guó)公司并不是很注重勞動(dòng)力的技能但沒(méi)說(shuō)完全不考慮勞動(dòng)技能,因此A不正確,C也不正確。B:他們因競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈而只雇傭有技術(shù)的工人,第一段指出:Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem(如果可持續(xù)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)取決于勞動(dòng)力的技能,那么美國(guó)企業(yè)將會(huì)而臨麻煩)。由此可知美國(guó)企業(yè)并沒(méi)有很注重勞動(dòng)力的技能,因此B與原文不符。D:他們認(rèn)為技能的獲得是員工自己的事,由第一段中“Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility(技能的獲得被認(rèn)為是個(gè)人的事)”可知D正確。故選D。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO)(人力資源管理主管的職位通常是一項(xiàng)專門的工作,被劃在企業(yè)等級(jí)邊緣之外。坐在這個(gè)位子上的經(jīng)理主管人員從來(lái)不會(huì)在主要戰(zhàn)略性決策中被咨詢,并且沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)上升到執(zhí)行總裁的位子上),因此C“他在企業(yè)的重大決策中沒(méi)有發(fā)言權(quán)”正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees(他們投入的資金更多集中用在了專業(yè)人員和管理人員身上),故選A:技術(shù)和管理人員。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates(例如,如果美國(guó)的工人比德國(guó)工人(他們正是這樣做的)花費(fèi)更多的吋間學(xué)習(xí)如何操作新型靈活的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備,那么這些設(shè)備的有效成本在德國(guó)就會(huì)比在美國(guó)低)以及:Ifthebottomhalfcan’teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear(如果占半數(shù)的底層員工不能有效地?fù)?dān)任必須操作的流程的職員,那么伴隨這些流程的管理工作和專業(yè)工作就會(huì)消失),因此B項(xiàng)“工人基本技能的提升”正確。此題干擾項(xiàng)為D:重視占半數(shù)的底層員工,但是此選項(xiàng)不如B具體。因此本題選B。
5.主旨大意題。文章開頭就提出:如果可持續(xù)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)取決于勞動(dòng)力的技能,那么美國(guó)企業(yè)將會(huì)面臨麻煩。后面主要為兩部分:美國(guó)企業(yè)人力資源管理的現(xiàn)狀;工人基本技能提升對(duì)于保持企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力優(yōu)勢(shì)的重要意義。因此C“美國(guó)企業(yè)人力資源管理策略影響其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力”符合文章主旨。
17.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.
當(dāng)我們不堪重負(fù)、沮喪、失落,或因?yàn)槲覀冋J(rèn)為倒霉的事總是光臨我們而處于消極狀態(tài)時(shí),將這些消極的思想轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉e極的至關(guān)重要。從一件積極的小事情開始,并且一整天就一直重復(fù)想著,你將進(jìn)入一個(gè)更加積極的狀態(tài),這樣練下去,很快你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你將改變你的觀點(diǎn),選擇快樂(lè)的生活,而不在意周圍那些瑣事。
【答案】Whenwearestressed,depressed,upset,orotherwiseinanegativestateofmindbecauseweperceivethat“badthings”keephappeningtous,itisimportanttoshiftthosenegativethoughtstosomethingpositive.Ifyoustartwithonesmall,positivethingandrepeatitduringthecourseofyourday,youwillbegintomoveintoamorepositivesituation.Withpractice,youwillfindthatovertime,youwillchangeyouroutlookandchoosetobehappy,irregardlessoftheeventsaroundyou.
18.單選題
Thephrase“agriefago”(
)fromtheconventionalnormthatweshouldputaperiodoftimesuchas“fiveminutes”before“ago”.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.deviates
B.disconnects
C.detaches
D.distortes
【答案】A
【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)deviate“使脫離,偏離”;B選項(xiàng)disconnect“拆開,使分離”;C選項(xiàng)detach“分離,派遣”;D選項(xiàng)distort“扭曲,變形”。根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)“phrase短語(yǔ)”和介詞from,可知空格意思為“偏離”,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中deviatefrom有“偏離……”的意思,最符合空格意思,故正確答案選A。
19.單選題
Thegymhasequippedwithvariouspiecesofweight-lifting().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.apparatus
B.appliance
C.gauge
D.implement
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)apparatus“裝置;設(shè)備”;B選項(xiàng)appliance“器具;器械”;C選項(xiàng)gauge“計(jì)量器;容量規(guī)格”;D選項(xiàng)implement“工具;器具”。句意:這個(gè)健身房有各種舉重……。apparatus一般可用為所有設(shè)備的總稱。appliance側(cè)重指家用機(jī)器或設(shè)備,尤指家用電器。implement原指史前人類所用的工具,現(xiàn)在多指農(nóng)用工具,也可指為實(shí)現(xiàn)某個(gè)任務(wù)所需的工具或器具。地點(diǎn)是健身房,關(guān)鍵信息variouspiecesof“各種類型的”,在句中缺少對(duì)舉重設(shè)備的一個(gè)總的概括。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
20.單選題
Weallleftthemeeting,beingconvincedthattheprojectwas().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.fertile
B.inevitable
C.inherent
D.feasible
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我們都離開了會(huì)場(chǎng),并確信這個(gè)項(xiàng)目可行。
考查形容詞辨析。fertile肥沃的,富饒的,能生育的;inevitable必然的,不可避免的;inherent固有的,遺傳的;feasible可行的,可能的。因此D符合句意。
21.翻譯題
Theundeniablefactisthatclimateisglobalproblemthatrequiresaglobalsolution.Tobesure,industrializationintheNorthcontributedenormouslytoincr
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