考研考博-英語-南通大學(xué)杏林學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南通大學(xué)杏林學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Environmentalissuesraiseahostofdifficultethicalquestions,includingtheancientoneofthenatureofintrinsicvalue.Whereasmanyphilosophersinthepasthaveagreedthathumanexperienceshaveintrinsicvalueandtheutilitariansatleasthavealwaysacceptedthatthepleasuresandpainsofnonhumananimalsareofsomeintrinsicsignificance,thisdoesnotshowwhyitissobadifdodosbecomeextinctorarainforestiscutdown.Arethesethingstoberegrettedonlybecauseofthelosstohumansorothersentientcreatures?Oristheremoretoitthanthat?Somephilosophersarenowpreparedtodefendtheviewthattrees,rivers,species(consideredapartfromtheindividualanimalsofwhichtheyconsist),andperhapsecologicalsystemsasawholehaveavalueindependentoftheinstrumentalvaluetheymayhaveforhumansorothersentientcreatures.

Ourconcernfortheenvironmentalsoraisesthequestionofourobligationstofuturegenerations.Howmuchdoweowetothefuture?Fromasocialcontractviewofethicsorfortheethicalegoist,theanswerwouldseemtobe:nothing.Forwecanbenefitthem,buttheyareunabletoreciprocate.Mostotherethicaltheories,however,dogiveweighttotheinterestsofcominggenerations.Utilitarians,forone,wouldnotthinkthatthefactthatmembersoffuturegenerationsdonotexistyetisanyreasonforgivinglessconsiderationtotheirintereststhanwegivetoourown,providedonlythatwearecertainthattheywillexistandwillhaveintereststhatwillbeaffectedbywhatwedo.Inthecaseof,say,thestorageofradioactivewastes,itseemsclearthatwhatwedowillindeedaffecttheinterestsofgenerationstocome.

Thequestionbecomesmuchmorecomplex,however,whenweconsiderthatwecanaffectthesizeoffuturegenerationsbythepopulationpolicieswechooseandtheextenttowhichweencouragelargeorsmallfamilies.Mostenvironmentalistsbelievethattheworldisalreadydangerouslyovercrowded.Thismaywellbeso,butthenotionofoverpopulationconcealsaphilosophicalissuethatisingeniouslyexploredbyDerekParfitinReasonsandPersons(1984).Whatisoptimumpopulation?Isitthatpopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible?Orisitthesizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfare—theaveragemultipliedbythenumberofpeople—isasgreataspossible?Bothanswersleadtocounterintuitiveoutcomes,andthequestionremainsoneofthemostbafflingmysteriesinappliedethics.

1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout（）.

2.Weowenothingtothefuturegenerations（）.

3.Populationpolicywetakeshouldbeconsidered（）.

4.Accordingtothispassage,optimumpopulation（）.

5.Thepropertitleforthispassageshouldbe（）.

問題1選項

A.theintrinsicvalueofhumanexperiences

B.theintrinsicvalueoftheexperiencesofnonhumananimals

C.theintrinsicvalueofecologicalsystemasawhole

D.anancientethicalquestionaboutthenatureofintrinsicvalue

問題2選項

A.intheauthor’sopinion

B.fromasocialcontractviewofethics

C.forautilitarian

D.formostenvironmentalists

問題3選項

A.positive

B.negative

C.complex

D.reasonable

問題4選項

A.referstothepopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible

B.referstothepopulationsizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfarewillbeasgreataspossible

C.isadifficultphilosophicalissuewhichremainstoberesolvedinthefuture

D.isadifficultphilosophicalissuewhichDerekParfithassuccessfullysettledinReasonsandPersons

問題5選項

A.AMysteryinAppliedEthics

B.OurObligationstoFutureGenerations

C.EnvironmentalEthics

D.Environmentalissues

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干：第一段主要是關(guān)于_______。A選項“人類經(jīng)歷的內(nèi)在價值”，B選項“非人類動物經(jīng)歷的內(nèi)在價值”，C選項“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)作為一個整體的內(nèi)在價值”，D選項“一個關(guān)于內(nèi)在價值本質(zhì)的古老倫理問題”,前三個選項在第一段中都有提到，但并不是主要問題的所在，而第四個選項，在第二句話中就點了出來，前三個選項是第四個選項的展開說明，故D是正確答案。

2.推理判斷題。題干：我們不欠后代任何東西________。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“oweto”“futuregenerations”可以定位到文章第二段第三句話Fromasocialcontractviewofethicsorfortheethicalegoist,theanswerwouldseemtobe:nothing.（從倫理學(xué)的社會契約觀點或道德自我主義者的角度來看，答案似乎是：什么都不虧欠。），可知，B選項“倫理學(xué)的社會契約觀點”，是正確的。文章并沒有提及作者個人觀點，所以A選項“在作者的觀點看來”排除。從文章第二段第五句話Mostotherethicaltheories,however,dogiveweighttotheinterestsofcominggenerations.Utilitarians,forone,wouldnotthinkthatthefactthatmembersoffuturegenerationsdonotexistyetisanyreasonforgivinglessconsiderationtotheirintereststhanwegivetoourown.（然而，其他大多數(shù)倫理理論確實考慮到了后代的利益。舉例來說，功利主義者不會認為，后代成員還不存在這一事實，是我們對后代利益的考慮少于我們對自己利益考慮的任何理由。），所以C選項“功利主義者”排除。環(huán)境保護主義者也認為，我們應(yīng)該為后代考慮，所以D選線項“環(huán)境保護主義者”排除。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項。

3.事實細節(jié)題。題干：我們采取的人口政策被認為是_______。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“populationpolicy”可以定位到文章第三段，第一句話明確指出Thequestionbecomesmuchmorecomplex,however（然而，問題會變得越來越復(fù)雜），所以本題的正確答案是C選項。

4.細節(jié)推理題。題干：根據(jù)文章，最適宜的人口數(shù)量_________。文章第三段后半部分提出了最合適的人口數(shù)量的問題。用兩個問句提出對這一問題的兩種可能的答案，即Isitthatpopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible?Orisitthesizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfare—theaveragemultipliedbythenumberofpeople—isasgreataspossible?(是在人口規(guī)模上，平均福利水平會盡可能高嗎？或者是總福利的規(guī)模——平均乘以人口的數(shù)量——盡可能大？)，并在結(jié)尾的最后一句話中指出，andthequestionremainsoneofthemostbafflingmysteriesinappliedethics.（這一問題仍是應(yīng)用倫理學(xué)中最令人不解的謎之一。），其意就是仍有待于將來解決，所以C選項“這是一個只能留到將來解決哲學(xué)問題”是正確答案。A選項“最適宜的人口數(shù)量指平均福利水平盡可能高的人口規(guī)?！?，B選項“最適宜的人口數(shù)量指福利總額最大的人口規(guī)?！保珹，B選項都是文章提出的問題，未被證實，所以不正確，D選項“最適宜的人口數(shù)量是一個困難的哲學(xué)問題，德里克?帕菲特在《理性與人》中成功地解決了這個問題”德里克?帕菲特只是在書中提到Whatisoptimumpopulation?但是并沒有解決，所以D選項不正確，綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項。

5.主旨大意題。題干：最適合文章的標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是________。本文主要討論的并不是環(huán)境問題，而是由環(huán)境問題而引出的道德問題，A選項“應(yīng)用道德中的謎”是最后一段提到的，B選項是“我們對下一代的責(zé)任”是第二段提到的，二者都不足以代表整篇文章的思想內(nèi)容。所以本題的正確答案應(yīng)該是C選項“環(huán)境倫理”。

2.單選題

Ayoungmanseesasunsetand,unabletounderstandorexpresstheemotionthatit（

）inhim,concludesthatitmustbethegatewaytoaworldthatliesbeyond.

問題1選項

A.reflects

B.retains

C.radiates

D.rouses

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項reflect“反射（光、熱、聲或影像）”；B選項retain“保持”；C選項radiate“輻射，發(fā)射”；D選項rouse“喚醒，激起（某種情感）”。句中的it指代前面的sunset，根據(jù)語境，可知選D，表示“theemotionthatitrouses（日落激起的情感）”。句意：一個年輕人看到日落，無法理解或表達它在他心中激起的情感，他得出結(jié)論，日落想必是通往遙遠世界的大門。

3.單選題

Theteachersuggestedthatherstudents（）experienceswithESP.

問題1選項

A.writeacompositionontheir

B.towritecompositionaboutthe

C.wrotesomecompositionsofhisorher

D.hadwrittenanycompositionsforhis考查虛擬語氣。表示建議、要求、命令相關(guān)的單詞+that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，從句要用虛擬語氣。其形式是should（可以省略）+動詞原形。句意：老師建議她的學(xué)生寫一篇關(guān)于他們有關(guān)ESP經(jīng)歷的作文。所以本題的正確答案是A選項。

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。表示建議、要求、命令相關(guān)的單詞+that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，從句要用虛擬語氣。其形式是should（可以省略）+動詞原形。句意：老師建議她的學(xué)生寫一篇關(guān)于他們有關(guān)ESP經(jīng)歷的作文。所以本題的正確答案是A選項。

4.單選題

Withtheconstantchangeoftheconditions,theoutcomeisnotalways（）.

問題1選項

A.favorable

B.predictable

C.dependable

D.reasonable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項favorable“有利的，良好的”；B選項predictable“可預(yù)測的”；C選項dependable“可靠的，可信賴的”；D選項reasonable“合理的”。句意：隨著環(huán)境的不斷變化，結(jié)果并不總是可以預(yù)測的。選項B符合語境。

5.翻譯題

Thecarrot-and-sticktheoryofmotivation(likeNewtonianphysicaltheory)worksreasonablywellundercertaincircumstances.1.Themeansforsatisfyingman’sphysiologicaland(withinlimits),hissafetyneedscanbeprovidedorwithheldbymanagement.Employmentitselfissuchameansandsoarewages,workingconditionsandbenefits.Bythesemeanstheindividualcanbecontrolledsolongasheisstrugglingforsubsistence.

Butthecarrot-and-sticktheorydoesnotworkatalloncemanhasreachedanadequatesubsistencelevelandismotivatedprimarilybyhigherneeds.Managementcannotprovideamanwithself-respectorwiththerespectofhisfellows,orwiththesatisfactionofneedsforself-fulillment.2.Itcancreatesuchconditionsthatheisencouragedandenabledtoseeksuchsatisfactionsforhimself,oritcanthwarthimbyfailingtocreatethoseconditions.

Butthiscreationofconditionsisnot“control”.Itisnotagooddevicefordirectingbehavior.

Andsomanagementfindsitselfinanoddposition.Thehighstandardoflivingcreatedbyourmoderntechnologicalknow-howprovidesquiteadequatelyforthesatisfactionofphysiologicalandsafelyneeds.Theonlysignificantexceptioniswheremanagementpracticeshavenotcreatedconfidenceina“fairbreak”andthuswheresafetyneedsarethwarted.3.Butbymakingpossible

thesatisfactionoflow-levelneeds,managementhasdepriveditselfoftheabilitytouseasmotivatorsthedevicesonwhichconventionaltheoryhastaughtittorely-rewards,promises,incentives,orthreatsandothercoercivedevices.

4.Thephilosophyofmanagementbydirectionandcontrol—regardlessofwhetheritishardorsoft—isinadequatetomotivatebecausethehumanneedsonwhichthisapproachreliesaretodayunimportantmotivatorsofbehavior.Directionandcontrolareessentiallyuselessinmotivatingpeoplewhoseimportantneedsaresocialandegoistic.Boththehardandthesoftapproachfailtodaybecausetheyaresimplyirrelevanttothesituation.5.People,deprivedofopportunitiestosatisfyatworktheneedswhicharenowimportanttothem,behaveexactlyaswerightpredictwithindolence,passivity,resistancetochange,lackofresponsibility,willingnesstofollowthedemagogue,unreasonabledemandsforeconomicbenefits.Itwouldseemthatwearecaughtinawebofourownweaving.

【答案】1.【參考譯文】這是滿足人的生理和（在一定限度內(nèi)）安全需要的手段，可以由管理部門提供，也可以不提供。就業(yè)本身就是一種手段，工資、工作條件和福利也是如此。通過這些手段，只要一個人在為生存而掙扎，他就可以被控制。

2.【參考譯文】它可以創(chuàng)造這樣的條件，鼓勵并使他能夠為自己尋求這樣的滿足，也可以通過不創(chuàng)造這些條件來阻撓他。

3.【參考譯文】但是，通過滿足低層需求，管理者喪失了使用激勵器的能力，而傳統(tǒng)理論已將其作為獎勵、承諾、激勵或威脅以及其他強制性手段所依賴的手段。

4.【參考譯文】不管是硬還是軟，通過方向和控制進行管理的哲學(xué)都無法激發(fā)人們的積極性，因為如今這種方法所依賴的人類需求已不再是行為的重要推動者。

5.【參考譯文】人們被剝奪了在工作中滿足現(xiàn)在對他們來說很重要的需求的機會，他們表現(xiàn)得恰如我們所預(yù)料的那樣，表現(xiàn)為懶惰、消極、抵制變革、缺乏責(zé)任感、樂于追隨煽動者、對經(jīng)濟利益的不合理要求。

6.單選題

（）peoplewhofindmeaningintheirworkaregenerally—productive,supportivecoworkersandpromoteworkplaceharmony.

問題1選項

A.Self-important

B.Self-declared

C.Self-conscious

D.Self-motivated

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。self-important“妄自尊大的，高傲的”；self-declared“自命的，自稱的”；self-conscious“自覺的，自發(fā)的”；self-motivated“自我激勵的，有上進心的”。句意：有上進心的人往往能在工作中找到意義，他們通常富有創(chuàng)造力，樂于幫助同事，營造和諧的工作氛圍。選項D符合題意。

7.單選題

Togovernistochoosehowtherevenueraisedfromtaxesisspent.Sofarsogood,orbad.Butsomepeopleearnmoremoneythanothers.Shouldtheypayproportionatelymoremoneytothegovernmentthanthosewhoearnless?Andiftheydopaymoremoneyaretheyentitledtomoreservicesthanthosewhopaylessorthosewhopaynothingatall?Andshouldthosewhopaynothingatallbecausetheyhavenothinggetanything?Thesemattersareofirritableconcerntoourrulers,andofsomepoignancytotherest.

AlthoughtheequalityofeachcitizenbeforethelawistherockuponwhichtheAmeri-canConstitutionrests,economicequalityhasneverbeenanAmericanideal.Infact,itistheoneunmentionablesubjectinourpolitics,asthesenatorfromSouthDakotarecentlydiscoveredwhenhecameupwithafewquasi-egalitariantaxreforms.ThefuriousandenduringterrorofCommunisminAmericaisnotentirelytheworkofthoseearlycoldwarriorsTrumanandAcheson.Adislikeofeconomicequalityissomethingdeep-grainedintheAmericanProtestantcharacter.Afterall,givenarichemptycontinentforvigorousEuropeanstoexploit,anymanofgumptioncouldmakehimselfagoodliving.Withextrahardwork,anymancouldmakehimselfafortune,provingthathewasabettermanthantherest.LongbeforeDarwintheAmericanethoswasDarwinian.

ThevisionoftherichemptycontinentisstillapartoftheAmericanunconsciousinspiteoftheGreatCrowdinganditsattendantmiseries;andthislingeringbeliefthatintheheavenanymancanmakeforhimselfthroughhardworkandcleanlivingisakeytothemajority’sprevailingandapparentlyunalterablehatredofthepoor,keptoutofsightathome,outofmindabroad.

Yettherehasbeen,fromthebeginning,asignificantdivisioninourrulingclass.TheearlyThomasJeffersonhadadream:asocietyofhonestveomen,engagedinagriculturalpursuits,withoutlargecities,heavyindustry,banks,militarypretensions.Theearly(andthelate)AlexanderHamiltonwantedindustry,bankscitiesandamilitaryforcecapableofmakingitselffeltinworldpolitics.Itisaniceironythatsomanyoftoday’slaissez-faireconservativesthinkthattheydescendfromHamilton,theproponentofastrongfederalgovernment,andthatsomanyliberalsbelievethemselvestobetheheirsoftheearlyJefferson,whowantedlittlemorethanapoliceforceandajudiciary.Alwayspractical,Jeffersonknewthatcertainmenwouldrisethroughtheirowngoodeffortswhile,sadly,otherswouldfall.GovernmentwoulddonomorethanobservethisDarwinianspectaclebenignly,andprovidenosuccor.

In1800theHamitonianviewwasrejectedbythepeopleandtheirnewPresidentThomasJefferson.Fouryearslater,theHamiltonianviewhadprevailedandwasendorsedbythereelectedJefferson.Between1800and1805Jeffersonhadseentoitthatanempireinpossehadbecomeanempireinesse.ThedifferencebetweenJeffersonIandJeffersonIIisreflectedinthetwoinauguraladdresses.

ItissignificantthatnothingmoreelevatedthangreedchangedtheDr.JekyllofJeffersonIintotheMr.HydeofJeffersonII.Likehislessthoughtfulcountrymen,Jeffersoncouldnotresistadeal.SubvertingtheConstitutionhehadhelpedcreate,JeffersonboughtLouisianafromNapoleon,acquiringitscitizenswithouttheirconsents.TheauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependencewasquiteabletoforgettheunalienablerightsofanyonewhosepropertyhethoughtshouldbejoinedtoourempire—awordwhichcropsupfrequentlyandunselfconsciouslyinhiscorrespondence.

Inthecourseofland-grabbing,JeffersonIImanagedtogethimselfintohotwaterwithFrance,England,andSpainsimultaneously，afairlyastonishingthingtodoconsideringthestateofpoliticsinNapoleonicEurope.

1.TheauthorbelievesthatAmericans

（

）.

2.Fromthepassage,wemayassumethatthesenatorfromSouthDakota

（

）.

3.Jeffersonmadeitpossiblefor

（

）.

4.Jefferson’searlypoliticalwritingsespousedwhatwouldtodaybecalled

（

）.

5.TheauthorholdsthatJefferson’spurchaseoftheLouisianaterritories（

）.

問題1選項

A.stillbelieveAmericatobelargelyunpopulated

B.largelybelieveinlowertaxation

C.areinfavoroftaxationwithoutrepresentation

D.shouldreconsidertheLouisianapurchase

問題2選項

A.opposedtaxreform

B.wasThomasJefferson

C.failedinhisattempttoreformtaxlaw

D.wasAlexanderHamilton

問題3選項

A.apotentialempiretobecomearealone

B.taxlawstoreflectthewillofthepeople

C.France,England,andSpaintosimultaneouslyvacillateupontheirmutualfeelingstowardstheUnitedStates.

D.Darwiniansocialtheoriestobeacceptedwithoutquestion

問題4選項

A.collectivism

B.libertarianism

C.socialism

D.liberalism

問題5選項

A.maybeseenasahypocriticalact

B.rigorouslyheldwithhispreviousviewsofinalienablerights

C.cannotbeseenasanactofempire-expansion

D.wasanactmeanttolowertaxesandimprovethewealthofthenation

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.觀點態(tài)度題。文章第三段中提到“ThevisionoftherichemptycontinentisstillapartoftheAmericanunconsciousinspiteoftheGreatCrowdinganditsattendantmiseries”，說明在美國人無意識的想象中，他們所處的大陸依然是富饒而空無的。因此A選項“仍然相信美國大部分地區(qū)無人居住”符合題意。

第2題:2.事實細節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段，文中提到“…economicequalityhasneverbeenanAmericanideal.Infact,itistheoneunmentionablesubjectinourpolitics,asthesenatorfromSouthDakotarecentlydiscoveredwhenhecameupwithafewquasi-egalitariantaxreforms.”由此可知，美國人的理想中從未包括經(jīng)濟平等，這是政治上一個難以啟齒的話題，而這些是這個參議員在他提出幾項類似平等的稅收改革時發(fā)現(xiàn)的。由此可以推斷，參議員的稅收改革失敗了，C選項符合題意。

第3題:3.事實細節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第五段，文中提到“Between1800and1805Jeffersonhadseentoitthatanempireinpossehadbecomeanempireinesse”，杰斐遜注意到，一個潛在的帝國已經(jīng)成為一個真正的帝國。A選項符合題意。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。文章第六段中提到“TheauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependencewasquiteabletoforgettheunalienablerightsofanyonewhosepropertyhethoughtshouldbejoinedtoourempire—awordwhichcropsupfrequentlyandunselfconsciouslyinhiscorrespondence.”《獨立宣言》的作者杰斐遜完全忘記了公民的不可剝奪的權(quán)利，在著作《獨立宣言》時卻把這一點放在最重要的地位，那就是liberalism“自由主義”。因此D選項符合題意。

第5題:5.觀點態(tài)度題。由題干定位到文章第六段，“SubvertingtheConstitutionhehadhelpedcreate,JeffersonboughtLouisianafromNapoleon,acquiringitscitizenswithouttheirconsents.TheauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependencewasquiteabletoforgettheunalienablerightsofanyonewhosepropertyhethoughtshouldbejoinedtoourempire—awordwhichcropsupfrequentlyandunselfconsciouslyinhiscorrespondence”，杰斐遜推翻了他幫助制定的憲法，從拿破侖那買下了路易斯安那州，忘記了公民不可剝奪的權(quán)利······。作者認為這“被看作一種偽善的行為”，A選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Our（

）withthePresidentattheairportwasexciting.

問題1選項

A.arrival

B.encounter

C.endeavor

D.refreshment

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)句意:我們在機場偶遇總統(tǒng),這真的令人激動不已。只有選項B符合句意。

9.單選題

Sincethepackagewas（

）

,thedamagewaspaidfor.

問題1選項

A.ensured

B.insured

C.assured

D.promised

【答案】B

【解析】句意:因為包裹投了保險，所以損失已經(jīng)賠償了。只有選項B表示被保險，所以正確。

10.單選題

Hertalkattheseminarclearly（）fromthetopicthesupervisorexpectedinthefieldof

sociology.

問題1選項

A.alternated

B.amplified

C.designated

D.diverged

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。句意:她的發(fā)言明顯與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)期望的在社會學(xué)領(lǐng)域的主題（）。Divergedfrom為固定搭配，意為“背道而馳；背離”。

11.單選題

Billisanexampleofaseverelydisabledpersonwhohasbecome（）atmanysurvivalskills.

問題1選項

A.proficient

B.persistent

C.consistent

D.sufficient

【答案】A

【解析】proficient精通的,熟練的;persistent持續(xù)的;consistent連續(xù)的,一致的;sufficient足夠的。句意：嚴(yán)重殘疾的人也能夠掌握很多生存證明,比爾就是其中的例證。

12.單選題

Itwasthetrainingthathehadasayoungman______madehimsuchagoodengineer.

問題1選項

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.who

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語從句和強調(diào)句型。該句的第一個that引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，做hehad的賓語，因此空格處應(yīng)填that從而構(gòu)成強調(diào)句型。陳述句的強調(diào)句型為Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語）+that/who（當(dāng)強調(diào)主語且主語指人）+其他部分。該句強調(diào)部分是物，因此用that。句意：正是他年輕時所受的訓(xùn)練使他成為如此優(yōu)秀的工程師。因此C選項正確。

13.單選題

Marry（

）myletter;otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.

問題1選項

A.hasreceived

B.oughttohavereceived

C.couldn'thavereceived

D.shouldn’thavereceived

【答案】C

【解析】句意:瑪麗應(yīng)該沒有收到我的信，不然她應(yīng)該己經(jīng)給我回信的。

語法題?？疾樘摂M語氣。由關(guān)鍵信息otherwise(否則)可知“Marrymyletter”表示對過去的推測。故選C,couldn’thavedone表示對過去某事的否定猜測。

14.單選題

TheReader'sDigestinvestigationaskedAmericanswhichwasthebiggestthreattothenation'sfuture--bigbusiness,biglabororbiggovernment.Awhopping67percentreplied"biggovernment".Thatisabigchangeover40yearsago.A1954OpinionResearchCorp.Pollfoundthatonly16percentofAmericansindictedbiggovernment,giventhesamethreechoices.Ina1965Gallupsurvey,thosebelievingbiggovernmenttobetheproblemhadrisento35percent;by1985,to50percent.

Now(1995)twoofthreeAmericansfearbiggovernment.Opinionresearchersrarelyseesuchavastchangeinpublicattitude.Whenputinhistoricalperspective,fromthetimeofFranklinRoosevelt’sNewDealtothepresent,thefallenstatusofgovernmentasaprotectorandbenefactorisextraordinary.We'vereturnedtotheinstinctiveAmericanwarinessofWashingtonsocommonbeforetheGreatDepression.

Inourpoll,takenbeforetheNovemberelections,theoverwhelmingmajorityofourrespondentswantedtostoporrollbacktheimpactofgovernment.InanswertoanotherquestionposedbyTheDigest,79percentsaidtheywantedeithernomorethanthecurrentlevelofgovernmentservicesandtaxes,orlessgovernmentandlowertaxes.

"Itseemstomethatweinthemiddleclassbearmostoftheburden,"saysJoNellNorman,61,anurseinDyersburg,Tenn.,whooftenwondersaboutthegovernment'sjudgmentinspendinghermoney.

OfAmericansinoursample,62percentbelievethatpoliticians’ethicsandhonestyhavefallen.AndwhataboutCongress?Isitdoingagoodjob?Ordomembers"spendmoretimethinkingabouttheirpoliticalfuturesthanpassinggoodlegislation?'

Acrossgenerations,athumping89percentthoughtthelatter."Congressalwaysseemstobescrewingup,"saysoneyoungXer.

However,Americansaresatisfiedwiththeirownlivesandjobs.Fouroffiverespondentswere"completely"or"somewhat"satisfied.Thefiguresheldupacrossallages-includingXers,whommanypunditshaveclaimedarepessimisticabouttheirfuture.

KeithUnderbill,22,ofFridley,Minn.,findshisjobasatelephoneoperatorforacataloguecompany"notchallenging,notdifficult"butstill"satisfyingbecauseoftheincome."Heseesitasaspringboardtobiggerthings."Ihopetostartmyownbusinesssomeday,somethinginfinance."Lookingdeeperatjobs,wefound70percentofAmericansbelievetheyareaboutwheretheyshouldbe,giventheirtalentsandeffort.Thisisanissuewhereagealwaysmakesadifference,sinceolderpeople,whoaremoreestablishedintheirjobs,tendtobemoresatisfied,whileyoungerworkersarestilltryingtofindtherightniche.Sureenough,Xersscored65percent,aboutfivepointsbelowaverage.

1.Thesurveyhasrevealedthatinthe40yearsthepublicfaithintheAmericangovernmenthasdroppedby（

）.

2.TheU.S.governmentstatusinthepublicmindbeforetheGreatDepression

（

）.

3.Itisclearthatthepeople'sgreatdislikeforthegovernmentisrelatedwith

（

）.

4."Politicalfuture"inParagraph5maymean

（

）.

5.Olderpeopleareunlikelytochangetheirjobssooftensince（

）.

問題1選項

A.67percent

B.51percent

C.35percent

D.16percent

問題2選項

A.wasregardedasquitenormal

B.usedtobeverylow

C.remainedadifficultproblemforthefederalgovernment

D.remindedpeopleoftheprincipleslaiddownbyWashington

問題3選項

A.theinefficientstyleofwork

B.oftenwrongjudgments

C.therisingrateoftaxes

D.theCongress

問題4選項

A.thefutureofthewholenation

B.people'swell-beinginthefuture

C.apositionofhigherrank

D.awarenessofconsistencyinpolicies

問題5選項

A.theyneedtosupporttheirfamilies

B.nocompanieswilltakeintheaged

C.ittakestimetolearnanewtradeorprofession

D.theireffortsandtalentsarefalling

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“調(diào)查表明在40年民眾對美國政府的信心下降了多少？”根據(jù)文章第二段可知現(xiàn)在是1995年，說明40年前是1954年。文章第一段提到有67%的人認為大政府對國家未來的威脅最大。而1954年只有16%人認為大政府有威脅（A1954OpinionResearchCorp.Pollfoundthatonly16percentofAmericansindictedbiggovernment,giventhesamethreechoices），由此可知國民對政府的信心下降了51%。選項B符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在大蕭條時期前美國政府在民眾的心中是怎樣的？”文章第二段最后一句提到“我們又回到了大蕭條時期美國人對華盛頓本能的謹慎”（We'vereturnedtotheinstinctiveAmericanwarinessofWashingtonsocommonbeforetheGreatDepression），說明在大蕭條時期政府在民眾心中的地位就低，選項B符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第六段提到89%的人認為國會會把事情搞砸（Acrossgenerations,athumping89percentthoughtthelatter."Congressalwaysseemstobescrewingup,"saysoneyoungXer），選項D符合題意。

4.詞義題。文章第五段第一句提到在樣本中，62%的美國人認為政客的道德和誠實度已經(jīng)下降（OfAmericansinoursample,62percentbelievethatpoliticians’ethicsandhonestyhavefallen），以及比起通過好的法規(guī)，議員們花更多的時間在他們的政治前途上嗎？（Ordomembers"spendmoretimethinkingabouttheirpoliticalfuturesthanpassinggoodlegislation?）可知這里的政治前途指的是權(quán)利地位，選項C符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到由于年齡較大的人在工作中更穩(wěn)定，他們往往更滿意（sinceolderpeople,whoaremoreestablishedintheirjobs,tendtobemoresatisfied），選項C符合題意。

15.單選題

InBritontherobinisasmallbird,butits（）inAmericaismuchlarge.

問題1選項

A.species

B.counterpart

C.analogy

D.category

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在英國知更鳥是一種小鳥,但在美國它的物種要大得多。species物種,種類；counterpart相似物；analogy類比,類似；category種類,分類。選項A形容生物種類,所以選項A正確。

16.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

TheUnitedKingdomhasanextraordinarilyrichanddiverseartisticheritage,withBritishpoets,playwrights,musicians,sculptors,pa