考研考博-英語-宿州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-宿州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Manynovelsthatattempttomirrortheworldarereally___oftherealitythattheyrepresent.

問題1選項

A.reflections

B.demonstrations

C.illuminations

D.reproductions

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.reflections反射B.demonstrations示范；展示

C.illuminations啟發(fā)；闡釋D.reproductions復(fù)制品

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格前that引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，先行詞是novel，這里mirror做動詞表反映，意思為反映世界的小說；空格后of短語做后置定語，表示所代表事實的……；根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該是反映世界的小說是所代表事實的反映。這兩處應(yīng)該相對應(yīng)。綜上所述，A選項reflections“反射”可引申為此句所需的邏輯“反映”以滿足上述條件。

【干擾項排除】

B選項demonstration表示清楚細致地展示；

C選項illumination指某物能夠被理解；

D選項reproduction表示復(fù)制出與原物相似的物品。

【句意】許多試圖反映世界的小說的確反映了它們所代表的現(xiàn)實。

2.單選題

Whenwefinally______togethomeafterthetiringlongjourney,wecouldhardlymoveastepfurther.

問題1選項

A.tried

B.succeeded

C.managed

D.endeavored

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項try“嘗試”，tryto表示“試著，設(shè)法”；B項succeed“成功，繼任”，succeedto表示“繼承，繼任，接著發(fā)生”；C項manage“管理，控制”，manageto表示“設(shè)法做”；D項endeavor“努力，盡力”，endeavorto表示“努力做，致力做”。根據(jù)空格前后的句意“當(dāng)我們在疲憊的長途旅行后回家”猜測，空格部分表示“設(shè)法回到家”，B、D選項可排除；A選項強調(diào)動機或動作，但結(jié)果并不明確；C選項強調(diào)成功這種結(jié)果；所以C項更符合句意。句意：經(jīng)過漫長勞累的旅行，我們終于到家了，幾乎一步也挪不動了。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

3.單選題

Theblackhorseis（）ofthepair.

問題1選項

A.thestrongest

B.thestronger

C.thestrong

D.quitestrong

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這匹黑馬更強壯。

語法題?？疾楸容^級。當(dāng)要特指兩者中“較（更）”時，比較級前通常要帶定冠詞，此時可視為比較級后省略了有關(guān)的名詞或代詞one，即定冠詞實為修飾被省略的名詞或代詞one。pair的詞義是“一對”或“一雙”，即在“兩者”中進行比較。因此，此處應(yīng)該使用thestronger。

4.單選題

Thisyearwilldifficultforthisorganizationbecause（）.

問題1選項

A.theyhavelessmoneyandvolunteersthantheyhadlastyear

B.ithaslessmoneyandfewervolunteersthanithadlastyear

C.thelastyearitdidnothaveasfewvolunteersandmoney

D.therearefewermoneyandvolunteersthaninthelastyeartherewere

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。因為little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，few修飾可數(shù)名詞，money為不可數(shù)名詞，volunteer為可數(shù)名詞，選項A、C和D可排除，又因為句子表示比較所以用比較級less和fewer表示更少的。句意：今年對于組織來說會是困難的一年，因為資金和志愿者都比去年更少了。選項B符合題意。

5.單選題

Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweird.Buttheweirdestmaybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.

Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthe19thcenturyonward:moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless,phonyor,worstofall,boring,aswe-wentfromWordsworth’sDaffodilstoBaudelaire’sFlowersofEvil.

Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensomuchmisery.Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.

Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising,theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.

Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery:Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshipersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.

TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable,“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.

Butwhatweforget—whatoureconomydependsonusforgetting—isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedarttotellus,asreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends;andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.

51.BycitingtheexamplesofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintendstoshowthat______.

52.Theword“bummer”(Line5,paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething______.

53.Intheauthor’sopinion,advertising______.

54.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves______.

55.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?

問題1選項

A.poetrynotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic

B.artgrowsoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeelings

C.poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness

D.artistshavechangedtheirfocusofinterest

問題2選項

A.religious

B.unpleasant

C.entertaining

D.commercial

問題3選項

A.emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happyart

B.isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublic

C.replacesthechurchasamajorsourceofinformation

D.createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitself

問題4選項

A.happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadness

B.theanti-happyartisdistastefulbutrefreshing

C.miseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandenied

D.theanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomybooms

問題5選項

A.Religiononcefunctionedasareminderofmisery.

B.Artprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandreality.

C.Peoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmodernsociety.

D.Massmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】51.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“通過引用詩人華茲華斯和波德萊爾的例子，作者想表明……”。根據(jù)第一段andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad（但他們卻選擇關(guān)注那些感覺糟糕的情感）和第二段Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthe19thcenturyonward:moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless,phonyor,worstofall,boring,aswe-wentfromWordsworth’sDaffodilstoBaudelaire’sFlowersofEvil.（最早的藝術(shù)形式，如繪畫和音樂，是最適合表達快樂的。但從19世紀(jì)開始，越來越多的藝術(shù)家開始認(rèn)為快樂是無意義的、虛假的，或者是最糟糕的，無聊的，就像我們從華茲華斯的水仙花到波德萊爾的惡之花。）可知，藝術(shù)家開始關(guān)注那些令人不快的情感，但最早的藝術(shù)形式都適合表達快樂，只是19世紀(jì)的某個時候，當(dāng)我們從華茲華斯的水仙花轉(zhuǎn)向波德萊爾的惡之花時，越來越多的藝術(shù)家開始把快樂看成是乏味的，虛假的，甚至是令人厭倦的；因此，可推斷出“藝術(shù)家已經(jīng)改變了興趣的焦點”。故D項“藝術(shù)家們已經(jīng)改變了他們的興趣焦點”符合題意。A項“詩歌不像繪畫或音樂那樣能表達快樂”，文中沒有將詩歌、繪畫和音樂對于快樂的表現(xiàn)力進行比較，因此不選；B項“藝術(shù)產(chǎn)生于積極和消極的情感”，這個選項沒有錯誤，但不是文章引用詩人Wordsworth和Baudelaire的例子所要表達的內(nèi)容，所以不選；C項“今天的詩人較少懷疑幸?！保闹袥]有提到詩人，該項錯誤；故該題選D。

52.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】語義猜測題。題干的意思是“第五段第五行的‘bummer’是指某件事情……”。根據(jù)題干定位到第五段Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery:Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshipersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.（早期時候的人，生活被苦難包圍著。他們工作到筋疲力盡，生活幾乎沒有保障，壽命很短。在西方，在大眾傳媒和識字之前，最強大的大眾媒體是教堂時刻提醒信徒，他們的靈魂處于危險之中，他們總有一天會成為蟲子的食物?？紤]到這一切，他們并不需要他們那些藝術(shù)也能令人掃興。），前面提到了早期人們生活的苦難，從最后too這個詞語可知他們不再需要增加一個令他們不快樂的事物；因此這里的“bummer”是表示不快樂的事情，即somethingunpleasant。A項“宗教的”，文章提到教堂只是舉例說明早期人們生活的苦難；C項“令人愉快的”與文章不符；D項“商業(yè)的”這一段沒有提到；故該題選B項“不愉快的”正確。

53.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“在作者的觀點中，廣告……”。第四段第二句提到Advertising,theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.（廣告和反快樂藝術(shù)的興起幾乎完全跟隨著大眾媒體的出現(xiàn)，并伴隨著它的出現(xiàn)，在這種商業(yè)文化中，幸福不僅僅是一種理想，而是一種意識形態(tài)），由此可知，作者認(rèn)為廣告并沒有創(chuàng)造幸福，而是創(chuàng)造了幸福的意識形態(tài)；因此D項“創(chuàng)造幸福的幻覺，而不是幸福本身”符合題意；A項“是在反快樂藝術(shù)之后出現(xiàn)的”，文章說到了Advertising,theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia（廣告和反快樂藝術(shù)的興起幾乎完全跟隨著大眾媒體的出現(xiàn)），所以它們是同時出現(xiàn)的，因此該項錯誤；B項“是導(dǎo)致公眾失望的原因”和C項“取代教會作為主要的信息來源”文中沒有提到；故該題選D。

54.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“從文章最后一段我們可以知道作者相信……”。最后一段作者講述的是在今天這樣一個快樂唾手可得的年代，我們必須記住一點，那就是，只有在面臨巨大的失敗和失望的風(fēng)險后取得的才是真正的快樂；而今天我們需要藝術(shù)告訴我們死亡的象征，就像宗教曾經(jīng)告訴我們的那樣，那就是反快樂文化。作者在最后提到It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.（這是一個比丁香香煙更苦澀的信息，但不知怎的，卻是一股新鮮空氣），由此可以推斷作者是想表達反快樂的藝術(shù)是令人不悅但卻令人耳目一新；故B項“反快樂的藝術(shù)是令人不快的，但令人耳目一新”為正確選項。A項“幸福往往以悲傷告終”故意混淆了作者引用宗教的意圖，作者只是說宗教提醒人們各種痛苦的存在，而不是說幸福都會以悲傷告終；C項“痛苦應(yīng)該被享受，而不是被拒絕”，文章中作者只是說人們需要接受痛苦，而不是說享受痛苦；D項“當(dāng)經(jīng)濟繁榮時，反快樂的藝術(shù)繁榮起來”過度解讀，故該題選B。

55.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)判斷題。題干的意思是“下列哪一項是正確的？”。根據(jù)文章第五段第二句IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshipersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.（在西方，在大眾傳媒和識字之前，最強大的大眾媒體是教堂時刻提醒信徒，他們的靈魂處于危險之中，他們總有一天會成為蟲子的食物）可知A項“宗教曾經(jīng)起到提醒痛苦的作用”正確；B項“藝術(shù)提供了期望和現(xiàn)實之間的平衡”，文章提到藝術(shù)表達的往往是糟糕的情感或者反快樂，作者表達人們正是需要這種反快樂去時刻提醒自己真正的快樂是什么，并沒有提到藝術(shù)能夠提供現(xiàn)實和期望的平衡，有點過度曲解；C項“人們對現(xiàn)代社會的現(xiàn)實感到失望”沒有提到，所以不選；D項“大眾媒體傾向于報道災(zāi)難和死亡”，文章倒數(shù)第二段第一句提到TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.（今天，普通西方人周圍的信息不是宗教的，而是商業(yè)的，永遠快樂），所以大眾媒體傳達的是一種幸福的思想，因此該項錯誤。故該題選A。

6.單選題

Verbalarthastheabilitytoshapeoutacompellinginnerversioninsomeskillfullycratedpublicverbalform.

問題1選項

A.joyful

B.intricate

C.competing

D.forceful

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。題干compelling“不可抗拒的；令人信服的”。A項“高興的；快樂的”，B項“錯綜復(fù)雜的”，C項“相互沖突的；相互矛盾的”，D項“強有力的；有說服力的”。因此只有D項符合。句意：言語藝術(shù)有能力以一種技巧嫻熟的公開言語形式塑造出引人入勝的內(nèi)部版本。

7.單選題

AskmostpeoplehowtheydefinetheAmericanDreamandchancesarethatthey’llsay,“Success.”ThedreamofindividualopportunityhasbeenhomeinAmericansinceEuropeansdiscovereda“newworld”intheWesternHemisphere.EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeanCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders:inLettersfromanAmericanFarmer(1782)hewrote.“Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfettered(無拘無束白勺)andunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimself—Wehavenoprinces,forwhomwetoil,starve,andbleed:wearethemostperfectsocietynowexistingintheworld.'*Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.

OurnationalmythologyisfullofillustrationoftheAmericansuccessstory.There’sBenjaminFranklin,theverymodeloftheself-educated,self-mademan,whorosefrommodestoriginstobecomeawell-knownscientist,philosopher,andstatesman.Inthenineteenthcentury,HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican’sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales.Thenotionofsuccesshauntsus:wespendmillioneveryyearreadingabouttherichandfamous,learninghowto“makeafortuneinrealestatewithnomoneydown,”and“dressingforsuccess.”Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit'sasimportanttobe“successful.,inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.

Butdreamseasilyturnintonightmares.EveryAmericanwhohopesto“makeit”alsoknowsthefearoffailure,becausethemythofsuccessinevitablyimpliescomparisonbetweenthehavesandthehave-nots,thestarsandtheanonymouscrowd.Underpressureofthemyth,webecomeindulgedinstatussymbols:wetrytoliveinthe“right”neighborhoods,wearthe“right’’clothes,eatthe“right”foods.Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall.yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.

1.WhatistheessenceoftheAmericanDreamaccordingtoCrevecoeur?

2.Bysaying“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”(Line8-9,Para.1),theauthormeans（）.

3.ThecharactersdescribedinHoratioAlger’snovelsarepeoplewho（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphthat（）.

5.WhatistheparadoxofAmericancultureaccordingtotheauthor?

問題1選項

A.Peoplearefreetodeveloptheirpowerofimagination.

B.Peoplewhoarehonestandworkhardcansucceed.

C.Peoplearefreefromexploitationandoppression.

D.Peoplecanfullyenjoyindividualfreedom.

問題2選項

A.themorediligentoneis.thebiggerhisreturns

B.laboriousworkensuresthegrowthofanindustry

C.aman’sbusinessshouldbedevelopedstepbystep

D.acompany’ssuccessdependsonitsemployees'hardwork

問題3選項

A.succeedinrealestateinvestment

B.earnedenormousfortunesbychances

C.becamewealthyafterstartinglifeverypoor

D.becamefamousdespitetheirmodestorigins

問題4選項

A.businesssuccessoftencontributestoasuccessfulmarriage

B.Americanswithtosucceedineveryaspectoflife

C.goodpersonalrelationshipsleadtobusinesssuccess

D.successfulbusinesspeopleprovidegoodcarefortheirchildren

問題5選項

A.TheAmericanroadtosuccessisfullofnightmares.

B.Statessymbolsarenotarealindicatorofaperson’swealth.

C.TheAmericanDreamisnothingbutanemptydream.

D.WhatAmericansstriveafteroftencontradictstheirbeliefs.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段Crevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.克雷夫柯高度贊揚在這片新土地上所能找到的自由和機會?？芍狣項“人們可以充分享受個人自由”正確。

2.語義題。由Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.在這片土地上，“一個人辛勤勞動的回報與他勞動的進步同步”的承諾吸引了來自歐洲的貧困移民，并推動了國家向西部地區(qū)的擴張?？芍粋€人的回報與其付出成正比，付出越多，回報越大。故A項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由第二段HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican’sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales?；衾仔?阿爾杰(HoratioAlger)是一位為小男孩寫小說的作家，他的白手起家的故事成為美國最暢銷的作家。可知Horatio是憑借自己的勞動從白手起家到成功致富的人。故C項正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit’sasimportanttobe“successful”inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.成功的神話甚至已經(jīng)侵入了我們的人際關(guān)系:今天，在婚姻或父母中取得“成功”和在事業(yè)中取得成功一樣重要?！笨芍绹俗非笊罡鞣矫娴某晒Α９蔅項正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.這些區(qū)別的象征向我們和其他人保證，我們堅信所有人的基本平等，但我們?nèi)员M最大努力將自己與我們的同胞區(qū)分開來。由此可知美國文化當(dāng)中的矛盾就是一方面追求平等，另一方面卻希望將自己與別人區(qū)分開來，美國人追求的與其信仰沖突，故D項正確。

8.單選題

Ⅸ.(LitigationProcedure)

Arelatedconsequenceofthetrial’sdisappearancewouldbetheincreasingbureaucratizationofAmericansociety.Corporatebureaucraciesrationallyorganizedtoachieveprofitmaximizationwouldbelessqualified.Wewouldhavetorelymorecompletelyonouroftenpoliticallybeleagueredadministrativeagenciestocontrolthelatter.Andevenwithinthelegalsystemitself,formalisticmodesofadjudication,whichparallelbureaucraticdecision-making,wouldbelessqualified.Bureaucraticmodesofsocialorderingseek“toexcludequestionsofvalueorpreferenceasobviouslyirrelevanttotheadministrativetask,anditwouldviewrelianceonnonreplicable,nonreviewablejudgmentorintuitionasasingularlyunattractivemethodfordecision”.InsofarasabureaucraticapparatusgrindsforwardmechanicallyandinexorablywemayendupwithwhatHannahArendthasfamouslycalledanirresponsible“rulebynobody”.

Itisunlikely,however,inmanycasesthatgeneralrulesreallydodecideparticularcases.Insteadofamechanicalsystemdecidingcasesdeductively,whatwewillprobablyhaveinmanycasesarejudgesdecidingcasesintheintersticesofcomplexruleswhichdonotthemselvesdecidethecase.Unlikethedevicesofthetrial,whichcanreally“getinside”thedecision-makerandwhosemoralsourcesactuallycantrumpthesubjectivityofalonedecision-maker,complexpatternsofjurisdictional,procedural,evidentiary,andsubstantiverulescaninvitemanipulationbyaCartesianjudgeviewingthoserulesfromadistance.Afterall,asJudgePosner,putit,“Thereisalmostnolegaloutcomethatareallyskillfullegalanalystcannotcoveroverwithlegalvarnish(漆)”atleast“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”.Thegrimpicturethatthusemergesfromthetrial’sdisappearanceisabureaucratizedworldwheretherunofcasesaregroundoutbyanirresponsiblemechanismandtheremainingcases“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”bytheuntutoredsubjectivityorpoliticalcommitmentsofthejudge.Thereisanothereffectofthedecliningimportanceofpublicprocessesofadjudication.

Wearecontinuingtoloseamajorsourceofpublicinformationonimportantquestionsofgeneralconcern.“Aslongascourtscontinuetobeplacesthatprovidepublicdatainvolumeandkindoutstrippingthatproducedaboutadjudicationinadministrativeagencies,andaslongasprivateprovidersdonotregularlydisseminateinformationaboutorprovideaccesstotheirprocesses,”then“withthedecliningtrialratecomesadiminutionofpublicknowledgeofdisputes,ofthebehaviorofjudges，andoftheforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord.”

83.Theunderlinedsentencemeansthatbureaucraticmodesofsocialordering___.

84.ThestatementclosestinmeaningtoJudgePosner’sstatementis___.

85.Whencourtscontinuetobeplacesthatprovidepublicdata,thedecliningtrialratedoesNOTcomewith___.

86.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwillNOThappeniftrialdisappearsintheUnitedStates?

問題1選項

A.donotlookintovalueorpreferencebutratherrelyonjudgmentorintuitionwhenmakingdecision

B.havenothingtodowithvalueorpreference

C.areakindofadministrativetask

D.relyonjudgmentorintuition

問題2選項

A.Areallyskillfullegalanalystcanalwayscoveroverhimself

B.Askillfuljudgecanalwaysfindalegalreasonforhisjudgment

C.Thelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused

D.Legalvarnishcancoveroverlegaloutcome

問題3選項

A.decreaseofpublicknowledgeofdisputes

B.diminutionofpublicinformationregardingjudges’behavior

C.growthofforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord

D.lesseningofpublicawarenessofforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord

問題4選項

A.Formalisticmodesofadjudicationwouldbelessqualified.

B.Corporatebureaucracieswouldbecomelessqualified.

C.Peoplewouldhavetorelymorecompletelyonadministrativeagencies.

D.Bureaucraticdecision-makingwouldbequalified.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】83.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到劃線句子Bureaucraticmodesofsocialorderingseek“toexcludequestionsofvalueorpreferenceasobviouslyirrelevanttotheadministrativetask,anditwouldviewrelianceonnonreplicable,nonreviewablejudgmentorintuitionasasingularlyunattractivemethodfordecision”.（社會秩序的官僚模式尋求“排除與行政任務(wù)明顯無關(guān)的價值或偏好問題，并將依賴不可復(fù)制、不可審查的判斷或直覺視為一種非常沒有吸引力的決策方法”）可知官僚模式將直覺視為決策方法，選A選項“不考慮價值或偏好，而是依靠判斷或直覺做決定”；B選項“與價值或偏好無關(guān)”，C選項“是一種行政任務(wù)”以及D選項“依靠判斷或直覺”和原文不符。因此A選項正確。

84.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“JudgePosner”定位到原文第二段Afterall,asJudgePosner,putit,“Thereisalmostnolegaloutcomethatareallyskillfullegalanalystcannotcoveroverwithlegalvarnish(漆)”atleast“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”.（畢竟，正如波斯納法官所說，“幾乎沒有法律的結(jié)果是一個非常熟練的法律分析師不能用法律粉飾掩蓋的”，至少“當(dāng)法律是不確定的和情緒激動的時候”）可知選C選項“法律是不確定的和情緒激動的”；A選項“一個真正有技巧的法律分析師總能掩飾自己”，B選項“一個有經(jīng)驗的法官總能為他的判決找到合法的理由”以及D選項“法律粉飾可以掩蓋法律結(jié)果”不符合原文。因此C選項正確。

85.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“thedecliningtrialrate”定位到原文最后一段“withthedecliningtrialratecomesadiminutionofpublicknowledgeofdisputes,ofthebehaviorofjudges，andoftheforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord.”（“隨著審判率的下降，公眾對糾紛、法官行為和公眾對不和諧的規(guī)范反應(yīng)的了解也會減少?！保┛芍狢選項“在公眾場合形成對不和諧的規(guī)范反應(yīng)”原文未涉及；A選項“減少公眾對糾紛的認(rèn)識”，B選項“減少關(guān)于法官行為的公共信息”以及D選項“公眾意識的削弱，在公眾中偽造對不和諧的規(guī)范反應(yīng)”原文有提及。因此C選項符合題意。

86.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字定位到原文第二段Thegrimpicturethatthusemergesfromthetrial’sdisappearanceisabureaucratizedworldwheretherunofcasesaregroundoutbyanirresponsiblemechanismandtheremainingcases“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”bytheuntutoredsubjectivityorpoliticalcommitmentsofthejudge.（因此，從審判的消失中出現(xiàn)的嚴(yán)峻景象是一個官僚化的世界，在這個世界上，案件的運行是由一個不負(fù)責(zé)任的機制進行的，而剩下的案件則是“在法律不確定的情況下，由法官未經(jīng)訓(xùn)練的主觀性或政治承諾引起的情緒”所影響）可知D選項“官僚決策將是合格的”不會發(fā)生；A選項“形式主義的裁決模式不合格”，B選項“公司官僚機構(gòu)將變得不那么合格”以及C選項“人們將不得不更完全地依賴行政機構(gòu)”都會發(fā)生。因此D選項符合題意。

9.單選題

InthemonthsandyearsthatfollowedasItraversedtheNorthwestPassage,Icametoacceptsuchsurprisesascommonplace.

問題1選項

A.passedover

B.passedaway

C.passedon

D.passedacross

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。traverse表示“穿過，來回移動”；A項passover“越過，忽略”，B項passaway“去世，停止”，C項passon“傳遞，繼續(xù)下去”，D項passacross“橫穿”。句意：在接下來的幾個月和幾年里，當(dāng)我穿越西北航道時，我漸漸接受了這樣的驚喜，認(rèn)為這是司空見慣的事。根據(jù)句意該題選D。

10.單選題

Wearemeanttolivedangerouslyandshouldnotbesheltered.Lifeisaperilousadventure;itsrichnessisinits（

）.

問題1選項

A.hazards

B.security

C.peace

D.length

【答案】A

【解析】句意:人生來就是要去冒險的,而不應(yīng)該生活在庇護之下;生命就是一場危機四伏的冒險,它的豐富多彩就在于它的危險。選項A符合句意。

11.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusicandbypsychologistsand“human-relation”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppets(木偶)whodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkersandemployeesareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagain—bypsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorscreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortothe19th-century“free-enterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofloveandofreason一aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasameanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（

）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（

）.

3.Thosewhoareonthehighersocialladderwouldfeelmorepeacefulandsecureiftheycould（

）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbebestsummarizedasoneofthe（

）.

問題1選項

A.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

B.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible

C.ahumblecomponent