考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海杉達(dá)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海杉達(dá)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Navigationcomputers,nowsoldbymostcar-makers,cost$2,000andup.Nosurprise,then,thattheyaremostoftenfoundinluxurycarslikeLexus,BMWandAudi.Butitisadevelopingtechnology—meaningpricesshouldeventuallydrop—andthemarketdoesseemtobegrowing.

Evenatcurrentprices,anavigationcomputerisimpressive.Itcanguideyoufrompointtopointinmostmajorcitieswithpreciseturn-by-turndirections—spokenbyaclearhumansoundingvoice,andwrittenonascreeninfrontofthedriver.

Thecomputerworkswithanantennathattakessignalsfromnofewerthanthreeofthe24globalpositioningsystem(GPS)satellites.Bymeasuringthetimerequiredforasignaltotravelbetweenthesatellitesandtheantenna,thecarslocationcanbepinneddownwithin100meters.

Thesatellitesignals,alongwithinputsonspeedfromawheel-speedsensoranddirectionfromameter,determinethecarspositionevenasitmoves.Thisinformationiscombinedwithamapdatabase.Streets,landmarksandpointsofinterestareincluded.

Mostsystemsarebasicallyidentical.Thedifferencescomeinhardware—thewaythecomputeracceptsthedriver’srequestfordirectionsandthewayitpresentsthedrivinginstructions.Onmostsystems,adriverentersadesiredaddress,motorwayjunctionorpointofinterestviaatouchscreenordisc.ButtheLexusscreengoesastepfurther:youcanpointtoanyspotonthemapscreenandgetdirectionstoit.BMWSsystemoffersasetofcrosshairsthatcanbemovedacrossthemap(youhaveseveralchoicesofmapscale)topickapointyou’dliketogetto.Audi’sscreencanbeswitchedtoTVreception.

Eventhevoicesthatrecitethedirectionscandiffer,withbettersystemslikeBMWSandLexus’shavingawidervocabulary.TheinstructionsareavailableinFrench,German,Spanish,DutchandItalianaswellasEnglish.Thedrivercanalsochooseparametersfordeterminingtheroute:fastest,shortestornofreeways,forexample.

21.Welearnfromthepassagethatnavigationcomputers______.

22.Withanavigationcomputer,adriverwilleasilyfindthebestroutetohisdestination______.

23.Despitetheirvarieddesigns,navigationcomputersusedincars______.

24.Thenavigationcomputerfunctions______.

25.ThenavigationsystemsinLexus,BMWandAudiarementionedtoshow______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willgreatlypromotesalesofautomobiles

B.mayhelpsolvepotentialtrafficproblems

C.arelikelytobeacceptedbymoredrivers

D.willsoonbeviewedasasymbolofluxury

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.byinputtingtheexactaddress

B.byindicatingthelocationofhiscar

C.bycheckinghiscomputerdatabase

D.bygivingvocalorderstothecomputer

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.aremoreorlessthesameprice

B.providedirectionsinmuchthesameway

C.workonmoreorlessthesameprinciples

D.receiveinstructionsfromthesamesatellites

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.bymeansofadirectionfinderandaspeeddetector

B.basicallyonsatellitesignalsandamapdatabase

C.mainlythroughthereceptionofturn-by-turndirections

D.byusingascreentodisplaysatellitesignals

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theimmaturityofthenewtechnology

B.thesuperiorityoftheglobalpositioningsystem

C.thecauseofpricefluctuationsincarequipment

D.thedifferentwaysofprovidingguidancetothedriver

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】21.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章開頭說(shuō)到Navigationcomputers,nowsoldbymostcar-makers,cost$2,000andup…Butitisadevelopingtechnology—meaningpricesshouldeventuallydrop—andthemarketdoesseemtobegrowing.（目前大多數(shù)汽車制造商都在銷售的導(dǎo)航電腦，售價(jià)在2000美元以上……但這是一項(xiàng)發(fā)展中的技術(shù)——這意味著價(jià)格最終應(yīng)該會(huì)下降——而且市場(chǎng)似乎確實(shí)在增長(zhǎng)。），接下來(lái)介紹了導(dǎo)航電腦的各種功能和優(yōu)勢(shì)，說(shuō)明導(dǎo)航電腦可能會(huì)被越來(lái)越多的司機(jī)使用。因此C選項(xiàng)“有可能被更多的司機(jī)接受”正確。A選項(xiàng)“將極大地促進(jìn)汽車的銷售”，B選項(xiàng)“可能有助于解決潛在的交通問題”，D選項(xiàng)“很快就會(huì)被視為奢侈品的象征”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

22.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第三句Onmostsystems,adriverentersadesiredaddress,motorwayjunctionorpointofinterestviaatouchscreenordisc.（在大多數(shù)系統(tǒng)中，駕駛員通過觸摸屏或磁盤輸入一個(gè)想要的地址、高速公路交叉點(diǎn)或興趣點(diǎn)。），說(shuō)明有了導(dǎo)航電腦，司機(jī)可以通過輸入準(zhǔn)確的地址從而很容易地找到通往目的地的最佳路線。因此A選項(xiàng)“通過輸入準(zhǔn)確的地址”正確。B選項(xiàng)“通過表明自己的車的位置”，C選項(xiàng)“通過檢查他的電腦數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)”，D選項(xiàng)“通過向電腦發(fā)出聲音指令”均不符合題意，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

23【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第一句Mostsystemsarebasicallyidentical.Thedifferencescomeinhardware—thewaythecomputeracceptsthedriver’srequestfordirectionsandthewayitpresentsthedrivinginstructions.（大多數(shù)系統(tǒng)基本上是相同的。不同之處在于硬件——電腦接受司機(jī)的方向請(qǐng)求的方式，以及顯示駕駛指令的方式。），說(shuō)明盡管汽車上使用的導(dǎo)航電腦設(shè)計(jì)各異，但它們的工作系統(tǒng)基本相同。因此C選項(xiàng)“工作原理大致相同”正確。A選項(xiàng)“價(jià)格大同小異”，原文沒有介紹它們價(jià)格上的異同，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“以同樣的方式提供導(dǎo)航”，由原文可知，不同品牌的汽車提供導(dǎo)航的方式不同，所以B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“接收來(lái)自同一衛(wèi)星的指令”，由原文可知，汽車導(dǎo)航接收的信號(hào)來(lái)自很多顆衛(wèi)星，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

24.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段Thesatellitesignals,alongwithinputsonspeedfromawheel-speedsensoranddirectionfromameter,determinethecarspositionevenasitmoves.Thisinformationiscombinedwithamapdatabase.Streets,landmarksandpointsofinterestareincluded.（衛(wèi)星信號(hào)，連同來(lái)自輪速傳感器的速度輸入和來(lái)自儀表的方向輸入，可以在汽車移動(dòng)時(shí)確定汽車的位置。這一信息與地圖數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)相結(jié)合，包括街道、地標(biāo)和景點(diǎn)。），說(shuō)明汽車導(dǎo)航電腦的功能依靠衛(wèi)星信號(hào)和地圖數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。因此B選項(xiàng)“基本上依靠衛(wèi)星信號(hào)和地圖數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“通過方向探測(cè)儀和速度探測(cè)儀來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)”，C選項(xiàng)“主要是通過接收轉(zhuǎn)彎方向的指示”，D選項(xiàng)“通過使用屏幕顯示衛(wèi)星信號(hào)”均不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

25.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段ButtheLexusscreengoesastepfurther:youcanpointtoanyspotonthemapscreenandgetdirectionstoit.BMWSsystemoffersasetofcrosshairsthatcanbemovedacrossthemap(youhaveseveralchoicesofmapscale)topickapointyou’dliketogetto.Audi’sscreencanbeswitchedtoTVreception.（但雷克薩斯的屏幕更進(jìn)了一步：你可以指向地圖屏幕上的任何一個(gè)點(diǎn)，并獲得去那里的方向。寶馬系統(tǒng)提供了一組十字準(zhǔn)線，可以在地圖上移動(dòng)，你有幾個(gè)地圖比例的選擇，以選擇一個(gè)你想去的點(diǎn)。奧迪的屏幕可以切換到電視接收。），舉雷克薩斯、寶馬、奧迪導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的例子是為了說(shuō)明前文提到的Thedifferencescomeinhardware—thewaythecomputeracceptsthedriver’srequestfordirectionsandthewayitpresentsthedrivinginstructions.（不同之處在于硬件——電腦接受司機(jī)的方向請(qǐng)求的方式，以及顯示駕駛指令的方式。），說(shuō)明不同品牌的汽車提供導(dǎo)航的方式不同。因此D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)駕駛員進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)的不同方式”正確。A選項(xiàng)“新技術(shù)的不成熟性”，B選項(xiàng)“全球定位系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)越性”，C選項(xiàng)“汽車設(shè)備價(jià)格波動(dòng)的原因”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

2.單選題

Astatementandalist（）tothedocumentwereissuedinyesterday’snewspaper.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.labeled

B.attached

C.clung

D.stuck

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。attachto表示“（使）貼在……上；（使）依附”。句意：昨天的報(bào)紙上發(fā)表了一份聲明以及一份附加在文件上的清單。結(jié)合句意，故B為正確答案。

3.單選題

Ifwe______ourdifferencefactions,thentogetherwecangainthemajorityinthelegislature.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.amalgamate

B.manifest

C.alienate

D.deviate

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.amalgamate（使）合并；聯(lián)合B.manifest清楚顯示（尤指情感、態(tài)度或品質(zhì)），表明

C.alienate使疏遠(yuǎn)；使不友好D.deviate背離；偏離

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞together（一起）可推知，______ourdifferencefactions表示的是“把不同的派別合并起來(lái)”，因此該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】如果我們把不同的派別合并起來(lái)，那么我們就能在立法機(jī)構(gòu)中獲得多數(shù)席位。

4.單選題

The______ofConfuciusbuiltthetempleinmemoryoftheirancestor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.descendants

B.predecessors

C.correspondents

D.opponents

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)descendants“后代，晚輩”；B選項(xiàng)predecessors“前任；前一代”；C選項(xiàng)correspondents“通訊員”；D選項(xiàng)opponents“對(duì)手”。句意：孔子的______建造這座廟來(lái)紀(jì)念他們的祖先。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，在這里孔子的后代紀(jì)念孔子比較合理，A選項(xiàng)descendants“后代，晚輩”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

MartinLutherKing（）himselfasanonviolentcivilrightsleaderwhowasrespectedgreatlybytheAmericanBlack.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.recognized

B.distinguished

C.differentiated

D.separated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)recognized“認(rèn)識(shí)；意識(shí)到”，為及物動(dòng)詞；B選項(xiàng)distinguished“辨別；使出名”，與as搭配，意為“以……而著名”；C選項(xiàng)differentiated“區(qū)分；使有差別”；D選項(xiàng)separated“分開；隔開”。句意：馬丁?路德金作為非暴力民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人而聞名，并且受到美國(guó)黑人的極大尊敬。根據(jù)后面的定語(yǔ)從句whowasrespectedgreatlybytheAmericanBlack“受美國(guó)黑人的尊敬”可知他是有名的，而且廣受黑人關(guān)注。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Abeamoflightwillnotbendroundcomersunless（）todosowiththehelpofareflectingdevice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.made

B.beingmade

C.havingmade

D.tobemade

【答案】A

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)為abeamoflight和make之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)C可排除。又因?yàn)轭}目中描述的情況為客觀事實(shí)，所以選用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，選項(xiàng)B和D可排除。選用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞made表被動(dòng)即可。句意：一束光只有在反射儀器的幫助下才能彎成圓角。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.填空題

WhileMexico’soveralleconomic________showedanincreaseinforeigntradeaftertheinstitutionofNAFTA,realwagescontinuedtofallthroughoutthecountryandpovertyratesremainedconstant.(indicate)

【答案】indicators

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】名詞。

【解題思路】showed是句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，Mexico’soveralleconomic________是句子的主語(yǔ)，economic為形容詞，所以橫線所在內(nèi)容應(yīng)為名詞；economicindicators的意思為“經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)”，符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】雖然墨西哥的總體經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)顯示，在北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定建立后，對(duì)外貿(mào)易有所增長(zhǎng)，但全國(guó)各地的實(shí)際工資繼續(xù)下降，貧困率保持不變。

8.單選題

Themostwidespreadfallacyofallisthatcoldsarecausedbycold.Theyareactuallycausedbyvirusespassingonfrompersontoperson.Youcatchacoldbycomingintocontact,directlyorindirectly,withsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.Ifcoldcausescolds,itwouldbereasonabletoexpecttheEskimostosufferfromthemforever.Buttheydonot.AndintheisolatedArcticRegionsexplorershavereportedbeingfreefromcoldsuntilcomingintocontactagainwithinfectedpeoplefromtheoutsideworldbywayofpackagesandmaildroppedfromairplanes.

AttheCommonColdResearchUnitinEngland,volunteerstookpartinexperimentsinwhichtheygavethemselvestothediscomfortsofbeingcoldandwetforlongstretchesoftime.Aftertakinghotbaths,theyputonbathingsuits,allowedthemselvestobewithcoldwater,andthenstoodaboutdrippingwetindraftyrooms.Someworewetsocksalldaywhileothersexercisedintherainuntilclosetoexhaustion.Notoneofthevolunteerscamedownwithacoldunlessacoldviruswasactuallydroppedinhisnose.If,then,coldandwethavenothingtodowithcatchingcolds,whyaretheymorefrequentinthewinter?Despitethemostpains-takingresearch,noonehasyetfoundtheanswer.Oneexplanationofferedbyscientistsisthatpeopletendtostaytogetherindoorsmoreincoldweatherthanatothertimes,andthismakesiteasierforcoldvirusestobepassedon.Noonehasyetfoundacureforthecold.Therearedrugsandpainsuppressorssuchasaspirin,butalltheydoisrelievethesymptoms.

1.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTagreewiththechosenpassage?

2.Arcticexplorersmaycatchcoldswhen（）.

3.VolunteersoftheexperimentsintheCommonColdResearchUnit（）.

4.Thepassagemainlydiscusses（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheEskimosdonotsufferfromcoldsallthetime.

B.Coldsarenotcausedbycold.

C.Peoplesufferfromcoldsjustbecausetheyliketostayindoors.

D.Apersonmaycatchacoldbytouchingsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyareworkingintheisolatedArcticRegions

B.theyarewritingreportsinterriblycoldweather

C.theyarefreefromworkintheisolatedArcticRegions

D.theyarecorningintotouchagainwiththeoutsideworld

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.sufferedmuchfromcoldness

B.nevercaughtcolds

C.alwayscaughtcolds

D.becameverystrong

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theexperimentsonthecommoncold

B.thevirusesofthecommoncold

C.thereasonandthewaypeoplecatchcolds

D.thecontinuedspreadofcommoncolds

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTagreewiththechosenpassage?1.下列哪一項(xiàng)與文章不一致？

A.TheEskimosdonotsufferfromcoldsallthetime.A.愛斯基摩人并不總是感冒。

B.Coldsarenotcausedbycold.B.感冒不是由寒冷引起的。

C.Peoplesufferfromcoldsjustbecausetheyliketostayindoors.C.人們患感冒只是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g待在室內(nèi)。

D.Apersonmaycatchacoldbytouchingsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.D.一個(gè)人可能會(huì)因?yàn)榻佑|已經(jīng)感冒的人而感冒。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句“科學(xué)家給出的一種解釋是，與其他時(shí)候相比，人們?cè)诤涞奶鞖饫锔鼉A向于待在室內(nèi)，這使得感冒病毒更容易傳播”，可知，這里是對(duì)冬天更容易感冒的解釋，并不是說(shuō)人們患感冒是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g待在室內(nèi)，故C項(xiàng)“人們患感冒只是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g待在室內(nèi)”表述與原文不符合，但符合題意。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“愛斯基摩人并不總是感冒”，根據(jù)第一段第三和第四句“如果感冒是由寒冷引起的，那么愛斯基摩人將永遠(yuǎn)遭受感冒的折磨是有道理的。但事實(shí)并非如此。”可知，感冒并不是寒冷引起的，所以愛斯基摩人不會(huì)總是感冒，該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“感冒不是由寒冷引起的”，根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“最普遍的謬論（fallacy）是感冒是由寒冷引起的”，從fallacy（謬論）可知，感冒并不是由寒冷引起的，該項(xiàng)也符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人可能會(huì)因?yàn)榻佑|已經(jīng)感冒的人而感冒”，根據(jù)第一段第二句“感冒實(shí)際上是由人與人之間傳播的病毒引起的”可知，該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Arcticexplorersmaycatchcoldswhen______.2.當(dāng)______，北極探險(xiǎn)家可能會(huì)感冒。

A.theyareworkingintheisolatedArcticRegionsA.他們?cè)谂c世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作

B.theyarewritingreportsinterriblycoldweatherB.他們?cè)跇O冷的天氣里寫報(bào)告

C.theyarefreefromworkintheisolatedArcticRegionsC.他們不用在與世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作

D.theyarecorningintotouchagainwiththeoutsideworldD.他們又開始與外界接觸

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Arcticexplorers定位至第一段最后一句“在與世隔絕的北極地區(qū)，探險(xiǎn)家們報(bào)告說(shuō)，在通過從飛機(jī)上扔下的包裹和郵件與外界的感染者再次接觸之前，他們沒有感冒”，從中可知，探險(xiǎn)家們?cè)诮佑|外界之前沒有感冒，這也就是說(shuō)當(dāng)他們接觸外界時(shí)，他們可能會(huì)感冒，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“他們?cè)谂c世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“他們?cè)跇O冷的天氣里寫報(bào)告”在原文沒有依據(jù)，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C項(xiàng)“他們不用在與世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作”，根據(jù)原文可知，北極探險(xiǎn)家并不是因?yàn)樵谂c世隔絕的北極地區(qū)才沒感冒，而是沒有接觸帶有病毒的感染者，該項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.VolunteersoftheexperimentsintheCommonColdResearchUnit______.3.在普通感冒研究中心做實(shí)驗(yàn)的志愿者_(dá)_____。

A.sufferedmuchfromcoldnessA.深受寒冷之苦

B.nevercaughtcoldsB.從來(lái)不感冒

C.alwayscaughtcoldsC.總是感冒

D.becameverystrongD.非常強(qiáng)壯

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞CommonColdResearchUnit定位至第二段第一句“在英國(guó)的普通感冒研究中心，志愿者們參加了一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，他們讓自己長(zhǎng)時(shí)間處于寒冷潮濕的不適狀態(tài)”，從中可知，在普通感冒研究中心做實(shí)驗(yàn)的志愿者深受寒冷之苦，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)“從來(lái)不感冒”、C項(xiàng)“總是感冒”和D項(xiàng)“非常強(qiáng)壯”在原文沒有體現(xiàn)，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Thepassagemainlydiscusses______.4.這篇文章主要是討論______。

A.theexperimentsonthecommoncoldA.普通感冒的實(shí)驗(yàn)

B.thevirusesofthecommoncoldB.普通感冒的病毒

C.thereasonandthewaypeoplecatchcoldsC.人們感冒的原因

D.thecontinuedspreadofcommoncoldsD.普通感冒的持續(xù)蔓延

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，第一段提出感冒不是由寒冷引起的，而是由病毒引起，隨后用了幾個(gè)例子證明第一段開頭提出的論點(diǎn)，所以本文主要討論感冒的原因以及人們患上感冒的方式，C選項(xiàng)“人們感冒的原因”符合全文主旨。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“普通感冒的實(shí)驗(yàn)”、B項(xiàng)“普通感冒的病毒”和D項(xiàng)“普通感冒的持續(xù)蔓延”只是文中提到的觀點(diǎn)，不是主旨思想，屬于以偏概全。

9.單選題

The（）younghopefulswerepushedasideinthescrambleforjobs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.respected

B.inexperienced

C.premature

D.distinguished

【答案】B

【解析】句意:在求職競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中,沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)但年輕有志者都被擠掉了。

考查形容詞辨析。Respected受尊敬的;inexperienced無(wú)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的,不熟練的;premature早產(chǎn)的,不成熟的;distinguished著名的,高貴的。因此B符合句意。

10.單選題

Theawardsaddedlustertotheauthor'sreputation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expression

B.distinction

C.passion

D.formality

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。luster意為“光澤，光彩”；expression意為“表示，表達(dá)，表露”；distinction意為“區(qū)別，優(yōu)秀，榮譽(yù)”；passion意為“熱情，激情”；formality意為“禮節(jié)，形式”。

句意：這些獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)為作者的聲譽(yù)增添了光彩。

11.單選題

OnceIwasunawareofthecriticalpointsinvolved,mychoicewouldbeboundtoberelatively______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arbitrary

B.irrational

C.indispensable

D.negligent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)arbitrary“任意的；武斷的；專制的”，是由偶然、一時(shí)興起或沖動(dòng)而非由必然、推理或原則決定的；B選項(xiàng)irrational“不合理的（即與理想狀況相比有差距）；無(wú)理性的；荒謬的”；C選項(xiàng)indispensable“不可缺少的；絕對(duì)必要的；責(zé)無(wú)旁貸的”；D選項(xiàng)negligent“疏忽的；粗心大意的”。句意：一旦我不知道其中的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，我的選擇必然是相對(duì)______。如果不知道關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，做出選擇前心里就不會(huì)有一個(gè)理想答案，所以選擇就會(huì)相對(duì)隨意，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.翻譯題

通過資料查閱、實(shí)地調(diào)研、數(shù)據(jù)分析和專家會(huì)商等途徑，篩選出適用于該地區(qū)的古樹健康診斷形態(tài)指標(biāo)，確立各指標(biāo)的分級(jí)依據(jù)，構(gòu)建古樹健康診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并依據(jù)該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)滇中地區(qū)86株古樹（樹名暫略）的健康狀況進(jìn)行診查。結(jié)果表明：古樹的健康狀況大多為良和一般，不同樹種有些許差異，其結(jié)果與古樹長(zhǎng)勢(shì)強(qiáng)弱成正相關(guān),能夠反映古樹健康的真實(shí)狀況，應(yīng)用效果良好。此外，對(duì)影響古樹健康狀況的原因進(jìn)行分析，并提出相應(yīng)解決方法。

【答案】Bymeansofdataconsulting,fieldresearch,dataanalysisandexpertconsultation,thispaperscreenedoutthediagnosticmorphologicalindexesofancienttreessuitableforthisarea,establishedthegradingbasisofeachindex,constructedthediagnosticcriteriaofancienttrees'health,andbasedonthecriteria,diagnosedthehealthstatusof86ancienttrees(treenamesaretemporarilyabbreviated)incentralYunnan.Theresultsshowedthatthehealthstatusofancienttreeswasmostlygoodandaverage,withsomedifferencesamongdifferenttreespecies.Theresultswerepositivelycorrelatedwiththegrowthstrengthofancienttrees,whichcouldreflecttherealhealthstatusofancienttrees,andtheapplicationeffectwasgood.Inaddition,thereasonsthataffectthehealthstatusofancienttreesareanalyzed,andcorrespondingsolutionsareputforward.

13.單選題

Americanwomenwere______therighttovoteuntil1920aftermanyyearsofhardstruggle.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ignored

B.neglected

C.refused

D.denied

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.ignored忽視，對(duì)……不予理會(huì)B.neglected忽略，忽視

C.refused拒絕，回絕D.denied否認(rèn)，否定，拒絕承認(rèn)

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息Americanwomen（美國(guó)女性）和therighttovote（投票權(quán)），結(jié)合歷史常識(shí)可知，美國(guó)女性是被拒絕給予投票權(quán)的，并且denysb.sth.是固定用法，所以該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、B項(xiàng)不與right搭配；

C項(xiàng)多指拒絕邀請(qǐng)或者請(qǐng)求等。

【句意】在艱苦斗爭(zhēng)了數(shù)年之后，美國(guó)女性于1920年得到了一直被剝奪的投票權(quán)。

14.單選題

Thislaw___thenumberofaccidentscausedbychildrenrunningacrosstheroadwhentheygetoffthebus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intendsreducing

B.intendstobereduced

C.isintendedtoreduce

D.isintendedreducing

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。本句主語(yǔ)為Thislaw，賓語(yǔ)為：thenumberofaccidents，causedbychildrenrunningacrosstheroadwhentheygetoffthebus為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)修飾先行詞accidents，定語(yǔ)中包含了一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，句意：這項(xiàng)法律___兒童下車時(shí)跑過馬路造成的事故數(shù)量。由基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格處需要填入謂語(yǔ)，intend“打算；想要；意指”，結(jié)合主語(yǔ)，法律不會(huì)主動(dòng)做某事，可至空格需要填入被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除A，B；最后根據(jù)固定搭配intendtodosth.“想要做；想要做某事”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe"howto"aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontext,andimplications.Muchofthe"howto"materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalism,asinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.

Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempiricalaspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosis（診斷）andtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.

Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.

1.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat（

）.

2.Muchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral

（

）.

3.Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview,

（

）.

4.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.generalizedprinciplesforjournalisticinterviewsarethechiefconcernforwritersofjournalism

B.importanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewing

C.conceptsandcontextualimplicationsareofsecondaryimportanceinjournalisticinterviewing

D.personalexperiencesandgeneralimpressionsshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.sothetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthened

B.thoughthestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn’treceivedmuchattention

C.butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglected

D.andtherehasalsobeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.butmostofthemwishtostayawayfromit

B.andmanyofthemhopetobeinterviewedsomeday

C.andmanyofthemwouldliketoacquireatrueunderstandingofit

D.butmostofthemmaynothavebeeninterviewedinperson

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.anewsarticle

B.aresearchreport

C.ajournalisticinterview

D.apreface

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。由第一段“Asweknow,injournalism,asinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.正如我們所知，在新聞業(yè)和其他領(lǐng)域一樣，我們可以從專業(yè)實(shí)踐的系統(tǒng)研究中學(xué)到很多東西。這樣的研究收集了一些證據(jù)，從中可以發(fā)展出廣泛而普遍的原則?！笨芍谝欢沃饕f(shuō)明應(yīng)該將重點(diǎn)放在專業(yè)實(shí)踐的研究上。答案B

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段中“Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.遺憾的是，關(guān)于采訪的大量文獻(xiàn)很少關(guān)注新聞采訪”可知C項(xiàng)“新聞采訪作為一個(gè)特殊的領(lǐng)域被忽視了”正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段中“However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.然而，實(shí)際上很少有人已當(dāng)面被大眾媒體，特別是被電視采訪”。可知D項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。由最后一句asthisbookindicates可知文章有可能是一本書的序言。答案D

16.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandputyouranswersonAnswerSheet.

TheTombSweepingDayisoneofthetraditionalChineseholidays.IttypicallyfallsonApril4,5,or6ofthesolarcalendar.Thisfestivalwasoriginallycelebratedfortherevivalofnature.Itmarkedthebeginningoftheplantingseasonandotheroutdooractivities.Atthattime,peoplecelebrateditwithdancing,singing,picnics,andspringouting.Lateritgraduatedintoadaytohonorpastancestors.Today,alltheChinesesweeptheirlateancestors’tombswhenthefestivalcomes.Tombsweepingactivitiesusuallyincludeweedingandearthingupthetombs,offeringsacrifices,burningspiritmoney,shootingofffirecrackersandsoon.

【答案】清明節(jié)是中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日之一。它通常是在陽(yáng)歷的4月4日、5日或6日。這個(gè)節(jié)日最初是為了慶祝大自然的復(fù)興并且標(biāo)志著種植季節(jié)和其他戶外活動(dòng)的開始。在這個(gè)節(jié)日里，人們以跳舞、唱歌、野餐和春游來(lái)慶祝它。后來(lái)它逐漸演變成紀(jì)念祖先的日子。如今，每逢清明節(jié)來(lái)臨，所有的中國(guó)人都會(huì)為先人掃墓。掃墓活動(dòng)通常包括除草、掘土、祭祀、燒紙錢、放鞭炮等。

17.單選題

Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungarenotwhattheywere.Thesamecommentismadefromgenerationtogenerationanditisalwaystrue.Ithasneverbeentruerthanitistoday.Theyoungarebettereducated.Theyhavealotmoremoneytospendandenjoymorefreedom.Theygrowupmorequicklyandarenotsodependentontheirparents.Theythinkmoreforthemselvesanddonotblindlyaccepttheidealsoftheirelders.Eventswhichtheoldergenerationremembersvividlyarenothingmorethanpasthistory.Thisisasitshouldbe.Everynewgenerationisdifferentfromtheonethatprecededit.Todaythedifferenceisverymarkedindeed.

Theoldalwaysassumethattheyknowbestforthesimplereasonthattheyhavebeenaroundabitlonger.Theydon’tliketofeelthattheirvaluesarebeingquestionedorthreatened.Andthisispreciselywhattheyoungaredoing.Theyarequestioningtheassumptionsoftheireldersanddisturbingtheircomplacency.Officehours,forinstance,arenothingmorethanenforcedslavery.Wouldn’tpeopleworkbestiftheyweregivencompletefreedomandresponsibility?Andwhataboutclothing?Whosaidthatallthemenintheworldshouldweardrabgreysuitsandconvicthaircuts?Ifweruinourmindstomoreseriousmatters,whosaidthathumandifferencescanbestbesolvedthroughconventionalpoliticsorbyviolentmeans?Whyhavetheoldergenerationsooftenusedviolencetosolvetheirproblems?Whyaretheysounhappyandguilt-riddenintheirpersonallives,soobsessedwithmeanambitionsandthedesiretoamassmoreandmorematerialpossessions?Cananythingberightwiththerat-race?Haven’ttheoldlosttouchwithailthatisimportantinlife?

Thesearenotquestionstheoldergenerationcanshrugofflightly.Theirrecordoverthepastfortyyearsorsohasn’tbeenexactlyspotless.Traditionally,theyounghaveturnedtotheireldersforguidance.Today,thesituationmightbereversed.Theold——iftheyarepreparedtoadmititcouldlearnathingortwofromtheirchildren.Oneofthebiggestlessonstheycouldle