考研考博-英語-四川建筑職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川建筑職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

“（

）arevisitorsallowedtofeedtheanimals."Thewarningcanbeseenonthesignboardinfromeverycage.

問題1選項

A.Inanytime

B.Innotime

C.Onnoaccount

D.Onanyaccount

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。inanytime在任何時候；innotime立刻；onnoaccount絕不；onanyaccount任何情況下。句意：“決不允許游客給動物喂食”，每一個籠子前面都可以看到這種警示語。C項符合句意，答案C

2.單選題

Yetthedifferenceintoneandlanguagemuststrikeus,sosoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionofreligionandthatofreasoncoincide,thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.Religionsaremany,reasonone.Religionconsistsofconsciousideas,hopes,enthusiasms,andobjectsofworship;itoperatesbygraceandflourishesbyprayer.Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,norcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.Religionbringssomeorderintolifebyweightingitwithnewmaterials.Reasonaddstothenaturalmaterialsonlytheperfectorderwhichitintroducesintothem.Rationalityisnothingbutaform,anidealconstitutionwhichexperiencemaymoreorlessembody.Religionisapartofexperienceitself:amassofsentimentsandideas.Theoneisaninviolateprinciple,theotherachangingandstrugglingforce.Andyetthisstrugglingandchangingforceofreligionseemstodirectmantowardsomethingeternal.Itseemstomakeforanultimateharmonywithinthesoulandforanultimateharmonybetweenthesoulandallthatthesouldependsupon.Religion,initsintent,isamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety,science,orart,fortheseapproachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthegoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.Religionalsohasaninstinctiveandblindsideandbubblesupinallmannerofchancepracticesandintuitions;soon,however,itfeelsitswaytowardtheheartofthings,andfromwhateverquarteritmaycome,veersinthedirectionoftheultimate.

Nevertheless,wemustconfessthatthisreligiouspursuitoftheLifeofReasonhasbeensingularlyabortive.Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselvestoexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefuture;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingtheirachievementswithwhatreasonrequires,mustfeelhowterribleisthedisappointmentwhichtheyhaveoneandallpreparedformankind.Theirchiefanxietyhasbeentoofferimaginaryremediesformortalills.Someofwhichareincurableessentially,whileothersmighthavebeenreallycuredbywell-directedeffort.TheGreekoracles,forinstance,pretendedtohealournaturalignorance,whichhasitsappropriatethoughdifficultcure,whiletheChristianvisionofheavenpretendedtobeanantidotetoournaturaldeath—theinevitablecorrelateofbirth,andofachangingandconditionedexistence.Bymethodsofthissortlittlecanbedonefortherealbettermentoflife.Toconfuseintelligenceanddislocatesentimentbygratuitousfictionsisashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness,Natureissoonavenged.Anunhealthyexaltationandaone-sidedmoralityhavetobefollowedbyregrettablereaction.Whenthiscome,therealrewardsoflifemayseemvaintoarelaxedvitality,andtheverynameofvirtuemayirritateyoungspiritsuntrainedinanynaturalexcellence,Thus,religiontoooftendebauchesthemoralityitcomestosanctionandimpedesthescienceitoughttofulfill.

Whatisthesecretofthisineptitude?Whydoesreligion,soneartorationalityinitspurpose,fallsoshortofitinitsresults?Theansweriseasy;religionpursuesrationalitythroughtheimagination.Whenitexplainseventsorassignscauses,itisanimaginativesubstituteforscience.Whenitgivesprecepts,insinuatesideals,orremouldsaspiration,itisanimaginativesubstituteforwisdom—Imeanforthedeliberateandimpartialpursuitofallgood.Theconditionandtheaimsoflifearebothrepresentedinreligionpoetically,butthispoetrytendstoarrogatetoitselfliteraltruthandmoralauthority,neitherofwhichitpossesses.Hencethedepthandimportanceofreligionbecomesintelligiblenolessthanitscontradictionsandpracticaldisasters.Itsobjectisthesameasthatofreason,butitsmethodistoproceedbyintuitionandbyuncheckedpoeticalconceits.

1.Asusedinthepassage,theauthorwoulddefinewisdomas（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtotheauthor?

3.Theauthorofthispassagestatesthatreligiondiffersfromrationalityinthat

（

）.

4.AllofthefollowingtermsmaybeusedtodescribetheconceptofreasonasusedbytheauthorEXCEPT（

）.

問題1選項

A.thepursuitofrationalitythroughimagination

B.anunemotionalsearchforthetruth

C.apurposefulandunbiasedquestforthatwhichisbest

D.ashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness

問題2選項

A.Religionseeksthetruththroughimagination;reason,initssearch,utilizestheemotions

B.Religionhasprovedanineffectivetoolinsolvingman’sproblems.

C.Scienceseeksapiecemealsolutiontoman’squestions.

D.Thepoetryofreligionoftenassumesthatitisthetruth.

問題3選項

A.itreliesonintuitionratherthanreasoning

B.itisnotconcernedwiththeultimatejustificationofitsinstinctiveaims

C.itdebauchesyoungminds

D.ithasinspiredmankind

問題4選項

A.unemotional

B.orderly

C.reconciledtotheinevitable

D.imaginative

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題干中關(guān)鍵詞wisdom出現(xiàn)在文章最后一段，恰好詞后有破折號“Whenitgivesprecepts,insinuatesideals,orremouldsaspiration,itisanimaginativesubstituteforwisdom—Imeanforthedeliberateandimpartialpursuitofallgood”，當它給人訓(xùn)誡、暗示理想或重塑抱負時，它是一種富有想象力的智慧的替代品：我認為，它是對一切美好事物深思熟慮、不偏不倚的追求。瀏覽四個選項發(fā)現(xiàn)，C選項“一種對最好的事物有目的且無偏見的追求”符合文意。

2.判斷推理題。第一段中說到對reason理性的態(tài)度“Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,norcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.我們遵循或不遵循它；它既不催促我們，也不責(zé)備我們，除了以事物的真實性質(zhì)和比例展現(xiàn)出來而自然地激起我們的感情外，它不要求我們有任何感情。”，A選項后半部分“理性在尋找的過程中利用了情感”與文章不符合，因此A選項正確。B選項“宗教已被證明是解決人類問題的一種無效工具”出現(xiàn)在文章第二段“Bymethodsofthissortlittlecanbedonefortherealbettermentoflife.用這種方法（宗教的方法），對生活的真正改善幾乎是無能為力的”；C選項“科學(xué)尋求對人類問題的漸進解決辦法”對應(yīng)文章第三段“Whenitexplainseventsorassignscauses,itisanimaginativesubstituteforscience.當它解釋事件或分配原因時，它是科學(xué)的想象替代品”；D選項“宗教的詩歌常常假定它是真理”對應(yīng)第三段中“Theconditionandtheaimsoflifearebothrepresentedinreligionpoetically,butthispoetrytendstoarrogatetoitselfliteraltruthandmoralauthority,neitherofwhichitpossesses.生活的目的和條件在宗教中都有詩意的體現(xiàn)，但這種詩意往往把宗教所不具備的字面上的真理和道德上的權(quán)威據(jù)為己有”。

3.判斷推理題。第一段提到題干中兩個關(guān)鍵詞“religion”和“rationality”。本題問的是宗教的不同之處，因此定位到“religion”相關(guān)句“Religionisapartofexperienceitself:amassofsentimentsandideas.Theoneisaninviolateprinciple,theotherachangingandstrugglingforce.Andyetthisstrugglingandchangingforceofreligionseemstodirectmantowardsomethingeternal.Itseemstomakeforanultimateharmonywithinthesoulandforanultimateharmonybetweenthesoulandallthatthesouldependsupon.宗教是經(jīng)驗本身的一部分：大量的情感和思想。一個是不可違背的原則，另一個是變化和奮斗的力量。然而，宗教的這種掙扎和變化的力量似乎把人引向某種永恒的東西。它似乎是為了靈魂內(nèi)部的終極和諧，以及靈魂和靈魂所依賴的一切之間的終極和諧?！睂Ρ冗x項可知，D選項“它鼓舞了人類”符合上述文意。

4.判斷推理題。Reason在本文中的定義出現(xiàn)在第一段“Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,norcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.另一方面，理性只是一種原則或潛在的秩序，我們確實可以根據(jù)它來思考，但它只存在于我們心中，沒有任何變化或壓力。我們遵循或不遵循它；它既不催促我們，也不責(zé)備我們，除了以事物的真實性質(zhì)和比例展現(xiàn)出來而自然地激起我們的感情外，它不要求我們有任何感情?！盇選項unemotional“非感情的”，B選項orderly“有秩序的”，C選項reconciledtotheinevitable“接受不可避免的事實”均出現(xiàn)在上述語句中，D選項imaginative“富于想象的”不符合文中表述，不可用來描述reason。

3.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassageandthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChinese.

Storiesabouttheproblemsoftourismhavebecomelegioninthelastfewyears.Yetitdoesnothavetobeaproblem.

Althoughtourisminevitablyaffectstheregioninwhichittakesplace,thecoststothesefragileenvironmentsandtheirlocalculturesashashappenedwiththeSperpasofNepal’sKhumbuValleyandinsomeAlpinevillages.Andagrowingnumberofadventuretourismoperatorsaretryingtoensurethattheiractivitiesbenefitthelocalpopulationandenvironmentoverthelongterm.

IntheSwissAlpscommunitieshavedecidedthattheirfuturedependsonintegratingtourismmoreeffectivelywiththelocaleconomy.LocalconcernabouttherisingnumberofsecondhomedevelopmentintheSwissPaysd’Enhautresultedinlimitsbeingimposedontheirgrowth.Therehasalsobeenarenaissanceincommunalcheeseproductioninthearea,providingthelocalswithareliablesourceofincomethatdoesnotdependonoutsidevisitors.

ManyoftheArctictouristdestinationshavebeenexploitedbyoutsidecompanies,whoemploytransientworkersandrepatriatemostoftheprofitstotheirhomebase.ButsomeArcticcommunitiesarenowoperatingtourbusinessesthemselves,therebyensuringthatthebenefitsaccruelocally.Forinstance,anativecorporationinAlaska,employinglocalpeople,isrunninganairtourfromAnchoragetoKotzebue,wheretouristseatArcticfood,walkonthetundraandwatchlocalmusiciansanddancers.

NativepeopleinthedesertregionsoftheAmericanSouthwesthavefollowedsimilarstrategies,encouragingtouriststovisittheirpueblosandreservationstopurchasehigh-qualityhandicraftsandartwork.TheAcomaandSanIldefonsopuebloshaveestablishedhighlyprofitablepotterybusinesses,whiletheNavajoandHopigroupshavebeensimilarlysuccessfulwithjewelry.

Toomanypeoplelivinginfragileenvironmentshavelostcontrolovertheireconomies,theircultureandtheirenvironmentwhentourismhaspenetratedtheirhomelands.Merelyrestrictingtourismcannotbethesolutiontotheimbalance,becausepeople’sdesiretoseenewplaceswillnotjustdisappear.Instead,communitiesinfragileenvironmentsmustachievegreatercontrolovertourismventuresintheirregionsinordertobalancetheirneedsandaspirationswiththedemandsoftourism.Agrowingnumberofcommunitiesaredemonstratingthat,withfirmcommunaldecision-making,thisispossible.Thecriticalquestionnowiswhetherthiscanbecomethenorm,ratherthantheexception.

【答案】在過去的幾年里，有關(guān)旅游業(yè)問題的報道層出不窮。然而，這并不一定是一個問題。

在瑞士阿爾卑斯地區(qū)的社區(qū)已經(jīng)明確，他們的未來取決于更有效地將旅游業(yè)與當?shù)亟?jīng)濟結(jié)合起來。

該地區(qū)的公共奶酪生產(chǎn)也出現(xiàn)了復(fù)興，為當?shù)厝颂峁┝瞬灰蕾囃鈦碛慰偷目煽渴杖雭碓础?/p>

僅僅限制旅游業(yè)不能解決這種不平衡，因為人們對新地方觀光的渴望不會消失。

現(xiàn)在問題的關(guān)鍵是，這能否成為常態(tài)，而不是例外。

4.單選題

Themostsuccessfulpost-careerathletesarethosewhocantaketheidentityandlifeskillstheylearnedinsportsand（）themtoanotherareaoflife.

問題1選項

A.utilize

B.employ

C.apply

D.exert

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。utilize“利用”；employ“使用，采用”；apply“申請，應(yīng)用”；exert“運用，發(fā)揮”。句意：最成功的退役后的運動員是那些將他們從運動中學(xué)到的技巧和同一性運用到生活的其他領(lǐng)域的人。C項符合題意。

5.單選題

AskmostpeoplehowtheydefinetheAmericanDreamandchancesarethatthey’llsay,“Success.”ThedreamofindividualopportunityhasbeenhomeinAmericansinceEuropeansdiscovereda“newworld”intheWesternHemisphere.EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeanCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders:inLettersfromanAmericanFarmer(1782)hewrote.“Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfettered(無拘無束白勺)andunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimself—Wehavenoprinces,forwhomwetoil,starve,andbleed:wearethemostperfectsocietynowexistingintheworld.'*Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.

OurnationalmythologyisfullofillustrationoftheAmericansuccessstory.There’sBenjaminFranklin,theverymodeloftheself-educated,self-mademan,whorosefrommodestoriginstobecomeawell-knownscientist,philosopher,andstatesman.Inthenineteenthcentury,HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican’sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales.Thenotionofsuccesshauntsus:wespendmillioneveryyearreadingabouttherichandfamous,learninghowto“makeafortuneinrealestatewithnomoneydown,”and“dressingforsuccess.”Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit'sasimportanttobe“successful.,inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.

Butdreamseasilyturnintonightmares.EveryAmericanwhohopesto“makeit”alsoknowsthefearoffailure,becausethemythofsuccessinevitablyimpliescomparisonbetweenthehavesandthehave-nots,thestarsandtheanonymouscrowd.Underpressureofthemyth,webecomeindulgedinstatussymbols:wetrytoliveinthe“right”neighborhoods,wearthe“right’’clothes,eatthe“right”foods.Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall.yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.

1.WhatistheessenceoftheAmericanDreamaccordingtoCrevecoeur?

2.Bysaying“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”(Line8-9,Para.1),theauthormeans（）.

3.ThecharactersdescribedinHoratioAlger’snovelsarepeoplewho（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphthat（）.

5.WhatistheparadoxofAmericancultureaccordingtotheauthor?

問題1選項

A.Peoplearefreetodeveloptheirpowerofimagination.

B.Peoplewhoarehonestandworkhardcansucceed.

C.Peoplearefreefromexploitationandoppression.

D.Peoplecanfullyenjoyindividualfreedom.

問題2選項

A.themorediligentoneis.thebiggerhisreturns

B.laboriousworkensuresthegrowthofanindustry

C.aman’sbusinessshouldbedevelopedstepbystep

D.acompany’ssuccessdependsonitsemployees'hardwork

問題3選項

A.succeedinrealestateinvestment

B.earnedenormousfortunesbychances

C.becamewealthyafterstartinglifeverypoor

D.becamefamousdespitetheirmodestorigins

問題4選項

A.businesssuccessoftencontributestoasuccessfulmarriage

B.Americanswithtosucceedineveryaspectoflife

C.goodpersonalrelationshipsleadtobusinesssuccess

D.successfulbusinesspeopleprovidegoodcarefortheirchildren

問題5選項

A.TheAmericanroadtosuccessisfullofnightmares.

B.Statessymbolsarenotarealindicatorofaperson’swealth.

C.TheAmericanDreamisnothingbutanemptydream.

D.WhatAmericansstriveafteroftencontradictstheirbeliefs.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段Crevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.克雷夫柯高度贊揚在這片新土地上所能找到的自由和機會?？芍狣項“人們可以充分享受個人自由”正確。

2.語義題。由Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.在這片土地上，“一個人辛勤勞動的回報與他勞動的進步同步”的承諾吸引了來自歐洲的貧困移民，并推動了國家向西部地區(qū)的擴張。可知一個人的回報與其付出成正比，付出越多，回報越大。故A項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由第二段HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican’sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales?；衾仔?阿爾杰(HoratioAlger)是一位為小男孩寫小說的作家，他的白手起家的故事成為美國最暢銷的作家。可知Horatio是憑借自己的勞動從白手起家到成功致富的人。故C項正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit’sasimportanttobe“successful”inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.成功的神話甚至已經(jīng)侵入了我們的人際關(guān)系:今天，在婚姻或父母中取得“成功”和在事業(yè)中取得成功一樣重要。”可知美國人追求生活各方面的成功。故B項正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.這些區(qū)別的象征向我們和其他人保證，我們堅信所有人的基本平等，但我們?nèi)员M最大努力將自己與我們的同胞區(qū)分開來。由此可知美國文化當中的矛盾就是一方面追求平等，另一方面卻希望將自己與別人區(qū)分開來，美國人追求的與其信仰沖突，故D項正確。

6.單選題

Agoodleaderknowswhatarepracticalquestionsandalsoheknowswhento（）andwhentofight.

問題1選項

A.compromise

B.struggle

C.advance

D.flee

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。compromise"妥協(xié),讓步";struggle"努力,掙扎";advance"前進,進展";flee"逃跑,消失"。句意:一個好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者知道什么是實際問題,他也知道什么時候應(yīng)該（）,什么時候應(yīng)該戰(zhàn)斗。填空處應(yīng)該和fight相對應(yīng),選項A符合句意。

7.單選題

DavidCameronputBritain’sfuture（

）,inanaudaciousgamblethatunitedhisConservativePartybutwhichcouldhaveprofoundimplicationsforthepartyandthecountry.

問題1選項

A.inline

B.intheline

C.online

D.ontheline

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。inline“成一排”；intheline“在列隊中”；online“在線的”；ontheline“處于危險中”。句意：戴維?卡梅倫將英國的未來置于危險中，在一場無畏的賭博中，將保守黨統(tǒng)一在一起，卻能給保守黨個整個國家?guī)硪饬x深遠的影響。選項D符合題意。

8.單選題

Withthe（

）ofMary,allthegirlstudentsareeagertogototheparty.

問題1選項

A.exhibition

B.exception

C.except

D.reception

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。exhibition“展覽，展覽會；顯示”；exception“例外，異議”；except“除……之外”，是介詞；reception“接待，接收”。句意：除了瑪麗之外，所有的女生都希望去聚會。選項B符合題意。

9.單選題

Thepolicehaveofferedalarge（）forinformationleadingtorobber’sarrest.

問題1選項

A.reward

B.award

C.compensation

D.prize

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。reward意為“酬謝，獎賞”，尤指因表現(xiàn)出色或向他人提供幫助或服務(wù)而得到的酬謝；award尤指因表現(xiàn)出色或成績卓越由官方?jīng)Q定頒發(fā)的“獎品，獎金，獎賞，獎狀”；compensation尤指因損失而給予的“補償（賠償）物，補償（賠償）金”；prize尤指在比賽、競賽中獲得的“獎品，獎賞”。句意：警局提供了豐厚的獎賞來獎勵那些為抓住罪犯提供線索的人。

10.單選題

AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendly,courteous,andhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.Tobefair,thisobservationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadians,andshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereare,ofcourse,exceptions.Small-mindedofficials,rudewaiters,andill-manneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.

Foralongperiodoftimeandinmanypartsofthecountry,atravelerwasawelcomebreakinanotherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourcesofdiversion,andbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld.

Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.Someonetravelingalone,ifhungry,injured,orill,oftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement.Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.Itreflectedtheharshnessofdailylife:ifyoudidn’ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareofhim,therewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomeday,remember,youmightbeinthesamesituation.

Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationsthatspecializedinhelpingthewearytraveler.Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUS,especiallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails.Iwasjusttravelingthrough,gottalkingwiththisAmerican,andprettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner—amazing.SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificial,butastheresultofahistoricallydevelopedculturaltradition.

Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignalsassumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.And,ofcourse,speakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailtotranslateculturalmeaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.Forexample,whenanAmericanusesthewordfriend,theculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitor’slanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.Yet,beingfriendlyisavirtuethatmanyAmericansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers.

1.Theword“observation”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（

）.

2.Peopleinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertaintravelersbecausethesestrangerswould

（

）.

3.Nowadaysthetraditionoffriendlinesstostrangers

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

5.Fromthelastparagraphofthepassagewehavelearnedthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.attention.

B.watchfulness.

C.survey.

D.opinion.

問題2選項

A.bringgoodnewsfromoutsideworld.

B.helplocalssolvetheirproblems.

C.bringachangetothelifeinthesettlements.

D.requiresadifferentdefinition.

問題3選項

A.isstillprevailing.

B.canrarelybeseen

C.iswadingfast

D.requiresadifferentdefinition

問題4選項

A.Peoplearestillfondoftravelingtoremoteplaces.

B.Foreigntravelersnowkeepawayfrombusytouristtrails.

C.Thereisnocharitableorganizationinsmallcities.

D.ForeignvisitorstotheUShavetroubleunderstandingAmerican’sfriendliness.

問題5選項

A.theabilityofspeakingaforeignlanguageimpliesabetterunderstandingofitsculture

B.variousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamongfriends

C.cultureexercisesagreatinfluenceonsocialinterrelationships

D.courteousconventionandindividualinterestarecloselyinterrelated

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，“observation”指的是上文所提及的認為大多數(shù)美國人和加拿大人友好，禮貌和樂于助人的觀點。所以選項D正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，邊境地區(qū)人們的生活通常是單調(diào)乏味的，所以他們喜歡招待旅行者或陌生人，因為這些陌生人和旅行者不僅帶來了消遣，還帶來了外部世界的消息。也就是說，給他們的生活帶來了些許改變，所以選項C正確。選項A表述太片面；選項B和D在文中沒有提及。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUS...”招待陌生人的古老傳統(tǒng)在美國仍然非常盛行。選項A符合原文。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句“SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.”到美國旅游的人持有這樣的觀點并不罕見，但并不總是能夠正確的理解。也就是說，到美國來旅游的游客很難理解美國人的友好。選項D與原文表述一致，所以正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，第一句為本段的主旨句“Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignalsassumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.”正如任何發(fā)達社會一樣，在美國，一系列復(fù)雜的文化特征，信念和習(xí)俗構(gòu)成了所有社會關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)。也就是說，文化對社會關(guān)系有很大的影響。選項C符合原文。

11.單選題

Themailwas（）fortwodaysbecauseofthesnowstorm.

問題1選項

A.heldback

B.heldout

C.heldup

D.heldon

【答案】A

【解析】heldback隱瞞,

退縮,

控制,

阻止；heldout提出,

顯示；heldup舉起,

提出,

支持；heldon等一下,

繼續(xù)。句意：由于暴風(fēng)雪的原因,

郵件延誤了兩天。只有選項A符合句意。

12.單選題

IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom—awomen’sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkative,frequentlyofferingideasandanecdotes,whilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon'ttalktothem.Thismanquicklynoddedinagreement.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid“She’sthetalkerinourfamily.”Theroomburstintolaughter;themanlookedpuzzledandhurt.“It’strue,”heexplained.“WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn’tkeeptheconversationgoing,we’dspendthewholeeveninginsilence.”

ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituations,theyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.

ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate1970s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbookDivorceTalkthatmostofthewomensheinterviewed—butonlyafewofthemen—gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly