考研考博-英語(yǔ)-塔里木大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-塔里木大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Generouspublicfundingofbasicsciencewould（

）considerablebenefitsforthecountry’shealth,wealthandsecurity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resultfrom

B.settledown

C.liein

D.leadto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)resultfrom“產(chǎn)生于……，由……引起”；B選項(xiàng)settledown“定居”；C選項(xiàng)liein“在于，位于”；D選項(xiàng)leadto“導(dǎo)致，把……帶到”。根據(jù)句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系可知選D，表示慷慨的公共資助會(huì)給國(guó)家?guī)?lái)好處。句意：對(duì)基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)慷慨的公共資助將為國(guó)家的健康、財(cái)富和安全帶來(lái)可觀的好處。

2.填空題

Acommunitywhichcollectiveintereststheterroristorganizationclaimstoservemaybeterrorizedso

thattheircooperation,loyalty,andsupportareensured.Groupsthatcometopowerbythismeans

usuallycontinuetorulebyterror.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Awhich改為whose

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】定語(yǔ)從句。

【解題思路】A部分到collectiveintereststheterroristorganizationclaimstoserve是修飾community的定語(yǔ)從句，collectiveinterests和community是所屬關(guān)系，引導(dǎo)詞用whose。

【句意】恐怖組織聲稱他們?yōu)槠浼w利益服務(wù)的社區(qū)可能會(huì)受到恐嚇，以確保他們的合作、忠誠(chéng)和支持。通過(guò)這種方式掌權(quán)的集團(tuán)通常會(huì)繼續(xù)用恐怖手段統(tǒng)治。

3.單選題

Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe（）us.Ithinkit’shightimewe（）strongactionsagainsthim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.betrayed…take

B.hadbetrayed…took

C.hasbetrayed…took

D.hasbetrayed…take

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。當(dāng)句子里有序數(shù)詞first/second/third...、副詞only或最高級(jí)best/worst/most的時(shí)候，后面的定語(yǔ)從句要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。例如：ItisoneofthemostinterestingbooksI’veeverread．(這是我看過(guò)的最有趣的書之一。)，因?yàn)閠hatwasnot句子是過(guò)去時(shí)，這里應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)：hadbetrayed。It’s(high)time（是做……的時(shí)候了），后面的句子要用謂語(yǔ)要用過(guò)去時(shí)或者should+動(dòng)詞原形，表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，所以這里要用took。句意：這已經(jīng)不是他第一次背叛我們了，是我們采取強(qiáng)有力的行動(dòng)對(duì)抗他的時(shí)候了。所以本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Wearegoodatinventingwaytoenlargeourrealm.Repeatedlywefindmethodsofspreadingfarther.Ifanelementisforbidding,wedeviseameanstomasterit.Reachingthecontinentalshores,wedevelopedship-buildingandnavigationalskillsinordertocrossoceans.Shiveringatarcticweather,wedesignedforclothingandsnugsheltersinordertoedgenorthward.And,havingfirstoccupiedmuchoftheusablespaceintheworld,wearefillingitsusabletime.Althoughbeingwakefulatnightfloutedournaturalrhythms,wedevelopedartificiallightingthatletusbeactiveafterdark.

Aneraisnowunderwayinwhichwearereplacingourcycliccommunitywithactivitiesthatneverstop.Thereiswidespreadfactoryshiftwork.Airports,gasolinestations,hotels,restaurantsandbroadcastersoperateincessantly.Data-processingdepartmentsofinsurancecompaniesandbanksareastirallnight.Meanwhile,isolatedindividualsbendoverbooksandpapersondesksintheirhomes,watchtelevisionaftermidnight,orwalkinthestreetsandlistentothenightbreathe.

ThisextensionacrossallhoursofthedayresemblesourspreadingacrossthefaceoftheEarth.Lookatbothtrendsfromenoughperspectiveindistanceandtimeandtheyappearalike.Hoverfarabovetheplanetandwatchitasitspinsthroughouttheeras.Withtheplanet’ssurfaceindaylight,littlehumansettlementscanbeseentogrowlargerastheyearsgobyandsmallextensionsappearattheiroutskirts.Watchthesurfacewhenitisinnightandatfirstsomepinpointsoflightflickerforawhileandthengoout.Afteragespass,thoselightbecomestronger;theystayonlonger,andotherglimmeringsappearnearby.Dayandnight,overthousandsofyears,revealtouswideningnetworksofhumansettlementsandilluminationbeingprolongedafterdark.Thesurfaceisnotuniformlyoccupied.Thehoursarenotuniformlylit.Butbothareadvancinginorder.

Bothformsofexpansionarefrontiers.Afrontierisanewsourceofresourcesthatpeopleuseforsubsistenceorforprofit.Itisalsoasafetyvalveforpeoplewhofeelconfined.Theydisperseinresponsetopressuresathomeandtoappealingopportunitieselsewhere.

Now,venturingintothenight,wehavethesamemotivesasourpredecessorswhomigratedgeographically.Thedaytimeistoocrowded.Itscarryingcapacityisbeingstrained,andstillitdoesnotyieldaltthatthecommunitywants.Thechancetoexploitfacilitiesthatareleftidlealsoarousesourinitiativetousemoreofthenight.Usingthesamespacemoreofthetimeisawaytomultiplyitscapacity.Somepeopledislikethecommotionofthedayandcravetheserenityofnight.Otherslooktoittobetterthemselveseconomically.Itisnoaccidentthatpersonalmotivesforreliefandopportunityaresimilartothecausesofexpansionforthecommunityasawhole.Thosearetheage-oldforcesbehindallmigrations.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.TheexamplestheauthorcitesinPara.2(“Thereis…night”)illustrateablurringof（

）

3.Incontext,theuseof“Look”,“Hover,”and“Watch”(inPara.3)isintendedto（

）.

4.InPara.3,"both"mostdirectlyrefersto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingactivitiesprovidesthebestexampleofthe"waytomultiply"asdiscussedinthelastparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.persuadereaderstoincreasetheiruseofnighttimehours

B.arguethatconstanthumanactivityisharmfultoindividualsandgroups

C.explorehowthechanginguseoftimeisrelatedtothehistoryofhumanexpansion

D.critiquethewayinwhichchanginglaborpatternshavecometodominatehumanlife

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ambitionandgreed

B.solitudeandcompanionship

C.theusesofnighttimeandofdaytime

D.thepurposesofworkandofrecreation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.warnreadersofthethreatofunboundedmigration

B.invitereaderstoimaginehumanhistoryvisually

C.preparereaderstoanticipatechangeanditsconsequences

D.promotetheuseofnighttimehoursforworkorleisureactivities

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.workerproductivityandnationalwealth

B.scientificknowledgeandindividualwell-being

C.competingworkdemandsandavailabletime

D.inhabitedspaceandusabletime

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Conductingeveningclassesinpublicschoolbuildings

B.Keepingmunicipalofficesopenduringthelunchhour

C.Enforcingcurfewlawsinresidentialneighborhoods

D.Addingmorebuildingstoafactorycomplex

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.本題是問(wèn)這篇文章的寫作目的，A項(xiàng)意為“為了規(guī)勸讀者多加利用他們的午夜時(shí)間”；B項(xiàng)意為“為了討論持續(xù)的人類活動(dòng)對(duì)個(gè)人和團(tuán)體是有害的”；C項(xiàng)意為“為了探討對(duì)于不斷利用時(shí)間與人們擴(kuò)張的歷史之間是如何聯(lián)系的”；D項(xiàng)意為“為了批判不斷變化的勞動(dòng)方式已經(jīng)主宰了人類的生活”。本題可通過(guò)文中出現(xiàn)的“spreading”、“edgenorthward’’、“Thisextensionacrossallhoursoftheday”以及“Dayandnight,overthousandsofyears,revealtouswideningnetworksofhumansettlementsandilluminationbeingprolongedafterdark.日以繼夜地，幾千年以來(lái)，給我們揭示了人們的定居點(diǎn)不斷擴(kuò)大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及天黑之后照明工具的延長(zhǎng)”等都表明了本文的寫作目的是分析人類活動(dòng)的擴(kuò)張與利用時(shí)間之間的關(guān)系，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.本題是問(wèn)第二段中所舉的例子表明的意思。A項(xiàng)意為“野心和貪婪”；B項(xiàng)意為“孤獨(dú)和陪伴”；C項(xiàng)意為“夜間和白天時(shí)間的利用”；D項(xiàng)意為“工作和娛樂(lè)的目的”。由第二段中的“Thereiswidespreadfactoryshiftwork.Airports,gasolinestations,hotels,restaurantsandbroadcastersoperateincessantly.Data-processingdepartmentsofinsurancecompaniesandbanksareastirallnight.工廠普遍實(shí)行輪班制。機(jī)場(chǎng)、加油站、旅館、餐館和廣播電臺(tái)都在不停地運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。保險(xiǎn)公司和銀行的數(shù)據(jù)處理部門整夜都在忙碌。”列舉了一些需要倒班的工作，所以舉例的目的是為了說(shuō)明人類對(duì)于夜間和白天時(shí)間的充分利用，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.A項(xiàng)意為‘提醒讀者無(wú)限遷移的所帶來(lái)的威脅’；B項(xiàng)意為，‘邀請(qǐng)讀者從視覺上想象人類的歷史‘；C項(xiàng)意為‘為讀者做好預(yù)期的變化和后果的準(zhǔn)備’；D項(xiàng)意為‘推廣在工作或者休閑活動(dòng)中對(duì)于夜間時(shí)間的利用‘。題目中所給詞look意為“看”;hover意為“盤旋”；watch意為“觀察，觀看”，這三個(gè)詞語(yǔ)均與B項(xiàng)中的“visually（視覺上的）”對(duì)應(yīng)。B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.A項(xiàng)意為“工人的生產(chǎn)力和國(guó)家財(cái)富”；B項(xiàng)意為“科學(xué)知識(shí)和個(gè)人幸?！?；C項(xiàng)意為“充滿競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的工作需求和可利用的時(shí)間”；D項(xiàng)意為“居住空間和可利用的時(shí)間”。根據(jù)第一段中的‘havingfirstoccupiedmuchoftheusablespaceintheworld,wearefillingitsusabletime’在第一次占領(lǐng)了世界上大部分的可用空間后，我們正在填補(bǔ)其可用的時(shí)間和第二段最后一句‘Thesurfaceisnotuniformlyoccupied.Thehoursarenotuniformlylit.’表面不是均勻地被占據(jù)的。時(shí)間并不是統(tǒng)一的?？芍猙oth是指空間上和時(shí)間上的占有，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.A項(xiàng)意為“在公立學(xué)校里設(shè)立夜校課程”；B項(xiàng)意為“在午飯時(shí)間開放市政辦公”；C項(xiàng)意為“在住宅社區(qū)施行宵禁法”；D項(xiàng)意為“添加更多的工廠建筑”。文中最后一段提到了‘Thedaytimeistoocrowded.Itscarryingcapacityisbeingstrained,andstillitdoesnotyieldaltthatthecommunitywants.在白天已經(jīng)非常擁擠了，容納量趨于緊張?！@個(gè)擁擠是指一些空間場(chǎng)所。再結(jié)合“Somepeopledislikethecommotionofthedayandcravetheserenityofnight.一些人不喜歡白天的騷動(dòng)，渴望夜晚的寧?kù)o”，以及文中‘Usingthesamespacemoreofthetimeisawaytomultiplyitscapacity.’對(duì)waytomultiply的定義就是更多地利用同一個(gè)空間，所以A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

（）isquitenatural,abeginnercan'treadthebookswritteninEnglishveryquickly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Which

B.As

C.What

D.It

【答案】B

【解析】句意:初學(xué)者不能很快地閱讀英文原版書是很正常的。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候，表示“正如那樣”的含義。as指代的是后面的句子“abeginnercan'treadthebookswritteninEnglishveryquickly’’，而此處不用which,是因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中的which不能放在句首。

6.單選題

Hewas_______totellthetrutheventohisclosestfriend.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.toomuchofacoward

B.toomuchthecoward

C.acowardenough

D.enoughofacoward

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。綜合選項(xiàng)可知，本題考查“too…to…太……以致不能”，toomuchthecoward“懦夫太多”不符合句意，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

______evidenceofheliumsawitasabrightyellowlineinspectroscopestheyaimedatthesun.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thefirstpeoplewhosaw

B.Thefirstpeoplesaw

C.Thefirstpeoplewhohaveseen

D.Thefirstpeoplehadseen

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。Thefirstpeople是先行詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，因此who不能省略，故排除B和D，C項(xiàng)用的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在，時(shí)態(tài)不符，看到“evidenceofhelium”是發(fā)生在過(guò)去，與后面“aimedat”過(guò)去時(shí)保持一致，用see的一般過(guò)去式即可，句意：最早看到氨跡象的人們還以為是分光鏡里面的一條明亮的黃線，當(dāng)時(shí)他們正用分光鏡對(duì)準(zhǔn)太陽(yáng)，因此A正確。

8.單選題

Duringthesetenyears,manynewmethodshavebeen______inthefieldofforeignlanguageteaching.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adopted

B.adapted

C.alarmed

D.aided

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adopted“采用”；B選項(xiàng)adapted“使適合（新用途、新情況）；適應(yīng)（新情況）”；C選項(xiàng)alarmed“使驚恐；給（門等）安裝警報(bào)器”；D選項(xiàng)aided“幫助”。句意：在這十年中，外語(yǔ)教學(xué)領(lǐng)域______許多新的方法。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是提出許多在外語(yǔ)教學(xué)領(lǐng)域上的新方法，A選項(xiàng)adopted“采用”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Toplagiarizeissimply“tousewithout（）credittheideas,expressions,orproductionsof(another),”andthisisremarkablyeasytodounintentionally.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.due

B.necessary

C.important

D.vital

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。句意:剽竊很簡(jiǎn)單，就是“未經(jīng)允許或授權(quán)就使用(他人的)創(chuàng)意，表達(dá)或作品”，而這很容易在無(wú)意中發(fā)生。due“應(yīng)付的,應(yīng)得的”,duecredit為常用搭配，表示“應(yīng)得的榮譽(yù),應(yīng)得的信任”,withoutduecredit在這里引申為“未經(jīng)允許或授權(quán)”。選項(xiàng)A正確。

10.單選題

Theplanefoundthespotandhoveredcloseenoughto（）thatitwasacar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ensure

B.examine

C.verify

D.testify

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：飛機(jī)發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)地點(diǎn)，并盤旋著靠近，以證實(shí)這是一輛汽車。verify指證明，證實(shí)；testify指作證。選項(xiàng)C更符合語(yǔ)境。

11.單選題

Everymaninthiscountryhastherighttolivewherehewantsto,（

）thecolorofhisskin.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.withtheexceptionof

B.inthelightof

C.byvirtueof

D.regardlessof

【答案】D

【解析】詞組詞義辨析。withtheexceptionof除以外；inthelightof根據(jù)，依據(jù)；byvirtueof依靠，憑借，由于；regardlessof不顧，不管。句意：這個(gè)國(guó)家的每個(gè)人都有權(quán)住在他想住的地方，不管他的膚色如何。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

（1）Becauseanalysisultimatelyrestswiththethinkingandchoicesoftheresearcher,qualitativestudiesingeneralarelimitedbyresearchersubjectivity.Therefore,anoverridingconcernisthatofresearcherbias,framingasitdoesassumptions,interests,perceptions,andneeds.（2）Oneofthekeylimitationsofthisstudyistheissueofsubjectivityandpotentialbiasregardingtheresearcher’sownparticipationinadoctoralprogramfirstasastudentandcurrentlyasafacultymember.

（3）Arelatedlimitationwasthatintervieweesmayhavehaddifficultyadjustingto

the

researchertakingontheroleofinterviewer,aphenomenonreferredtobyMaxwellasparticipantreactivity.Becauseafewoftheparticipantsknowtheresearcher,theirresponsesmayhavebeeninfluencedoraffected.（4）Theymayhavetriedoverlyhardtocooperatewiththeresearcherbyofferinghertheresponsestheyperceivedshewasseekingorwhichtheyperceivedmightbehelpfultoher.Alternatively,becauseoffamiliaritywiththeresearcher,thesefewparticipantsmighthavebeenguardedandthereforelesscandidintheirresponses.Recognizingtheselimitations,theresearchertookthefollowingmeasures.（5）

Toreducethelimitationofpotentialbiasduringdataanalysis,theresearcherremovedallparticipantnamesandcodedallinterviewtranscriptsblindlysoasnottoassociateanymaterialordatawithanyparticularindividual.Furthermore，shemadeaconsciousattempttocreateanenvironmentthatwasconducivetohonestandopendialogue.Experienceasaninterviewer,aswellaspriorresearchexperience,washelpfulinthisregard.

【答案】由于分析最終取決于研究者的思維和選擇，定性研究一般受到研究者主體性的限制。

本研究的主要局限性之一是，研究人員以學(xué)生身份和教師身份參與博士項(xiàng)目的主觀性和潛在偏見問(wèn)題。

與此相關(guān)的一個(gè)限制是，受訪者可能難以適應(yīng)研究人員扮演采訪者的角色，麥克斯韋將這種現(xiàn)象稱為參與者反應(yīng)。

他們可能過(guò)于努力地與研究人員合作，向她提供他們認(rèn)為她正在尋找的答案，或者他們認(rèn)為可能對(duì)她有幫助的答案。

為了減少數(shù)據(jù)分析過(guò)程中潛在偏見的限制，研究者刪除了所有參與者的姓名，盲目地對(duì)所有訪談?dòng)涗涍M(jìn)行編碼，不將任何材料或數(shù)據(jù)與任何特定的個(gè)體相關(guān)聯(lián)。

13.寫作題

Somepeoplesaythatthebestpreparationforlifeislearningtobecooperative.Otherstaketheoppositeviewandsaythatlearningtobecompetitiveisthebestpreparation.Writeacompositionofabout150wordstotellwhichoneyouagreeandexplainwhy.

【答案】略

14.單選題

Theframeworkofthespecialtheoryofrelativitycanbeconstructedfromtheassumptionoftheabsoluteinvariabilityofthespeedoflight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.definition

B.encouragement

C.regulation

D.supposition

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。assumption表示“假定，設(shè)想”。A項(xiàng)definition“定義，清晰度”，B項(xiàng)encouragement“鼓勵(lì)”，C項(xiàng)regulation“管理，規(guī)則”，D項(xiàng)supposition“假定，推測(cè)”。句意：狹義相對(duì)論的框架可以從光速絕對(duì)不變性的假設(shè)來(lái)構(gòu)建。根據(jù)題意該題選D。

15.單選題

Theserviceoperates36librariesthroughoutthecountry,whilesix（

）librariesspeciallyservethecountryside.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.drifting

B.mobile

C.shifting

D.rotating

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞分析。drifting意為“漂流的，飄動(dòng)的”；mobile意為“可移動(dòng)的，流動(dòng)的”；shifting意為“轉(zhuǎn)換的”；rotating意為“旋轉(zhuǎn)的”。

句意：該服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)經(jīng)營(yíng)著36家圖書館，其中6家流動(dòng)圖書館專門為農(nóng)村服務(wù)。

16.單選題

ButNaifehandSmithrevealakeenintellect,anavidreaderandapassionateobserverofotherartists’workwhoprogressedfromlaboredfigurestudiestoinspiredoutburstsofcreativeenergy.Farfromanartisticflashinthepan,hepursuedhiscallingwithdoggeddeterminationagainstnearlyinsurmountableodds.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insuperable

B.unsurpassable

C.uncountable

D.invaluable

【答案】A

【解析】句中說(shuō)到他“withdoggeddetermination”，堅(jiān)持不懈地追求自己的理想，因此insurmountableodds必然代表“無(wú)法克服的困難”這一含義。A選項(xiàng)insuperable“不能克服的”；B選項(xiàng)unsurpassable“無(wú)法超越的”；C選項(xiàng)uncountable“無(wú)數(shù)的；不可數(shù)的”；D選項(xiàng)invaluable“無(wú)價(jià)的；非常貴重的”。從句意上來(lái)判斷，這里的nearlyinsurmountableodds指的是“幾乎無(wú)法克服的障礙”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Thebossnamedthecompany（）himself.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.after

C.to

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。nameafter以…命名。句意：老板以他自己的名字給公司命名。

18.問(wèn)答題

TheStateAdministrationforMarketRegulation,whichlaunchedtheprobeintothee-commercegiantinDecember,chargedAlibabawithabusingitsmarketdominance.

ThewatchdogsaiditsinvestigationconcludedthatAlibabahadhinderedonlineretailinChina,affectedinnovationintheplatform-basedinterneteconomy,hurtthelawfulrightsofmerchantsanddamagedconsumers’interests.

The18.23billionyuan($2.8billion)fineonAlibabaGroupHoldingLtd.wasequivalenttofourpercentofAlibaba’sdomesticsalesin2019,accordingtotheSaturdaystatement.Thecompany’searningsreportshoweditregisteredprofitsofabout$12billioninthelastthreemonthsof2020.

Theannouncementisthelatestdevelopmentinthegovernment’sincreasedoversightoninternetcompaniestoavoidthe“disorderlyexpansionofcapital”,curbingbehaviorsuchaseither-orchoicesformerchantsbetweene-commerceplatforms,andpricegougingonregularcustomersviabigdata.

LastDecember,China’santitrustregulatorsmadepublicthroughastatementthedecisiontofine,foranamountof500,000yuan,threeofthecountry’slargesttechnologycompaniesforfailingtodisclosethepurchasesofsmallercompetitors,escalatingthelevelofenforcementagainsteverykindofmonopolisticcorporatebehaviorthataffectsconsumers’interests.

ThecompanieshitbythedecisionareAlibabaInvestment,whichinthreedealsfailedtoobtainapprovalfortheacquisitionofdepartmentstoreoperatorIntimeRetailGroup;Tencent,whichthroughitssubsidiaryChinaLiteraturefailedtoreporttheacquisitionofNewClassicMedia;andSFHolding,whichacquiredacompetitorpreviouslyownedbyChinaPostCorp.

AsisthecasewithAlibaba’sinvestmentandlaterprivatizationofIntime,thefinesrefertodealsconcludedasearlyas2014,leadingtoagreatdealofconcernforChinesetechgiantsfacingretroactivepenaltiesaswellasthepotentialamendmentofthepenaltyamountintheupcomingantitrustlaw.ConsideringthenumberofacquisitionsthatbothAlibabaandTencenthaveconductedovertheyears,thiscouldposeseriousconsequences.

Strengtheninganti-monopolysupervisionhasbecomeaglobaltrend,EconomicDailyreportedonMonday.Antitrustlawenforcementagenciesincountriesandeconomiesintheworldhavetakentoughregulatorystancesandrestrictivemeasuresononlineplatforms.

Accordingtoincompletestatistics,thereportsaid,technologybehemothslikeGoogle,Apple,FacebookandAmazonhavebeendeeplyinvolvedinantitrustinvestigationsintheworldduringthepastfouryears.Amongthem,Googlefaced27cases,AmazonandAppleboth22cases,andFacebook13cases.

Thevoicesagainstbigtechcompaniesnevercease.Theyaredeemedtohavetoomuchpower

—toomuchpoweroveroureconomy,oursociety,andourdemocracy.Theyhavebulldozedcompetition,usedourprivateinformationforprofit,andtiltedtheplayingfieldagainsteveryoneelse.Andintheprocess,theyhavehurtsmallbusinessesandstifledinnovation.

Thegrowingimportanceoftechnologyinthedevelopmentofmoderneconomies,andasacontributortonationalGDPintheageofCovid-19,nowrequiresthemaximumleveloflegislativeinterventionfromeverycountry'sgovernmentthroughanappropriatetrade-offthatencouragestechcompaniestogrowandinnovate,whileguaranteeinganopenandfairmarketenvironment,whichisthebasisofsocialandeconomicstability.

Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheabovetext.

1)Whyisthewholeworldsoworriedabouttheplatform-basedinternetgiants?(10points)

2)DoyouthinkweneedmoreantitrustlawstoregulatethemarketcompetitionorsimplybreakupthosetechgiantsunderthecontextofCovid-19?Justifyyouropinions.(20points)

【答案】1)Becausetheplatform-basedinternetgiantsaredeemedtohavetoomuchpower—toomuchpoweroveroureconomy,oursociety,andourdemocracy.Theyhavebulldozedcompetition,usedourprivateinformationforprofit,andtiltedtheplayingfieldagainsteveryoneelse.Andintheprocess,theyhavehurtsmallbusinessesandstifledinnovation.

2)IagreewiththeideathatintheageofCovid-19,nowrequiresthemaximumleveloflegislativeinterventionfromeverycountry’sgovernmentthroughanappropriatetrade-offthatencouragestechcompaniestogrowandinnovate,whileguaranteeinganopenandfairmarketenvironment,whichisthebasisofsocialandeconomicstability.Inrecentyears,platform-basedinternetgiantshavemadepositivecontributionstomeetconsumers’needsanddrivehigh-qualityeconomicdevelopment.However,withtheuncontrollabletrendofthosetechgiants,theabuseofmarketdominanceisontherise.Aseriesofproblems,suchasrestrictingcompetition,pricediscriminationandharmingtherightsandinterestsofconsumers,haveemerged,whichhavedestroyedtheorderofmarketcompetitionandhinderedindustryinnovation.Remediationofillegalactsthataffectfaircompetitionisconducivetopromotingthedevelopmentofeconomy.Besides,weneedmoreantitrustlawstoregulatethemarketcompetition.TheepidemichasbroughtanunprecedentedimpactonChina’seconomicandsocialdevelopment.First,theproductionandoperationofenterpriseshavebeenaffected.TheextendedSpringFestivalholidayandthedelayinresumingworkhavereducedthenumberofworkingdays,andrestrictionsontransportationinsomeprovincesandcitieshavealsoaffectedthemovementofpeopleandgoodsneededforproduction.Thislosshasalreadybeenreflectedinfirst-quarterGDPgrowth.Second,sincethebeginningofthisyear,consumerspendingonretailsales,catering,tourismandotherareashasdroppedsignificantly.Theepidemichasalsohadaprofoundimpactonthebehaviorofeconomicentities,especiallyconsumerswhomayspendlessoftimeinshoppingmalls,cinemasandothercrowdedplaces.Therefore,weneedmoreantitrustlawunderthissituationforitcanhelptodevelopafair,unified,andopenmarketcompetitionsystem,whichisconducivetothehealthydevelopmentofthesocialeconomyandthefundamentalprotectionoftherightsandinterestsofconsumers.

19.單選題

Recently,JapaneseimportsofmanufacturedgoodsfromChinahavesurgedandthereputationofChineseproductshasimprovedsubstantially,givingrisetoconcernthatChinawillsoonreplaceJapanasthe"factoryoftheworld".AnobjectiveevaluationofChina'sindustrialstrength,however,suggeststhatthereisstillalongwaytogobeforeitwillbecomeatrulyadvancedindustrialcountryonparwithJapan.

Firstofall,thehighproportionoflabor-intensiveproductsinChina'sexportsmeansthatitstradestructureistypicalofanewlyindustrializingeconomy(NIE).

Thisisdifferentfromthatofdevelopedcountries,wherethemajorexportitems,suchasmachinery,aretechnology-intensive.AlthoughChinaisincreasingitsshareoftheglobalmarketformanufacturedgoods,includingsomeinformation-technology(IT)productsthatareclassifiedashigh-tech,Chineseexportsarestillhighlyconcentratedinlower-endproducts.Intheeaseoftelevisions,forinstance,Japanspecializesinhigh-definitionandotherhigher-endmodels,whileChinaproducesstandardmodelswhoseunitvaluesaremuchlower.

ReflectingChinasemphasisonprocessingtrade,goods"madeinChina"containlargenumbersofoverseascomponents,someofwhicharemadeinJapan.AccordingtoofficialChinesestatistics,increasingexportsbyUSS1millionrequiresimportingintermediategoodsandcomponentsworth$500,000,whichdonotformpartofChina'sgrossdomesticproduct(GDP).Moreover,theproportionofthisimportedcontentishigherforhigh-techthanforlow-techproducts.Acomputerlabeled"madeinChina"islikelytocontainalargeportionofimportedcontentsincludinganIntelcentralprocessingunit(CPU),MicrosoftWindowsoperatingsystem,andaliquidcrystaldisplaymadeinJapanorSouthKorea.

Inaddition,approximatelyhalfofChina'sexportsareproducedbysubsidiariesofforeigncompanies,towhichdividends,interestcharges,royaltiesandotherfeesmustbepaid.EvenamongChinesecompanieswithnocapitalrelationswithoverseascompanies,themajorityoftheirexportsareprocessedunderOEM(originalequipmentmanufacturing)contractsandsoldwithforeignbrandnames.Thusonlyaverysmallpercentageofthevalue-addedofproductslabeled"madeinChina"isactually"madebyChina".ThelattercorrespondstotheconceptofChina'sgrossnationalproduct(GNP),andexcludesimportchargesonintermediategoodsandinvestmentincomepaidtooverseascountries.

Chinaissoheavilydependentonforeignpartnersthatithasyettodevelopitsownedge-cuttingtechnologyandinternationallyrecognizedbrandnames.Ontopofthis;Chinesecompaniesareinferiortotheiroverseascounterpartsinvirtuallyeveryaspect,beitcapital,humanresources,orbusinessmanagement.Asaresult,Chinahasnooptionbuttolooktocheaplaborforitsexportcompetitiveness.Indeed,themajorityofChinascontributiontothevalue-addedofitsexportslieswiththecostoflabor,andtheverylowwagesinChina,averaginglessthan$100amonth,implythatthiscontributionmustbeverysmall.Assuch,thecommonassumptionthatChinesegoodsarecompetitivebecausethecountry'swagelevelsarelowholdstrueonlyforlabor-intensiveproductsanddoesnotnecessarilyapplytoindustryasawhole.Instead,China'slowwagesshouldbeinterpretedasareflectionofthefactthatitslaborproductivityispoor.ItiswhenChina'swagelevelsapproachthoseofJapan,reflectingariseinproductivity,whichChinawillreallybecomeaformidablecompetitorforJapan.

1.Whydoestheauthorsay"thereisstillalongwaytogobeforeitwillbecomeatrulyadvancedindustrialcountryonparwithJapan"?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,what'sthedifferencebetweenproductslabeled"madeinChina"andthoselabeled"madebyChina'?

3.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutthecompetitivenessofJapan'sproducts?

4.Theword“subsidiaries”i