考研考博-英語-山西財(cái)貿(mào)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西財(cái)貿(mào)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thebranchescouldhardly（）theweightofthefruit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retain

B.sustain

C.maintain

D.remain

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)retain“保持、保留”；B選項(xiàng)sustain“維持、支撐”；C選項(xiàng)maintain“維護(hù)、維持”；D選項(xiàng)remain“剩下、留下”，句意為：樹枝幾乎無法承受果實(shí)的重量。sustaintheweightofsth“支撐某物”，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

EuropeanUnionenvironmentalofficialshavedeterminedthattwokindsofgeneticallymodifiedcorncouldharmbutterflies,affectfoodchainsanddisturblifeinriversandstreams,andtheyhaveproposedabanonthesaleoftheseeds,whicharemadebyDuPontPioneer,DowAgrosciencesandSyngentA.ThepreliminarydecisionsarecirculatingwithintheEuropeanCommission,whichhasthefinalsay.SomeofficialsthereareskepticalofabanthatwouldupsetthepowerfulbiotechnologyindustryandcouldexacerbatetensionswithimportanttradingpartnersliketheUnitedStates.TheseedsarenotavailableontheEuropeanmarketforcultivation.

Inthedecisions,theenvironmentcommissioner,StavrosDimas,contendsthatthegeneticallymodifiedcom,ormaizecouldaffectcertainbutterflyspecies,specificallythemonarch,andotherbeneficialinsects.Forinstance,researchthisyearindicatesthatlarvaeofthemonarchbutterflyexposedtothegeneticallymodifiedcom“behavedifferentlythanotherlarvae.”InthedecisionconcerningthecornseedsproducedbyDowandPioneer,Mr.Dimascalls“potentialdamageontheenvironmentirreversible.”InthedecisiononSyngenta’scom,hesaysthat“thelevelofriskgeneratedbythecultivationofthisproductfortheenvironmentisunacceptable.”

AdecisionbytheEuropeanUniontobarcultivationofthegeneticallymodifiedcropswouldbethefirstofitskindinthetradebloc,andwouldintensifythecontinuingbattleovergeneticallymodifiedcorn.BanningtheapplicationsforcorncropsalsowouldmarkaboldnewstepforEuropeanenvironmentalauthorities,whoarealreadyaggressivelypursuingregulationsonemissionsfromcarsandaircraft,settingitatoddswiththeUnitedStatesandangeringindustries.

“TheseproductshavebeengrownintheU.S.andothercountriesforyears,”saidStephenNorton,aspokesmanfortheUnitedStatestraderepresentative,“WearenotawareofanyothercasewhenaproducthasbeenrejectedafterhavingbeenreviewedanddeterminedsafebyEuropeanfoodsafetyauthorities,”hesaid.

BarbaraHelfferich,aspokeswomanforMr.Dimas,declinedtocommentonthespecificsoftheprocedurebecausecommissionershadnotyetmadeafinaldecision.ButshesaidthattheEuropeanUnionwaswithinitsrightstomakedecisionsbasedonthe“precautionaryprinciple”evenwhenscientistshadfoundnodefinitiveevidenceprovingproductscancauseharm.ShesaidthatthedecisionsbyMr.Dimascouldgobeforethecommissionwithinafewweeks,butshesaidthatnodatehadbeenset.Inthedecisions,Mr.Dimascitedrecentresearchshowingthatconsumptionofgeneticallymodified“combyproductsreducedgrowthandincreasedmortalityofnon-targetstreaminsects”andthattheseinsects“areimportantpreyforaquaticandriparianpredators”andthatthiscouldhave“unexpectedecosystem-scaleconsequences.”

Althoughstillpreliminary,hisdecisionscoulddrasticallytiltthepolicyagainstfutureapprovalsofgeneticallymodifiedcrops,saidNathalieMoll,aspokeswomanforEuropabio,anindustrygroupwith80membersincludingSyngenta,PioneerandDow.EuropabiosaysthatthecropsgrownusingthegeneticallymodifiedcomarealreadyimportedintoseveralEuropeancountries,includingFranceandGermany,wheretheyareusedtofeedanimalslikecowsandchickens.

RobGianfranceschi,spokesmanattheUnitedStatesmissiontotheEuropeanUnioninBrussels,saiditwastooearlytocommentonadecisionthathadnotyetbeenformalizeD.ButhemadeclearthattheUnitedStatesremainedfrustratedwithEuropeanpoliciesongeneticallymodifiedcrops.

1.Thepreliminarydecisionsaremadeby______.

2.Tothedecisions,theEuropeanCommissionofficials’attitudesare______.

3.Aboutthedecisions,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Mr.Dimascitedmanyresearchesonthegeneticallymodifiedcorninhisdecisioninorderto______.

5.Theword“tilt”inParA.6mostprobablymeans______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.StavrosDimas

B.EuropeanUnionenvironmentalofficials

C.EuropeanCommission

D.DuPontPioneer,DowAgrosciencesandSyngenta

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.skeptical

B.controversial

C.divergent

D.contradictory

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thedecisionsaimtoputabanonthesaleoftheseedsofgeneticallymodifiedcornduetopoliticalandbiologicalconcerns

B.Thedecisionscouldprobablybemadeevenifnodefinitiveevidenceprovingtheproductsharmfulisfound

C.ThedecisionsarewarmlyembracedbyallEUmembersbutbitterlyrejectedbytheirtradepartners

D.ThereishighpossibilitythatthedecisionswouldbeapprovedbytheEuropeanCommission

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.dispelsomeofficials’doubtonhisdecisions

B.assurethattheycanbepresentedbeforethecommissionwithsolidevidence

C.demonstratethelatestachievementofhisdecision

D.enhancethestrengthofhisdecision-making

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.induce

B.affect

C.incline

D.evoke

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“preliminarydecisions”（初步的決定）可定位到文中第一段第二句“ThepreliminarydecisionsarecirculatingwithintheEuropeanCommission,”（初步?jīng)Q定正在擁有最終決定權(quán)的歐盟委員會(huì)內(nèi)部流傳），故判斷C選項(xiàng)“歐盟委員會(huì)”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“EuropeanCommissionofficial”（歐盟委員會(huì)官員）可定位到文中第一段第三句“SomeofficialsthereareskepticalofabanthatwouldupsetthepowerfulbiotechnologyindustryandcouldexacerbatetensionswithimportanttradingpartnersliketheUnitedStates.”（一些官員對(duì)這一禁令持懷疑態(tài)度，因?yàn)樗鼘_亂強(qiáng)大的生物技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)，并可能加劇與美國等重要貿(mào)易伙伴的緊張關(guān)系）。A選項(xiàng)“持懷疑態(tài)度的”符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“有爭議的”，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)散的”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“矛盾的”不符合題意，可排除。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“decisions”（決定）可定位到文中第三段“AdecisionbytheEuropeanUniontobarcultivationofthegeneticallymodifiedcropswouldbethefirstofitskindinthetradebloc,andwouldintensifythecontinuingbattleovergeneticallymodifiedcorn”。中文翻譯：歐盟禁止種植轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的決定，將是歐盟首次做出此類決定，并將加劇圍繞轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的持續(xù)斗爭。A選項(xiàng)“出于政治和生物方面的考慮，這些決定旨在禁止銷售轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米種子”符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“即使沒有確鑿的證據(jù)證明產(chǎn)品有害，也有可能做出決定”，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“這些決定受到所有歐盟成員國的熱烈歡迎，但遭到其貿(mào)易伙伴的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“這些決定很有可能得到歐盟委員會(huì)的批準(zhǔn)。”不符合題意，可排除。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Mr.Dimas”可定位到文中的第二段。A選項(xiàng)“打消了一些官員對(duì)他的決定的懷疑。”官員對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米對(duì)環(huán)境的影響持肯定態(tài)度，Mr.Dimas與他們的觀點(diǎn)一致，因此可排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)“確保向委員會(huì)提供確鑿證據(jù)。”符合題意，B選項(xiàng)正確。C選項(xiàng)“展示他決定的最新成果?！甭?lián)系上下文，Mr.Dimas的觀點(diǎn)不是為了展示他決定的最新成果，因此可排除。D選項(xiàng)“增強(qiáng)他的決策力?！币膊环项}意，也可排除。因此，選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.詞義辨析題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞可定位到文中第六段。A選項(xiàng)“誘導(dǎo)；引起”，B選項(xiàng)“影響”，C選項(xiàng)“傾向于；（使）傾向于”，D選項(xiàng)“引起，喚起；博得”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“policy”（政策），可排除A、D選項(xiàng)，由關(guān)鍵詞“drastically”（徹底地，激烈地）可推測這個(gè)決定的所產(chǎn)生的后果比較嚴(yán)重，因此B選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)與詞義意思相近，因此，C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

WalkthroughTimesSquare—you’rebombardedwithadvertising.Anditturnsout,abumblebeemighthaveasimilarfeeling,buzzingthroughafieldofflowers.“Sotheseflowersarethesebillboards,they’readvertisingacommodity,thisdeliciousnectar(花蜜)reward,andbeesareverypickyshoppers”,saysAnneLeonard,apollinationbiologistattheUniversityofNevada,Reno.

Shedescribesaflowerfieldasasortofpollinationmarketplace.“Beesarenectarexperts.Theyarereallygoodatassessingevenreallysmalldifferencesinthesugarconcentrationofnectar.”Theyalsoscopeoutflowershapeandsize,colorandscent.AndnowLeonardandhercolleagueshavediscoveredthatbumblebeesarealsosensitivetopollen.

Theyfoundthatoutbylacingbatchesofcherrypollenwitheithertablesugarorbitterquinine.Andtodisplaythepollentobees,“Wegotreallyintoit—westarted3-Dprintingflowersinourlab.”Andfortheanther—themaleflowerpart,whichpresentsthepollen—pipecleaners.“SoweboughtoutMichael’scraftstoresuppliesofthesepipecleanersandusedtheminourexperiments.”

Itturnsoutbeeswouldreturnagainandagaintothesamecolorflowerthatdispensedsweetpollen,andspendmoretimecollectingthere.Butwhenconfrontedwiththebitterpollen,theysoughtadifferentcoloredflowerfortheirverynextstop.Allofwhichsuggeststhat,inadditiontosavoringnectar,beestastepollentoo—andjudgeflowersbyit.TheresultsareinthejournalBiologyLetters.

Thefindingmeansthatplantshavetofindahappymedium:“Socanyoumakeyourpollenattractiveenoughthatthebeeswillcollectit,butdistastefulenoughthattheywon’tcollecttoomuchofit?”Andthatbalancingact,ofcarefullycalibratedchemistry(校準(zhǔn)化學(xué))—it’sjustoneofthemanytransactionsthatplaysoutinthebuzzingpollinationmarketplace,wheretheobjectistomakeasweetprofit.

1.Whatdoestheauthorcompareaflowerfieldto?

2.Whyarebeesdescribedasnectarexperts?

3.WhatareusedtopresentthepollenbyAnneandhercolleaguesintheirexperiments?

4.Howdobeeschoosewheretovisitinaflowerfieldaccordingtothepassage?

5.WhatdoAnneandhercolleagues’researchfindingssuggest?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TimesSquare.

B.Acommodity.

C.Abillboard.

D.Ashopper.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheyareabletodetectdifferencesinsugarlevelsofnectar.

B.Becausetheyarecapableofdiscerningdifferenttypesofflowers.

C.Becausetheyknowinstinctivelywheretocollectmorenectar.

D.Becausetheycoulddistinguishsweetpollenfrombitterone.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.3-Dprinters.

B.Pipecleaners.

C.Sugar.

D.Quinine.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bycolorandscentofflowers.

B.Bytasteofnectarandpollen.

C.Bymalenessorfemalenessofflowers.

D.Byshapeandsizeofflowers.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Calibratedchemistryisveryusefulinchangingthestructureofpollen.

B.Attractingmorebeestopollinatecouldmakeplantsmoreproductive.

C.Themorebeestobeattracted,thebetteritwillbeforthepollen.

D.Thetasteofpollencanbecontrolledforcommercialpurpose.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“WalkthroughTimesSquare—you’rebombardedwithadvertising.Anditturnsout,abumblebeemighthaveasimilarfeeling,buzzingthroughafieldofflowers.‘Sotheseflowersarethesebillboards,they’readvertisingacommodity,thisdeliciousnectar(花蜜)reward,andbeesareverypickyshoppers’（走過紐約時(shí)代廣場，你會(huì)被廣告不斷侵?jǐn)_。事實(shí)證明，熊蜂在嗡嗡地飛過花田時(shí)，可能會(huì)有類似的感覺。因?yàn)檫@些花朵就像是那些廣告牌，它們?cè)跒檫@些美味可口的花蜜打廣告，而蜜蜂就是那些非常挑剔的消費(fèi)者）”。由此可知作者把花田比作時(shí)代廣場，把花朵比作廣告牌。A選項(xiàng)“時(shí)代廣場”；B選項(xiàng)“一種商品”；C選項(xiàng)“廣告牌”；D選項(xiàng)“購物者”。B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Beesarenectarexperts.Theyarereallygoodatassessingevenreallysmalldifferencesinthesugarconcentrationofnectar.（蜜蜂是花蜜專家。它們很擅長評(píng)估花蜜，即使花蜜糖的濃度存在微小的區(qū)別它們也能感覺到。）”。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗鼈兡軌驒z測出花蜜中糖分水平的差異”；B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗鼈兡軌虮鎰e不同種類的花”；C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗鼈儽灸艿刂廊ツ睦锊杉嗟幕邸?；D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢詤^(qū)分甜花粉和苦花粉”。B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Andtodisplaythepollentobees,‘Wegotreallyintoit—westarted3-Dprintingflowersinourlab.’（為了向蜜蜂展示花粉，‘我們進(jìn)行了非常深入地研究，我們開始在實(shí)驗(yàn)室用3D技術(shù)打印花朵?！?。A選項(xiàng)“3D打印技術(shù)”正確；B選項(xiàng)“清管器”是為了呈現(xiàn)花藥部分；C選項(xiàng)“甜蔗糖”和D選項(xiàng)“苦奎寧”是為了試驗(yàn)蜜蜂對(duì)花粉味道的評(píng)估。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“Itturnsoutbeeswouldreturnagainandagaintothesamecolorflowerthatdispensedsweetpollen,andspendmoretimecollectingthere.（實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，蜜蜂會(huì)在含有甜蔗糖花粉的相同顏色花朵間重復(fù)往返，并且花費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間來采集。）”。A選項(xiàng)“根據(jù)花的顏色和氣味”正確；B選項(xiàng)“通過花蜜和花粉的味道”；C選項(xiàng)“通過花的雄性或雌性”；D選項(xiàng)“根據(jù)花朵的形狀和大小”。B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Andthatbalancingact,ofcarefullycalibratedchemistry(校準(zhǔn)化學(xué))—it’sjustoneofthemanytransactionsthatplaysoutinthebuzzingpollinationmarketplace,wheretheobjectistomakeasweetprofit.（這一精確校準(zhǔn)化學(xué)的平衡做法，只是蜜蜂授粉市場上進(jìn)行的眾多交易中的其中一種。該市場的目標(biāo)是獲得甜蜜的利潤。）”，由此可知市場上很多人為了商業(yè)利潤會(huì)人為的控制花粉的味道。A選項(xiàng)“校準(zhǔn)化學(xué)在改變花粉結(jié)構(gòu)方面非常有用”看似正確，但是聯(lián)系全文以及安妮和同事們的研究，她們?cè)囼?yàn)的結(jié)果主要還是表明花粉味道的可控性；B選項(xiàng)“吸引更多的蜜蜂授粉可以使植物更多產(chǎn)”和C選項(xiàng)“吸引的蜜蜂越多，花粉就越好”都不符合題意；D選項(xiàng)“為了商業(yè)目的，花粉的味道可以被控制”說法正確，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Suddenlythedailyfearanduncertainty（）intofull-scaleterror,andtheshipechoedwithscreams.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evaporated

B.escalated

C.evacuated

D.exaggerated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。evaporate“蒸發(fā)，使脫水”；escalate“升級(jí)”；evacuate”疏散，撤出”；exaggerate“夸張，夸大”。句意：突然，平時(shí)的恐懼和不確定性升級(jí)為徹底的恐懼，船上回響著尖叫聲。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.問答題

Itdemonstrateswhyitisessentialthatwefocuseffortsonmeasurestohelppreventolder

A

peoplefrombecomingillinthefirstplaceandonhavingexcellenthealthandsocialcare

B

C

servicesforthemsincetheydo.

D

【答案】試題答案：D;if

【解析】考查連詞。此處表示假設(shè)，用連詞if（假如）。

6.單選題

Thischildwassoobstinatethatherefusedtoadmittohismistakes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obsessive

B.furious

C.stubborn

D.rebellious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)obsessive“強(qiáng)迫性的”；B選項(xiàng)furious“狂怒的”；C選項(xiàng)stubborn“頑固的”；D選項(xiàng)rebellious“叛逆的”。句意：這孩子太固執(zhí)了，拒不承認(rèn)自己的錯(cuò)誤。劃線部分obstinate是固執(zhí)的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Ideas（）fromone'sownexperiencearesometimesmorevaluablethanthosefrombooks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.derived

B.deprived

C.retreated

D.restored

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。derivefrom"來自……"；deprive"剝奪，使喪失"，后面一般接介詞of；retreat"撤退"；restore"歸還，使恢復(fù)"。句意：人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談?dòng)袝r(shí)比書本里的話更有價(jià)值。選項(xiàng)A正確。

8.單選題

Theheartis______intelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notso

B.notmuch

C.nomore

D.muchmore

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：心臟不比胃聰明，因?yàn)樗鼈兌加纱竽X控制。根據(jù)題干intelligentthan可知考查形容詞的比較級(jí)，確定有more，根據(jù)語境心臟和胃都受大腦控制確定C選項(xiàng)nomore符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Airpollution（

）tomanykindsofdiseases.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confirms

B.communicates

C.consumes

D.contributes

【答案】D

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。confirm“確認(rèn)；確定；證實(shí)”；communicate“傳達(dá)；感染；顯露”；consume“消耗，消費(fèi)”；contribute“貢獻(xiàn)，捐獻(xiàn)”。contributeto“有助于，捐獻(xiàn)”。句意：空氣污染導(dǎo)致各種疾病。

10.單選題

Ifyouwanttogetintothattunnel,youfirsthaveto____awayalltherocks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.haul

B.transfer

C.repel

D.dispose

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.haul（用力）拖；拉；拽B.transfer（使）轉(zhuǎn)移；搬遷

C.repel擊退；驅(qū)逐D.dispose排列；布置；安排

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：如果你想進(jìn)入隧道，你必須先……所有的巖石。根據(jù)句意，進(jìn)入隧道前要把阻擋的巖石移走。因此選A選項(xiàng)正確，表示用力拖走巖石。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)transfer“（使）轉(zhuǎn)移；搬遷”，多指到新地方，到新的工作、學(xué)校、環(huán)境；該選項(xiàng)不符合語境；

C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】如果你想進(jìn)入隧道，你首先得把所有的石頭都拖走。

11.填空題

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet.

Caringforelderlyparentscatchesmanyunprepared[A]LastJuly,JulieBaldocchi’smotherhadamassivestrokeandwasparalyzed.Baldocchisuddenlyhadtobecomeafamilycaregiver,somethingthatshewasn’tpreparedfor.“Iwasflyingbytheseatofmypants,”saysBaldocchi,anemploymentspecialistinSanFrancisco.Bothofherparentsare83,andsheknewherfathercouldn’thandlehermother’scare.Thehospitalrecommendedputtinghermotherinanursinghome.Baldocchiwasn’twillingtodothat.Butmovingherbackintoherparents’homecreatedotherproblems.Baldocchi,48,ismarriedandlivesaboutamileawayfromherparents.Shehasafull-timejobandhasbackproblemsthatmakeitdifficultforhertolifthermother.“Icouldn’tdoitall,”shesays.ButIdidn’tevenknowhowtofindhelp.”

[B]WithhelpfromthefamilyCaregiverAlliance,sheeventuallyhiredalive-incaregiver.“Butevenifyouplanintellectuallyandlegally,you’reneverreadyfortheemotionalimpact,”Baldocchisays.Inthefirsttwomonthsafterhermother’sstroke,shelostabout30poundsasstressmounted.Morethan42millionAmericansprovidefamilycaregivingforanadultwhoneedshelpwithdailyactivities,accordingtoa2009surveybytheAARP.Anadditional61.6millionprovidedatleastsomecareduringtheyear.Andmanyareunprepared.

[C]Whilemanyparentslackanadvancecaredirective,it’sthemostbasicandimportantsteptheycantake.Thedirectiveincludesseveralparts,including:adurablepowerofattorney,whichgivessomeonelegalauthoritytomakefinancialdecisionsonanother’sbehalf;ahealthcareproxy,whichissimilartothepowerofattorney,exceptitallowssomeonetomakedecisionsregardingmedicaltreatment;andalivingwillthatoutlinesinstructionsforend-of-lifecare.(Forexample,parentscansayiftheywanttobekeptalivebyartificialmeasures.)“It’sinvaluableforthekids,becauseit’shardtomakethosedecisionsforaparent,”saysJenniferCona,anelder-lawattorneyatGenserDubowGenser&ConainMelville,N.Y.Anadvancecaredirectiveisthefirstlineofdefenseifasituationarises,saysKathleenKelly,executivedirectoroftheFamilyCaregiverAlliance,whichsupportsandeducatescaregivers.Withoutanadvancedirective,thefamilywillhavetopetitionthecourttobeappointedtheparent’slegalguardian,saysAgingC.

[D]It’simportantforfamiliestotalkaboutlong-termcaresotheadultchildrenknowtheirparents’preferences,wishesangoals,saysLynnFeinberg,acaregivingexpertatAARP.Butit’snotaneasyconversation.Elderlyparentsaresometimessuspiciousoftheirchildren’sfinancialmotives,saysSusanJohn,afinancialplanneratFinancialFocusinWolfeboro,N.H.OneclientaskedJohntoholdafamilymeetingbecausetheyneededanintermediarytotalkaboutfinancialissues,shesays.Andwhentherearemanysiblings,thefamilydecisionscanbecomeathree-ringcircuswithmuchacrimony,saysAnn-MargaretCarrozza,anelder-lawattorneyinGlenCove,N.Y.Familieswhoneedinformationandhelpsortingoutdisagreementscancallonelder-lawattorneys,financialplanners,geriatriccaremanagersandcaregiversupportgroups.InFebruary,AARPsaiditwillofferitsmembersanewcaregivingsupportservicethroughfinancialservicesfirmGenworth.

[E]Manyfamiliesareunpreparedforquickdecisions,especiallywhentheyfindoutthatMedicaredoesn’tpayforlong-termcare,Feinbergsays.Themediancostofayearinaprivateroomatanursinghomein2011was$77,745,accordingtoGenworth.AndonlythosewhohavespentmostoftheirassetscanqualifyforMedicaidtopayforthenursinghome.

[F]Assistedlivingisanotheroption.Residentscanhavetheirownapartmenttomaintainsomeindependence.Butthefacilitiesgenerallyprovidepersonalcareservices,suchasmeals,housekeepingandassistancewithactivities.Still,it’snotcheap:Thenationalmediancostin2011was$39,135,accordingtoGenworth.Assistedlivingisn’tcoveredbyMedicaid.

[G]Iftheyhaveachoice,atleast90%ofelderlyparentsprefertostayathomeaslongastheycan,accordingtoAARPresearch.Butiftheparentscannolongersafelyliveathome,itcanbehardforchildrentomovethemintoanadultcarefacility.Theremaybeanotheroption.Sometimesthehomecanbemodifiedsoaparentcanstaythere.Forexample,Baldocchiputinachairliftforhermother.Shealsoarrangedforahomecaregiver.

[H]Familycaregiverstakeovermanyresponsibilities.Onemightmanageaparent’sfinances,whileanothersiblingwilltaketheparenttodoctors’appointmentsandshopping.Thosewhomoveinwithaparenttakeonasignificantandsustainedburdenofcare.JanWalkermovedintohermother’shomeinLeesburg,Fla.Afterhermother,whois83,hadfallen,shewasn’tabletogetaroundaswell.Walker,55,hasthreebrothers.Butsheistheonlydaughter,isdivorcedandhasnochildren.“IalwaysknewthatthiswastherolethatIwouldhave,andIguessmymindwaspreparedforit,”saysWalker,whonowisafull-timecaregiverandworksfromhomeasatutorialinstructorforadigitalscrapbookingwebsite.“Whenyougetintothetrenches,it’sliterallybaptismbyfire,”shesays.“Newthingscomeup.It’snotjustaboutadvanceplanningforfinancesormedicalcare.It’severything,”shesays.

[I]Caregiversneedtoalsowatchtheirownhealth.“Thereissuchathingascaregiverburnout,”Conasays.Amongfemalecaregivers50andolder,20%reportedsymptomsofdepression,accordingtoa2010studyonworkingcaregiversbyMetLife.“It’sahardjob.”Walkersays.“Butmostworthwhilethingsarehard.ShewasalwaysthereformewhenIneededahelpinghand.It’sonlynaturalthatIbehereforhernow.

11.Whenelderlyparentscannotliveathomesafely,theirchildrencanchangetheirhomeinsteadofsendingthemtoanadultcarefacility.

12.Totalkaboutlong-termcareisnoteasybecausesometimesagedparentsaresuspiciousoftheirchildren’sfinancialmotives.

13.Besidesadvanceplanningforfinancesormedicalcare,familycaregiverstakeovermanyotherresponsibilities.

14.Thedifferencebetweenadurablepowerofattorneyandahealthcareproxyisthatthelatterallowssomeonetomakedecisionsregardingmedicaltreatment.

15.Baldocchididnotwanttosendhermothertoanursinghome,butshehaddifficultytakingcareofher.

16.Over42millioncaregivershelpedanadultwitheverydayactivitiesintheUSAin2009.

17.Ifafamilyneedsinformationorhelptosortoutdisagreements,therearemanypeopletheycancallon.

18.Caregiversshouldpayattentiontotheirownhealth,ortheymaybumoutorbecomedepressed.

19.Onewillhavetopetitionthecourttobetheparent’slegalguardian,ifthereisnoadvancedirective.

20.Thenationalmediancostofassistedlivingin2011was$39,135anditisnotcoveredbyMedicaid.

【答案】11.G

12.D

13.H

14.C

15.A

16.B

17.D

18.I

19.C

20.F

【解析】11.題干：當(dāng)年邁的父母不能安全地生活在家里時(shí)，他們的孩子可以改變他們的家，而不是送他們到成人護(hù)理機(jī)構(gòu)。由題干的anadultcarefacility可以定位到G選項(xiàng)第二句Butiftheparentscannolongersafelyliveathome,itcanbehardforchildrentomovethemintoanadultcarefacility.“但如果父母不能再安全地住在家里，孩子們就很難把他們送到成人看護(hù)機(jī)構(gòu)”，這里是題干的同義替換，所以答案選G。

12.題干：談?wù)撻L期護(hù)理并不容易，因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)年邁的父母會(huì)懷疑子女的經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)機(jī)。由題干定位到D選項(xiàng)第三句Elderlyparentsaresometimessuspiciousoftheirchildren’sfinancialmotives…“年邁的父母有時(shí)會(huì)懷疑孩子的經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)機(jī)……”從這里可知答案選D。

13.題干：除了提前計(jì)劃財(cái)務(wù)或醫(yī)療護(hù)理，家庭照顧者還承擔(dān)許多其他責(zé)任。由題干的financesormedicalcare“財(cái)務(wù)或醫(yī)療護(hù)理”定位到H選項(xiàng)倒數(shù)第一二句It’snotjustaboutadvanceplanningforfinancesormedicalcare.It’severything,”shesays.“這不僅僅是關(guān)于財(cái)政或醫(yī)療保健的預(yù)先計(jì)劃。這就是所有?！彼f。這句符合題干題意，所以答案選H。

14.題干：持久委托書和醫(yī)療代理書的區(qū)別在于后者允許某人就醫(yī)療治療作出決定。通過題干的attorney和ahealthcareproxy（醫(yī)療代理）定位到C選項(xiàng)的第二句話Thedirectiveincludesseveralparts,including:adurablepowerofattorney,whichgivessomeonelegalauthoritytomakefinancialdecisionsonanother’sbehalf;ahealthcareproxy,whichissimilartothepowerofattorney,exceptitallowssomeonetomakedecisionsregardingmedicaltreatment;andalivingwillthatoutlinesinstructionsforend-of-lifecare.（Forexample,parentscansayiftheywanttobekeptalivebyartificialmeasures.）“該指令包括幾個(gè)部分，包括：持久委托書，賦予某人代表另一人做出財(cái)務(wù)決定的法律權(quán)力；醫(yī)療代理，類似于委托書，但允許某人就醫(yī)療作出決定；還有一份生前遺囑，列出了臨終護(hù)理的指導(dǎo)。（例如，父母可以說他們是否想通過人工手段維持生命）”，這里說出了委托書和醫(yī)療代理的不同，所以答案選C選項(xiàng)。

15.題干：巴爾多奇并不想把母親送到養(yǎng)老院，但她很難照顧她。文章定位到A選項(xiàng)倒數(shù)第二句話Shehasafull-timejobandhasbackproblemsthatmakeitdifficultforhertolifthermother.“她有一份全職工作，而且背部有問題，這使得她很難抱起她的母親”從這里可以看出Baldocchi有自己的難處，工作，背傷都讓她心有余而力不足，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.題干：2009年，美國有超過4200萬護(hù)理人員幫助成年人進(jìn)行日?；顒?dòng)。根據(jù)文章的數(shù)據(jù)42million和2009可以定位到B選項(xiàng)倒數(shù)第二句話Morethan42millionAmericansprovidefamilycaregivingforanadultwhoneedshelpwithdailyactivities,accordingtoa2009surveybytheAARP.“美國退休人員協(xié)會(huì)（AARP）2009年的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，超過4200萬美國人為日?；顒?dòng)需要幫助的成年人提供家庭照顧”，這句符合題干，所以選B選項(xiàng)。

17.題干：如果一個(gè)家庭需要信息或幫助解決分歧，他們可以找很多人。根據(jù)文章中的sortoutdisagreement“解決分歧”定位到D選項(xiàng)倒數(shù)第二句話Andwhentherearemanysiblings,thefamilydecisionscanbecomeathree-ringcircuswithmuchacrimony,saysAnn-MargaretCarrozza,anelder-lawattorneyinGlenCove,N.Y.Familieswhoneedinformationandhelpsortingoutdisagreementscancallonelder-lawattorneys,financialplanners,geriatriccaremanagersandcaregiversupportgroups.“美國退休人員協(xié)會(huì)（AARP）2009年的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，超過4200萬美國人為日常活動(dòng)需要幫助的成年人提供家庭照顧”，從這里可以看出當(dāng)家庭成員有分歧時(shí)他們可以尋求律師，理財(cái)師等人的幫助，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)符合題意，所以答案選D。

18.題干：照顧者應(yīng)該注意自己的健康，否則他們可能會(huì)精疲力盡或變得抑郁。定位到I選項(xiàng)第一句話Caregiversneedtoalsowatchtheirownhealth.“護(hù)理人員也需要關(guān)注自己的健康”，這里跟題干屬于同義替換，所以答案選I。

19.題干：如果沒有事先指示，孩子必須向法院申請(qǐng)成為孩子父母的合法監(jiān)護(hù)人。根據(jù)文章關(guān)鍵詞petition“請(qǐng)?jiān)浮焙蚢dvancedirective“預(yù)先指示”，定位到C選項(xiàng)最后一句話Withoutanadvancedirective,thefamilywillhavetopetitionthecourttobeappointedtheparent’slegalguardian,saysAgingC.“AgingC網(wǎng)站表示，如果沒有事先的指示，這個(gè)家庭將不得不向法院申請(qǐng)指定父母的法定監(jiān)護(hù)人”，這里表達(dá)的意思和題干相同，所以答案選C。

20.題干：2011年，全國輔助生活費(fèi)用的中位數(shù)為39135美元，這不在醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)的覆蓋范圍內(nèi)。根據(jù)文章數(shù)據(jù)2011和$39,135可以定位到F選項(xiàng)倒數(shù)第一、二句Thenationalmediancostin2011w