考研考博-英語-北京北大方正軟件職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京北大方正軟件職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.1trytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”，soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead.Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“beautiful”.Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft.too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinmarketplace.Ilefttearsinmythroat,Iwantedtocry.Ididn’tofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.IremovethepaperandraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecradlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry.andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn'tcry.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

2.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman（）.

3.Whydidthewriterfinallydecidetobuythreeskirts?

4.Whendidthewriterleftthemarketplace,shewantedtocry,butdidnotbecause（）.

5.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?

問題1選項

A.Thewriterwasnotusedtobargaining.

B.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.

C.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.

D.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.

問題2選項

A.thoughtthatthelastofferwasreasonable

B.thoughtshecouldstillmakemuchmoney

C.wasgladthatthewriterknewtheirwayofbargaining

D.wastiredofbargainingwiththewriteranymore

問題3選項

A.Theskirtswerecheapandpretty.

B.Shelikedthepatternsontheskirts.

C.Shewantedtodosomethingascompensation.

D.Shewasfedupwithfurtherbargainingwiththewoman.

問題4選項

A.shehadlearnedtostaycoolandunfeeling

B.shewasafraidofcryinginpublic

C.shehadlearnedtofacedifficultiesbravely

D.shehadtoshowinpublicthatshewasstrong.

問題5選項

A.Shesuddenlyfeltverysad.

B.Shelikedtheribbonssomuch.

C.Shewasovercomebyemotion.

D.Shefeltsorryforthewoman.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。A:作者不習(xí)慣討價還價。B:亞洲人買東西總是講價。C:在老撾，討價還價是安靜而和平的。D:作家準備和那個女人討價還價。第五段指出:Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia(我決定買一條那樣的裙子，我開始和她討價還價。在亞洲，討價還價是一種習(xí)俗)。由此得知，B項和D項正確。第五段還指出:InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness(在老撾，討價還價是以較低的聲音，和一種輕松平靜的方式進行的)。因此C項正確。只有A項在原文中找不到線索，故選A。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。第六段指出:ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining(對于我能夠說一些她們國家的語言她感到非常高興，雖然我說的大部分都是一些數(shù)字，但是在她看來我是非常清楚這種輕松愉悅的討價還價的方式的)。由此可知這位姑娘因作者能夠說她們國家的語言和懂得相關(guān)的討價還價的方式而感到高興。后面接著寫到:Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade(她感到非常開心，以至于讓我感到意外的是，她竟然接受了我最后的出價)。因此C項“感到高興，因為作者知道她們討價還價的方法”正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。第六段指出:Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase(這個價格實在是太低了。她太慷慨了，幾乎賺不到什么錢。擔(dān)心她因為我買得多而再次降低價格，我迅速地再挑了兩條裙子，付錢，然后離開)。故選C項“她想做點什么作為補償”。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。倒數(shù)第三段指出:Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy(我學(xué)會了抗拒困難，不知不覺中，我也學(xué)會了不被溫柔輕松俘獲)。由此可見，作者沒哭是因為她已經(jīng)學(xué)會讓情緒不輕易受到影響，故選A項“她已經(jīng)學(xué)會了保持冷靜”。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出:Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry...(對于她的這種慷慨精神毫無防御，這次我哭了……)。因此作者最后還是哭了是因為當她再次打開包裝想看一下這些裙子時才發(fā)現(xiàn)這位老撾姑娘送了自己五條長長的絲帶，因此C項“她沒有控制住自己的情緒”正確。

2.單選題

（）hisknowledgeandacademicbackground,heisbasicallystupid.

問題1選項

A.Butfor

B.Accordingto

C.Forall

D.Thanksto

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管他有一定的知識和學(xué)術(shù)背景，但是從根本上來說他還是很笨的。

考查短語辨析。butfor要不是，如果沒有；accordingto按照，根據(jù)；forall盡管，雖然；thanksto由于，幸虧。根據(jù)后半句句意“從根本上來說他還是很笨的”可知前半句表示讓步，故選C項。

3.單選題

NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom（

）onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.

問題1選項

A.configuration

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.contamination

【答案】D

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。Configuration“布置，結(jié)構(gòu)”；constitution“建立，組成，憲法”;condemnation“譴責(zé)”;contamination“污染，玷污;污染物”。句意：最近在《科學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇文章認為，巖層大部分有有機化學(xué)物質(zhì)來自于地球上的污染而不是火星上的細菌。選項D符合題意。

4.單選題

Atsometimeinyourlifeyoumayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.However,chancesarethatyoudon’tactonyourimpulse,butletitpassinstead.Youknowthattocommittheactioniswronginsomewayandthatotherpeoplewillnotacceptyourbehavior.

Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.Topicssuchasdeath,forexample,wereonceconsideredsoupsettingandunpleasantthatitwasatabootoeventalkaboutthem.NowwiththepublicationofimportantbookssuchasOnDeathandDyingandLearningtoSayGoodbye,peoplehavebecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofexpressingfeelingsaboutdeathand,asaresult,aremorewillingtotalkaboutthistaboosubject.

OneofthenewesttaboosinAmericansocietyisthetopicoffat.Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatistopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly.It’snottaboototalkaboutfat;it’stabootobefat.The“in”lookisthin,notfat.Intheworkworld,mostcompaniespreferyouthful-looking,trimexecutivestoselltheirimageaswellastheirproductstothepublic.Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respect.Inanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis“in”,fatis“out”.

It’snotsurprising,then,thatmillionsofAmericanshavebecomeobsessedwithstayingslimand“inshape”.Thepursuitofayouthfulphysicalappearanceisnot,however,thesolereasonforAmerica’sfascinationwithdietandexercise.Recentresearchhasshownthecriticalimportanceofdietandexerciseforpersonalhealth.Asinmosttechnologicallydevelopednations,thelife-styleofNorthAmericanshaschangeddramaticallyduringthecourseofthelastcentury.Modernmachinesdoallthephysicallaborthatpeoplewereonceforcedtodobyhand.Carsandbusestransportusquicklyfrompointtopoint.Asaresultofinactivityanddisuse,people’sbodiescaneasilybecomeweakandvulnerabletodisease.Inanefforttoavoidsuchafate,millionsofAmericansarespendingmoreoftheirtimeexercising.

66.Fromthepassagewecaninfertaboois______.

67.Basedontheideaspresentedinthepassagewecanconclude“beingfat”_______inAmericansociety.

68.Thetopicoffatis______manyothertaboosubjects.

69.IntheU.S.,thinis“in”,fatis“out”,thismeans______.

70.Apartfromthisnewunderstandingofthecorrelationbetweenhealthandexercise,themainreasonthepassagegivesforwhysomanyAmericansareexercisingregularlyis______.

問題1選項

A.astrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible

B.acrimecommittedonimpulse

C.behaviorconsideredunacceptableinsociety’seyes

D.anunfavorableimpressionleftonotherpeople

問題2選項

A.willalwaysremainataboo

B.isnotconsideredataboobymostpeople

C.haslongbeenataboo

D.maynolongerbeataboosomeday

問題3選項

A.thesameas

B.differentfrom

C.morepopularthan

D.lessoftentalkedaboutthan

問題4選項

A.thinis“inside”,fatis“outside”

B.thinis“diligent”,fatis“l(fā)azy”

C.thinis“youthful”,fatis“spiritless”

D.thinis“fashionable”,fatis“unfashionable”

問題5選項

A.theirchangedlife-style

B.theireagernesstostaythinandyouthful

C.theirappreciationoftheimportanceofexercise

D.theencouragementtheyhavereceivedfromtheircompanies

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】66.推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中我們可以推斷禁忌是……”。根據(jù)第二段第一句Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.（也許關(guān)于禁忌行為現(xiàn)象最有趣的事情是它是如何在同一社會中隨著時間的推移而改變的，某些曾經(jīng)被認為是禁忌的行為和態(tài)度是如何在另一個時間點變得完全可接受和自然的）可知，某些曾經(jīng)被認為是禁忌的行為和態(tài)度在另一個時間點變得完全可接受和自然的，那么可以推斷禁忌是不可以被接受的一種行為，所以C項“被社會認為是不可接受的行為”正確。A項“想要做一些奇怪或可怕的事情的強烈欲望”是干擾項，在第一段中有原話Atsometimeinyourlifeyoumayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.（在你生命中的某些時候，你可能有強烈的欲望去做一些奇怪或可怕的事情），這是為了引出禁忌行為這個話題，不是禁忌的推斷結(jié)果，所以A項不選；B項“沖動而犯的罪行”，文中沒有提到罪行；D項“給別人留下不好的印象”太廣泛，不能準確表述禁忌的含義。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

67.推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章中提出的觀點，我們可以得出推斷‘變得肥胖’在美國社會是……”。第二段第一句指出Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.（也許關(guān)于禁忌行為現(xiàn)象最有趣的事情是它是如何在同一社會中隨著時間的推移而改變的，某些曾經(jīng)被認為是禁忌的行為和態(tài)度是如何在另一個時間點變得完全可接受和自然的），可知禁忌行為在某一天可以變得能夠接受；接著第三段討論到了美國社會的肥胖問題，根據(jù)第三段第三句It’snottaboototalkaboutfat;it’stabootobefat.（談?wù)摲逝植⒉皇墙?，變得肥胖才是禁忌）可知變得肥胖在美國社會是一個禁忌，那么根據(jù)這兩處可以推斷，變得肥胖在美國社會中雖然是一個不可接受的禁忌行為，但是在某個時間點可能會變得可以接受，所以D項“在將來某一天可能不再是一個禁忌”符合題意。A項“將永遠是一個禁忌”不符合原文；第三段第一句提到OneofthenewesttaboosinAmericansocietyisthetopicoffat.（關(guān)于肥胖的話題是美國社會最新的禁忌之一），B項“不被大多數(shù)人認為是禁忌”表述錯誤；C項“長期以來一直是禁忌”錯誤，文中提到肥胖是美國社會最新的禁忌，所以不可能長期以來都是。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

68.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“關(guān)于肥胖的話題與許多其他禁忌話題相比，是……”。第三段第二句提到Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatistopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly.（不像其他的禁忌，肥胖是美國人經(jīng)常談?wù)摰脑掝}）可知，肥胖的話題不同于其他禁忌話題，所以B項“不同的”正確。A項“一樣的”和D項“不常被討論的”表述與原文相反；C項“更受歡迎的”為干擾項，文中指出禁忌是人們不能接受的行為，所以不可能會受到歡迎。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

69.推理判斷題。題干意思是“在美國，瘦是‘in’，胖是‘out’，這句話的意思是……”。根據(jù)第三段第五句Intheworkworld,mostcompaniespreferyouthful-looking,trimexecutivestoselltheirimageaswellastheirproductstothepublic.（在工作中，大多數(shù)公司更喜歡年輕、苗條的主管來向公眾推銷自己的形象和產(chǎn)品）和最后一句Inanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis“in”,fatis“out”.（在像美國這樣注重形象的社會里，瘦是“in”，胖是“out”）可知，在注重形象的美國社會，瘦的人才可以向大眾推銷形象和產(chǎn)品，那么可以推斷瘦在美國代表時髦，而胖則是過時，所以D項“瘦是‘時尚’，胖是‘不時尚’”正確。A項“瘦是‘內(nèi)’，胖是‘外’”不符合原文意思；B項“瘦是‘勤奮’，胖是‘懶惰’”文中沒有提到瘦是勤奮；C項“瘦是‘年輕’，胖是‘無精打采’”為干擾項，第三段雖然提到Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respect.（瘦削的外表與年輕、活力和成功聯(lián)系在一起。另一方面，胖人被認為懶惰、缺乏活力、自律和自尊。），但是C項表述比較片面。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

70.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“除了對健康和鍛煉之間的關(guān)系有了新的理解，這篇文章給出的為什么這么多美國人經(jīng)常鍛煉的主要原因是……”。在文章最后兩句提到Asaresultofinactivityanddisuse,people’sbodiescaneasilybecomeweakandvulnerabletodisease.Inanefforttoavoidsuchafate,millionsofAmericansarespendingmoreoftheirtimeexercising.（由于不活動，人們的身體很容易變得虛弱和容易得病。為了避免這樣的命運，數(shù)百萬美國人把更多的時間花在鍛煉上。），由此可知，美國人花時間鍛煉的原因是為了保持健康，即他們認識到鍛煉的重要性，所以C項“他們對鍛煉重要性的認識”符合題意。A項“他們生活方式的改變”是現(xiàn)代機器取代體力勞動的結(jié)果；B項“他們對保持苗條和青春的渴望”是美國人想要變瘦的原因，因為瘦代表著時髦；D項“他們從公司得到的鼓勵”最后一段沒有提到。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

5.單選題

Theyhaveareciprocalloathingforeachother.

問題1選項

A.aslighttrusting

B.adeepmotivating

C.amutualdisgust

D.alastingfight

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項aslighttrusting輕微的信任；B選項adeepmotivating深刻的激勵；C選項amutualdisgust相互間厭惡；D選項alastingfight持久的斗爭。根據(jù)句意可知：他們都很厭惡對方，因此選擇C選項。

6.單選題

Somethingssimplycannotbealteredand（）peopleacceptthis,notwastingenergyontryingtodotheimpossible.

問題1選項

A.rough

B.plastic

C.harsh

D.resilient

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項rough“粗糙的”，B項plastic“塑料的”，C項harsh“嚴厲的、刺耳的”，D項resilient“可迅速恢復(fù)的、堅韌的”；句意：有些東西根本無法改變，有韌性的人能接受這一點，不會浪費精力來做不可能的事。因此D選項正確。

7.單選題

Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobeunderstoodtosharethesamemeaning.Thedifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and"difficult",forexample,goestragicallyunnoticed.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.Ingeneralthisiswellandgood;mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles.Nevertheless,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness(andtime),itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.

Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1)Thetestwashard.2)Thetestwasdifficult.Isthedifferencebetweenthesesynonymsreadilyapparent?Isthereanoticeabledifferencebetweenthematall?Indeed,thesequestionsarevalidandwarrantanswer.For,whatwouldbethepointtohavingmultiplewordswiththeexactsamemeaning?No,thatwouldbesuperfluous;theEnglishlanguagebeingfartooeconomical.Whilemanyclosesynonymssharesimilar,ifnotthesame,dictionarydefinitions,thefeeling,ormood,theyconveyisutterlysingular.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatehowitfeelstouseaword.

So,ifthereisindeedadifferencebetweenwordslike"hard"and“difficult”，whatisit?Tobegin,"hard"ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,"difficult”iseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.Why,themeredifferenceinsonicqualitybetweenthemisstrikingenough.“Hard”makesaquick,unassumingsound,havingbutasinglesyllable(voicedundercertaininflections,itcanevencomeacrossasharsh),while"difficult"ismorelengthyandmelodic,itsnumberofsyllablestotalingthreetimesthatofitscounterpart.Furthermore,"hard"ismorelikelytobeusedincasual,informalcircumstances,ortocommunicateanidea"onthego"orsimplyto"getitout"asthesayingsgo.Itisusedwithoutpretense,anddoesnotmaintainafeelingofbeingoverlyconcerned.Intermsofdailyusage,"hard"maybeemployedbyanexhaustedbrickmasonwhenposedwiththequestion,"Howwasyourday?"Conversely,"difficult”maybeusedbyamilitarygeneraluponexplainingtohisorhersuperiortheprogressionofaparticularlytaxingcampaign.Similarto"hard"and"difficult",thewords"weird"and"strange"tooareclosesynonyms,andmayseeminglybeusedinterchangeably.Takeforinstancethefollowingsentences:1)Seamonkeysareweird.2)Seamonkeysarestrange.Contrarytopopularbelief,thesesentencesarenottautologous.Sohowdotheydiffer?Theirdictionarydefinitionsarenearlyidentical,sothedifferencedoesnotliethere.Rather,thedifferenceinvolvesthefeeling,ormood,thatthesewordsconvey.Noticethatwhile"weird"and"strange"bothhavebutonesyllable,thelatterhasaremarkablydistinguishedfeel.

Similarto"hard","weird"conveysamorebasic,amorecrude,sentiment.Something"weird"iscrassorgross,andistypicallyundesirable.Noonewantstobeassociatedwithsomething"weird".Iftryingtoimpresssomeone,oneprobablydoesn'twanttobecategorizedamongthe"weird".Ontheotherhand,ifsomethingislabeledas"strange",itisnotnecessarilybad.Rather,something"strange"issimplyabnormal,orunusual―adeviationfromwhatisexpected.Thisdistinctionbetween"weird"and"strange"issopronouncedthatthelattercanbeusedasaeuphemismfortheformerincertainsituations.Forexample,noticehowasimplesubstitutionisabletomakethefollowingsentencelessoffensive:"Yourmother'scookiestasteweird"comparedto“Yourmother'scookiestastestrange".Intheformersentence,thespeakersoundsasthoughheorsheisinsultingyourmother'scookies,statingthattheytastebad.Inthelattersentence,however,thespeakersoundsasthoughthecookiessimplytastedifferent,orunusual,comparedtowhatheorsheisusedto—thedifferenceowingtotheinnocuousadditionoftoomuchflour,perhaps.

Finally,let'slookatthesynonyms,"happy"and"glad".Asintheaforementionedcases,thesewordsseemtohavelittleornodiscernibledifferencebetweenthem.Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1)Tommyishappybecausehegotanewbike.2)Tommyisgladbecausehegotanewbike.Mostunderstandthesesentencestohavethesamemeaning.Andagain,uponconsultingadictionary,onewillfindhighlysimilar,ifnotthesame,definitions.Butthesedefinitionslackthefeeling,theuniqueemotionalchargethatthesewordsconvey.Theword“happy”conveysasenseoflevity,oracarefreeattitude.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“happy”conjurestheimageofabright-eyed,ruddy,smilingface.Oneis“happy”onthemorningofhisbirthday,discoveringanewpuppyboundingintohisbedroom.Ontheotherhand,theword“glad”conjurestheimageofamanstandingcrossed-armed,noddinggently.Astoicgrincrossinghisface.Oneis“glad”whenheseesthatthechild’slostpuppyhasbeenfound,andwasmerelyfrolickingtoofarfromhome.

Granted,thenotionthatclosesynonymscanbeusedinterchangeablyisprevalentamongEnglishspeakers.Andalas,thedictionary—thetextpurportedtoberesponsibleforclarifyingsuchissues—isoflittleassistance.Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,differences.

1.Whatisthethesisstatementinthispassage?

2.Asusedinparagraph1,whatismostlikelymeantby“scrupulouspedanticalness”？

3.Asusedinparagraph2,whichofthefollowingbestdescribessomethingthatissuperfluous?

4.Inparagraph3,theauthorwrites:"Tobegin,'hard'ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn'tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,"'difficultiseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane."Whichofthefollowingliterarydevicesisusedinthisquotation?

5.Withrespecttothewayinwhichclosesynonymsarecommonlyunderstood,theauthor'stonecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

問題1選項

A.Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobebelievedtosharethesamemeaning.(paragraph1)

B.However,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness(andtime),itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.(paragraph1)

C.Whilemanyclosesynonymssharesimilar,ifnotthesame,dictionarydefinitions,thefeeling,ormood,theyconveyisutterlysingular.(paragraph2)

D.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatetheenergyofaword,(paragraph2)

E.Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.(paragraph6)

問題2選項

A.mildcuriosity

B.wryskepticismof

C.passionateindignation

D.stubbornreluctance

E.excessiveconcern

問題3選項

A.Yokoexpectstohavesixdinnerguests,soshesetsthetablewithsixplaces.Ontheside,however,shekeepsanothertwoplacesjustincaseherguestsbringfriends.

B.Theinstructionssaytofillthetireswith35-38poundspersquareinchofair,butMichelefillsthemwith40poundspersquareinchbecausetheyareoldandtendtoleak.

C.ManufactureofModel24AhadbeenscheduledtobeginonMay8.However,creditorsfailedtoforwardmuchneededmonetaryadvancements,delayingthestartofproductionuntilMay10.

D.Thepassingofsinger--songwriterJonathanOrionDavisleftthousands,ifnotmillions,inmourning.Thiswasreflectedbytheastoundingnumberofrosesplacedonhisopencoffin:averitablemountainthathadtoberelocatedbecausethosepayingtheirrespectscouldnolongerviewthedeceased.

E.Lavishedwithcriticalacclaim,thepublicationwasslatedtogeneratetremendousrevenueinsales.Unfortunately,demandhadbeenoverestimated,andasaresult,tenthousandcopiesneverleftstoreshelves.

問題4選項

A.Onomatopoeia

B.hyperbole

C.metaphor

D.personification

E.oxymoron

問題5選項

A.belligerent

B.supercilious

C.rueful

D.conscientious

E.blase

【答案】第1題:E

第2題:E

第3題:E

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.”最后，去理解這些同義詞如何讓我們感受且我們傾向于為它們附上何種語氣成了這些積極負責(zé)同義詞的維持和產(chǎn)生的語言使用者的工作，可知E選項符合題意。

2.詞義題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.Ingeneralthisiswellandgood;mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles”可知人們可能不在意這些同義詞的區(qū)別，說明對同同義詞缺乏一種仔細認真探究精神，因此E選項“過度關(guān)心”符合題意。A選項“輕微的好奇心”；B選項“對……有固執(zhí)己見的懷疑”；C選項“激動的憤慨”；D選項“執(zhí)拗的不情愿”。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“whatwouldbethepointtohavingmultiplewordswiththeexactsamemeaning?No,thatwouldbesuperfluous;theEnglishlanguagebeingfartooeconomical.”有許多意思完全相同的單詞有什么意義呢？沒有任何意義，那將是多余的;英語在用詞上非常簡練，可知E選項中的“andasaresult”屬于多余的成分。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)句中“Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.”它（指單詞difficult）是文明的，愿意付出必要的努力來顯得彬彬有禮?？芍虮蛴卸Y一般是用來形容人的，此處用的是擬人的修辭手法，因此D選項“擬人”符合題意。A選項“擬聲”；B選項“夸張”；C選項“暗喻”；E選項“矛盾修辭法，逆喻”。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Thedifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and"difficult",forexample,goestragicallyunnoticed.”例如，單詞hard和difficult這樣的詞之間的區(qū)別，不幸地沒有被注意到，可知作者的語氣是悲傷的，因此選C。

8.單選題

A（

）examinationisonewhichisinpreparationforsomething.

問題1選項

A.predominant

B.premature

C.perfectible

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項predominant“卓越的，支配的”；B選項premature“不成熟的”；C選項perfectible“可完成的”；D選項preliminary“初步的，開始的”。句意：初步的測試是為某事做準備的考試。選項D符合句意。

9.單選題

Thei