考研考博-英語-廈門興才職業(yè)技術學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廈門興才職業(yè)技術學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

ThefloweringteahasbeensellingbrisklyatupscaleretailerssuchasWholeFoodsMarket,jumpingfrom9%ofNumi’ssalesto26%duringthelastholidayseason.

問題1選項

A.uplevel

B.uptick

C.upmarket

D.upbuilt

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義形容詞辨析。A選項uplevel僅有uplevel形式，意為“高電平”；B選項uptick“（n.）小幅增加，微升；報升”；C選項upmarket“質優(yōu)價高的；高級的；在高檔之列”；D選項upbuilt“（v.）建立，建造”。句意：鮮花茶在全食超市（WholeFoodsMarket）等高檔零售商的銷售一直很火爆，在上個假期期間，占Numi銷售額的比例從9%躍升至26%。upscale“高消費階層的，高檔的”，C選項與該詞詞意最相近，因此C選項正確。

2.單選題

AtfirstJackieprayed,frozeninfear,butgraduallyhisterror（

）curiosity.

問題1選項

A.gaveawayto

B.gavewayto

C.goawayto

D.livedupto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項giveawayto“泄露，贈送，告發(fā)”；B選項givewayto“向……讓步，向……妥協(xié)，被……替代”；C選項goawayto“離開，消失，外出”；D選項liveupto“遵守（諾言），符合，不辜負（期望）”。句中的but表示轉折關系，可推測此處是指由最差的恐懼到后面的好奇，B選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：起初Jackie在恐懼中祈禱，但漸漸地，他的恐懼被好奇替代。

3.單選題

Thefishingvillageof1,480peopleisableakandlonelyplace.SetonthesouthwesternedgeofIceland,thevolcaniclandscapeiswhippedbytheNorthAtlanticwinds,whichhusheverythingaroundthem.Asculptureattheentrancetothevillagedepictsanakedmanfacingawallofseawatertwicehisheight.Thereisnomovietheater,andmanyresidentsneverventuretothecapital,a50-minutedriveaway.

ButSandgerdimightbetheperfectplacetoraisegirlswhohavemathematicaltalent.Governmentresearcherstwoyearsagotestedalmostevery15-year-oldinIcelandforitandfoundthatboystrailedfarbehindgirls.Thatfactwasuniqueamongthe41countriesthatparticipatedinthestandardizedtestforthatagegroupdesignedbytheOrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopment.ButwhileIceland’sgirlswerealoneintheworldintheirsignificantleadinmath,theirnationaladvantageof15pointswassmallcomparedwiththeonetheyhadoverboysinfishingvillageslikeSandgerdi,whereitwascloserto30.

TheteachersofSandgerdi’s254studentswereonlymildlysurprisedbytheresults.Theysaythegendergapisastorynotoftalentbutmotivation.Boysthinkofschoolassufferingsonthewaytoafutureoffindingrichesatsea;forgirls,it’stheirticketoutoftown.MargretIngporsdottirandHannaMariaHeidarsdottir,both15,studentsatSandgerdi'sgleamingschool—whichhasasciencelaboratory,acomputerroomandawell-stockedlibrary—havenodoubtthattheyareheadedforuniversity.“IthinkIwillbeapharmacist,”saysHeidarsdottir.TheteenssatinprincipalGudjonKristjansson’sofficelastweek,waitingforaridetothenearbytownofKevlavik,wheretheywerecompetinginWestIceland’syearlymathcontest,oneofmanythroughoutIcelandinwhichgirlsexcel.

Meanwhile,bytheharbor,GisliTorHauksson,14,alreadyhasbigplansthatdon’trequirespendinghisafternoonstoilingovergeometry.“I’llbeafisherman,”hesays,justlikemostofhisancestors.Hisfatherrecentlyreturnedhomefrom60daysatseaoffthecoastofNorway.“Hecamebackwith1.1millionkrona,”about$18,000，saysHauksson.Asforschool,hesays，“itdestroysthebrain.”Heintendstoquitat16,theearliestageatwhichhecandosolegally“Aboyseeshisolderbrotherwhohasbeenatseaforonlytwoyearsandhasabettercarandabiggerhousethantheheadmaster,”saysKristjansson.

ButthestoryoffemaleachievementinIcelanddoesn'tnecessarilyhaveahappyending.Educatorshavefoundthatwhengirlsleavetheirruralenclavestoattenduniversitiesinthenation’scities,theirscienceadvantagegenerallyshrinks.While61%ofuniversitystudentsarewomen,theymakeuponlyone-thirdofIceland’ssciencestudents.Bythetimetheyenterthelabormarket,manyareovertakenbymen,whobecomedoctors,engineersandcomputertechnicians.Educatorssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyflinchbackinthefaceofreal,head-to-headcompetitionwithboys.InamathclassataReykjavikschool,AsgeirGurdmundsson,17,saysthatalthoughgirlswereconsistentlybrighterthanboysatschool,“theyjustseemtoleavethetechnicaljobstous.”SaysSoirunGensdottir,thedirectorofeducationattheMinistryofEducation,ScienceandCulture:“Wehavetofindawaytostopgirlsfromdroppingoutofsciences.”

Teachersacrossthecountryhavebeguntoexperimentwithwaystoraiseboystothelevelofgirlsinelementaryandsecondaryeducation.ThehighschoolinKevlawiktriedanexperimentin2002and2003,separating16-to-20-year-oldsbygenderfortwoyears.Thattimetheboysslippedevenfurtherbehind.“Theboyssaidthegirlswerebetteranyway,”saysKrlstjanAsmundsson,whotaughtthe25boys.“Theydidn’teventry.”

1.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeSandgerdi?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhygirlsdobetterthanboysinmathatSandgerdiismostprobablythefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

3.Thefifthparagraphsuggeststhatinthefieldofscience

（

）.

4.Girlsflinchbackinthecompetitionwithboysmostprobablybecause

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?

問題1選項

A.desolate

B.poor

C.bustling

D.thriving

問題2選項

A.boysandgirlssharedifferentincentivesinmathlearning

B.thegirlsaremoreanxiousabouttheirfuturecareer

C.theboysconsiderthatfishingdoesn’tnecessarilyneedmath

D.theboysspendmoretimeontheirparttimejobs

問題3選項

A.womenhaveadvantagesovermenincompetition

B.womentendtobeinalessembarrassinglevel

C.menareplyingmoreimportantroles

D.Menareonethirdlessthanwomeninnumber

問題4選項

A.theyareshortofconfidenceinthemselves

B.employersoftenpreferboystotaketechnicaljobs

C.theyhavepoorerperformanceintechnicaljobs

D.theyarewillingtoleavetechnicaljobstoboys

問題5選項

A.AVillageInIceland

B.ALandWhereGirlsRuleinMath

C.BoysClevererThanGirls?

D.ScienceStudentsinSandgerdi

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。A選項desolate“荒涼的”；B選項poor“貧窮的”；C選項bustling“繁忙的”；D選項thriving“繁榮的”。由文章第一段中的Thefishingvillageof1,480peopleisableakandlonelyplace.（這個有1480人的漁村是一個荒涼而孤獨的地方）可知Sandgerdi是一個荒涼的地方，因此選A。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的Theysaythegendergapisastorynotoftalentbutmotivation.（他們說性別差距不是來自資質的差別，而是學習動力的差別）可知D選項“男孩們把更多的時間花在兼職上”符合題意，A、B、C選項都與“學習動力”有關。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第五段中的While61%ofuniversitystudentsarewomen,theymakeuponlyone-thirdofIceland’ssciencestudents.Bythetimetheyenterthelabormarket,manyareovertakenbymen,whobecomedoctors,engineersandcomputertechnicians.（盡管61%的大學生是女性，但她們只占冰島理科學生的三分之一。當他們進入勞動力市場時，許多人被男性所取代，他們成為醫(yī)生、工程師和計算機技術人員）可知C選項“男人扮演著更重要的角色”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Educatorssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyflinchbackinthefaceofreal,head-to-headcompetitionwithboys.（教育家們說，他們看到許多聰明的女孩在面對真實的、面對面的與男孩的競爭時突然退縮）可知A選項“她們對自己缺乏信心”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了在冰島上的Sandgerdi由于男女學生學習的動機不一樣，女生在數(shù)學成績上男生優(yōu)秀，因此B選項“女生在數(shù)學上占統(tǒng)治地位的地方”符合題意。

4.單選題

Amazonhasgivenintopublisherpressureandagreedtoabandontheir$9.99pricepointfore-books.

PublisherMacmillanfeltthatthe$9.99pricedevaluedmanyofitsbestsellers,whichoftensellfor$30inhardcoverformat.Inresponsetothepricingdispute,AmazonbrieflyremovedallMacmillanbooksfromitsstorelastweek.However,theboycottlastedonlyafewdaysbeforeAmazongaveintoMacmillan’sdemands.

InastatementSunday,Amazondefendeditspositiontocustomers:

Macmillan,oneofthe“bigsix”publishers,hasclearlycommunicatedtousthat,regardlessofourviewpoint,theyarecommittedtoswitchingtoanagencymodelandcharging$12.99to$14.99fore-booksversionsofbestsellersandmosthardcoverreleases.

WehaveexpressedourstrongdisagreementandtheseriousnessofourdisagreementbytemporarilyceasingthesaleofallMacmillantitles.Wewantyoutoknowthatultimately,however,wewillhavetocapitulateandacceptMacmillan’stermsbecauseMacmillanhasamonopolyovertheirowntitles,andwewillwanttoofferthemtoyouevenatpriceswebelieveareneedlesslyhighfore-books.

Amazon’sdecisiontothrowinthetowelmayberelatedtoMacmillan’srecentagreementtosellbooksinApple’siBookstore.Amazonhascapturedanoverwhelmingshareofthee-bookmarketwithitsKindlereader,butiftheiPadbecomessuccessfulpublishers’mayturntoAppletoselltheire-books.

Publishersseemmoreinterestedinprotectingthevalueoftheirhardcoverbooksthancompetinginadigitalformat.WillhighereBookpricesconvinceyoutopurchaseaphysicalcopyofyournextnovel,orwillyouacceptamodestpriceincreasegiventhate-booksaretypicallycheaper?

1.WhatcanbesaidofthepricingdisputebetweenAmazonandMacmillan?

2.“Tothrowinthetowel”inthelastbutoneparagraphmeans（）.

3.WhataccountedforAmazon'sfailuretocontinueitsboycottaccordingtoitsstatement?

4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

問題1選項

A.Macmillanwonthedispute.

B.Amazonwonthedispute.

C.Neitherofthemwonthedispute.

D.Customersenjoyedthedispute.

問題2選項

A.tomakeupone'smindtotrysomething

B.toindicateyourdisagreement

C.tothreatentofightback

D.toadmitthatyouhavebeendefeated

問題3選項

A.Amazonscowardice.

B.Macmillan’sarrogance.

C.Amazon’sgenerosity.

D.Macmillan’smonopoly.

問題4選項

A.Macmillanpreferredtoselltraditionalbooksratherthane-books.

B.ApplemademoreprofitthanAmazoninsellinge-books.

C.Macmillanintendedtoincreaseitse-bookmarket.

D.Amazonwasreadytoselle-booksatlowerprices.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.WhatcanbesaidofthepricingdisputebetweenAmazonandMacmillan?1.關于亞馬遜和麥克米倫之間的價格糾紛，我們能說些什么呢？

A.Macmillanwonthedispute.A.麥克米倫贏得了這場糾紛。

B.Amazonwonthedispute.B.亞馬遜贏得了這場糾紛。

C.Neitherofthemwonthedispute.C.兩者都沒有贏得這場糾紛。

D.Customersenjoyedthedispute.D.顧客們喜歡這種糾紛。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關鍵詞pricingdispute定位至第二段最后兩句“作為對價格爭端的回應，亞馬遜上周短暫地從其商店下架了麥克米倫的所有書籍。然而，抵制活動只持續(xù)了幾天，亞馬遜就屈從于麥克米倫的要求（theboycottlastedonlyafewdaysbeforeAmazongaveintoMacmillan’sdemands）。”，從中可知，關于亞馬遜和麥克米倫之間的價格糾紛，亞馬遜抵制了幾天后還是屈從了麥克米倫的要求，所以推斷，麥克米倫贏得了這場價格糾紛。A項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B項“亞馬遜贏得了這場糾紛”和C項“兩者都沒有贏得這場糾紛”根據(jù)解題思路可知，該兩項曲解原文；

D項“顧客們喜歡這種糾紛”沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.“Tothrowinthetowel”inthelastbutoneparagraphmeans______.2.倒數(shù)第二段中“Tothrowinthetowel”的意思是______。

A.tomakeupone’smindtotrysomethingA.下定決心做某事

B.toindicateyourdisagreementB.表示你的不同意

C.tothreatentofightbackC.威脅要反擊

D.toadmitthatyouhavebeendefeatedD.承認你被打敗了

【考查點】詞義推測題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至倒數(shù)第二段第一句“亞馬遜決定tothrowinthetowel可能與麥克米倫最近同意在蘋果的iBookstore銷售圖書有關”，由上文可知，亞馬遜對麥克米倫公司的要求作出了讓步，所以推測tothrowinthetowel在這里的意思是“承認讓步，認輸”。故該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】A項“下定決心做某事”、B項“表示你的不同意”和C項“威脅要反擊”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項屬于曲解原文。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.WhataccountedforAmazon’sfailuretocontinueitsboycottaccordingtoitsstatement?3.根據(jù)亞馬遜的聲明，是什么原因導致其未能繼續(xù)抵制？

A.Amazon’scowardice.A.亞馬遜的懦弱。

B.Macmillan’sarrogance.B.麥克米倫的傲慢。

C.Amazon’sgenerosity.C.亞馬遜的慷慨。

D.Macmillan’smonopoly.D.麥克米倫的壟斷。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第五段最后一句“我們將不得不屈服并接受麥克米倫的條件，因為麥克米倫壟斷了他們自己的圖書……”，從中可知，亞馬遜未能繼續(xù)抵制是因為麥克米倫的壟斷，D項符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“亞馬遜的懦弱”，從文中亞馬遜的抵制來看，亞馬遜并不懦弱，該項屬于反向干擾；

B項“麥克米倫的傲慢”和C項“亞馬遜的慷慨”在文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?4.下列哪一項是正確的？

A.Macmillanpreferredtoselltraditionalbooksratherthane-books.A.麥克米倫更喜歡銷售傳統(tǒng)書籍而不是電子書。

B.ApplemademoreprofitthanAmazoninsellinge-books.B.蘋果在銷售電子書方面的利潤超過了亞馬遜。

C.Macmillanintendedtoincreaseitse-bookmarket.C.麥克米倫打算擴大電子書市場。

D.Amazonwasreadytoselle-booksatlowerprices.D.亞馬遜愿意以更低的價格出售電子書。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第五段最后一句“……即使我們認為電子書的價格高得沒有必要，我們也會提供給你們”，從中可推斷，亞馬遜愿意以低價出售電子書給顧客，所以D項“亞馬遜愿意以更低的價格出售電子書”是正確的。

【干擾項排除】

A項“麥克米倫更喜歡銷售傳統(tǒng)書籍而不是電子書”，從文章倒數(shù)第二段提到“麥克米倫最近同意在蘋果的iBookstore銷售圖書”可以看出，麥克米倫傾向于電子書銷售，該項反向干擾；

B項“蘋果在銷售電子書方面的利潤超過了亞馬遜”，文中沒有提到亞馬遜和蘋果銷售電子書方面的利潤的比較，該項屬于無中生有；

C項“麥克米倫打算擴大電子書市場”也沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

5.單選題

Theamountoftabloidinkspilledoverher24-yeardifferenceinagewithhernewboyfrienddoes（）her.

問題1選項

A.rankle

B.stirup

C.emaciate

D.whipup

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項rankle“使怨恨；使疼痛；使痛苦”；B選項stirup“激起；煽動；攪拌；喚起”；C選項emaciate“使消瘦；使衰弱；消瘦”；D選項whipup“激起；鞭打”。句意：小報上關于她和新男友之間24歲的年齡差距的報道讓她很惱火。本句表示“小道消息所報道的事情讓她惱火”，因此A選項正確。

6.單選題

"Toberootedisperhapsthemostimportantandleastrecognizedneedofthehumansoul."SimoneWeilarguedinthemid-twentiethcentury.Evenourvirtualplaygroundspayhomagetothedeeplyfeltneedforplace:MySpacewas,untilrecently,called“aplaceforfriends";SecondLifemimicsreal-lifeplaceswithitshomes,offices,andrestaurants.Whatisdifferentaboutmobileplaygroundsisthatmobiledevicesforcereallifeandvirtuallife(andrealplacesandvirtualplaces)totrytocoexistinawaytheyneverhavebefore.

Wewanttoseethisasagood,enablingthing—Icanfireoffthate-mailtotheofficeandthengetbacktorelaxingonmyvacation!—butitisinstructivetogotoaplaygroundtoday:evenonaweekend,youwillseeparentsengrossedintheiriPhonesandBlackBerryswhiletheirchildrenmakeincreasinglyloudbidsfortheirattention.TheNovember2,2009coverofTheNewYorkersadlyandbeautifullysatirizedthistrend:itshowsanillustrationofchildrenouttrick-or-treating,baskedintheglowofhouselights,whiletheirparentsbaskintheglowofthesmart-phoneinwhichtheyarerapt.Evenourleisuretime,itseems,hasbeencolonizedbyourneedtostayconnectedanditisaconstantstruggletosetlimitsonourengagementwiththevirtualworldsothatwecanattendtotherealoneinfrontofus.

Andwhenwedecidetoleavehomeentirely,wefinditdifficulttoleavethedemandsofworkbehind.Considerthecruiseshipindustry:everyyear,morethanthreemillionpeopleboardaCarnivalCruiseshiptotakeavacation.Theyspendagreatdealoftimeeatingandgambling,andtheneatingsomemore.Theperpetualbuffetsthathavelongbeenastapleofthecruiseshiplifestylecatertoonekindofhunger;Carnivalnowcaterstoanotheronethatseemscounterintuitiveinvacationerseagertogetawayfromitall:stayingconnected.Withtheirtwenty-four-hourInternetcafes,onboardWiFi,andanadvertisingcampaignthatfeaturesbikini-cladpatronsloungingondeckchairswithlaptopcomputers,CarnivalCruiseLineshasenthusiasticallyrespondedtothedemandsofpatronswhoseekanidealofmaritimeescapebutstillwanttochecktheire-mailseveraltimesaday.

This,too,isthestrangenewworldofleisure:neverdisconnected,andneverreallyfreefromthedemandsofdailylife.Notwithstandingallthetalkofmobility,wefindourselvestetheredinnovelways—nottoahometown,ortoaparticularsocialbackground,buttoourdevicesthemselvesandthefeelingofconnectiontheyprovide,whichweseeminglycannotsitstillwithout.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatcanwelearnaboutMySpaceandSecondLife?

2.Whensayingitisinstructivetogotoaplaygroundtoday,theauthormeansthat（

）.

3.ThefollowingstatementsareTRUEexcept

（

）.

4.Theword"tethered"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans

（

）.

5.Thispassageisintendedto（

）.

問題1選項

A.Theyfunctionasreallifevenuesforentertainment.

B.Theydeservecreditforreflectingthehumansoul.

C.Asvirtualplaygrounds,theyresemblerealityintermsofplace.

D.Throughmobiledevices,theyrepresentengagementwithsociety.

問題2選項

A.smartphonesaretheculpritforthepoorrelationsbetweenparentsandchildren

B.responsibleparentsaresupposedtoengagetheirchildrenwithoutdooractivities

C.playgroundsaretheplacesforparentsandchildrentospendtimetogether

D.people'sindulgenceinstayingconnectedcanbewitnessedthere

問題3選項

A.peoplevacationingonCarnivalCruiseshipshaveaccesstotheInternettoday

B.eatingandgamblingaretheexclusivethingspeoplecanenjoyoncruiseships

C.CarnivalCruiseLinescatertovacationers'demandstostayincontactwithothers

D.people'sdesiretoremainconnectedmakesitdifficultforthemtoescapefromwork

問題4選項

A.confined

B.disconnected

C.immune

D.indifferent

問題5選項

A.analyzethevariousreasonsforhumanstosettledown

B.advocatethenecessityofvirtualconnectioninleisuretime

C.enumeratetheenormousbenefitsofmobiledevicesforworkandlife

D.highlightthetransformationofmobilitythroughubiquitousconnection

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中Evenourvirtualplaygroundspayhomagetothedeeplyfeltneedforplace:MySpacewas,untilrecently,called“aplaceforfriends”;SecondLifemimicsreal-lifeplaceswithitshomes,offices,andrestaurants.（即使是我們的虛擬游戲場地，也會對對位置的深刻需求表示敬意：MySpace直到最近才被稱為“朋友的地方”；SecondLife模仿現(xiàn)實生活中的地方，有它自己的家、辦公室和餐館）可知選C。

第2題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段Evenourleisuretime,itseems,hasbeencolonizedbyourneedtostayconnectedanditisaconstantstruggletosetlimitsonourengagementwiththevirtualworldsothatwecanattendtotherealoneinfrontofus.（就連我們的閑暇時間，似乎也被我們保持聯(lián)系的需要所占據(jù)，這是一個不斷的斗爭，以限制我們與虛擬世界的接觸，以便我們能夠處理我們面前的真實世界）可推測作者認為人們太沉溺于虛擬世界，而忽略現(xiàn)實世界，因此提出如今去操場是很有教育意義的，故選D。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中Theyspendagreatdealoftimeeatingandgambling,andtheneatingsomemore.Theperpetualbuffetsthathavelongbeenastapleofthecruiseshiplifestylecatertoonekindofhunger;Carnivalnowcaterstoanotheronethatseemscounterintuitiveinvacationerseagertogetawayfromitall:stayingconnected.可知B選項是人們過去在游輪上的主要消遣方式，不再適合如今的需求。

第4題:詞義題。confine意為“限制”；disconnect意為“切斷”；immune意為“免疫的”；indifferent意為“漠不關心的”。由wefindourselvestetheredinnovelways（我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被新的方式束縛住了）可知選A。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章主要講述了移動設備讓人們時刻保持聯(lián)系以及對生活的影響，強調無處不在的聯(lián)系帶來的影響，因此選D。

7.單選題

InternationalVaccination:A.jabintimeSomeWesterncountrieshavelowervaccinationratesthanpoorpartsofAfrica.Anti-vaxxersarenotthemainculprits.

Eradicatingadiseaseisthesortofaimthatrichcountriescomeupwith,andpooronesstruggletoreach.Butforsomediseases,thepatternisreversed.Thesearetheailmentsforwhichvaccinationsexist.Manypoorcountriesrunhighlyeffectivevaccinationprogrammers.Butasmemoriesofthetollfrominfectiousdiseasesfadesacrosstherichworld,insomeplacestheyaremakingacomeback.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)reckonsthatvaccinessave2.5mlivesayear.Smallpoxwaseradicatedin1980withthehelpofavaccine;polioshouldsoonfollow.Inbothcases,richcountriesledtheway.Thenewpatternlooksverydifferent.

Thetrendismostevidentformeasles,whichishighlycontagious.Atleast95%ofpeoplemustvaccinatetostopitsspread(athresholdknownas"herdimmunity").Althoughusuallymild,itcanleadtopneumoniaandcausebraindamageorblindnessthecountrieswiththelowestvaccinationratesareallverypoor,butmanydevelopingcountriesrunexcellentprogrammes(seechart).Eritrea.RwandaandSriLankamanagetovaccinatenearlyeveryone.Bycontrast,severalrichcountries,includingAmerica,Britain.FranceandItaly,arebelowherdimmunity.LastyearEuropemissedthedeadlineithadsetitselfin2010toeradicatemeasles-andhadalmost4,000Cases.Americawasdeclaredmeasles-freein2000;in2014ithadhundredsofcasesacross27statesandlastyearsawitsfirstdeathfromthediseaseinmorethanadecade.Thetrendsforothervaccine-preventablediseases,suchasrubella,whichcancausecongenitaldisabilitiesifapregnantwomancatchesit,arealarming,too.

ThissorrystateofaffairsJsoftenblamedonhardline"anti-vaxxers:parent’suhorefusesallvaccinesfortheirchildren.Theyarcamotleylot.TheAmishinAmericaspurnmodernmedicine,alongwithalmosteverythingelseinventedsincethe17thcentury.Somevegansobjecttotheuseofanimal-derivedproductsinvaccines'manufacture.TheProtestantDutchReformedChurchthinksvaccinesthwartdivinewill.Anthroposophy,foundedinthe19thcenturybyRudolfSteiner,anAustrianmystic-cum-philosopher,preachesthatdiseasesstrengthenchildren'sphysicalandmentaldevelopment.

Inmostcountriessuchrefuseniksareonly2-3%ofparents.Butbecausetheytendtoliveinclusters,theycanbethesourceofoutbreaks.Abiggerproblem,though,isthegrowingnumberofparentswhodelayvaccination,orpickandchoosejabs.StudiesfromAmerica,AustraliaandEuropesuggestthataboutaquarterofparentsfallintothisgroup,generallybecausetheythinkthatthestandardvaccinationschedule,whichprotectsagainstaroundadozendiseases,"overloads-children’simmunesystems,orthatparticularvaccinesareunsafe.Somebelievevaccinesinterferewith“naturalimmunity".Manywereshakenbyaclaim,laterdebunked,thattherewasalinkbetweenautismandtheMMRvaccine,whichprotectsagainstmeasles,mumpsandrubella.

InAmerica,somepourchildrenmissoutonvaccinesdespiteafederalprogrammetoprovidethejabsfree,sincetheyhavenoregularrelationshipwithafamilydoctor.SomeoutbreaksinEasternEuropehavestartedincommunitiesorRoma(gypsies).Membersofthispoorandostracizedminorityareshunnedbyhealthworkersandoftengounvaccinated.

1.Theword"culprits"(Line2.Paragraph1)probablyrefersto（）.

2.Theword"Anti-vaxxers"(Line1,Paragraph1)probablyrefersto（）.

3.Forsomediseases（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

5.Whichofthefollowingaccordswiththeauthor'sview?

問題1選項

A.someonewhotriestomakedrug.

B.someonewhosupportsvaccination

C.someonewhoobjectsanti-vaxxers

D.someonewhoperpetrateswrongdoing

問題2選項

A.thosewhorefuseallvaccinesfortheirchildren.

B.thosewhoagreemtakevaccinesfortheirchildren

C.thosewhobelieveinvaccines.

D.thosewhodelayvaccines.

問題3選項

A.richcountriesarelesseffectiveindiseasepreventionthanpoorcountries.

B.richcountriesaretryingtoeradicatewhilepoorcountriescan't.

C.theyfindnowayintherichcountriesbutthepoorcountries.

D.theycomebackinthepoorcountriesonly

問題4選項

A.1980witnessedtheeradicationofsmallpox.

B.isthehelpofvaccine

C.countriessave2.5mlivesayear

D.Vaccinesareusuallymildwithoutharm.

問題5選項

A.Alldiseasewillbeeradicatedifpeopleacceptvaccines.

B.Anti-vaxxerscanbethesourceofoutbreaksbecausetheylendtoliveinclusters.

C.TherewasalinkbetweenautismandtheMMRVaccine-

D.Toomanyvaccineswouldoverloadchildren'simmunesystems

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:SomeWesterncountrieshavelowervaccinationratesthanpoorpartsofAfrica(與非洲貧困地區(qū)相比，部分西方國家的疫苗接種率更低),以及:Anti-vaxxersarenotthemainculprits(反疫苗者并非主要的…)。由此推斷“culprits”是對“反疫苗者”的介紹。因此D項“做壞事（不道德行為）的某人”正確。

2.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:SomeWesterncountrieshavelowervaccinationratesthanpoorpartsofAfrica(與非洲貧困地區(qū)相比，部分西方國家的疫苗接種率更低),以及:Anti-vaxxersarenotthemainculprits，可知，“Anti-vaxxers”是指A項“那些拒絕為孩子接種所有疫苗的人”。

3.判斷推理題。A:在疾病預防上，富裕國家沒有貧窮國家更有效，第二段指出:Butforsomediseases,thepatternisreversed.Thesearetheailmentsforwhichvaccinationsexist.Manypoorcountriesrunhighlyeffectivevaccinationprogrammes(但對于一些需要接種疫苗而疫苗存在安全隱患的疾病來說，上述模式正好相反。許多落后國家實施高效疫苗接種方案)。因此A正確。B:富國正在努力根除，而貧窮國家卻不能。第二段指出:Eradicatingadiseaseisthesortofaimthatrichcountriescomeupwith,andpooronesstruggletoreach(消滅疾病是發(fā)達國家提出的目標，落后的國家則要很努力才能實現(xiàn)這一目標)。C:他們在富國找不到出路，只有在窮國。文章并未體現(xiàn)此項。D:僅僅在貧窮國家卷土重來。根據(jù)第二段中“insomeplacestheyaremakingacomeback”可知D項錯誤。因此，本題選A。

4.事實細節(jié)題。第三段指出:Smallpoxwaseradicatedin1980withthehelpofavaccine(在疫苗的作用下，1980年，天花得以消滅)，因此A項正確。

5.判斷推理題。A:如果人們接種疫苗，那么所有疾病將根除。此選項在文中找不到依據(jù)。B：反疫苗者可能成為爆發(fā)的源頭，因為他們?yōu)槿壕?。倒?shù)第二段指出:Butbecausetheytendtoliveinclusters,theycanbethesourceofoutbreaks(然而，因為他們大多為群居生活，這可能使得他們成為疾病爆發(fā)的源頭)，因此B項符合作者的觀點。C:自閉癥和MMR疫苗之間有聯(lián)系。倒數(shù)第二段指出:Manywereshakenbyaclaim,laterdebunked,thattherewasalinkbetweenautismandtheMMRvaccine,whichprotectsagains