人教版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)Unit3-4單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

Unit3-4知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及檢測(cè)【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】1?熟練單詞和短語(yǔ)用法掌握形容詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)用法掌握相關(guān)重點(diǎn)詞匯【知識(shí)梳理】一■知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解與練習(xí)形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)意義英語(yǔ)中大多數(shù)形容詞（性質(zhì)形容詞）、副詞是可以分等級(jí)的，一般有三個(gè)等級(jí)：原級(jí)，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。形容詞、副詞的本來(lái)形式就是形容詞的原級(jí)。如：Johnisatallboy.兩者間進(jìn)行比較用到形容詞比較級(jí)。如：JimistallerthanJohn.三者或者三者以上進(jìn)行比較用形容詞的最高級(jí)。如：Mikeisthetallestofthethreeboys.注：（形容詞最高級(jí)前面要加定冠詞the）女口：longlongerlongest原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)Theblackpenisverylong.黑色的鋼筆很長(zhǎng)。Thebluepenislongerthantheblackone.藍(lán)色的鋼筆比黑色的長(zhǎng)。Theredpenisthelongestofthethree.紅色的鋼筆是三支中最長(zhǎng)的。列表如下：構(gòu)成法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)—般單曰節(jié)詞末尾加-er,-esttall（咼的）great（巨大的）tallergreatertallestgreatest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-le結(jié)尾nice（好的）nicernicest

的雙曰節(jié)詞只加-r,-stlarge（大的）largerlargest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞，雙與結(jié)尾的輔音字母，再加-er,-estbig（大的）hot（熱的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest“以輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，改y為i,再加-er,-esteasy（容易的）busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiestbusiest少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞末尾加-er,-estclever（聰明的）narrow（窄的）cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在刖面加more,most來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)important（重要的）easily（容易地）moreimportantmoreeasilymostimportantmosteasily不規(guī)則變化：6）有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是不規(guī)則的，必須熟記。列表如下:原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good好的better更好的best最好的well好；（身體）好的，bad,badly糟糕的，糟糕地worse更糟糕的，更糟糕地；worst最糟糕的，最糟糕地；ill（身體）不舒服的（身體）更不舒服的（身體）最不舒服的many許多的（可數(shù)）more更多的；更most最多的；最much許多的（不可數(shù)）；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)地farther更遠(yuǎn)的；更遠(yuǎn)地farthest最遠(yuǎn)的；最遠(yuǎn)地further進(jìn)步的（地）furthest最深刻的（地）old老的older年齡較大的；較舊的oldest年齡最大的；最舊的elder僅表兄弟姊妹之間的長(zhǎng)幼eldest僅表兄弟姊妹之間的長(zhǎng)幼形容詞最高級(jí)的用法形容詞的最高級(jí)用于三者或三者以上的人或事物的比較，其中有一個(gè)在某一方面超過(guò)其他幾個(gè)。如：Mondayisthebusiestdayforus.對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，星期一是最忙碌的日子。Judyrunsmostquicklyofthefourgirls.在四個(gè)女孩中，朱迪跑得最快。使用形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，句中往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)由in或of構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)，用以說(shuō)明范圍。in表示在某一范圍內(nèi)，of表示屬性，意為“某一類中的”。of表示比較的對(duì)象屬于同一范疇;in則表示不屬于同一范疇。如：Johnistheheaviestofall.約翰是所有人中最重的。Maryisthemostbeautifulgirlinherclass.瑪麗是她班上最漂亮的女孩。形容詞最高級(jí)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)形容詞最高級(jí)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+形容詞最高級(jí)+of（in）+其他”。如：ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.上海是中國(guó)最大的城市。形容詞最高級(jí)的常見考點(diǎn)形容詞的最高級(jí)前面一般要加定冠詞the,而副詞的最高級(jí)前面定冠詞the可以省略。但若形容詞最高級(jí)前有形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格限制時(shí)，則不能再加定冠詞the。如：Thetallestboyjumps（the）highestinhisclass.最高的那個(gè)男孩在他班上跳得最高。（tall為形容詞，最高級(jí)前要加the；high在此為副詞，最高級(jí)前可不加the）Ericishisoldestson.艾瑞克是他最大的兒子。（句中的oldest前有形容詞性物主代詞限制，不能再加the）常見的用來(lái)表示范圍的介詞有in,of,among。（1）in表示環(huán)境范圍，通常用于在一定范圍內(nèi)的比較，后面常常接表示區(qū)域、時(shí)間、單位、團(tuán)體等的名詞或代詞，并且后面的名詞和主語(yǔ)不是同一概念的范疇。如：LondonisthebiggestcityinBritain.倫敦是英國(guó)最大的城市。HisEnglishisnotasgoodashers.HisEnglishisnotasgoodashers.他英語(yǔ)不如她的好。。f用來(lái)表示對(duì)象范圍，一般用于同類事物之間的比較，且of后面的名詞與主語(yǔ)是同一概念的范疇。如：He'sthemostintelligentofallthestudents.在所有學(xué)生中，他是最聰明的。among用于在多數(shù)同類事物中(通常為三者以上)進(jìn)行比較，表示其中之最，后面一般接名詞或代詞。同of—樣，也表示對(duì)象范圍，因此among與of有時(shí)可互換使用?！皁neof+the+最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“在……中最……之一”，是中考常見考點(diǎn)。如：Thisisoneofthemostbeautifulflowersinthegarden.這是花園里最漂亮的花之。比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：改寫為：比較級(jí)+thananyother+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。如：WeiHuaisthemostathleticboyinhisclasTWeiHuaismoreathleticthananyotherboyinhisclass.魏華是他班上最健美的男孩。改寫為：比較級(jí)+than+theother+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或比較級(jí)+thantheothertwo。如：Robertisthebeststudentintheschool.TRobertisbetterthan(anyof)theotherstudentsintheschool.羅伯特在學(xué)校是最好的學(xué)生。Thiscomputeristhemostexpensiveofthethree.TThiscomputerismoreexpensivethantheothertwo.這臺(tái)電腦是三臺(tái)中最貴的。最高級(jí)前有時(shí)可以加序數(shù)詞，表示“第……個(gè)最……的”。如：TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黃河是中國(guó)第二長(zhǎng)河。二、重要詞匯No,Iamalittletallerthanher.alittle,muchalotabit,far,anv,no等可以+比較級(jí)worksashardasTina.塔拉學(xué)習(xí)跟蒂娜一樣努力。"...(not)as+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as...”是一種原級(jí)比較，意思為“和(不)一樣”。...notas+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as...表示雙方在某個(gè)方面不同。如：他沒有他哥哥工作努力。Hedoesn'tworkashardashisbrother.他沒有他哥哥工作努力。as+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as表示雙方在某個(gè)方面一樣。如：Sheisastallasme.她跟我一樣高。Irunasfastashedoes.我跑得跟他一樣快。辨析beat/win相同點(diǎn)：都是動(dòng)詞，表示“贏”不同：beat+人/win+比賽，競(jìng)賽，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等名詞。女口：Weplayedverywell,andbeatthem.我們發(fā)揮得很好，擊敗了他們。Theywonthematchthistime.這次他們贏了這場(chǎng)比賽。about意為“關(guān)心；在意”，期中care是動(dòng)詞如：Weshouldcareabouttheoldpeople.我們應(yīng)該關(guān)心老年人。carefor表示“喜歡”，“關(guān)心”之意，后接名詞或v-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，takecareof也有這個(gè)意思。Hecarednothingforskating.他對(duì)滑冰沒有興趣。Inourclass,wecareforeachother.在我們班上，我們相互關(guān)心。Mariatakesgoodcareofeverybody.瑪麗亞很關(guān)心大家。【友情鏈接】carefor還可以表示"照顧”，"照料"，相當(dāng)于takecareof或Iookafter。Atnighthefedandcaredforthecattle.夜里他照料牲口，給牲口喂食。Youmustcareforyourselves.=Youmustlookafteryourselves.你們要照顧好自己。Thechildrenarewellcaredforinthenurseries.=Thechildrenaretakengoodcareofinthenurseries.孩子們?cè)谕袃核艿胶芎玫恼疹?。thinkagoodfriendmakesmelaugh.我認(rèn)為好朋友能使我開心?！狶牢記：makesb.dosth.使某人做某事make+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞使某人/某事怎樣如：Ourteachermakesusworktenhoursaday我們老師讓我們一天學(xué)習(xí)10個(gè)小時(shí)。Hiswordsmakeushappy.他的話使我們感到很高興。atsb.笑話；取笑（某人）女如:Don'tlaughatme!不要取笑我！They'rebothtall.他們兩個(gè)都是高個(gè)子。bothadj./pron./adv.兩個(gè)都用在be動(dòng)詞后，行為動(dòng)詞前。Youarebothtooyoung./TheybothspeakEnglish.Bothof■■■..+名詞復(fù)數(shù)（復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)）Bothoftheflowersarebeautiful.兩朵花都很漂亮。both???and…兩者都（復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)）反義詞組：neither…nor…兩者都不（謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)按照就近原則）【友情鏈接】both與allboth指代兩者；all指代三者或三者以上如：Myparentsarebothfine。我父母都好。Weareallhere。我們都在這兒。common的用法【教材例句】Alltheseshowshaveonethingincommon...（P29）所有的這些節(jié)目都有一個(gè)共同特征這對(duì)夫婦好像沒有什么共同點(diǎn)。allkindsof的用法【教材例句】Allkindsofpeoplejointheseshows.（P29）各種各樣的人都參加這些節(jié)目?！居梅ā縜llkindsof意為“各種各樣的；各種類型的”，kind在此用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“類別；種類”。常用短語(yǔ)有：akindof—種；differentkindsof不同種類的。Eg.ThereareallkindsofbooksinShenzhenLibrary.深圳圖書館里有各種各樣的書?！就卣埂?1)kind還可用作形容詞，意為“和藹的；親切的；善良的”。如：It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.你能幫我真是太好了。⑵kindof意為“有幾分；有點(diǎn)兒”，常修飾形容詞。如：Wefeelkindofcoldhereintheroom.在這個(gè)房間里我們感覺有點(diǎn)冷。upto的用法【教材例句】That'suptoyoutodecide.(P29)那由你自己來(lái)決定?！居梅ā縝eupto意為“是的職責(zé)；由決定”，是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)obeuptosb.todosth.意為“應(yīng)由某人做某事”，常用于it作形式主語(yǔ)的句子中，有時(shí)也用this或that作主語(yǔ)。Eg.Lifeprovidesyouwithtimeandspace.It'suptoyoutofillit.生命只給你時(shí)間與空間。如何填滿它是你自己的事情。arole的用法【教材例句】Whenpeoplewatchtheshowtheyusuallyplayaroleindecidingthewinner.人們看這樣的節(jié)目時(shí)，通常承擔(dān)著評(píng)判優(yōu)勝者的角色。【用法】playarole是一種固定表達(dá)，意為“發(fā)揮作用；有影響”。若要進(jìn)一步引出具體的內(nèi)容，后面應(yīng)用介詞in表示，意為“在某事或某個(gè)方面起到作用或承擔(dān)某種角色”，同義短語(yǔ)為playapartin。Eg.Ifyougothere,youwillplayarole.如果你去了那兒，你會(huì)發(fā)揮作用的。up的用法【教材例句】Somethinkthatthelivesoftheperformersaremadeup.(P29)有些人認(rèn)為表演者的身世是編造出來(lái)的。i彌補(bǔ)；補(bǔ)充；補(bǔ)足n/makeup\\的含文/3編造(披ILUlh)［化妝？打扮卩:組成；形成；構(gòu)成］Eg.1)It'snottrue.Shemadeitup.

這不是真的。是她編造出來(lái)的。2）Thecommitteeismadeupofsixwomen.委員會(huì)由六位婦女組成。3）Hisintelligencemadeupforhislackofpersonalcharm.他的智慧彌補(bǔ)了他的容貌缺陷。ofanoldwoman.Shemadeupforthepartofanoldwoman.她化妝扮演成一個(gè)老婦人。【拓展】與up相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)rdressup弄裝打扮'wakeup冠來(lái)'宀get叩起床卡站起來(lái)]giveup放棄r『tidyup收措；整理(setup建立stayup熬夜；不陲覺up相的短語(yǔ)hurryup怏點(diǎn)-匚beupto是……的職責(zé)[pulup搭建；舉起-彳turnup調(diào)裔；出現(xiàn)[pkkup撿起：接卩jgro理up長(zhǎng)大：成熟；成誼]seriously的用法【教材例句】However,ifyoudon'ttakethesebowstooseriously,theyarefuntowatch.【教材例句】However,【用法】take...seriously意為“認(rèn)真對(duì)待”。Eg.Weshouldn'ttakemoneytooseriously.我們不應(yīng)該把金錢看得太重。【拓展】與take相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)[takecarecif照顧；歐料qtakesth.away=takcaway『wth琨h.減去：[tak[jdown耳卜一；直卜1/^take\lakeout取出；帶出去卜彳相關(guān)的卜\短語(yǔ)丿takeafterfib.（外貌或行為）相像（址Wcileasy比緊弛]丿takeoff起E；匆匆takepictures/photos丿瑕科離缶;急忙離開【特色講解】一、單項(xiàng)選擇()istalentedmusicbutIamgoodsports.,at,in,at,in()2.LiHua'sshoesareasasZhangHui's.A.cheapB.cheaperC.thecheaper()3..一Areyourelaxingyourselfhere一Yes.Itistowalkslowlyalongtheriver.A.fantasticB.boringC.BadD.terrible()'sveryimportantforhimmelaugh.make()5.youdon'tgiveup(放棄)，yourdreamswillcometrue.A.AslongasB.AssoonasC.Aswellasoftenas()issimilarhermother.()don'treallycareifmyfriendsarethesamemeordifferentme.,as,from,from,as()youwanttobeastudenthelper,pleasecallhim44—5667.()ismyfriend.HeislessoutgoingthanIam.more()Beanenjoysjokesandoftenmakesus.tell,tolaugh,laugh,laugh,laughing()andhersisterquietandtheysports.both,bothlikeboth,likebothare,bothlikeare,likeboth()youwanttobeastudenthelper,youmustbegoodchildren.()13.heisveryyoung,hecandomanythings.

,but,,but,/C./,though,though()canplaydrums,butSamcanplaytennis.,the,/C./,theD./,/()'sbooksarenewthan.【當(dāng)堂練習(xí)】基礎(chǔ)演練一、根據(jù)句意及首字母或中文提示完成單詞Mydaughtershowsa(天賦)inmusic.Thisquestionseemseasy，butnot(每個(gè)人)cananswerit.Ourteacheralwaysencouragesustobe(創(chuàng)造性的).LiTaowonthefirstpinthehandwritingcompetition.Youshouldtaketheexamss.Don'tbecareless.—Whatdoyouthinkofourcity到目前為止)？一Verygood.Icanseealmost(各種各樣的)thingshere.二、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空These(magician)areallfromChina.IthinkYangXiaodansingsless(beautiful)thanLiXin.Whowasthelast(win),Jimmy,JackorLindaTomenjoys(listen)totheradioeverymorning.Mr.Suisthe(poor)ofalltheteachers,butheisthe(hard-working).一Whoisthe(win)ofIamasingerin2013一Sorry,Idon'tknow.Mymothertoldmethething(serious),soIdidn'tknowwhattodo.一Didyoutellhimaboutthatcase一Heworkedso(care)thathedidn'thearwhatIsaid.Thenext(perform)isBen,andhewillplayapianopiece.Somestudentsinourschoolaretruly(talent).

鞏固提高鞏固提高三、完形填空AnEnglishtravellerfoundthathehadonly1tobuythetiekettogobackhomeAsheknewthatitwould2_himonlytwodaysto_3toEngland,hedecidedthathecouldeasilydo4.Soheboughtatieketand_5theship.Itwastime6lunch.Hedidn'tgotohaveit.Intheevening,hesaidthathedidn'tfeel7andwenttobedearly,thenextdayhewas8hungrythathecouldn'tstand(忍受)it9“I'mgoingtoeat,”hesaid.“Eveniftheythrowme10thesea.”Afterheateeverythingthewaiter侍者)putinfrontofhimandhewasreadyforthecomingtrouble.“Bringmethebill(賬單，”hesaid.“Thebill,sir”saidthewaiter.“Thereisn'tanybill.”Wastheanswer.“Ontheshipmealsareincluded（包括）inthemoneyfortheticket.”(（包括）inthemoneyfortheticket.”()1.enoughB.ailotofmoney()2.A.spendB.carry()3.A.gettoB.arrive()4.A.withfood1B.without()5.A.gotinB.goton()6.A.toB.have()7.A.troubleB.well()8.A.tooB.so()9.anylongerB.nolonger()10.A.intoB.onC.bringD.takeC.reachD.getfoodC.withfoodsD.withoutfoodsC.gotoffD.gotatC.forD.foraC.goodD.betterC.suchD./C.anylongerD.nolongC.inD.ontomoneyD.enoughmoneys【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】一、單項(xiàng)選擇。()1.—Excuseme.WhereisthepostofficeSorry,Idon'tknow.I'mnewSorry,Idon'tknow.I'mnewtown.A.inB.onC.atD.from()2.It'sfuntalentshows.A.watchB.towatchC.watchedD.watches()3.CouldIaskyouquestionsyourserviceA.some;withB.any;aboutC.any;onD.some;about()4.Ourcitvisbecoming.A.moreandmostbeautifulB.morebeautifulandmorebeautifulC.moreandmorebeautifulD.beautifulandbeautiful()5.一thewoodenchair?It'stoohard.A.WhatdoyoulikeB.HowdoyoulikeC.WhataboutD.Howabout()6.Wateristhecheapestdrink.Anditisalso.A.healthierB.healthiestC.thehealthierD.thehealthiest()7.ComehereatChristmas!Youcanbuyclothesinayear.A.thecheapestB.cheaperC.theworstD.worse()8.Davidisstudentinourclass.Nobodyisthanhim.A.taller;tallestB.taller;tallC.tallest;tallerD.thetallest;taller()9.Peopleinthistownareall,butlittleAlice'sfamilyisofall.A.busy;busyB.thebusiest;busyC.thebusiest;thebusiestD.busy;thebusiest()10.TheChangjiangRiveristhethirdintheworld.A.longriverA.longriverB.longriversfriendsabouttheholidaysfriendsabouttheholidaysteacherabouttheholidaysC.longestriversD.longestriver二、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思補(bǔ)全下列句子，每空一詞這家電影院有最好的音響。Thismovietheaterhas.影視城等待的時(shí)間最短。ScreenCityhasthe.那是離你家最近的郵局嗎Isthatpostofficeyourhome你可以在鑫鑫服裝店買到最便宜的衣服。YoucanbuyclothesinXinxinClothesStore.5?哪家電臺(tái)播放最無(wú)聊的歌曲Whichradiostationsongs三、閱讀理解AOursummerholidayslasttwomonths.Inthelastweekoftheholidayswegetreadyforschool.Webuypencils,pens,paper,newbooksandcopybooks.Onthefirstdayofschoolweseeallouroldfriendsagainandwetelloneanotherabouttheholidays.Afterthatwegointoclass.Itishardtokeepquiet(安靜的)andpayattention(注意)totheteacher.Healwayssayswithalaugh,“Youforget(忘記)moreintwomonthsthanyoulearninayear.”()haveofsummerholidays.sevenweeksmonthsweekweeks()takesusaweekto.bookspensandpencilstoschoolreadyforschool()tell.indoingthingsindoingthingsfoolishastheluggagefriendsabouttheteacherteacheraboutourfriends'holidaysfriendsabouttheteacher()can'tlistentotheteacher.hard()teachersaysthat.forgettoomuchlearnmuchinayearlearnverymuchintwomonthswilllearnmoreinayearBMrWhitewasatthewindowofatraininastation.HewasgoingtoNewYork,andhewasveryangry.Thetrainbeganmovingandanoldportercametothewindow.MrWhiteshoutedangrilyattheporter,“Igaveyoumyluggage(彳亍李anhourago,butyouhaven'tputitinthetrain.Whyisn'tithere,andwhehaveyouputitTheporterlookedatMrWhiteandsaid,“Ilookedforyoueverywhere,butIdidn'tfindyou.Yourluggageisn'tasfoolishasyouare.You'reinthewrongtrain.ThisoneisgoingtoWashington.”)Whitewasangrybecausehehisluggagestolen'tfindhisluggage'tliketheporterthetrainbeganmovingWhitedidn'tknowhisluggagestolen'tfindhisluggage'tliketheporterthetrainbeganmovingWhitedidn'tknowtogoluggagewaslosttogoluggagewaslostwasinthewrongtrainthetrainbeganmovi