考研考博-英語-南昌理工學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南昌理工學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Paintingsarestatic.Theuniquenessoftheexperienceoflookingatapaintingrepeatedly—overaperiodofdaysoryears----isthat,inthemidstofflux,theimageremainschangeless.Ofcoursethesignificanceoftheimagemaychange,asaresultofeitherhistoricalorpersonaldevelopments,butwhatisdepictedisunchanging:thesamemilkflowingfromthesamejug,thewavesontheseawithexactlythesameformationunbroken,thesmileandthefacewhichhavenotaltered.

Onemightbetemptedtosaythatpaintingspreserveamoment.Yetonreflectionthisisobviouslyuntrue.Forthemomentofapainting,unlikeamomentphotographed,neverexistedassuch.Andsoapaintingcannotbesaidtopreserveit.Ifapainting“stops”time,itisnot,likeaphotograph,preservingamomentofthepastfromthesupersessionofsucceedingmoments.

【答案】繪畫是靜態(tài)的。在幾天或幾年時間里反復(fù)看一幅畫的經(jīng)歷的獨特性在于畫的內(nèi)容在變遷中仍然保持不變。當(dāng)然，由于歷史或個人發(fā)展,盡管該圖像的意義可能會改變,但描述的內(nèi)容是不變的:一樣的奶瓶中流出的一樣的牛奶，海面上完全一樣的完整的波浪，不變的微笑和笑臉。

人們可能會說，繪畫保存了一個瞬間。然而，仔細(xì)想想，這顯然是不真實的。因為與被拍攝的瞬間不一樣，繪畫中的瞬間從未存在。因此，不能說一幅畫保存了一個瞬間。如果一幅畫留住了某個瞬間，那么它就不能保存代替隨后瞬間的過去瞬間，就像相片一樣。

2.單選題

VIII.InternationalLaw

Beforethefirstsubstantivemeeting,thePanelreceivedanunsolicitedamicuscuriaebrieffromHumaneSocietyInternationalandAmericanUniversity’sWashingtonCollegeofLaw,accompaniedbyaletterdated6May2010.

Atthefirstsubstantivemeeting,theUnitedStatesrequestedthePaneltoreviewandconsiderthesubmissioninitsdeliberations,inlightoftherelevantandusefulinformationitcontainedwhichitbelievedcouldassistthePanelinunderstandingtheissuesinthisdispute.Inaddition,initsresponsestothePanel’squestions,theUnitedStatesreferredtosomeoftheinformationcontainedintheamicuscuriaebriefinsupportofitsarguments.Mexicodidnotcommentonthefilingoftheamicuscuriaebrieforonitscontentatthefirstsubstantivemeeting.

ThePanelsubsequentlyinvitedbothpartiestocommentoncertaininformationpresentedasanexhibittotheamicuscuriaebrief.Initsresponse,Mexicoobservedthatfactualinformationsubmittedthroughanamicuscuriaebriefcouldnotbeproperlytreatedaspartoftherecordofthisdispute.TheUnitedStatesrespondedthat,althoughapanelisnotrequiredtoconsiderinformationsubmittedbyamici,itmayconsidersuchinformationasitseesfit.Inparticular,theUnitedStatesnotedthattheChairmanofthePanelhadinvitedthepartiesandthirdpartiesinthisdisputetoofferviewsinrelationtotheamicuscuriaebrieffiled.

ThePanelinformedthepartiespriortothefirstmeetingthat:“TakingintoaccountthedeterminationsoftheAppellateBodyinUS-Shrimp(WT/DS58/AB/R),thePanelconsidersthatithasthediscretionaryauthorityeithertoacceptandconsiderortorejectinformationandadvicesubmittedtoit,anditwillaccordinglytreatthisbriefasitdeemsappropriate.”

ThePanelthereforeconsidersthatithastheauthoritytoconsidertheinformationcontainedintheamicuscuriaebrief,andhasdonesototheextentthatitdeemeditrelevanttotheexaminationoftheclaimbeforeit.WherethePanelconsideredtheinformationpresentedinandtheevidenceattachedtotheamicuscuriaebriefrelevant,ithassoughttheviewsofthepartiesinaccordancewiththerequirementsofdueprocess.Inaddition,totheextentthatoneofthepartieshascitedtheamicuscuriaebrieforcross-referencedtotheexhibitspresentedwithsuchbriefinitsreasoningorresponsestoquestions,theseelementsformpartofthesubmissionsofthatpartyintheseproceedingsandthePaneldeemsappropriaterefertosuchinformationinitsfindings.

79.Inthe1stsentenceofthe2ndparagraph,thereare3“it(its)”(underlined),thesewords,accordingtothecontext,representthefollowinginorderrespectively.

80.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

81.Itcanbeinferredfromthe4thparagraphthat___.

82.ThePanelwoulddealwiththeamicuscuriaebriefinthefollowingwayexcept___.

問題1選項

A.thePanel,thebrief,theUnitedStates

B.theUnitedStates,thebrief,theUnitedStates

C.thePanel,theUnitedStates,thebrief

D.noneoftheabove

問題2選項

A.TheUSwelcomedtheamicuscuriaebriefandthoughtitwashelpfultothePanel.

B.Mexicoalsowelcomedtheamicuscuriaebriefbutthoughtfactualinformationinthebriefcouldnotbetreatedaspartoftherecordofthedispute.

C.Thepanelinvitedthethirdpartiestosubmittheiropinioninrelationtotheamicuscuriaebrieffiled.

D.ThePanelinformedthepartiesitsattitudetowardsamicuscuriaebriefpriortothefirstmeeting.

問題3選項

A.thePanelconsideredthatithadthediscretionaryauthoritytoacceptamicuscuriaebrief

B.thePanelconsideredthatithadthediscretionaryauthoritytorejectamicuscuriaebrief

C.thePanelconsideredtheAppellateBody’sopinionregardingamicuscuriaebriefinUS-Shrimpcase

D.thePanelwouldtreatthebriefasitdeemedappropriate

問題4選項

A.whenthePaneldeemeditrelevanttotheexaminationoftheclaimbeforeit,thePanelwouldconsidertheinformationcontainedinthebrief

B.thePanelwouldseektheviewsofthepartiesregardingtheinformationpresentedinandtheevidenceattachedtotheamicuscuriaebrief

C.ifonepartycitedtheamicuscuriaebriefinitsreasoning,theseelementswouldformpartofthesubmissionsofthatparty

D.thePanelthoughtitwasinappropriatetorefertosuchinformationinitsfindings

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】79.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞義推測題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第一句Atthefirstsubstantivemeeting,theUnitedStatesrequestedthePaneltoreviewandconsiderthesubmissioninitsdeliberations,inlightoftherelevantandusefulinformationitcontainedwhichitbelievedcouldassistthePanelinunderstandingtheissuesinthisdispute.（在第一次實質(zhì)性會議上，美國要求小組審查和審議其審議意見中提交的材料，因為它載有有關(guān)和有用的資料，它認(rèn)為這些資料可以幫助小組了解這一爭端中的問題）可知第一個its指代的是thePanel“小組”，第二個it指代的是information“材料”，這里information的出處是第一段所提到的Beforethefirstsubstantivemeeting,thePanelreceivedanunsolicitedamicuscuriaebrieffromHumaneSocietyInternationalandAmericanUniversity’sWashingtonCollegeofLaw,accompaniedbyaletterdated6May2010.（在第一次實質(zhì)性會議之前，專家組收到了國際人道協(xié)會和美國大學(xué)華盛頓法學(xué)院主動提交的法庭之友簡報，并附有2010年5月6日的一封信），可以推斷出本處的information實際上就是第一段所說的brief，第三個it指代的是theUnitedStates“美國”，選A選項“小組、摘要、美國”；B選項“美國，摘要，美國”，C選項“小組，美國，摘要”以及D選項“以上都不是”不符合原文，排除。因此A選項符合題意。

80.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段最后一句Mexicodidnotcommentonthefilingoftheamicuscuriaebrieforonitscontentatthefirstsubstantivemeeting.（墨西哥沒有就法庭之友摘要的提交或其在第一次實質(zhì)性會議上的內(nèi)容發(fā)表評論）以及第三段第二句Initsresponse,Mexicoobservedthatfactualinformationsubmittedthroughanamicuscuriaebriefcouldnotbeproperlytreatedaspartoftherecordofthisdispute.（墨西哥在答復(fù)中指出，通過法庭之友簡報提交的事實資料不能作為這一爭端記錄的一部分加以適當(dāng)處理）能夠推斷出墨西哥認(rèn)為案情摘要中的事實資料不能作為爭端記錄的一部分，但是無法推斷出墨西哥也歡迎法庭之友的案情摘要，選B選項“墨西哥也歡迎法庭之友的案情摘要，但認(rèn)為案情摘要中的事實資料不能作為爭端記錄的一部分”；第二段倒數(shù)第二句Inaddition,initsresponsestothePanel’squestions,theUnitedStatesreferredtosomeoftheinformationcontainedintheamicuscuriaebriefinsupportofitsarguments.（此外，在答復(fù)小組的問題時，美國提到法庭之友摘要中所載的一些資料，以支持其論點）和第三段第三句TheUnitedStatesrespondedthat,althoughapanelisnotrequiredtoconsiderinformationsubmittedbyamici,itmayconsidersuchinformationasitseesfit.（美國答復(fù)說，雖然不要求一個小組審議友盟提交的資料，但它可以審議它認(rèn)為合適的資料）可知美國支持法庭之友且認(rèn)為這對小組有幫助，A選項“美國歡迎法庭之友的陳述，認(rèn)為這對小組有幫助”符合原文，排除；第三段最后一句Inparticular,theUnitedStatesnotedthattheChairmanofthePanelhadinvitedthepartiesandthirdpartiesinthisdisputetoofferviewsinrelationtotheamicuscuriaebrieffiled.（美國特別注意到，專家小組主席已邀請爭端各方和第三方就已提交的法庭之友摘要提出意見）可知C選項“專家組邀請第三方就已提交的法庭之友摘要提交他們的意見”符合原文，排除；第四段ThePanelinformedthepartiespriortothefirstmeetingthat:“…thePanelconsidersthatithasthediscretionaryauthorityeithertoacceptandconsiderortorejectinformationandadvicesubmittedtoit…”（專家組在第一次會議之前通知當(dāng)事各方：“……專家組認(rèn)為，它有權(quán)酌情接受和考慮或拒絕提交給它的信息和意見……”）可知D選項“小組在第一次會議之前告知各方其對法庭之友簡報的態(tài)度”符合原文，排除。因此B選項符合題意。

81.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第四段ThePanelinformedthepartiespriortothefirstmeetingthat:“TakingintoaccountthedeterminationsoftheAppellateBodyinUS-Shrimp(WT/DS58/AB/R),thePanelconsidersthatithasthediscretionaryauthorityeithertoacceptandconsiderortorejectinformationandadvicesubmittedtoit,anditwillaccordinglytreatthisbriefasitdeemsappropriate.”（小組在第一次會議前通知當(dāng)事各方：“考慮到上訴機構(gòu)對US-Shrimp案的裁決，專家組認(rèn)為它有權(quán)接受和考慮或拒絕提交給它的信息和建議，因此，它將以它認(rèn)為適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞綄Υ@份摘要?！保┛赏茢喑鲂〗M將會以合適的方式考慮和處理案件摘要，選D選項“小組將酌情處理案情摘要”；A選項“小組認(rèn)為它有接受法庭之友摘要的酌處權(quán)”，B選項“小組認(rèn)為它有拒絕法庭之友摘要的酌處權(quán)”以及C選項“專家組考慮了上訴機構(gòu)對US-Shrimp案法庭之友摘要的意見”都是第四段的片面內(nèi)容，排除。因此D選項符合題意。

82.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文最后一段最后一句Inaddition,totheextentthatoneofthepartieshascitedtheamicuscuriaebrieforcross-referencedtotheexhibitspresentedwithsuchbriefinitsreasoningorresponsestoquestions,theseelementsformpartofthesubmissionsofthatpartyintheseproceedingsandthePaneldeemsappropriaterefertosuchinformationinitsfindings.（此外，如果一方援引法庭之友在其推理或答復(fù)問題時所提交的展品的簡要說明或交叉引用，這些要素構(gòu)成該締約方在這些訴訟中提交的材料的一部分，小組認(rèn)為適當(dāng)時在其調(diào)查結(jié)果中提及這些資料）可知小組認(rèn)為在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r候可以提及這些資料，D選項“小組認(rèn)為在其調(diào)查結(jié)果中提及這類資料是不適當(dāng)?shù)摹焙驮南喾矗项}意，同時可知C選項“如果一方當(dāng)事人在其推理中援引法庭之友的案情摘要，這些要素將構(gòu)成該方陳述書的一部分”符合原文，不符合題意，排除；最后一段第一句ThePanelthereforeconsidersthatithastheauthoritytoconsidertheinformationcontainedintheamicuscuriaebrief,andhasdonesototheextentthatitdeemeditrelevanttotheexaminationoftheclaimbeforeit.（因此，小組認(rèn)為它有權(quán)審議法庭之友摘要中所載的資料，并已在它認(rèn)為與審查其面前的索賠有關(guān)的范圍內(nèi)這樣做了）可知A選項“當(dāng)專員小組認(rèn)為該資料與審查其面前的申索有關(guān)時，專員小組將考慮摘要所載的資料”符合原文，不符合題意，排除；最后一段第二句WherethePanelconsideredtheinformationpresentedinandtheevidenceattachedtotheamicuscuriaebriefrelevant,ithassoughttheviewsofthepartiesinaccordancewiththerequirementsofdueprocess.（在專家組認(rèn)為法庭之友案情摘要中提供的資料和附在其上的證據(jù)相關(guān)的情況下，它已按照正當(dāng)程序的要求征求各方的意見）可知B選項“小組將就法庭之友摘要中所提供的資料和所附的證據(jù)征求當(dāng)事各方的意見”符合原文，不符合題意，排除。因此D選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Whatsheachievedinherresearchmight（

）whatshehadbeenexpecting.

問題1選項

A.exceed

B.exclaim

C.excess

D.extend

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。exceed“超過，勝過”；exclaim“大聲說出”；excess“超過”，名詞；extend“延伸，擴大”。

句意：她在研究中的收獲可能超過她的預(yù)期。選項A符合題意。

4.單選題

Hegaveusan（）consenttotaketheapples,forhesmiledwhenhesawusdoit

問題1選項

A.exaggerated

B.implicit

C.impartial

D.extravagant

【答案】B

【解析】exaggerated夸張的；implicit含蓄的,暗示的；impartial公正的；extravagant奢侈的,浪費的。句意：他默許我們拿走蘋果,因為當(dāng)他看到我們這樣做時,他笑了。選項B符合句意。

5.翻譯題

Asafashionableleisureactivity,travelingisfavoredbyagrowingnumberofpeople.Duetotherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,theimprovementoflivingstandardandthegovernment’ssupportoftourism,travelingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinChina.Travelinghasgraduallybecomeanessentialpartofpeople’sdailylife.Onholidays,numerousChinesetouristswouldswarmintoscenicspotsacrosstheworld.Whentraveling,peoplecanbroadentheirhorizons,enrichtheirknowledgeandappreciatebeautifulnaturallandscapes,whichwouldeventuallyhelptorelaxthemselvesphysicallyandmentally.

【答案】旅游作為一種時尚的休閑活動，為越來越多的人所喜愛。經(jīng)濟的迅猛發(fā)展、生活水平的提高，以及政府對旅游業(yè)的支持使得旅游在中國越來越流行。旅游已逐步成為人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畋夭豢缮俚牟糠?。每逢假期，大批的中國游客就會涌入世界各地的景點。旅游時人們可以開闊視野，增長知識，欣賞大自然的美麗風(fēng)光，最終得以放松身心。

6.單選題

Forprofessionalathletes,（）totheOlympicsmeansthattheyhaveachancetoenterthehistorybook.

問題1選項

A.access

B.attachment

C.appeal

D.approach

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。access“通道，進入，機會”；attachment“附件，依戀”；appeal“呼吁，懇求”；approach“方法，方式”。句意：對于專業(yè)的運動員來說，有機會進去奧林匹克意味著他們有機會進去歷史書。A項符合題意。

7.單選題

Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity.Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren’tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspaceandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecountry.Buthowrealisticisthedream?

Citiescanbefrighteningplaces.Themajorityofthepopulationsliveinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup.Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats.Childrenbecomeaggressiveandnervous—coopedupathomeallday,withnowheretoplay;theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld.Strangelyenough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon’tevensayhellotoeachother.

Countrylife,ontheotherhand,differsfromthiskindofisolatedexistenceinthatasenseofcommunitygenerallybindstheinhabitantsofsmallvillagestogether.Peoplehavetheadvantageofknowingthatthereisalwayssomeonetoturntowhentheyneedhelp.Butcountrylifehasdisadvantagestoo.Whileitistruethatyoumaybeamongfriendsinavillage,itisalsotruethatyouarecutfromtheexcitingandimportanteventsthattakeplaceincities.There’slittlepossibilityofgoingtoanewshoworthelatestmovie.Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown.Thecity-dwellerwholeavesforthecountryisoftenoppressedbyasenseofunbearablestillnessandquiet.

What,then,istheanswer?Thecountryhastheadvantageofpeaceandquiet,butsuffersfromthedisadvantageofbeingcutoff;thecitybreedsafeelingofisolation,andconstantnoisebattersthesenses.Butoneofitsmainadvantagesisthatyouareatthecentrerofthings,andthatlifedoesn’tcometoanendathalfpastnineatnight.Somepeoplehavefound(orratherbought)acompromisebetweenthetwo:theyhaveexpressedtheirpreferenceforthe“quietlife”byleavingthesuburbsandmovingtovillageswithincommutingdistanceoflargecities.Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehindtheyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangesandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.

Whatthenofmydreamsofleaningonacottagegateandmurmuring“morning”tothelocalsastheypassby.I’mkeenontheidea,butyouseethere’smycat,Toby.I’mnotatallsurethathewouldtaketoallthatfreshairandexerciseinthelonggrass.Imean,canyouseehimmixingwithallthosehealthymalesdownthefarm?No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening.

1.Wegettheimpressionfromthefirstparagraphthattheauthor（

）.

2.Intheauthor’sopinionthefollowingmaycausecitypeopletobeunhappyEXCEPT（

）.

3.ThepassageimpliesthatitiseasytobuythefollowingthingsinthecountryEXCEPT（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribesthosepeoplewhoworkinlargecitiesandliveinvillages?

5.Doyouthinktheauthorwillmovetothecountry?

問題1選項

A.usedtoliveinthecountry

B.usedtoworkinthecity

C.worksinthecity

D.livesinthecountry

問題2選項

A.astrongsenseoffear

B.lackofcommunication

C.housingconditions

D.asenseofisolation

問題3選項

A.dailynecessities

B.freshfruits

C.designerclothes

D.freshvegetables

問題4選項

A.Original.

B.Quiet.

C.Arrogant.

D.Insensitive.

問題5選項

A.Yes,hewilldoso

B.No,hewillnotdoso

C.Itisdifficulttotell

D.Heisintwominds

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段:Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity(我是眾多城市人中的一員，如果要做選擇的話，我們寧愿住在遠離大城市的塵土和噪音的鄉(xiāng)村)。說明作者是在城里工作。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。定位至第二段。Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappear,peopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon’tevensayhellotoeachother,由此推測B項(lackofcommunication)是原因之一。Themajorityofthepopulationliveinmassivetowerblocks，noisy,dirtyandimpersonal,,Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats,由此推測C項(housingconditions)也是原因之一。Children,，coopedupathomeallday，，theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld，由此推測D項(asenseofisolation)也是原因之一。故選A。

3.推斷題。第三段指出:Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown(住在一個小村莊里，購物是一個大問題，即使只是稍微特別的物品，人們也必須到附近大城鎮(zhèn)去買),由此推測在鄉(xiāng)村不容易買到的東西應(yīng)是designerclothes。

4.推斷題。第四段說:Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind—theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangesandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.’即他們一般還是比較敏感的...他們也把某些改變強加給當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)村居民。故選C項Arrogant（驕橫的）比較合適。

5.推斷題。最后一段:I’mkeenontheidea...No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening,作者說他一點也不確定他的貓會接受新鮮空氣，在長草中鍛煉,并且在后面用貓來作了否定的答復(fù)。由此推測作者不會去農(nóng)村生活。

8.單選題

Doingresearchwillbemucheasierifyouhavesomeonetobounceideasoffandtogiveyou（

）intheentireprocess.

問題1選項

A.reward

B.insurance

C.interest

D.feedback

【答案】D

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。reward“報酬”；insurance“津貼”；interest“興趣；利息；利益”；feedback“反饋”。句意：如果有人能夠給你出主意，并給你反饋，那么研究起來就容易多了。選項D符合題意。

9.單選題

Sexandviolenceontelevisionarecalled（

）bypeoplewhofeelthattheyservenopurposeotherthantoimproveratings.

問題1選項

A.gratified

B.gratuity

C.ingratiating

D.gratuitous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項gratified“稱心的”；B選項gratuity“賞錢；小費”，名詞；C選項ingratiating“討好的；逢迎的”；D選項gratuitous“無理由的；無端的”。句意：電視上的性和暴力被認(rèn)為它們除了提高收視率沒有任何作用的人稱之為……。C選項符合題意。

10.單選題

Whichissafer-stayingathome,travelingtoworkonpublictransport,orworkingintheoffice?Surprisingly,eachofthesecarriesthesamerisk,whichisverylow.However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!Infact,theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome.

Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.Fortunately,theyareextremelyrare.ThemostfamousoneshappenedatTexasCity(1947),Flixborough(1974),Seveso(1976),Pemex(1984)andBhopal(1984).

Someofthesearealwaysinthemindsofthepeopleeventhoughthelossoflifewassmall.NoonediedatSeveso,andonly28workersatFlixborough.TheworstaccidentofallwasBhopal,whereupto3,000werekilled.TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.ThePemexfireatastorageplantfornaturalgasinthesuburbsofMexicoCitytook542lives,justamonthbeforetheunfortunateeventatBhopal.

Someexpertshavediscussedtheseaccidentsandusedeachaccidenttoillustrateaparticulardanger.ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate(硝酸銨),whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity.TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.ThePemexfirewasmadeworsebyanoverloadedsiteinanovercrowdedsuburb.Thefiresetoffachainreactionofexplodingstoragetanks.Yet,byamiracle,thetwolargesttanksdidnotexplode.Hadthesecaughtfire,then3,000strongrescueteamandfirefighterswouldallhavedied.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Chemicalaccidentsareusuallyimportantenoughtobereportedasnewsbecause（）.

3.Accordingtopassage,thechemicalaccidentthatcausedbythefaultofmanagementhappenedat（）.

4.Fromthepassageweknowthatammoniumnitrateisakindof（）.

5.Fromthediscussionamongsomeexpertswemayconcludethat（）.

問題1選項

A.Workingattheofficeissaferthanstayingathome.

B.Travellingtoworkonpublictransportissaferthanworkingattheoffice.

C.Stayingathomeissaferthanworkinginthechemicalindustry.

D.Workinginthechemicalindustryissaferthantravelingbyair.

問題2選項

A.theyareveryrare

B.theyoftencauselossoflife

C.theyalwaysoccurinbigcities

D.theyarousetheinterestofallthereaders

問題3選項

A.Texascity

B.Flixborough

C.Seveso

D.MexicoCity

問題4選項

A.naturalgas,whichcaneasilycatchfire

B.fertilizer,whichcan’tbestoredinagreatquantity

C.poisonoussubstance,whichcan’tbeusedinovercrowdedareas

D.fuel,whichisstoredinlargetanks

問題5選項

A.toavoidanyaccidentsweshouldnotrepairthefacilitiesinchemicalindustry

B.thelocalauthoritiesshouldnotbeconcernedwiththeproductionofthechemicalindustry

C.alltheseaccidentscouldhavebeenavoidedorcontrolledifeffectivemeasurehadbeentaken

D.naturalgasstoredinverylargetanksisalwayssafe

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由D選項關(guān)鍵詞“chemicalindustry”可以定位到文章第一段第三、四句However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!（然而，坐飛機和在化工行業(yè)工作相比怎么樣呢？不幸的是，前者的風(fēng)險是后者的65倍?。?，說明在化工行業(yè)工作比坐飛機更安全。因此D選項“在化工行業(yè)工作比坐飛機更安全?！闭_。A選項“在辦公室工作比待在家里更安全”，B選項“乘公共交通工具去上班比在辦公室工作更安全”，由原文可知待在家里、乘坐公共交通工具上班和在辦公室工作的風(fēng)險是相同的，沒有誰比誰更安全，所以A，B錯誤。由第一段最后一句theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome（化工行業(yè)工人的事故率比幾乎任何人類活動都要低，幾乎和待在家里一樣安全），說明化工行業(yè)和待在家里一樣安全，所以C選項“待在家里比在化工行業(yè)工作更安全”錯誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“reportedasnews”可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.（化工行業(yè)的問題是，一旦出現(xiàn)問題，往往會導(dǎo)致附近居民死亡。這也使得化學(xué)事故具有新聞價值。），說明新聞報道化學(xué)事故是因為它們會導(dǎo)致人員死亡。因此B選項“它們經(jīng)常造成生命損失”正確。A選項“它們非常罕見”，C選項“它們總是發(fā)生在大城市”，D選項“它們引起了所有讀者的興趣”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“faultofmanagement”可以定位到文章第四段第三句TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.（弗利克斯伯勒的火災(zāi)是管理層的失誤造成的，因為他們冒著風(fēng)險在重要維修期間繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)。），說明由管理失誤造成的化學(xué)事故發(fā)生在弗利克斯伯勒。因此B選項“弗利克斯伯勒”正確。A選項“得克薩斯城”，C選項“塞維索”和D選項“墨西哥城”的事故不是因為管理失誤，所以A，C，D錯誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“ammoniumnitrate”可以定位到文章第四段第二句ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate,whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity.（因此，得克薩斯城的爆炸是由數(shù)噸硝酸銨引起的，大量儲存硝酸銨是不安全的。），說明硝酸銨不能大量儲存，另外文章第三段第四句TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.（得克薩斯城的肥料爆炸造成552人死亡。）說明造成得克薩斯城爆炸事故的硝酸銨是一種肥料。因此B選項“不能大量儲存的化學(xué)肥料”正確。A選項“天然氣，很容易著火”是墨西哥城火災(zāi)事故的原因，C選項“有毒物質(zhì)，不能在人滿為患地區(qū)使用”，由文章可知塞維索的事故是毒氣造成的，D選項“燃料，它被儲存在大的油箱里”在文中沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯誤。

5.推理判斷題。由A選項關(guān)鍵詞“repair”可以定位到文章第四段第三句TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.（弗利克斯伯勒的火災(zāi)是管理層的失誤造成的，因為他們冒著風(fēng)險在重要維修期間繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)。），說明維修設(shè)備很重要，不能冒著風(fēng)險在維修設(shè)備時繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)。因此A選項“為了避免事故，我們不應(yīng)該維修化工設(shè)施”錯誤。由B選項關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ocalauthorities”可以定位到文章第四段第四、五句TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.（塞維索事故表明，如果地方當(dāng)局對其家門口的危險缺乏了解，將會發(fā)生什么。當(dāng)毒氣飄過城鎮(zhèn)上空時，當(dāng)?shù)仡I(lǐng)導(dǎo)無法采取有效行動。），說明地方當(dāng)局需要了解當(dāng)?shù)鼗どa(chǎn)的情況。因此B選項“地方當(dāng)局不應(yīng)關(guān)心化學(xué)工業(yè)的生產(chǎn)”錯誤。由D選項關(guān)鍵詞“tanks”可以定位到第四段倒數(shù)第三句Thefiresetoffachainreactionofexplodingstoragetanks.（大火引起儲存罐爆炸的連鎖反應(yīng)。），說明儲存罐里的天然氣也會發(fā)生氣體爆炸的事故。因此D選項“儲存在大型儲罐中的天然氣總是安全的”錯誤。第四段列舉了各種原因引發(fā)的事故，同時也相對應(yīng)采取的措施，因此C選項“如果采取有效措施，所有這些事故都是可以避免或控制的”正確。

11.單選題

Thewealthofacountryshouldbe（

）thehealthandhappinessofitspeoplemeasuredaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

問題1選項

A.inlinewith

B.intermsof

C.inregardwith

D.bymeansof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項inlinewith“跟……一致，符合”；B選項intermsof“根據(jù)”；C選項inregardof“關(guān)于……，至于……”；D選項bymeansof“用，依靠”。根據(jù)measured（判斷）可知B選項符合語境。句意：衡量一個國家的財富要根據(jù)它的人民的健康和幸福，以及它可以提供的物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品。

12.問答題

Manyoftoday'syoungpeoplehaveadifficulttimeseeinganymoraldimensiontotheiractions.Thereareanumberofreasonswhythat'strue,butnonemoreprominentthanafailedsystemofeducationthateschewsteachingchildrenthetraditionalmoralvaluesthatbindAmericanstogetherasasocietyandaculture.Thatfailedapproach,called"decision-making",wasintroducedinschools25yearsago.Ittellschildrent