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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱劍橋?qū)W院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Wearewritingtothemanager()therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.withtheexceptionof

B.withthepurposeof

C.withreferenceto

D.withaviewto

【答案】C

【解析】短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:我們正在給經(jīng)理寫信,

近期在上述地址開展的維修工作。withtheexceptionof除……以外;withthepurposeof目的是;withreferenceto關(guān)于;withaviewto為了。因此,C項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Throughoutextensiveareasofthetropicsthetallandstatelyprimevalforesthasgivenwaytoerodedland,scrubandthejumbleofsecondarygrowth.JustasthevirginforestsofEuropeandNorthAmericawerelaidlowbyman’simprovidence,sothoseofthetropicsarenowvanishing—onlytheirdestructionmaybeencompassedindecadesinsteadofcenturies.Afewauthoritiesholdthat,exceptforgovernmentreserves,theearth’sgreatrainforestsmayvanishwithinageneration.Theeconomiclosswillbeincalculable,fortheprimaryrainforestsarerichsourcesoftimber(mahogany,teak)andsuchby-productsasresins,gums,cellulose,camphorandrattans.Noone,indeed,cancomputetheirresources,forofthethousandsofspeciesthatcomposetheforestcover,thereareonlyafewwhosephysicalandchemicalpropertieshavebeenstudiedwithaviewtocommercialuse.

Mostimportantofall,theprimevalrainforestisareservoirofspecimens,adynamiccenterofevolutionwhencetherestoftheworld’splantlifehasbeencontinuallyenrichedwithnewforms.Therainforesthasthegreatestvarietyofplantlifefoundinanytypeofforestonearth.Anobserverintheforest,lookingforacertaintypeoftree,mightfindoneonlyevery3or4milesorso,yetallthewhilebesurroundedbysingleexamplesofmanyotherspecies.Theseextensivereservesmustbedefendedfromtheacquisitivehandofman.

6.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis().

7.Concerningtherainforests,manstilllacksknowledgeoftheir().

8.Theresourcesoftherainforestsare().

9.Thesecondsentenceofthepassagesuggeststhat().

10.Theprimaryreasonforconservationofthegreatrainforestsisthatthey().

11.Asusedinthepassage,theword“primeval”means().

12.Thesituationdescribedissomewhaturgentbecause().

13.Theauthorwantschieflyto().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sceneofevolution

B.Virginforeststoday

C.Productsoftherainforests

D.Importanceoftherainforests

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.rateofdisappearance

B.exactgeographiclocations

C.needforprotectivefoliage

D.potentialcommercialdevelopment

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.incalculable

B.somewhatlimited

C.uncommercial

D.ofinterestonlytoscientists

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.manhasbeenunlucky

B.novirginforestshavebeenreplanted

C.manhasbecomemorewasteful

D.tropicalrainforestshavevanished

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.areareasofbotanicalevolution

B.arenotreadyforman’sruthlessax

C.arethechiefsourcesofincomeforgovernments

D.needfurtherdevelopmentbeforetheycanbeutilizedcommercially

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.commercial

B.gorgeous

C.original

D.thick

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.muchoftherainforestisstranglinginsecondarygrowth

B.destructionoftherainforestsmaywellcomewithinageneration

C.richandeleganttimberisavaluableresource

D.botanistscannotstudytherainforestfastenough

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.makemoneyfromforestresources

B.conservethevarietyoflifeoftherainforest

C.studyusesforresins,gums,cellulose,camphorandrattans

D.cureman’sacquisitivenature

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:B

第8題:B

【解析】6.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文Theeconomiclosswillbeincalculable,fortheprimaryrainforestsarerichsourcesoftimber(mahogany,teak)andsuchby-productsasresins,gums,cellulose,camphorandrattans.(經(jīng)濟(jì)損失將是不可估量的,因?yàn)樵加炅质悄静摹一ㄐ哪?、柚木和樹脂、樹膠、纖維素、樟腦和藤等副產(chǎn)品的豐富來(lái)源),后文也有提到雨林的其他作用??芍x擇D選項(xiàng)“雨林的重要性”。A選項(xiàng)“進(jìn)化的場(chǎng)景”,B選項(xiàng)“今天的原始森林”,C選項(xiàng)“雨林的產(chǎn)物”,均過(guò)于片面,所以A,B,C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,因此,D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文第一段的第三句Afewauthoritiesholdthat,exceptforgovernmentreserves,theearth’sgreatrainforestsmayvanishwithinageneration.(一些權(quán)威人士認(rèn)為,除了政府的保護(hù)區(qū),大片熱帶雨林可能會(huì)在一代人的時(shí)間內(nèi)消失),A選項(xiàng)“消失的速度”,B選項(xiàng)“具體地理位置”,C選項(xiàng)“需要保護(hù)樹葉”,D選項(xiàng)“潛在的商業(yè)發(fā)展”。因此,A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句Noone,indeed,cancomputetheirresources,forofthethousandsofspeciesthatcomposetheforestcover,thereareonlyafewwhosephysicalandchemicalpropertieshavebeenstudiedwithaviewtocommercialuse.(沒有人能夠計(jì)算它們的資源,因?yàn)樵跇?gòu)成森林覆蓋的數(shù)千種物種中,只有少數(shù)幾個(gè)物種的物理和化學(xué)性質(zhì)經(jīng)過(guò)了研究,以便用于商業(yè)用途)可知選擇A選項(xiàng)“不可計(jì)算的,不可估量的”,B選項(xiàng)“有些限制”,C選項(xiàng)“非商業(yè)的”,D選項(xiàng)“只有科學(xué)家才會(huì)感興趣”。因此,A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文的第一段的第二句話JustasthevirginforestsofEuropeandNorthAmericawerelaidlowbyman’simprovidence,sothoseofthetropicsarenowvanishing—onlytheirdestructionmaybeencompassedindecadesinsteadofcenturies.(就像歐洲和北美的原始森林因?yàn)槿祟惖膿]霍而被摧毀一樣,熱帶地區(qū)的原始森林也正在消失——只是它們的毀滅可能會(huì)持續(xù)幾十年,而不是幾個(gè)世紀(jì))可知選擇C選項(xiàng)“人們變得更浪費(fèi)了”,A選項(xiàng)“人們一直不走運(yùn)”,B選項(xiàng)“沒有一片原始森林被重新種植”,均沒有提及,所以A,B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,D選項(xiàng)“熱帶雨林已經(jīng)消失了”,原文說(shuō)的是正在消失,與原文不符,所以D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,因此,C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段的第一句話Mostimportantofall,theprimevalrainforestisareservoirofspecimens,adynamiccenterofevolutionwhencetherestoftheworld’splantlifehasbeencontinuallyenrichedwithnewforms.(最重要的是,原始雨林是標(biāo)本的蓄水池,是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的進(jìn)化中心,世界上其他植物的生命以新的形式不斷豐富起來(lái))可知選擇A選項(xiàng)“是植物進(jìn)化的領(lǐng)域”,B選項(xiàng)“還沒有準(zhǔn)備好迎接人類無(wú)情的斧頭”,C選項(xiàng)是“政府的主要收入來(lái)源”,原文沒有提及,所以A,B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,D選項(xiàng)“在商業(yè)化使用之前還需要進(jìn)一步的開發(fā)”,是原因之一,但不是主要原因,所以D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,因此,A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文首段首句Throughoutextensiveareasofthetropicsthetallandstatelyprimevalforesthasgivenwaytoerodedland,scrubandthejumbleofsecondarygrowth.(在廣袤的熱帶地區(qū),高大莊嚴(yán)的……森林已經(jīng)被侵蝕的土地、灌木叢和雜亂的次生植物所取代)根據(jù)后文的次生,可得知primeval指的是“原生的,原始的”。A選項(xiàng)“貿(mào)易的,商業(yè)的”,B選項(xiàng)“十分宜人的,很吸引人的”,C選項(xiàng)“起初的,原始的”,D選項(xiàng)“厚的,濃密的”。因此,C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)的是描述的情況有些緊急的原因是什么,根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段的第三句Afewauthoritiesholdthat,exceptforgovernmentreserves,theearth’sgreatrainforestsmayvanishwithinageneration.(一些權(quán)威人士認(rèn)為,除了政府保護(hù)區(qū)以外,地球上的大片熱帶雨林可能會(huì)在一代人的時(shí)間內(nèi)消失)可知選擇B選項(xiàng)“熱帶雨林的破壞很可能在一代人之內(nèi)就會(huì)發(fā)生”,A選項(xiàng)“熱帶雨林的大部分在扼殺次生植物”,D選項(xiàng)“植物學(xué)家對(duì)雨林研究得不夠快”,原文沒有提及,所以A,D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,C選項(xiàng)“豐富高雅的木材是一種寶貴的資源”,根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段的倒數(shù)第一句,可知有少數(shù)是寶貴的資源,但并不是描述情況緊急的原因,所以C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,因此,B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】作者意圖題。整篇文章講述了熱帶雨林的重要性,有著無(wú)可估量的價(jià)值,根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句Theseextensivereservesmustbedefendedfromtheacquisitivehandofman.(我們必須保護(hù)這些豐富的儲(chǔ)備免受人類貪婪的侵害)可知選擇B選項(xiàng)“保護(hù)熱帶雨林生物的多樣性”,A選項(xiàng)“從森林資源中賺錢”,由原文可知只有少數(shù)物種可以用于商業(yè)用途,所以A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,C選項(xiàng)“研究樹脂,樹膠,纖維素,樟腦和藤的用途”,D選項(xiàng)“治愈人貪婪的天性”,都過(guò)于淺顯,所以C,D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,因此,B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Ifyourevealyourfriend’ssecrets,youwill(

)him.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lure

B.disturb

C.alienate

D.control

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)lure“誘惑”;B選項(xiàng)disturb“打擾,妨礙”;C選項(xiàng)alienate“使疏遠(yuǎn)”;D選項(xiàng)control“控制”。句意:如果你揭露朋友的秘密,你將會(huì)和他疏遠(yuǎn)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.單選題

Judgingfromrecentsurveysandclinicalexperiments,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallya(n)(1)ofsleepinessinthenation.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.

Thebeginningofoursleep-deficitcrisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightBulbacenturyago.Bythe1950sand1960s,thatsleepschedulehadbeen(2)dramatically,tobetween7and8hours.

Perhapsthemost(3)robberofsleep,researcherssay,isthecomplexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleepmostexpendableitemontheagenda.Often,thoughoureffortstosqueezeevermoretasksintoourdaysandnights(4).Thepersonwhoinvestsinafullnight’ssleep,expertssay,willbemorethan(5)inheightenedproductivity,creativity,andfocus.Anotherthiefofsleepisshiftwork,inwhichpeopleworkregularlyintheevening,atnightoronrotatingschedules.Researcherssaythebrainhasdifficultyvaryingsleeptimes,whichmeansthattheseemployeesusuallysuffera(6)lossofsleep.Theavailabilityofround-the-clockentertainment,especiallyall-nighttelevision,alsotakesits(72).

Toassesstheconsequencesofsleep-deficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthrougha(8)ofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthemtoaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.Researchersfoundthatifthesubjectsweresleep-(9).Theirperformancesuffered,short-termmemorywasimpaired,aswereabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.Becausetheirreactiontimeandattentionspanareaffected,sleepypeoplemaybemorepronetomakingmistakes.

Sleeping(10)onweekendsdoesnothelpthebodyrecoup.Butinchroniccases,peoplemayneedweeksofcatchinguptoreversetheeffectsofsleeploss.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.phenomenon

B.epidemic

C.tendency

D.symptom

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.whittled

B.reduced

C.imputed

D.subjugated

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.relentless

B.annoying

C.merciless

D.greedy

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.backtrack

B.backcross

C.backset

D.backfire

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.rejuvenated

B.recovered

C.refreshed

D.recompensed

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.net

B.total

C.great

D.sea

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.part

B.toll

C.role

D.effect

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.bundle

B.bevy

C.battery

D.batch

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.deprived

B.driven

C.ridden

D.laden

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.out

B.away

C.in

D.up

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:C

【解析】1.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)phenomenon“現(xiàn)象;奇跡;杰出的人才”;B選項(xiàng)epidemic“傳染病;流行病;風(fēng)尚等的流行”;C選項(xiàng)tendency“傾向,趨勢(shì);癖好”;D選項(xiàng)symptom“癥狀;征兆”。句意:從最近的調(diào)查和臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)看,大多數(shù)睡眠行為方面的專家都發(fā)現(xiàn)嗜睡流行病遍布整個(gè)國(guó)家。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)whittle“削;削減;切;削弱”;B選項(xiàng)reduced“減少;降低;使處于;把……分解”;C選項(xiàng)imputed“歸罪于,歸咎于;嫁禍于”;D選項(xiàng)subjugated“征服;使服從;克制”。句意:到了20世紀(jì)50年代和60年代,人們的睡眠時(shí)間急劇減少到7到8小時(shí)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)relentless“無(wú)情的;殘酷的(多用來(lái)形容外界及周圍環(huán)境的殘酷);不間斷的”;B選項(xiàng)annoying“討厭的;惱人的”;C選項(xiàng)merciless“殘忍的(多用來(lái)形容人的內(nèi)心是殘酷無(wú)情的);無(wú)慈悲心的”;D選項(xiàng)greedy“貪婪的;貪吃的;渴望的”。句意:研究人員說(shuō),也許最無(wú)情的睡眠劫匪是一天的復(fù)雜性。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)backtrack“v.原路返回;折回;折返;(屈于壓力而)改變聲明(或主張),出爾反爾;退縮”;B選項(xiàng)backcross“v.使(雜種)回交(或逆代雜交);n.回交;逆代雜交;回交子代”;C選項(xiàng)backset“n.渦流;逆流;倒退;挫折”;D選項(xiàng)backfire“v.產(chǎn)生事與愿違的不良(或危險(xiǎn))后果;逆火;回火”。由題可知空格處應(yīng)填帶有轉(zhuǎn)折意味的詞,意為“通常情況下,盡管我們?nèi)杖找挂苟荚跒楦嗟娜蝿?wù)而努力,結(jié)果卻事與愿違”,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rejuvenated“使年輕;使更新;使恢復(fù)精神;使復(fù)原;復(fù)原;變年輕”;B選項(xiàng)recovered“恢復(fù);彌補(bǔ);重新獲得;恢復(fù);勝訴;重新得球”;C選項(xiàng)refreshed“使恢復(fù)精力;使涼爽;重新斟滿;提醒;提示;使想起”;D選項(xiàng)recompense“賠償,補(bǔ)償;酬謝,回報(bào)”。句意:如果你有充足的睡眠,那么在工作效率、創(chuàng)造力和精神集中程度方面會(huì)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)你本該有的報(bào)酬。也就是說(shuō)你的工作效率、創(chuàng)造力和精神集中程度會(huì)有很大的改觀。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)net“純的;最后的;原價(jià)的;(重量)凈的;(高爾夫球得分)凈得的”;B選項(xiàng)total“全部的;完全的;整個(gè)的”;C選項(xiàng)great“偉大的,重大的;極好的,好的;主要的”;D選項(xiàng)sea“n.海;海洋;許多;大量”。句意:研究人員表示,大腦很難改變睡眠時(shí)間,這意味著這些員工通常會(huì)損失大量睡眠時(shí)間。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)part“部分;角色;零件;一些;片段”;B選項(xiàng)total“總數(shù),合計(jì)”;C選項(xiàng)great“大師;大人物;偉人們”;D選項(xiàng)effect“影響;效果;作用”。句意:24小時(shí)的娛樂,尤其是通宵的電視節(jié)目,也起到了一定的作用。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)abundleof“一捆捆的;一束;一包”;B選項(xiàng)abevyof“一群;一組”;C選項(xiàng)abatteryof“一連串的;一系列的”;D選項(xiàng)abatchof“一批(用來(lái)形容數(shù)量,后面接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù))”。句意:為了評(píng)估睡眠不足的后果,研究人員對(duì)受試者進(jìn)行了一系列的心理和表現(xiàn)測(cè)試,要求他們添加一列數(shù)字,或者回憶幾分鐘前讀給他們聽的一篇文章。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)deprived“貧困的,窮苦的,嚴(yán)重匱乏的;(人)喪失的,被剝奪的”;B選項(xiàng)driven“被動(dòng)的,受到驅(qū)策的;有緊迫感的;(人)發(fā)憤圖強(qiáng)的”;C選項(xiàng)ridden“充斥……的;受虐待的”;D選項(xiàng)laden“負(fù)載的;裝滿的;苦惱的”。前文提到了“sleep-deficit睡眠不足”,所以空格處應(yīng)填與該詞意思相對(duì)應(yīng)的詞,sleep-deprived“睡眠剝奪”符合題意,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)sleepout“外宿;在外過(guò)夜;露宿;外宿房”;B選項(xiàng)sleepaway“一直熟睡;用睡覺消磨(時(shí)光);用睡覺消除(頭痛等)”;C選項(xiàng)sleepin“睡過(guò)頭;睡懶覺;晚一點(diǎn)兒起床;遲起床”;D選項(xiàng)sleepup“五倍深度睡眠;深度睡眠;睡起來(lái)了”。句意:周末睡懶覺無(wú)助于身體的恢復(fù)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Scientificjournalscanprovidereliableinformationbecauseoftheprocesscalled"peerreview",inwhichotherscientists(peers)evaluatethevalueandcredibilityofresearchbeforeallowingittoappearinprint.

Peer-reviewisperformedbyknowledgeablescientistswhoarenotdirectlyinvolvedwiththeresearchbeingevaluated.Infact,reviewersareoftenscientificcompetitors.Toremoveanybiasfromthereviewprocess,mostmanuscripts(articlespriortopublication)areconsideredbythreereviewersindependently.Reviewersconsiderthevalidityoftheapproach,thesignificanceandoriginalityofthefinding,itsinterestandtimelinesstothescientificcommunity,andtheclarityofthewriting.Reviewersthenprovidefeedbackonthemanuscripttheyhaveread.Journaleditorsrelyonpeer-reviewfeedbacktoguidetheirpublicationdecisions,andauthorsusereviewerscommentstorefinethetextoftheirmanuscriptandtheexperimentswithin.Journaleditorsmustoccasionallyresolveissuesrelatedtoconflictofinterestamongreviewers;reviewersidentitiesaregenerallynotrevealedtomanuscriptauthors.Thislaterruleisintendedtofreereviewersfromanysocialpressures,allowingthemtoconsideronlythequalityofthesciencebeforethem.

Reviewersareexpectedtokeeptheinformationinamanuscriptconfidentialuntilitispublished,butitisrarethattheworkcomesasacompletesurprisetotheentirescientificcommunity.Thisisbecausepeerreviewisintegratedintoalmosteverystepofscience.

Mostresearchscientistsrequestpublicfundingfortheirexperiments.Fundingdecisionsaremadebyacommitteeofotherscientistswhodebateeachproposal’slikelihoodofsuccess,thevalidityofitsapproach,andtheimportanceofthequestionbeingasked.Oncefunded,theexperimentscanbegin,andpreliminarydataisoftenrevealedatscientificmeetings.Thisallowsthefindingstobedebatedanddefendedwithcolleaguespriortopublication.Oncetheexperimentsarecompleted,amanuscriptiswrittenandcirculatedtoallthosewhocontributedtothework.Manuscriptscommonlyundergoseveralroundsofrevisionbytheauthorsbeforebeingsubmittedtoajournalforpeerreview,Journalsvaryintheirselectivityandfocus.Consequently,manuscriptsarefirstsenttothemostwidelyreadjournallikelytopublishthework.Ifthatjournaldeclinestopublishthemanuscript,itcanbesenttoadifferentjournalforconsideration.

Despitethebesteffortsofreviewers,casesofscientificmisconductdooccurandincorrectorunsubstantiateddatadoesgetpublished.Somecasesturnouttobeelaboratehoaxes.Forexample,in1912CharlesDawsonshowedoffpartsofaskullandjawbonetothepublicandconvincedscientiststhatthefossilsrepresentedthemissinglinkbetweenmanandapeDawson's"PiltdownMan"confusedthescientificcommunityfor40yearsuntilitwasdiscoveredthattheskullwasonly500yearsoldratherthan500,000,andthejawbonewasthatofanorangutan.Inotherinstancesofmisconduct,datainscientificjournalshasbeeninadequatelydocumentedorimproperlyreportedCasesofscientificmisconductarerarebutimportantbecauseofthepublicitytheyreceiveoncetheyarediscovered,erodingthepublic'strustinthepeer-reviewsystemandscienceitself.Tokeepthistypeofconductincheck,scientificarticlesincludedetaileddescriptionsofexperimentalprotocolsthatenableotherstoreproduceexperiments.

1.Scientificjournalsmakeforreliablereadingowingto(

).

2.Qualifiedpeerreviewers

).

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Itcanbeinferredthatscientificjournals

).

5.Scientificmisconduct(

).

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theliteracyrateofreaders

B.thepracticeofpeerreview

C.thereputationoftheeditors

D.thecooperationamongauthors

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.shouldhavetherelevantexpertiseandvastknowledge

B.fullydominatetheeditorialdecisionsaboutpublication

C.needtodiscusswithotherreviewersforsakeoffairness

D.helprewritethesubmittedmanuscripttoimproveitsquality

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Conflictsofinterestamongreviewersresultfromresearchgrants.

B.Manuscriptsareusuallypublishedasoriginallysubmittedtoajournal.

C.Reviewers'identitiesarekeptconfidentialtoensureobjectivejudgment.

D.Informationinamanuscriptremainssecretinthescientificcommunity.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.allowsimultaneoussubmissionandduplicatepublication

B.areforcedtoprovidereliableandcredibleinformationforreaders

C.alwaysmakeresearcharticlesdigitalandopenlyaccessibleonline

D.aremorelikelytopublishresearchfindingsinthefieldtheyspecializein

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.couldbeidentifiedanddetectedeasily

B.emergesastheby-productofthepeer-reviewsystem

C.occurssoinfrequentlythatfewreviewerscareaboutit

D.mayinvolvedatafalsificationorinadequatedocumentation

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中Scientificjournalscanprovidereliableinformationbecauseoftheprocesscalled"peerreview"(科學(xué)期刊可以提供可靠的信息,是因?yàn)楸环Q為“同行評(píng)審”的這一過(guò)程)可知選B。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中Peer-reviewisperformedbyknowledgeablescientistswhoarenotdirectlyinvolvedwiththeresearchbeingevaluated.(同行評(píng)審是由沒有直接參與正在評(píng)估研究的知識(shí)淵博的科學(xué)家進(jìn)行的)可知A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)具備相關(guān)的專業(yè)知識(shí)和廣博的知識(shí)”符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中reviewersidentitiesaregenerallynotrevealedtomanuscriptauthors.Thislaterruleisintendedtofreereviewersfromanysocialpressures,allowingthemtoconsideronlythequalityofthesciencebeforethem.(評(píng)審者的身份通常不會(huì)透露給原稿作者。這后一條規(guī)則旨在讓評(píng)審者免受任何社會(huì)壓力的影響,讓他們只考慮到他們面前的科學(xué)的質(zhì)量)可知C選項(xiàng)“評(píng)審人員的身份是保密的,以確??陀^判斷”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第四段中Manuscriptscommonlyundergoseveralroundsofrevisionbytheauthorsbeforebeingsubmittedtoajournalforpeerreview,Journalsvaryintheirselectivityandfocus.Consequently,manuscriptsarefirstsenttothemostwidelyreadjournallikelytopublishthework.(原稿在提交給同行評(píng)審之前,通常要經(jīng)過(guò)作者的幾輪修改,期刊的選擇性和側(cè)重點(diǎn)各不相同。因此,原稿首先被送到很可能會(huì)發(fā)表這篇文章的閱讀最廣泛的期刊上)可推測(cè)科學(xué)期刊很可能是發(fā)表其專門從事的領(lǐng)域的研究成果。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段第一句中casesofscientificmisconductdooccurandincorrectorunsubstantiateddatadoesgetpublished(確實(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生科學(xué)不當(dāng)行為,不正確或未經(jīng)證實(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)也會(huì)被公布)可知選D。

6.單選題

Thismicroscope(

)by1,000timesthesampleontheslides.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.probed

B.abided

C.magnified

D.specified

【答案】C

【解析】probe探查,調(diào)查;abide持續(xù),忍受;magnified放大;specify詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。句意:顯微鏡把放在幻燈片上的樣品放大了1000倍。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

HewaslookingadmiringlyatthephotographpublishedbyCollinsin()withtheImperialMuseum.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.combination

B.collaboration

C.connection

D.collection

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他在羨慕地看著由柯林斯與帝國(guó)博物館合作出版的照片。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。incombinationwith與…結(jié)合,聯(lián)合;incollaborationwith與…合作;寫作;inconnectionwith與…有關(guān)。沒有incollectionwith的搭配。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

—Excuseme,sir.Wouldyoudomeafavor?

—Ofcourse.Whatisit?

—I______ifyoucouldtellmehowtofilloutthisform.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadwondered

B.waswondering

C.wouldwonder

D.hadbeenwondering

【答案】B

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。wonder表示“想知道,感到疑惑”,后面接if或者whether可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,常用來(lái)表示一種委婉的請(qǐng)求或者疑問(wèn)。這個(gè)句子表達(dá)的是一種委婉的請(qǐng)求,根據(jù)之前的語(yǔ)境可知,這里表達(dá)的是“我剛剛一直在想……”,所以要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),B項(xiàng)符合。A項(xiàng)是過(guò)去完成時(shí),D項(xiàng)是過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí),但是句子并不是基于事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去的一個(gè)狀態(tài),所以A、D選項(xiàng)排除。C選項(xiàng)表示將來(lái)。句意:我想知道您能否告訴我如何填寫這張表格。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

YangtzeRiverflowsatawidthofupto2kmandanaveragedepthofbetween6and15mthroughalargeplainwithmanylakes.Thisareais()toseverefloodingandaccumulationofriversediment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.object

B.particular

C.subject

D.prone

【答案】C

【解析】句意:長(zhǎng)江流經(jīng)一個(gè)有許多湖泊的大平原,這個(gè)平原寬達(dá)2公里,平均深度在6至15米之間。這個(gè)地區(qū)經(jīng)常發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的水災(zāi)和河流泥沙淤積。objectto對(duì)……反對(duì);particular特別,尤其,不與to搭配;subjectto使遭受;proneto有……傾向的。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

10.翻譯題

Virtualhighschools,whichallowstudentstotakeclassesviaPC,haveemergedasanincreasinglypopulareducationalternative,particularlyforon-the-goathletes.UniversityofMiamiOnlineHighSchool(UMOHS)hasmorethan400studentsenrolled,56%ofwhomareathletes.Accreditedbythe100-year-oldSouthernAssociationofCollegesandSchools,UMOHSoffershonorsandadvanced-placementclasses.Allcoursematerialisonlinealongwithassignmentsandduedates.Forhelp,saysprincipalHowardLiebman,“Astudentmaye-mail,instantmessageorcalltheteacher.”

Dallas'momLoriBannonturnedtoanotheronlineschool.LaurelSpringsinOjai,Calif,Bannon,WhohasamedicaldegreefromHarvard,didn’twanttocompromisetheeducationofherdaughterLindsay,13,anelitegymnastwhospendseighthoursadayinthegym.“Regularschoolwasnotanoption,”saysBannon,“butIwantedtomakesureshecouldgobackatgradelevelifshequitgymnastics.”LaurelSprings'enrollmenthasincreased35%ayearforthepastfouryearsto1,800students.Atleast25%areeitherathletesorchildentertainers.

Educatorsaresplitonthemeritsofsuchschools.PaulOrehovec,anenrollmentofficerfortheUniversityofMiami,admits,“Iwassomewhatofaskeptic,butwhenIlookedintotheirprogramsandaccreditation,Iwasexcited.UMOHSisthefirstonlineschooltobegrantedmembershipintheNationalHonorSociety.”KevinRoy,Elite’sdirectorofeducation,seespitfallsandpotentialinvirtualschools.“Youwillneverhavethatwonderfulteacherwhoinspiresyouforlife,”saysRoy.“Butthevirtualschooloffersendlesspossibilities.Idon’tknowwhereeducation’simaginationwilltakethis.”

【答案】虛擬高中允許學(xué)生通過(guò)電腦上學(xué),現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為了一個(gè)日漸流行的教育方式,那些忙碌的運(yùn)動(dòng)員們尤其鐘愛這種選擇。邁阿密網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)校已招收400多名學(xué)生,其中56%是運(yùn)動(dòng)員。該校已獲得擁有100年歷史的南部大學(xué)和中學(xué)聯(lián)合會(huì)的批準(zhǔn),提供榮譽(yù)和預(yù)修課程,授課過(guò)程與作業(yè)練習(xí)都在線上進(jìn)行,并標(biāo)注截止時(shí)間。校長(zhǎng)霍華德·利伯曼說(shuō),如果需要幫助,學(xué)生可以通過(guò)電子郵件,即時(shí)短信或電話聯(lián)系老師。

達(dá)拉斯的母親洛麗·班農(nóng)選擇了另一所網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)?!又輮W凱市的勞雷爾·斯普林斯。班農(nóng)擁有哈佛大學(xué)的醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)位,她不想讓自己13歲的女兒林賽的教育受到影響。林賽是一名優(yōu)秀的體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員,她每天在體育館要待上8個(gè)小時(shí)。班農(nóng)說(shuō):“我并非想讓她接受常規(guī)學(xué)校教育,我只是想確保她在結(jié)束體操生涯后能跟上正常的學(xué)習(xí)。”在過(guò)去四年,勞雷爾·斯普林斯的入學(xué)率年增長(zhǎng)為35%,學(xué)生人數(shù)達(dá)到了1800。其中至少25%的學(xué)生是運(yùn)動(dòng)員或演員。

教育工作者對(duì)這些學(xué)校的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)看法不一。邁阿密網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)校的招生官保羅·奧赫維克承認(rèn),“對(duì)此我曾經(jīng)有點(diǎn)懷疑。但當(dāng)我查看他們的項(xiàng)目和資格認(rèn)證時(shí),我很興奮。邁阿密網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)校是第一所被授予國(guó)家榮譽(yù)協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)員資格的網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)校?!本⒔逃偙O(jiān)教育主管凱文?羅伊看到了虛擬學(xué)校的缺陷和潛力。羅伊說(shuō):“你永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)有一個(gè)能激勵(lì)你一生的好老師。但虛擬學(xué)校提供了無(wú)限的可能性。我不知道教育的想象力會(huì)把這種可能性發(fā)揮到哪種地步。”

11.單選題

Hermanisveryadroitathandlingpeople.Heisa(an)(

)manwhoisabletoexpresshisthoughtsanddesiresveryprecisely.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dedicate

B.articulate

C.exasperate

D.formulate

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)dedicate“致力,獻(xiàn)身”;B選項(xiàng)articulate“善于表達(dá)的;口才好的”;C選項(xiàng)exasperate“激怒,惡化”;D選項(xiàng)formulate“規(guī)劃,制定”。A、C、D都為動(dòng)詞,不可填入空格部分。根據(jù)后面關(guān)鍵詞“expresshisthoughtsanddesiresveryprecisely準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)自己的思想和愿望”,可知空格部分形容詞的意思應(yīng)該是“善表達(dá)的”,句意為:赫爾曼很善于與人打交道。他是個(gè)能言善辯的人,能把自己的想法準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)出來(lái)。故正確答案選B。

12.單選題

Atthenews,thedemonstratorswhohadputtheforeigngoodsunderaboycottforseveralmonthsprotestedbut().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tonaught

B.tonothing

C.tonoavail

D.tovoid

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:naught“無(wú)價(jià)值”;B:nothing“無(wú)”;C:noavail“無(wú)效”;D:void“空虛,空間”。句意:新聞中那些連續(xù)幾個(gè)月聯(lián)合抵制國(guó)外商品的示烕者一直在抗議,但是沒有用。結(jié)合詞義,C為正確答案。

13.單選題

Hesayshehasn’tgotanymoney()infacthe’sgotthousandsofdollarsinhisaccount.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.since

C.while

D.for

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他說(shuō)他一分錢都沒拿到,

但實(shí)際上,

他的賬戶進(jìn)賬幾千美元。上下有轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系,

用while更適合。

14.單選題

“Thosegirlsareidenticaltwins,aren’tthey?”“Yes,theylookexactly(

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.same

B.alike

C.like

D.sameones

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。look在此處作感官動(dòng)詞,意為“看起來(lái)……”后面接形容詞。same一般與the連用,alike為形容詞,意為“相像的,十分相似”。

句意:“那些女孩是同卵雙胞胎,不是嗎?”“是的,她們看起來(lái)十分相似”。

15.單選題

Mountainclimbing,likeothersports,requiresskill,stamina,teamwork,andtheknowledgeandexperiencetohandlespecializedequipment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intelligence

B.guidance

C.endurance

D.caution

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。stamina表示“耐力,持久力,毅力”;A項(xiàng)intelligence“智力,情報(bào)工作,情報(bào)機(jī)關(guān)”,B項(xiàng)guidance“指導(dǎo),引導(dǎo),領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”,C項(xiàng)endurance“忍耐力,耐久性”,D項(xiàng)caution“小心,謹(jǐn)慎,警告”。句意:爬山和其他運(yùn)動(dòng)一樣,需要技巧、耐力、團(tuán)隊(duì)合作以及處理專門設(shè)備的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。因此,根據(jù)句意可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Withthe()ofMary,allthegirlstudentsareeagertogototheparty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exhibition

B.exception

C.except

D.reception

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。exhibition“展覽”;exception“例外,異議”;except“除…之外”;reception“接待,接收”。句意:除了Mary外,所有女學(xué)生都很渴望去參加聚會(huì)。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

CharlesDarwin’s“OntheOriginofSpecies”iscreditedwithsparkingevolution’srevolutioninscientificthought,butmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepubl

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