考研考博-英語-曲阜遠(yuǎn)東職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-曲阜遠(yuǎn)東職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Youcannotexpectpeopletoworkhardunlessyougivethemsomekindof（

）.

問題1選項

A.fascination

B.incentive

C.provocation

D.temptation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。fascination意為“魅力，著迷”；incentive意為“激勵，刺激，鼓勵”；provocation意為“挑釁，挑撥”；temptation意為“誘惑，引誘”。

句意：你不能指望人們努力工作，除非你給他們一些激勵。

2.翻譯題

TheUKhaslongprideditselfonitsroadsafetystandards.Casualtyfiguresarelowcomparedwithmostotherindustrializedcountries.Butthispositiverecord,coupledwiththefactthattheinternationaltrendcontinuesdownwards,isalsowhythefirstincreaseinroaddeathsforalmostadecadeshouldbeacauseforconcern.

Abreakdownofthe2010—11figuresshowswherethatconcerncouldmostusefullybedirected.Deathsamongdriversandpassengerswereup6percent,withruralroadsaccountingformoreoftherisethanurbanareas,andadisproportionatenumberoffatalaccidentsinvolvingdriversunder24.

Therelativelyhighaccidentrateonruralroadshasbroughtcallsforanewspeedlimitincountryareasof40mph.Thatisworthconsidering.Therearemanyroadswherethelackofalimitimplicitlyallowsdriverstotravelat60mph,evenwheretheconditionsshoulddictateotherwise.Argumentsabouttheexpenseofnewsignscouldbemetbytheintroductionofablanketlimitonminorroads.Enforcementwould,ofcourse,bedifficult.Butthesettingofanewnormwouldattheveryleastalertdriverstothedangersandfostergreatercaution.

Thenumberoffatalaccidentsinvolvingyoungerdrivers—itshouldreallybenosurprisethatroadaccidentsarethemaincauseofdeathamongyoungadults—shouldraisequestionsonceagainabouttherigorofthedrivingtest.Considerationmightalsobegiventowhether,perhaps,thelegaldrivingageshouldberaised.Thedownside,however,wouldalsohavetobeweighed.42.Agemaybelessofafactorinaccidentsthaninexperience,andanyriseintheageatwhichsomeonemayobtainalicensecouldpenalizethoselivinginareaswithpoorpublictransportandencouragemoreteenagerstodriveillegally.

Themoststartlingaspectofthesestatistics,though,isthe12percentriseindeathsamongpedestrians.Manyreasonscouldbeadvanced,notallofthemrelatedtoworsebehavioronthepartofdrivers.Atleastsomeoftheincreasecouldbeattributabletotechnology,andthedistractionsofmobiledevicesandheadphones.Thedangerthatlurkswhenpedestriansareinsufficientlyawareoftheirsurroundingsshouldbespeltoutmoreloudlyandmoreoften.

Thereisanothereasyconclusion,too,thatisbeing—butshouldnotbe—drawnfromthegeneralriseinfatalities.Callscanalreadybeheard,fromMPsandothers,fortheGovernmenttoshelveitsplanforahigher,80mphspeedlimitonmotorways,oratleasttoputittoaCommonsvote.Motorways,though,accountforrelativelyfewUKroaddeaths;ruralroadsaremanytimesmoredangerous.

Concentratingonimprovementstothesesecondaryroads,andonpedestrianawarenesseverywhere,wouldbeabetteruseoflimitedfundsthanreversingasensiblechangethatrecognizesrealityandimprovesenforcement.Thisisthemessagetobedrawnfromthelatestroadaccidentfigures,anditshouldbeheeded-eventhoughitmaynotbewhatcertainvocalgroupsofcampaignerswanttohear.

【答案】在次等級公路上實行總額包干,就能解決新道路標(biāo)志的成本之爭。當(dāng)然,實施起來有些困難。但制定新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)最起碼能提醒司機(jī)注意危險,使司機(jī)更加謹(jǐn)慎。

和年齡相比,缺乏經(jīng)驗更能造成交通事故。提高獲得駕照的年齡,不僅妨礙生活在公交欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的人們,而且慫恿未成年人非法駕駛。

和承認(rèn)現(xiàn)實、改善執(zhí)法的理性變化相比,集中改善次等級公路、集中提高各地行人的安全意識,能更好地利用有限的資金。

3.單選題

Inthewakeofthe70-vehiclepileup,aslewoflawsuitsareexpectedtobe_______againstdrivers,truckingcompaniesandseveralstateagenciesallegingnegligenceandwrongfuldeath.

問題1選項

A.subjected

B.filed

C.committed

D.surrendered

【答案】B

【解析】subject使屈從于……,使隸屬;file把……歸檔,提出(申請等);commit犯罪,做錯事;surrender投降,自首。句意：在這起70輛汽車連環(huán)相撞事件發(fā)生后,預(yù)計將對司機(jī)、貨運(yùn)公司和幾家州政府機(jī)構(gòu)提起一系列訴訟,指控他們玩忽職守和過失殺人。filealawsuitagainst控告,起訴。選項B符合句意。

4.翻譯題

我的英語有多好？對任何學(xué)習(xí)英語的人來說是最重要的一個問題。知道這個問題的答案不僅有助于樹立信心，而且如果你想取得更多的進(jìn)步，知道這個答案是有用的，因為一旦知道已經(jīng)達(dá)到一個水平，你就會向下一個水平進(jìn)軍。考試在學(xué)習(xí)過程中發(fā)揮另外一個重要的作用——考試證明學(xué)習(xí)者在一種語言中是否熟練。通過語言考試遠(yuǎn)不只是激勵了自己在語言方面的自尊心。如果你想到英國國家去念大學(xué)，或者你想找一份需要英語技能的工作的話，通過語言考試那就至關(guān)重要了。

【答案】HowgoodismyEnglish?ItisthemostimportantquestionforanyonelearningEnglish.Knowingtheanswertothisquestionbuildsyourconfidence.Moreover,it’susefulifyouwanttomakemoreprogress,becauseonceyouknowyou’vereachedonelevel,you’llmoveontothenext.Anotherimportantroletestsplayinthelearningprocessis—theyprovealearner’sproficiencyinalanguage.Passingalanguagetestismuchmorethanaboosttoone’sself-esteeminlearningalanguage.ItisvitalforyoutopassalanguagetestifyouwanttogotouniversityintheUK,orifyouwanttogetajobrequiringEnglishskills.

5.單選題

Theapparentpurposeofallowingthegovernmenttoinvestthetrustfundistotakeadvantageofthehigherreturnsfromprivatecapitalmarkets.Thereisstrongevidence,though,thatthegovernment’sinvestmentpolicysubstantiallycouldundercutthereturnsitotherwisemightexpecttoreceive.HighcapitalmarketreturnsintheUSarederivedfromthehighproductivityofcapitalandtheefficiencyofthemarket.InvestmentoftheSocialsecuritytrustfundinprivatecapitalmarketswillhurtbothofthesesourcesofAmericaneconomicperformance;capitalwillbelessproductiveandmarketswillbelessefficient.

A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestmentsaroundtheworldfoundthattheygenerallyearnedlowerannualreturnsthanprivatelymanagedpensioninvestments.Itshowedthatgovernmentsgenerallypursuedoneoftwopoliciesfortheirinvestments,bothfundamentallyflawed.

Onewastoinvestheavilyingovernmentsecurities,whichcansuchlowerreturnsthan,forexample,stocks.Therearetworeasonsforthispolicy.First,thereisacautionarysearchforsafeinvestmentsbecausegovernmentsfearthepoliticalreactionifamoreaggressiveinvestmentpolicyweretoleadtoadverseresults.Second,buyingupgovernmentdebtallowthegovernmenttodefertheconsequencesofitsownoverspending.Indeed,thereisevidencethatthepowertoshiftgovernmentdebtintopensionfundsactuallymayinducethemtospendandborrowmore.Borrowingfromthepensionfundislesstransparentthandoingsofromtheopencapitalmarket.Inmanycases,suchborrowingisnotevenreportedaspublicdebt,andtheinterestratemaybelower.

ThisalreadyisoccurringwiththeSocialSecuritytrustfund.ThecurrentsurplusisusedtopurchaseFederalTreasuryobligationsthatarecreditedtotheSocialSecuritytrustfund.Thegovernmentthenutilizesthemoneyithasborrowedfromthetrustfundtomeetcurrentoperatingexpenses.

Theotherinvestmentpolicypursuedbygovernment-controlledpensionfundsistoinvestingovernment-supportedprojects,suchasstate-ownedenterprisesorpublichousing.Again,theresultoftenisextremelylowratesofreturn.Infact,suchinvestmentsfrequentlylosemoney.Moreover,governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowthandreducethereturnoncapitalforallinvestors,includingthegovernmentitself.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,governmentinvestmentoftheSocialSecuritytrustfund（）.

2.A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestments（）.

3.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat（）.

4.Whattonedidtheauthoradoptinthispassage?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.willresultinhigherreturnsfromprivatecapitalmarkets

B.canhaveanegativeeffectontheefficiencyofthemarkets

C.willgiveanimpetustoeconomicdevelopment

D.canpromoteproductivityofcapital

問題2選項

A.mettheexpectationofthehigherannualreturns

B.excludedthepossibilityofamoreaggressiveinvestment

C.failedtomeetwiththegovernment’santicipation

D.failedtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy

問題3選項

A.investmentsingovernment-supportedprojectsoftenearnhighannualreturns

B.greatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomycouldimpedeeconomicgrowth

C.businessinvestmentsinpublichousingfrequentlylosemoney

D.theinvestmentpolicypursuedbygovernment-controlledpensionfundsisfundamentallyprofitable

問題4選項

A.Satire

B.Exposure

C.Attack

D.Criticism

問題5選項

A.Governmentpoliciesfuelthegovernmentinvestmentintheeconomyandkeepitontherighttrack

B.Governmentinvolvementintheeconomywillultimatelysloweconomicgrowth.

C.Governmentinvestmentingovernment-supportedprojectsisafallacy

D.Governmentmightearnhigherreturnsifitinvestsinstocks

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:HighcapitalmarketreturnsintheUSarederivedfromthehighproductivityofcapitalandtheefficiencyofthemarket.InvestmentoftheSocialsecuritytrustfundinprivatecapitalmarketswillhurtbothofthesesourcesofAmericaneconomicperformance;capitalwillbelessproductiveandmarketswillbelessefficient(美國資本市場的高回報源于資本的高生產(chǎn)率和市場的效率。社會保障信托基金對私人資本市場的投資將損害美國經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)的這兩個來源；資本的生產(chǎn)效率將降低，市場的效率也將降低)。因此，B項“對市場效率可能產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestmentsaroundtheworldfoundthattheygenerallyearnedlowerannualreturnsthanprivatelymanagedpensioninvestments(1994年，世界銀行在全球范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與私人管理的養(yǎng)老基金投資相比，它們的年回報率普遍較低)。因此C項“沒有達(dá)到政府的預(yù)期目標(biāo)”正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。最后一段最后一句指出:Moreover,governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowthandreducethereturnoncapitalforallinvestors,includingthegovernmentitself(此外，政府投資導(dǎo)致政府更多地干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)，進(jìn)而可能導(dǎo)致政策放緩經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，降低包括政府本身在內(nèi)的所有投資者的資本回報率)。由此可知B項“政府對經(jīng)濟(jì)的更多參與可能會阻礙經(jīng)濟(jì)增長”正確。

第4題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章開頭指出允許政府進(jìn)行信貸投資的目的是利用私人資本市場的高額投資回報。然而有力的證據(jù)表明：政府的投資政策實質(zhì)上可能減少它原本預(yù)期獲得的投資回報。并且在結(jié)尾部分進(jìn)一步指出了政府投資導(dǎo)致政府更多地干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)，進(jìn)而可能導(dǎo)致政策放緩經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，降低包括政府本身在內(nèi)的所有投資者的資本回報率?？梢钥闯鑫恼伦髡叩恼Z氣是在批評政府所采取的社會保障基金投資政策。故選D項。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。A:政府政策推動了政府投資，并讓經(jīng)濟(jì)走上正軌。B:政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的投資最終減慢經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。C:政府支持項目的投資是錯誤的。D:如果政府投資股市，或許收益更大。第一段第二句指出:Thereisstrongevidence,though,thatthegovernment’sinvestmentpolicysubstantiallycouldundercutthereturnsitotherwisemightexpecttoreceive(然而有力的證據(jù)表明：政府的投資政策實質(zhì)上可能減少它原本預(yù)期獲得的投資回報)。由此可知A項錯誤。最后一句指出:governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowth…(政府投資導(dǎo)致政府更多地干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)，這有可能反過來導(dǎo)致相應(yīng)政策的制定，這種政策進(jìn)而會減慢經(jīng)濟(jì)增長)。因此B項正確。第三段第一句指出:Onewastoinvestheavilyingovernmentsecurities,whichcansuchlowerreturnsthan,forexample,stocks(其中之一是對政府債券大力投資，其回報遠(yuǎn)低于對股市之類的投資)。因此D項正確。最后一段指出:Again,theresultoftenisextremelylowratesofreturn(這種投資的結(jié)果還是回報率很低)，以及:Infact,suchinvestmentsfrequentlylosemoney(事實上，這種投資經(jīng)常賠錢)。因此C項符合原文所述。故此題選A。

6.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Theyformthebasisonwhichhebuildshistheoryoflove.

B.Theywerecarriedoutoveraperiodofsomethirtyyears.

C.TheyweredonebyhisformercolleagueatYale.

D.Theyarefocusedmoreonattractionthanlove.

問題2選項

A.Therelationshipcannotlastlongifnopassionisinvolved.

B.Itisnotloveifyoudon’twishtomaintaintherelationship.

C.Romanceisjustimpossiblewithoutmutualunderstanding.

D.Intimacyisessentialbutnotabsolutelyindispensabletolove.18.

問題3選項

A.Whetheritistruelovewithoutcommitment.

B.Whichofthemisconsideredmostimportant.

C.Howtherelationshipistobedefinedifanyoneismissing.

D.Whentheabsenceofanyonedoesn’taffecttherelationship.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

【解析】RecordingOne

Okay.Solet’sgetstarted.AndtostartthingsoffIthinkwhatweneedtodoisconsideradefinition.I’mgoingtodefinewhatloveisbutthen[16]mostoftheexperimentsI’mgoingtotalkaboutarereallyfocusedmoreonattractionthanlove.AndI’mgoingtopickadefinitionfromaformercolleague,RobertSternberg,whoisnowthedeanatTuftsUniversitybutwashereonourfacultyatYalefornearlythirtyyears.Andhehasatheoryoflovethatarguesthatit’smadeupofthreecomponents:intimacy,passion,andcommitment,orwhatissometimescalleddecisioncommitment.Andthesearerelativelystraightforward.Hearguedthatyoudon’thaveloveifyoudon’thaveallthreeoftheseelements.Intimacyisthefeelingofcloseness,ofconnectednesswithsomeone,ofbonding.Operationally,youcouldthinkofintimacyasyousharesecrets,youshareinformationwiththispersonthatyoudon’tsharewithanybodyelse.Okay.That’sreallywhatintimacyis,thebondthatcomesfromsharinginformationthatisn’tsharedwithotherpeople.Thesecondelementispassion.Passionisthedrivethatleadstoromance.Youcanthinkofitasphysicalattraction.AndSternbergarguesthatthisisarequiredcomponentofaloverelationship.ThethirdelementofloveinSternberg’stheoryiswhathecallsdecisioncommitment,thedecisionthatoneisinaloverelationship,thewillingnesstolabelitassuch,andacommitmenttomaintainthatrelationshipatleastforsomeperiodoftime.[17]Sternbergwouldargueit’snotloveifyoudon’tcallitloveandifyoudon’thavesomedesiretomaintaintherelationship.Soifyouhaveallthreeofthese,intimacy,passionandcommitment,inSternberg’stheoryyouhavelove.[18]Nowwhat’sinterestingaboutthetheoryiswhatdoyouhaveifyouonlyhaveoneoutofthreeortwooutofthree?Whatdoyouhaveandhowisitdifferentifyouhaveadifferenttwooutofthree?What’sinterestingaboutthiskindoftheorizingisitgivesrisetomanydifferentcombinationsthatcanbequiteinterestingwhenyoubreakthemdownandstarttolookatthemcarefully.SowhatI’vedoneisI’vetakenSternberg’sthreeelementsoflove,intimacy,passionandcommitment,andI’velistedoutthedifferentkindsofrelationshipsyouwouldhaveifyouhadzero,one,twoorthreeoutofthethreeelements.

16.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutmostoftheexperimentsmentionedinhistalk?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于演講中提到的大多數(shù)實驗，說話者說了什么?錄音開頭提到說話者要給愛下定義，接下來指出將要談?wù)摰拇蠖鄶?shù)實驗實際上更多地聚焦于吸引力而不是愛。D選項“更多地聚焦于吸引力而不是愛”是錄音原文的復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此正確。A選項“它們形成了他建立愛的理論的基礎(chǔ)”在錄音中并沒有提及；B選項“它們實施了大約三十年了”，利用錄音中的thirtyyears設(shè)置的干擾項，錄音中說的是說話人的同事在耶魯工作了近30年，并不是說實驗實施了大約30年；C選項“是他在耶魯大學(xué)的前同事做的”錄音中確實提到了說話人以前的同事，但并沒有信息表明這些實驗是他在耶魯?shù)那巴伦龅?，因此C選項排除。

17.WhatdoesRobertSternbergargueaboutlove?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問RobertSternberg對愛有什么看法？錄音提到在Sternberg的理論中，愛的第三個要素就是他所說的決定承諾。他主張，如果你不把它稱之為愛，如果你沒有想要維持這段關(guān)系的想法，那就不是愛。B選項中的wishto是對錄音原文中havesomedesireto的同義替換，因此B選項“如果你不想維持這段關(guān)系，那就不是愛”正確。A選項“如果沒有激情，這段關(guān)系就不會長久”這一信息在錄音中并沒有提及；C選項“沒有相互理解，不可能有浪漫”中并沒有提及mutualunderstanding（相互理解）；D選項“對于愛來講，親密是基本的，但并非絕對必要”，根據(jù)Sternberg的理論，愛的三要素就包括intimacy，因此D選項不正確。

18.WhatquestiondoesthespeakerthinkisinterestingaboutSternberg’sthreeelementsoflove?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于Sternberg的愛情三要素，說話者認(rèn)為哪個問題很有趣？錄音最后提到，根據(jù)Sternberg的理論，如果你擁有了親密、激情和承諾這三個要素，你就擁有了愛。但現(xiàn)在關(guān)于這個理論有趣的問題是，如果你只擁有三個中的一個或兩個的話，那你擁有的是什么呢？也就是說，如果其中任何一個要素缺失，那么該如何定義這段關(guān)系？C選項與原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項“沒有承諾是否是真正的愛”，這一問題，Sternberg已經(jīng)給出明確的答案：沒有承諾就不是真正的愛，因此A選項可排除；B選項“哪一個被認(rèn)為是最重要的”并不是說話者認(rèn)為很有趣的問題；D選項“當(dāng)缺少了任何一個要素，都不會影響這段關(guān)系”與錄音表述不符，因此可排除。

7.單選題

TheChinesefoodintheUnitedStatesisusually______forAmericanpeople.

問題1選項

A.modified

B.cooked

C.exchanged

D.altered

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項modified“稍作修改，使更適合；使溫和”；B選項cooked“烹調(diào)”；C選項exchanged“交換”；D選項altered“更改；修改（衣服使更合身）”。句意：美國的中餐通常是根據(jù)美國人的口味進(jìn)行______的。根據(jù)語境，這里指中餐到了美國就為了適應(yīng)美國人的口味而進(jìn)行微小的改變，A選項modified“稍作修改，使更適合”符合題意，D選項altered“更改”只有更改的意思，不是最佳選項。因此A選項正確。

8.單選題

Outof（

）revenge,hedidhisworsttoblackenhercharacterandruinherreputation.

問題1選項

A.sheer

B.total

C.integral

D.perfect

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sheer意為“完全的，純粹的，十足的”；total意為“總計的”；integral意為“完整的”；perfect意為“完美的”。

句意：純粹是為了報復(fù)，他竭力抹黑她的人格，詆毀她的名譽(yù)。

9.單選題

（

）formorethanfivetosevenminutes,thebrainwillbesubjectedtoirreversibledamage.

問題1選項

A.Oxygenoncedeprivedof

B.Oncedeprivedofoxygen

C.Deprivedofoxygenonce

D.Onceoxygendeprivedof

【答案】B

【解析】句意:一旦缺氧超過5到7分鐘，大腦就會受到不可逆的損害。

語法題?？疾閯釉~過去分詞。句子前半部分為Once引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，Once需放在句首，故排除選項A和C;分句的邏輯主語應(yīng)為thebrain,主語與從句動詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)該用deprivedofoxygen。故選B。

10.單選題

AUNreportsaysthatmalnutritionisoneofthecommon______ofthepoorinAfrica.

問題1選項

A.affections

B.appeasements

C.afflictions

D.attainments

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項affection“喜愛，感情，影響”，B項appeasement“緩和，平息，姑息”，C項affliction“苦難，苦惱，折磨”，D項attainment“達(dá)到，成就，學(xué)識”。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子缺少一個表語修飾主語malnutrition“營養(yǎng)不良”，四個選項中只有“苦難，折磨”符合語境。句意：一份聯(lián)合國報告稱，營養(yǎng)不良是非洲窮人普遍遭受的折磨之一。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

11.單選題

Everybodygetssick.Diseaseandinjurymakeussufferthroughoutourlivesuntilfinallysonicattackonthebodybringsourexistencetoanend.Fortunately,mostofusinmodernindustrializedsocietiescantakerelativelygoodhealthforgrantedmostofthetime.Infact,wetendtofullyrealizetheimportanceofgoodhealthonlywhenweorthoseclosetousbecomeseriouslyill.Atsuchtimeswekeenlyappreciatetheancienttruththathealthisourmostpreciousasset,oneforwhichwemightreadilygiveupsuchrewardsaspower,wealth,orfame.

Becauseillhealthisuniversalproblem,affectingboththeindividualandsociety,thehumanresponsetosicknessisalwayssociallyorganized.Nosocietyleavestheresponsibilityformaintaininghealthandtreatingillhealthentirelytotheindividual.Eachsocietydevelopsitsownconceptsofhealthandsicknessandauthorizescertainpeopletodecidewhoissickandhowthesickshouldbetreated.Aroundthisfocustherearises,overtime,anumberofstandards,values,groups,statuses,androles:inotherwords,aninstitution.Tothesociologist,then,medicineistheinstitutionconcernedwiththemaintenanceofhealthandtreatmentofdisease.

Inthesimplestpre-industrialsocieties,medicineisusuallyanaspectofreligion.Thesocialarrangementsfordealingwithsicknessarcveryelementary,ofteninvolvingonlytworoles:thesickandthehealer.Thelatteristypicallyalsothepriest,whoreliesprimarilyonreligiousceremonies,bothtoidentifyandtotreatdisease:forexample,bonesmaybethrowntoestablishacause,songsmaybeusedtobringaboutacure.Inmodemindustrializedsocieties,ontheotherhand,theinstitutionhasbecomehighlycomplicatedandspecialized,includingdozensofrolessuchasthoseofbrainsurgeon,druggist,andhospitaladministrator,linkedwithvariousorganizationssuchasnursinghomes,insurancecompanies,andmedicalschools.Medicine,infact,hasbecomethesubjectofintensesociologicalinterestpreciselybecauseitisnowoneofthemostpervasiveandcostlyinstitutionsofmodernsociety.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtoParagraphI?

2.Theword“authorize”inParagraph2means“（

）.

3.InParagraph2,welearnthatthesociologistregardsmedicineas

（

）.

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

5.Theauthorofthispassageismainlyconcernedwith（

）.

問題1選項

A.Nowadaysmostpeoplebelievetheycanhavefairlygoodhealth.

B.Humanlifeinvolvesagreatdealofpainandsuffering.

C.Mostofusareawareofthefullvalueofhealth.

D.Ancientpeoplebelievedthathealthwasmoreexpensivethananythingelse.

問題2選項

A.makewayfor

B.givepowerto

C.writeanorderfor

D.makeitpossiblefor

問題3選項

A.asystemwhosepurposeistotreatdiseaseandkeeppeoplehealthy

B.auniversalproblemthataffectseverysociety

C.asocialresponsibilitytotreatillhealth

D.asciencethatfocusesonthetreatmentofdisease

問題4選項

A.Inthepast,bonesmightbeusedtodecidewhypeoplefellill.

B.inpre-industrialsocietiespriestssometimestreatedpatientsbysinging.

C.Modemmedicineissocomplicatedthatsociologynolongerhasaplaceinit.

D.Therewereonlytworolesinanelementarymedicalsystem,thepatientandtheonewhotriedtocurehim.

問題5選項

A.sociologicalaspectsinmedicine

B.medicaltreatmentofdiseases

C.thedevelopmentofmedicalscience

D.theroleofreligioninmedicine

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)第一段，下列哪個描述是正確的”。文章第一段提到“疾病和受傷讓我們痛苦一生，直到對身體的一些攻擊能讓我們死去”（Diseaseandinjurymakeussufferthroughoutourlivesuntilfinallysonicattackonthebodybringsourexistencetoanend），選項B“人生有許多痛苦和磨難”符合題意。

2.詞義題。題目問的是“第二段中的authorize的意思是……”。文章第二段提到某些人去決定誰生了病，以及決定這些病人被怎樣處理（authorizescertainpeopletodecidewhoissickandhowthesickshouldbetreated），選項B“給……以權(quán)力”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在第二段中，我們可以得知社會學(xué)家將藥品作為……”。文章第二段的最后一句“對于社會學(xué)家來說，醫(yī)學(xué)是關(guān)于維持健康和治療疾病的一種制度”（Tothesociologist,then,medicineistheinstitutionconcernedwiththemaintenanceofhealthandtreatmentofdisease），選項A“一種以治療疾病和維持人體健康為目的的體系”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)第三段，下列不正確的是……”。文章第三段提到“正因為醫(yī)學(xué)現(xiàn)在是最普遍的、花費(fèi)多的現(xiàn)代社會機(jī)構(gòu)之一，所以它已經(jīng)成為社會學(xué)家最感興趣的主題”（Medicine,infact,hasbecomethesubjectofintensesociologicalinterestpreciselybecauseitisnowoneofthemostpervasiveandcostlyinstitutionsofmodernsociety），所以選項C“現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)如此復(fù)雜，以至于社會學(xué)在其中不再有任何位置”與描述不符合，所以是答案。

5.主旨大意題。題目問的是“這篇文章作者關(guān)心的是……”。文章第三段提到“正因為醫(yī)學(xué)現(xiàn)在是最普遍的、花費(fèi)多的現(xiàn)代社會機(jī)構(gòu)之一，所以它已經(jīng)成為社會學(xué)家最感興趣的主題”（Medicine,infact,hasbecomethesubjectofintensesociologicalinterestpreciselybecauseitisnowoneofthemostpervasiveandcostlyinstitutionsofmodernsociety），選項A“醫(yī)學(xué)的社會學(xué)方面”符合題意。

12.單選題

Parkinson’sdisease,firstdescribedintheearly1800sbyBritishphysicianJamesParkinsonasshakingpalsy”，isamongthemostprevalentneurologicaldisorders.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,atleastfourmillionpeopleworldwidehaveit；inNorthAmerica,estimatesrunfrom500,000toonemillion,withabout500,000diagnosedeveryyear.Thesefiguresareexpectedtodoubleby2040astheworld’selderlypopulationgrows；indeed,Parkinson’sandotherneurodegenerativeillnessescommonintheelderly(suchasAlzheimer’sandamyotrophiclateralsclerosis)areontheirwaytoovertakingcancerasaleadingcauseofdeath.Butthediseaseisnotentirelyoneoftheaged:50percentofpatientsacquireitafterage60；theotherhalfareaffectedbeforethen.Furthermore,betterdiagnosishasmadeexpertsincreasinglyawarethatthedisordercanattackthoseyoungerthan40.Sofarresearchersandclinicianshavefoundnowaytoslow,stoporpreventParkinson’s.Althoughtreatmentsdoexist—includingdrugsanddeep-brainstimulation—thesetherapiesalleviatesymptoms,notcauses.Inrecentyears,however,severalpromisingdevelopmentshaveoccurred.Inparticular,investigatorswhostudytheroleproteinsplayhavelinkedmiscreantproteinstogeneticunderpinningsofthedisease.Suchfindingsarefeedingoptimismthatfreshanglesofattackcanbeidentified.

Asits19th-centurynamesuggests—andasmanypeopleknowfromtheeducationaleffortsofprominentParkinson’ssuffererssuchasJanetReno,MuhammadAliandMichaelJ.Fox—-thediseaseischaracterizedbymovementdisorders.Tremorinthehands,armsandelsewhere,limbrigidity,slownessofmovement,andimpairedbalanceandcoordinationareamongthedisease’shallmarks.Inaddition,somepatientshavetroublewalking,talking,sleeping,urinatingandperformingsexually.

Theseimpairmentsresultfromneuronsdying.Althoughthevictimcellsaremanyandfoundthroughoutthebrain,thoseproducingtheneurotransmitterdopamineinaregioncalledthesubstantianigraareparticularlyhard-hit.Thesedopaminergicnervecellsarekeycomponentsofthebasalganglia,acomplexcircuitdeepwithinthebrainthatfine-tunesandco-ordinatesmovement.Initiallythebraincanfunctionnormallyasitlosesdopaminergicneuronsinthesubstantianigra,eventhoughitcannotreplacethedeadcells.Butwhenhalformoreofthesespecializedcellsdisappear,thebraincannolongercoverforthem.Thedeficitthenproducesthesameeffectthatlosingairtrafficcontroldoesatamajorairport.Delays,falsestarts,cancellationsand,ultimately,chaospervadeaspartsofthebraininvolvedinmotorcontrol—thethalamus,basalgangliaandcerebralcortex—nolongerfunctionasanintegratedandorchestratedunit.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutParkinson’sdiseasecanbebestsupportedbythepassage?

2.Theauthorofthepassagesuggest