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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽中澳科技職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Ithadhappened[A]toooftenthatthefarmerssoldtheirwheatsoonafterharvestwhenfarmdebtswerecomingdue,[B]onlytoseepricesrisingandspeculatorsgettingrich.Onvariousoccasions,producergroups[C]askedfirmercontrol,butthegovernmenthadnowishtobecomeinvolved,[D]atleastnotuntilwartimewhenwheatpricesthreatenedtorunwild.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.toooften

B.onlytosee

C.askedfirmercontrol

D.atleastnotuntil

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。C選項(xiàng)處應(yīng)表示“要求更嚴(yán)格的控制”,而只有askfor才表示“要求,請(qǐng)求”。應(yīng)將asked改為askedfor。

2.單選題

HarvardUniversityandMITare______thefourthandfifthlargestemployersinthearea.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.representatively

B.respectively

C.respectably

D.respectfully

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.representatively典型地B.respectively分別地,各自地

C.respectably相當(dāng)好地,可敬地D.respectfully尊敬地

【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】由空格后面的thefourthandfifthlargestemployers(第四大和第五大雇主)可知,“分別地”符合句子意思。因此,B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句子意思。

【句意】哈佛大學(xué)和麻省理工學(xué)院分別是該地區(qū)第四大和第五大雇主。

3.單選題

MyniecehasbeentoSumatraandIranaswellasallofEurope;bythetimesheistwenty,she()almosteverywhere.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willbe

B.wouldhavebeen

C.willhavebeen

D.wouldbe

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我侄女曾經(jīng)去過(guò)蘇門(mén)答臘島、伊朗及全歐洲,等到她二十歲吋,她將幾乎去過(guò)所有地方。

語(yǔ)法題??疾閷?lái)完成時(shí)。分析句意可知空格處應(yīng)使用將來(lái)完成時(shí):shall/willhave+過(guò)去分詞,故選C。

4.單選題

______ourkindnesstohelpher,Susanrefusedtolistentous.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Atall

B.Forall

C.Inall

D.Onall

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)Atall“(否定句)根本”;B選項(xiàng)Forall“盡管”;C選項(xiàng)Inall“總計(jì)”;D選項(xiàng)Onall“總的來(lái)說(shuō)”。句意:______我們好心地幫助蘇珊,她不聽(tīng)我們的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,這里應(yīng)該填入連詞表示邏輯關(guān)系,前后對(duì)比表示轉(zhuǎn)折符合語(yǔ)境,B選項(xiàng)Forall“盡管”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanygivenculturewill(

)totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conform

B.confirm

C.confine

D.confront

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。conform意為“遵守,遵從,服從”;confirm意為“確認(rèn),批準(zhǔn)”;confine意為“限制”;confront意為“面對(duì)”。

句意:在任何一個(gè)文化環(huán)境中的絕大多數(shù)人都會(huì)遵守那種文化的既定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

6.單選題

Inthemidstofsomanyevasivecomments,thisforthrightstatement,whateveritsintrinsicmerit,plainlystandsoutas(

).

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ananomaly

B.aprofundity

C.aparadigm

D.amisnomer

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意:在這些閃爍其詞的評(píng)論當(dāng)中,這個(gè)直率的言論,不管它本身的價(jià)值如何,都非常明確的表現(xiàn)為一個(gè)反常的評(píng)論。anomaly異常,反常事物;profundity深刻,深度;paradigm范例;misnomer用詞不當(dāng),誤稱。句中提到的thisforthrightstatement是眾多言論中的一個(gè),單獨(dú)針對(duì)這個(gè)直率的言論,且不作任何評(píng)價(jià),但也說(shuō)明這個(gè)有與眾不同的地方。故答案為A。

7.單選題

You’vedonemoreoftheworkthanIhaverecentlysoI’llgiveupmydayoffin().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.offset

B.redress

C.herald

D.compensate

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查了名詞的辨析。offset“抵消;補(bǔ)償”;redress“救濟(jì);賠償;糾正”;herald“使者;先驅(qū)”;compensate“補(bǔ)償;賠償”(只有動(dòng)詞形式),此處應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)名詞與介詞in搭配表示“補(bǔ)償,彌補(bǔ)”的意思,所以可以排除選項(xiàng)C和D,redress一般不這樣搭配,inoffset是慣用搭配,故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。

8.單選題

Wehadthoughttheexamwouldbedifficult,butit(

)easy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.turned

B.came

C.appeared

D.proved

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)turn“轉(zhuǎn)彎;轉(zhuǎn)變”;B選項(xiàng)come“做;假裝;來(lái)”;C選項(xiàng)appear“出現(xiàn);顯得”;D選項(xiàng)prove“證明;結(jié)果表明”。句意:我們?cè)詾榭荚嚂?huì)很難,但……它很容易。appear后接形容詞表示“結(jié)果表明……”時(shí)應(yīng)用“appeartobe……”結(jié)構(gòu)。只有prove后面接形容詞有此用法且符合語(yǔ)境。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.翻譯題

過(guò)去十年間,中國(guó)手機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展可謂有目共睹,幾乎每年都會(huì)新增約八千萬(wàn)用戶,但據(jù)英國(guó)廣播公司報(bào)道,在某種程度上,真正的通訊革命才剛剛開(kāi)始。

今年,中國(guó)將取代美國(guó)成為世界最大的智能手機(jī)市場(chǎng)。對(duì)很多中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō),智能手機(jī)使他們第一次擁有了通向互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的私人路徑。這對(duì)于信息技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)商、尤其是移動(dòng)手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序開(kāi)發(fā)商來(lái)說(shuō)是非比尋常的機(jī)遇。

那么,應(yīng)用程序開(kāi)發(fā)商是怎么在中國(guó)賺到錢(qián)的呢?一種方法就是嘗試“應(yīng)用內(nèi)銷售”一一他們推出免費(fèi)的應(yīng)用程序,一旦用戶被吸引,再以較低的價(jià)格賣(mài)給他們體驗(yàn)增強(qiáng)版。雖然中國(guó)的用戶只愿意出幾分錢(qián)來(lái)購(gòu)買(mǎi)升級(jí)服務(wù),但只要想想用戶多達(dá)數(shù)百萬(wàn),加在一起很快就是一大筆錢(qián)。不過(guò),對(duì)于非游戲類應(yīng)用程序開(kāi)發(fā)商來(lái)說(shuō),要發(fā)展就得依靠廣告收益。

【答案】ThemobilenetworkgrowthinChinahasbeenremarkable,withsome80millionnewusersjoiningeveryyearforthepastdecade.Buttosomeextent,therealcommunicationsrevolutionhasonlyjustbegun,BBCreported.

Thisyear,ChinawillovertakeAmericaastheworld'sbiggestSmartphonemarket.FormanyChinese,theSmartphoneoffersthemtheirfirstpersonalaccesstoInternet.Thisisanextraordinaryopportunityforinformationtechnologydevelopers,especiallymobileappdevelopers.

SohowthendoesanappdevelopermakemoneyinChina?Onewayistotryin-appsales—theyofferfreeappsandonceusersarehooked,theywillsellthemanenhancedversionoftheexperienceatalowerprice.AlthoughusersinChinamaybeonlywillingtopayafewcentsfortheenhancedservice,whenyou'retalkingmillionsofusers,thatcansoonadduptoalotofmoney.But,fornon-gameappdevelopers,theremustbeadvertisingrevenuetomoveforward.

10.單選題

Scienceisbasedonexperiment,onawillingnessto()olddogma,onanopennesstoseetheuniverseasitreallyis.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.encounter

B.convert

C.challenge

D.formulate

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。encounter“偶然遇見(jiàn)”;convert“轉(zhuǎn)換”;challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”;formulate“規(guī)劃”。句意:科學(xué)是基于實(shí)驗(yàn)的,愿意去挑戰(zhàn)老教條,以開(kāi)放的眼光去探求宇宙的本質(zhì)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

11.單選題

Allindividualsarerequiredto(

)tothelawsmadebytheirgovernments.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obey

B.conform

C.concede

D.observe

【答案】B

【解析】obey服從,聽(tīng)從;conform遵守,使一致,順從;concede承認(rèn),退讓;observe觀察,注意到,評(píng)論。句意:所有個(gè)人都必須遵守政府制定的法律。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

12.翻譯題

Optimismandpessimismarebothpowerfulforces,andeachofusmustchoosewhichwewanttoshapeouroutlookandourexpectations.Thereisenoughgoodandbadineveryone'slife—amplesorrowandhappiness,sufficientjoyandpain—tofindarationalbasisforeitheroptimismorpessimism.Wecanchoosetolaughorcry,blessorcurse.It'sourdecision:Fromwhichperspectivedowewanttoviewlife?Willwelookupinhopeordownindespair?Ibelieveintheupwardlook.Ichoosetohighlightthepositiveandsliprightoverthenegative.Iamanoptimistbychoiceasmuchasbynature.

TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphsintoChinese

【答案】樂(lè)觀和悲觀都是兩種強(qiáng)大的力量。我們每個(gè)人都必需選擇其一,用來(lái)塑造我們的觀點(diǎn)和期望。每個(gè)人的生活中都有很多好事與壞事,如足夠的悲傷與快樂(lè),足夠的滿足與痛苦。這些都是形成悲觀和樂(lè)觀的合理基礎(chǔ)。我們能夠選擇是笑或是哭,是祝福還是詛咒。我們可以自己決定用哪種角度來(lái)看待生活,或者我們是昂首尋找希望還是低頭沮喪呢?我贊成昂首尋找希望。我選擇積極的一面,而且忽略消極的一面。出于本性,我選擇做一個(gè)樂(lè)觀主義者。

13.單選題

Icanrespectsomeonewhois()fortheiractions,butIcannotrespectsomeonewhoisalwayspointingthefinger.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.millennium

B.dominant

C.accountable

D.commercial

【答案】C

【解析】語(yǔ)義題。millennium一千年,千禧年;dominant占優(yōu)勢(shì)的,支配的;accountable負(fù)有責(zé)任的;commercial商業(yè)的,商務(wù)的。accountable符合要求。根據(jù)句中but一詞推測(cè),空格出應(yīng)填與alwayspointingthefinger(總是指手畫(huà)腳)反向的詞。因此選C。

14.單選題

Ishouldliketorentahouse,modern,comfortableand______inaquietenvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.allinall

B.firstofall

C.afterall

D.aboveall

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)allinall“總而言之,頭等重要的東西”,B項(xiàng)firstofall“首先,最重要的是”,C項(xiàng)afterall“畢竟”,D項(xiàng)aboveall“首先,尤其是”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞modern“現(xiàn)代的”,comfortable“舒適的”和inaquietenvironment“在一個(gè)非常安靜的環(huán)境中”可知,空格部分表示“最重要的是”,C項(xiàng)可排除;A、B選項(xiàng)一般放在句首,D項(xiàng)側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)引起特別注意,所以D項(xiàng)符合。句意:我想租一所房子,現(xiàn)代的,舒適的,最重要的是在一個(gè)安靜的環(huán)境。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Intheeveningtheymetatthehotel,bothcontentwiththeirday,happytoeata()mealtogetheranddancealittleafterwards.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.manually

B.causally

C.leisurely

D.vigorously

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。manually“手動(dòng)地”;causally“有原因地”;leisurely“休閑地,從容地”;vigorously“精神旺盛地,活潑地”。句意:晚上他們?cè)诰频昱雒妫瑢?duì)這一天都很滿足,他們開(kāi)心地一起吃了一頓()的晚餐,然后一起跳了一會(huì)兒舞。由and后面的內(nèi)容“跳舞”可推知and前面的內(nèi)容的狀態(tài)也是比較悠閑,輕松的,故C項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics—thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.

Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsub-millimeteraccuracy—fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.

Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,”saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecan’tyetgivearobotenough‘commonsense’toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.’’

Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.

Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain’sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan’tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon’tknowquitehowwedoit.

1.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin().

2.Theword“gizmos”(Line2,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans().

3.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman’sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan().

4.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso().

5.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction

B.thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry

C.theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork

D.theelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork2.Theword“gizmos”(Line2,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans().

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.programs

B.experts

C.devices

D.creatures3.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman’sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan().

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery

B.interactwithhumanbeingsverbally

C.havealittlecommonsense

D.respondindependentlytoachangingworld4.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso().

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.makeafewdecisionsforthemselves

B.dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention

C.improvefactoryenvironments

D.cultivatehumancreativity.5.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare().

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure

B.abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately

C.farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation

D.bestusedinacontrolledenvironment

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:人類的創(chuàng)造性最初表現(xiàn)在_________。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Humaningenuity”和“initially”可以定位到文章第一段開(kāi)頭Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.(從人類產(chǎn)生智慧初期至今,人們一直在設(shè)計(jì)越來(lái)越巧妙的工具來(lái)應(yīng)付那些危險(xiǎn)的、枯燥的、繁重的或者直接就是骯臟的工作。),可知,C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)明工具以處理困難和危險(xiǎn)的工作”,符合題意。由于講的是最初的創(chuàng)造力,因此可以排除A選項(xiàng)“用機(jī)器來(lái)創(chuàng)作科幻小說(shuō)”,B選項(xiàng)“制造業(yè)對(duì)機(jī)器的廣泛使用”和D選項(xiàng)“精英人士對(duì)危險(xiǎn)和枯燥的工作的巧妙的處理”。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

2.詞義辨析題。題干:?jiǎn)卧~“gizmos”(第二段第一行)最有可能的意思是_________。由題干定位到文章第二段第一句話Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.(由此引起的結(jié)果是,現(xiàn)代世界已經(jīng)充斥著越來(lái)越多的智能____,盡管我們幾乎都注意不到它們,但它們的普遍存在卻節(jié)省了許多人類勞力。),然后作者提及到了“工廠機(jī)械手”、“自動(dòng)柜員機(jī)”以及“機(jī)器人駕駛員”等等。由此我們可以認(rèn)定這些設(shè)施都是對(duì)“gizmo”的舉例和解釋。而這幾樣?xùn)|西具有一個(gè)共同的特征,即它們都是“工具”。相比四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有C選項(xiàng)“設(shè)備”最合適。A選項(xiàng)“程序”,B選項(xiàng)“專家”和D選項(xiàng)“生物”,均不符合題意。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:根據(jù)本文,現(xiàn)在超越人類能力范圍的是設(shè)計(jì)一種能________的機(jī)器人。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段最后一句話wecan’tyetgivearobotenough‘commonsense’toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.(我們現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)法設(shè)計(jì)出能有足夠的常識(shí)去應(yīng)付一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)世界的機(jī)器人。),因?yàn)樵摼渲械摹癲ynamic”就是“動(dòng)態(tài)的、變化的”意思,因此我們可以判定選項(xiàng)D“對(duì)一個(gè)變化的世界獨(dú)立應(yīng)付”是可以目前不能做到,D選項(xiàng)符合題意。而C選項(xiàng)“有一些常識(shí)”,是可以做到的。第二段末尾提到therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsub-millimeteraccuracy(已經(jīng)有一些機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)可以進(jìn)行精確到亞毫米的腦部和骨骼手術(shù)。),可知A選項(xiàng)“完成諸如腦手術(shù)這樣的精細(xì)的工作”,是可以做到的,排除。第二段第三句話Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction(我們的銀行業(yè)務(wù)是在自動(dòng)柜員機(jī)完成的,它們會(huì)機(jī)械地、禮貌地感謝我們的服務(wù)。),所以現(xiàn)在的機(jī)器人例如自動(dòng)柜員機(jī)可以進(jìn)行口頭交流,B選項(xiàng)“與人類進(jìn)行口頭交流”,排除。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:除了減少人類勞動(dòng),機(jī)器人還能夠_________。尋找機(jī)器人還能夠從事什么工作,這就需要對(duì)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較,尋找答案。A選項(xiàng)提到機(jī)器人能夠?yàn)樽约鹤鰩讉€(gè)決策,通過(guò)“decision”這個(gè)單詞可以定位到第三段第一句話Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves.(但是如果機(jī)器人要進(jìn)入節(jié)省勞力的下一個(gè)階段,他們必須能夠在更少的人工監(jiān)控下運(yùn)行,并且至少能夠獨(dú)立地做一些決定。),這句話表明,目前機(jī)器人還不能獨(dú)立做一些決定,所以A選項(xiàng)排除。通過(guò)第三段第二句話Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror(雖然我們知道如何讓機(jī)器人去糾正一個(gè)特定的錯(cuò)誤),可知,B選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)人類干預(yù)處理一些錯(cuò)誤”,符合題意。由最后一段第二句話Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.(他們已經(jīng)制造出能夠在受控的工廠環(huán)境中識(shí)別出一毫米以內(nèi)的機(jī)器誤差的機(jī)器人。),可知機(jī)器人是受環(huán)境控制的,所以C選項(xiàng)“改善工廠環(huán)境”不正確。D選項(xiàng)“培養(yǎng)人的創(chuàng)造性”,機(jī)器人的性能應(yīng)該是由人培養(yǎng)的,所以D選項(xiàng)的說(shuō)法不正確。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

5.作者意圖題。題干:作者使用猴子的例子,為的是說(shuō)機(jī)器人_________。最后一段提到Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan’tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon’tknowquitehowwedoit.(但人們看一眼迅速變化的場(chǎng)景就能夠迅速的排除98%的不相干信息,立即把注意力集中到蜿蜒的森林小路邊的一只猴子,或者在茫茫人海中的一張可疑的臉。地球上最先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)也無(wú)法達(dá)到這種能力。),由此可知,機(jī)器人、人工智能,雖然能為人類做很多工作,但與人的大腦智能、感知能力相比,還相差甚遠(yuǎn)。所以C選項(xiàng)“在聚焦相關(guān)信息方面遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不如人類”,描述正確。A選項(xiàng)“被期望復(fù)制人腦內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)”,B選項(xiàng)“能夠立即覺(jué)察到不正常情況”,D選項(xiàng)“最適合在受控環(huán)境下使用”,均不是作者舉例子的意圖。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

17.單選題

Iknowofnootherqualitiesthanthinkingwhichmakesfortheperfectionofthemind()italonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incase

B.providingthat

C.forallthat

D.inasmuchas

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。incase“以防”;providingthat“假如”;forallthat“盡管”;inasmuchas“因?yàn)椤?。句意:我想沒(méi)有比思考更能完善人的思想的了,因?yàn)樗屛覀兂蔀槿祟?,與其他動(dòng)物區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

18.單選題

Generally,itisonlywhenanimalsaretrappedthatthey___toviolenceinordertoescape.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.proceed

B.appeal

C.resort

D.incline

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.proceed開(kāi)始;繼續(xù)進(jìn)行B.appeal呼吁;懇求

C.resort訴諸;采取D.incline傾向于

【考察點(diǎn)】詞組辨析

【解題思路】句意為只有動(dòng)物在被困住的時(shí)候,它們才會(huì)采取暴力措施來(lái)逃走。C選項(xiàng)resort接to表采取的意思,符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)proceedto繼續(xù)下去;

B選項(xiàng)appealto呼吁;上訴;要求;對(duì)……有吸引力;

D選項(xiàng)inclineto傾向于。Inclineto更多指具有什么傾向。但是該題目應(yīng)該選采取暴力措施。因?yàn)轭}意為動(dòng)物們已經(jīng)被困住了;

以上選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】一般來(lái)說(shuō),只有當(dāng)動(dòng)物被困住時(shí),它們才會(huì)采取暴力措施以逃脫。

19.單選題

Ifyougointoagoodlibrary,youwillfindthousandsofbooksonglobalization.Somewilllaudit.Somewillwarnaboutitsdangers.Butthey’llagreethatglobalizationisthechiefprocessdrivingourage.Ourlivesarebeingtransformedbytheincreasingmovementofgoods,peopleandcapitalacrossborders.

Theglobalizationparadigmhasled,inthepoliticalarena,toacertainhistoricalnarrative:therewereoncenation-statesliketheU.S.andtheEuropeanpowers,whoseeconomiescouldbesecuredwithinborders.Butnowcapitalflowsfreely.Technologyhasleveledtheplayingfield.Competitionisglobalandfierce.

NewdynamoslikeIndiaandChinathreatenAmericanDominancethankstotheircheaplaborandmanipulatedcurrencies.Now,everythingismadeabroad.Americanmanufacturingisindecline.Therestoftheeconomyisthreatened.

HillaryClintonsummarizedthenarrativethisweek:“Theycameforthesteelcompaniesandnobodysaidanything.Theycamefortheautocompaniesandnobodysaidanything.Theycamefortheofficecompanies,peoplewhodidwhite-collarjobs,andnoonesaidanything.Andtheycamefortheprofessionaljobsthatcouldbeoutsourced,andnobodysaidanything.”

Theglobalizationparadigmhasturnedouttobeveryconvenientforpoliticians.Itallowsthemtoblameforeignersforeconomicwoes.Itallowsthemtotreateconomicandsocialchangeasagreatmercantilist’scompetition,withvariousteamscompetingforglobalsupremacy,andwithpoliticiansstarringasthecommandinggenerals.

Butthere’saproblemwiththewaytheglobalizationparadigmhasevolved.Itdoesn’treallyexplainmostofwhatishappeningintheworld.

Globalizationisrealandimportant.It’sjustnotthecentralforcedrivingeconomicchange.SomeAmericanshaveseentheirjobshippedoverseas,butglobalcompetitionhasaccountedforasmallshareofjobcreationanddestructionoverthepastfewdecades.Capitaldoesindeedflowaroundtheworld.ButasPankajGhemawatoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolhasobserved,90percentoffixedinvestmentaroundtheworldisdomestic.Companiesopenplantsoverseas,butthat’smainlysotheirproductionfacilitiescanbeclosetolocalmarkets.

Noristheglobalizationparadigmevenaccuratewhenappliedtomanufacturing.InsteadoffleeingtoAsia,U.S.manufacturingoutputisupoverrecentdecades.AsThomasDuesterbergofManufacturersAlliance/MAPI,aresearchfirm,haspointedout,theU.S’sshareofglobalmanufacturingoutputhasactuallyincreasedslightlysince1980.

Thechiefforcereshapingmanufacturingistechnologicalchange(hastenedbycompetitionwithothercompaniesinCanada,Germanyordownthestreet).Thankstoinnovation,manufacturingproductivityhaddoubledovertwodecades.Employersnowrequirefewerbutmorehighlyskilledworkers.TechnologicalchangeaffectsChinajustasitdoestheAmerica.WilliamOverholtoftheRANDCorporationhasnotedthatbetween1994and2004theChineseshed25millionmanufacturingjobs,10timesmorethantheU.S.

Thecentralprocessdrivingthisisnotglobalization.It’stheskillsrevolution.We’removingintoamoredemandingcognitiveage.Inordertosurvive,peoplearecompelledtobecomebetteratabsorbing,processingandcombinginformation.Thisishappeninginlocalizedandglobalizedsectors,anditwouldbehappeningevenifyoutoreupeveryfreetradedealeverinked.

Theglobalizationparadigmemphasizesthefactthatinformationcannowtravel15,000milesinaninstant.Butthemostimportantpartofinformation’sjourneyisthelastfewinches—thespacebetweenaperson’seyesorearsandthevariousregionsofthebrain.Doestheindividualhavethecapacitytounderstandtheinformation?Doesheorshehavethetrainingtoexploitit?Arethereculturalassumptionsthatdistortthewayitisperceived?

Theglobalizationparadigmleadspeopletoseeeconomicdevelopmentasaformofforeignpolicy,asagrandcompetitionbetweennationsandcivilizations.Theseabstractions,called“theChinese”or“theIndians”,aredoingthisorthat.Butthecognitiveageparadigmemphasizespsychology,cultureandpedagogy—thespecificprocessesthatfosterlearning.Itemphasizesthatdifferentsocietiesarebeingstressedinsimilarwaysbyincreaseddemandsonhumancapital.Ifyouunderstandthatyouarelivingatthebeginningofacognitiveage,you’refocusingontherealsourceofprosperityandunderstandthatyouranxietyisnotbeingcausedbyaforeigner.

It’snotthatglobalizationandtheskillsrevolutionarecontradictoryprocesses.Butwhichparadigmyouembracedetermineswhichfactsandremediesyouemphasize.Politicians,especiallyDemocraticones,havefalleninlovewiththeglobalizationparadigm.It’stimetomovebeyondit.

1.Themeaningoftheword“l(fā)aud”inparagraph1canbestexplainedby____.

2.Inparagraph2,“Technologyhasleveledtheplayingfield.”means____.

3.Accordingtothewriter,____isthecentralforcetobeprosperous.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?

5.Amongthestatementsaboutglobalizationandcognitiveage,whichoneisTRUE?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.laughat

B.praise

C.objectto

D.agreewith

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.playingfieldsarerankedaccordingtotechnologicallevels

B.technologyisacontributivefactortoplayer’ssuccess

C.technologyisadecisiveelementinglobalcompetition

D.technologyisdestroyingplayingground

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.information

B.globalization

C.economicchange

D.skillsrevolution

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theeconomicanxietywillbealleviatedbyrewritingtradedeals.

B.TheshareofU.S.inglobalmanufacturingoutputhasbeenonarisesince1980.

C.Developingcountries,aswellasdevelopedcountries,areaffectedbytechnologicalchange.

D.Companiescanhavecloseaccesstolocalmarketsthroughopeningfactoriesoverseas.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Globalizationandcognitiveageparadigmsarecontrarytoeachother.

B.Cognitiveageparadigmattachesstresstothetravellingofinformation.

C.Globalizationisaformofforeignpolicythatblamesforeignersforbringingeconomicanxiety.

D.Cognitiveageparadigmemphasizestheimportanceandincreaseddemandsonhumancapital.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Themeaningoftheword“l(fā)aud”inparagraph1canbestexplainedby____.第一段中“l(fā)aud”一詞的含義可以用____來(lái)解釋。

A.laughatA.嘲笑

B.praiseB.贊美

C.objecttoC.反對(duì)

D.agreewithD.同意

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞paragraph1和laud定位到原文第一段第二句,該句提到“有些人會(huì)____它。”該句前文提到“如果你走進(jìn)一個(gè)好的圖書(shū)館,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)成千上萬(wàn)的關(guān)于全球化的書(shū)(booksonglobalization)”,后文提到“一些人會(huì)警告它的危險(xiǎn)(warnaboutitsdangers)。但他們會(huì)同意(agree)全球化是推動(dòng)我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的主要進(jìn)程?!庇纱丝芍八敝傅氖乔拔某霈F(xiàn)的“全球化”,“l(fā)aud”是一些人對(duì)全球化的態(tài)度,并且與后文“警告它的危險(xiǎn)”形成對(duì)比,并且,總的來(lái)說(shuō),他們是同意“全球化推動(dòng)時(shí)代進(jìn)程的作用”這一觀點(diǎn)的,因此,B選項(xiàng)“贊美”最符合原文。原詞laud“贊美”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“嘲笑”、C選項(xiàng)“反對(duì)”、D選項(xiàng)“同意”,不符合原文。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inparagraph2,“Technologyhasleveledtheplayingfield.”means____.第2段中,“Technologyhasleveledtheplayingfield.”這句話的含義是____。

A.playingfieldsarerankedaccordingtotechnologicallevelsA.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境是根據(jù)技術(shù)水平排名的

B.technologyisacontributivefactortoplayer’ssuccessB.技術(shù)是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者成功的一個(gè)重要因素

C.technologyisadecisiveelementinglobalcompetitionC.技術(shù)是全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的決定性因素

D.technologyisdestroyingplayinggroundD.技術(shù)正在破壞競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞paragraph2定位到原文第二段?!癟echnologyhasleveledtheplayingfield”是本段倒數(shù)第二句話。前文提到“曾經(jīng)像美國(guó)、歐洲國(guó)家這樣的大國(guó),它們的經(jīng)濟(jì)可以在本國(guó)邊界內(nèi)得到保障”,后文提到“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是全球性的和激烈的”,引用部分的語(yǔ)義為“但是現(xiàn)在資本自由流動(dòng),Technology(技術(shù))hasleveledtheplayingfield(競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境)”。由此可知,以前的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)只是在本國(guó),美國(guó)和歐洲大國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)可以得到保障;“資本自由流動(dòng)”產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果是“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是全球性的”,“Technology(技術(shù))hasleveledtheplayingfield(競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境)”表達(dá)的“技術(shù)對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境造成的影響”產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果是“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是激烈的”。Level的意思是“使平等”,這句話表達(dá),技術(shù)使所有的國(guó)家,無(wú)論大小,都可以平等地參與競(jìng)爭(zhēng),正因?yàn)槿绱耍蚋?jìng)爭(zhēng)更激烈了。因此,B選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者成功的一個(gè)重要因素”符合原文,該選項(xiàng)體現(xiàn)了技術(shù)的重要性。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境是根據(jù)技術(shù)水平排名的”,本段并沒(méi)有講競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境的排名,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)是全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的決定性因素”,該選項(xiàng)雖然也體現(xiàn)了技術(shù)的重要性,但是“決定性因素”的表述太具體,原文并沒(méi)有相關(guān)表述,如果用“重要因素”會(huì)更好,該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推理;

D選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)正在破壞競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境”,所有國(guó)家都能平等地參與競(jìng)爭(zhēng),競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境應(yīng)該是變好了,而不是破壞競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothewriter,____isthecentralforcetobeprosperous.作者認(rèn)為,____是實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮的核心力量。

A.informationA.信息

B.globalizationB.全球化

C.economicchangeC.經(jīng)濟(jì)變革

D.skillsrevolutionD.技能革命

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thecentralforcetobeprosperous定位到原文第十二段最后一句,該句提到“如果你明白你正生活在一個(gè)認(rèn)知時(shí)代(acognitiveage)的開(kāi)端,你就會(huì)專注于繁榮的真正來(lái)源(therealsourceofprosperity)”原文第十段前四句提到“推動(dòng)這一進(jìn)程的核心(Thecentralprocessdrivingthis)不是全球化。這就是技能革命(skillsrevolution)。我們正進(jìn)入一個(gè)要求更高的認(rèn)知時(shí)代(amoredemandingcognitiveage)。為了生存,人們不得不變得更善于吸收、處理和梳理信息。”第九段第一句也提到“重塑制造業(yè)的主要力量是技術(shù)變革(technologicalchange)”。因此,D選項(xiàng)“技能革命”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“信息”,可定位到原文第十段“為了生存,人們不得不變得更善于吸收、處理和梳理信息”,但是本段主要是在強(qiáng)調(diào)“技術(shù)革命”的重要性,該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置;

B選項(xiàng)“全球化”,原文第七段前兩句提到“全球化(Globalization)是真實(shí)而重要的。這并不是推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)變革的核心力量(notthecentralforcedrivingeconomicchange)”,由此可知,全球化不是最重要的,該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置;

C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)變革”,可定位到原文第七段第二句,該句提到“這(全球化)并不是推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)變革(economicchange)的核心力量

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