考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安陽(yáng)工學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安陽(yáng)工學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Ⅴ.(ConstitutionalLawandAdministrativeLaw)

TheConstitutionempowersandrestrictsdifferentofficialsdifferently.Aconstitutionalclaimisaclaimthataparticulargovernmentactorhasexceededagrantofpowerortransgressedarestriction.Butbecausedifferentgovernmentactorsarevestedwithdifferentpowersandboundbydifferentrestrictions,onecannotdeterminewhethertheConstitutionhasbeenviolatedwithoutknowingwhohasallegedlyviolatedit.Thepredicatesofjudicialreviewinevitablydependuponthesubjectsofjudicialreview.Currentpracticespeaks,euphemistically,ofchallengesto“statutes,”thusobscuringthesubjectsofconstitutionalclaims.ButtheConstitutiondoesnotprohibitstatutes;itprohibitsactions—theactionsofparticulargovernmentactors.Thus,everyconstitutionalinquiryshouldbeginwiththesubjectoftheconstitutionalclaim.Andthefirstquestioninanysuchinquiryshouldbethewhoquestion:whohasallegedlyviolatedtheConstitution?

ThisArticle’spredecessor,TheSubjectsoftheConstitution,demonstratedtheanalyticalpowerofthisseeminglyinnocuousquestion.Tobeginwith,thewhoquestionrevealsconstitutionalculprits,triggeringtheessentialbackstopsofconstitutionalaccountability.IftheConstitutionhasbeenviolated,thePeoplemustknowwhohasviolatedit,sothattheycanknowwhomtoblame,whomtovoteagainst,whomtoimpeach.Butthatisnotall.Thewhoquestionalsoestablishesthetwobasicformsofjudicialreview.Inthetypicalconstitutionalcase,thelegislaturewillmakealaw,theexecutivewillexecuteit,andsomeonewillclaimthathisconstitutionalrightshavebeenviolated.ThefirstquestiontoasksuchaclaimantiswhohasviolatedtheConstitution?Thelegislature,bymakingthelaw?Ortheexecutive,byexecutingit?

Thisfundamentaldichotomy,betweenjudicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveaction,istheorganizingdichotomyofconstitutionallaw.ItisthisdichotomythattheCourthasobscuredwithitsanthropomorphictropethat“statutes”—ratherthangovernmentactors—violatetheConstitution.AnditisthisdichotomythattheCourthasbeengraspingforwithitsmuddleddistinctionbetween“facialchallengestostatutes”and“as-appliedchallengestostatutes”.Properlyunderstood,a“facialchallenge”isnothingmorenorlessthanachallengetolegislativeaction,andan“as-appliedchallenge”isnothingmorenorlessthanachallengetoexecutiveaction.

Judicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveactionaretwofundamentallydifferententerprises—formally,structurally,temporallydifferent.Andthesebasicdifferencesdictateboththestructureandthesubstanceofjudicialreview.

67.WhethertheConstitutionhasbeenviolatedcannotbedecidedwithoutknowingwhohasallegedlyviolateditbecause___.

68.ThewhoquestionrelatestothefollowingBUT____.

69.Thefundamentaldichotomyaddressedinparagraph3refersto___.

70.Inthelastparagraph,theunderlinedword“enterprises”isclosestinmeaningwith___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aparticulargovernmentactorhasexceededagrantofpower

B.theConstitutionempowersandrestrictsdifferentofficialsdifferently

C.differentgovernmentactorsarevestedwithdifferentpowers

D.differentgovernmentactorsareboundbydifferentrestrictions

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theviolatorsoftheConstitution

B.thebasicformsofjudicialreview

C.peoples’knowledgeoftheConstitution

D.thepublicopinionregardinggovernmentalofficers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.“facialchallengestostatutes”and“as-appliedchallengestostatutes”

B.statutesandgovernmentactors

C.legislativeactionandexecutiveaction

D.judicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveaction

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.project

B.courageandwillingnesstobeinvolved

C.businessactivity

D.BusinessCompany

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】67.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Butbecausedifferentgovernmentactorsarevestedwithdifferentpowersandboundbydifferentrestrictions,onecannotdeterminewhethertheConstitutionhasbeenviolatedwithoutknowingwhohasallegedlyviolatedit.（但是，由于不同的政府行為者被賦予不同的權(quán)力，受到不同的限制，如果不知道是誰(shuí)違反了憲法，就無(wú)法確定憲法是否被違反了）可知選B選項(xiàng)“憲法賦予和限制不同的官員不同的權(quán)力”；A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)特定的政府行為者已經(jīng)超越了權(quán)力的授予”，C選項(xiàng)“不同的政府角色被賦予不同的權(quán)力”以及D選項(xiàng)“不同的政府行為者受到不同的限制”都不符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

68.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“whoquestion”定位到原文第二段IftheConstitutionhasbeenviolated,thePeoplemustknowwhohasviolatedit,sothattheycanknowwhomtoblame,whomtovoteagainst,whomtoimpeach.Butthatisnotall.（如果憲法被違反了，人民必須知道是誰(shuí)違反了憲法，這樣他們才能知道該責(zé)怪誰(shuí)，該投票反對(duì)誰(shuí)，該彈劾誰(shuí)）可知“whoquestion”涉及到A選項(xiàng)“違反憲法的人”以及C選項(xiàng)“人民對(duì)憲法的了解”，只有人民對(duì)憲法有了解，才能知道如何責(zé)怪，投票以及彈劾；第二段Thewhoquestionalsoestablishesthetwobasicformsofjudicialreview.（誰(shuí)的問(wèn)題也確立了司法審查的兩種基本形式）可知“whoquestion”涉及到B選項(xiàng)“司法審查的基本形式”；在原文中“whoquestion”沒(méi)有涉及D選項(xiàng)“公眾對(duì)政府官員的意見(jiàn)”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

69.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“Thefundamentaldichotomy”定位到原文第三段Thisfundamentaldichotomy,betweenjudicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveaction,istheorganizingdichotomyofconstitutionallaw.（這種對(duì)立法行為的司法審查與行政行為的司法審查之間的基本二分法，就是憲法的組織二分法）可知選C選項(xiàng)“立法行動(dòng)和行政行動(dòng)”；A選項(xiàng)“‘成文法面臨的挑戰(zhàn)’和‘成文法已應(yīng)用的挑戰(zhàn)’”，B選項(xiàng)“法規(guī)和政府角色”以及D選項(xiàng)“立法行為的司法審查和行政行為的司法審查”都不符合原文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

70.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字定位到原文最后一段Judicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveactionaretwofundamentallydifferententerprises—formally,structurally,temporallydifferent.Andthesebasicdifferencesdictateboththestructureandthesubstanceofjudicialreview.（對(duì)立法行為的司法審查與對(duì)行政行為的司法審查是兩個(gè)形式上、結(jié)構(gòu)上、時(shí)間上完全不同的項(xiàng)目。這些基本差異決定了司法審查的結(jié)構(gòu)和實(shí)質(zhì)），“enterprises”本身表示企業(yè)，但是根據(jù)原文，探討的內(nèi)容是憲法的問(wèn)題，和商業(yè)無(wú)關(guān)，排除C選項(xiàng)“商業(yè)活動(dòng)”和D選項(xiàng)“商業(yè)公司”；B選項(xiàng)“參與的勇氣和意愿”并不是原文所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容；從原文可以判斷出“enterprises”表示“項(xiàng)目”，A選項(xiàng)“項(xiàng)目”符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Theword“biodiversity”isatermheardwithincreasingfrequencyintheongoingdebateoverhowbesttoprotecttheworld’senvironment,andmorespecifically,howtopreserveitsrapidlydwindlingnumbersofplantandanimalspecies.Inverygeneralterms,“biodiversity”referstothenumberofplantandanimalspeciesthatcanbefoundinaparticularhabitatorecosystem.Thisisapparentlyaverysimpleconcept,butthesimplicityofitbeliesitssignificance.Abetterpopularunderstandingoftherealmeaningofbiodiversityandofitsimportancetothecircumstancesinwhichwepresentlyfindourselvesiscriticaltothesuccessofeffortstoprotecttheenvironment,andthereforeessentialtoourownsurvival.

Globalbiodiversity,whichisthetotalnumberofplantandanimalspeciesexistingontheplanetatanyonetime,canonlybeestimated;andonlyveryroughlyestimatedatthat.Undoubtedly,manyspeciesremaintobediscovered.Someofthese,suchasinsectsandmicroscopiclife,aresmallenoughtohaveescapedournotice,whileothersdwellinareaswehaveonlybeguntoexplore;thespeciesinhabitingthedeepestoceandepths,forexample.Itmustalsoberememberedthatweareinthemidstofamassextinctionevent.Speciesarenowdisappearingatarateestimatedtobebetween1,000and10,000timesfasterthantheaverageforthehistoryoflifeonearth.Takentogether,thesetwouncertainelementspreventtheglobalbiodiversityestimatefrombecomingmuchmorethananeducatedguess.Thecurrentbestestimateissomewhereintheneighborhoodof100to200millionspecies.

Thisnumber,whileitmaybeofsomeinteresttononscientists,isn’tofmuchrealvaluetoresearchers.Theyaregenerallymoreconcernedwithlocalbiodiversity.Despitetheapparentenormityofthenumberofspeciesthatinhabittheearthasawhole,localbiodiversity—thenumberofspeciesfoundinanyonehabitat—fluctuatesgreatlyaswecrosstheboundariesseparatingtheecosystemsthatmakeuptheEarth’sbiosphere.Itreachesitshighestlevelsonthecoralreefsandinthetropicalrainforestswheretheremaybethousandsofspeciesperacre.

Ofcourse,itisthisvalue—themeasureoflocalbiodiversity—thatismostusefulforanyoneconcernedwithassessingthehealthofanecosystemorprotectingitfromdestruction.Inmeasuringthebiodiversityofaparticularecosystem,biologistsareusuallyquiteimpartialwhenweighingtherelativesignificanceofeachspecies.Mostareassignedavalueofone,thetotalnumberofspeciesthenrepresentingthetargetvalue.However,therearetwoconditionsunderwhichonespeciesmaybeweightedmoreheavilythanothers.Thiswouldcertainlybethecaseforanyspeciesthatbyvirtueofitsgeneticuniquenesswouldconstituteaspeciallosstotheglobalgenepoolintheeventofitsextinction.Thetuataraisagoodexampleofjustsuchaspecies.Astheonlysurvivingmemberofafamilyofreptilesthat,exceptforit,diedout60millionyearsago,thetuataraqualifiesongroundsofgeneticuniquenesstobeweightedmoreheavilyincalculatingthebiodiversityofitshabitat.

Aspeciesmaybeaccordedbonuspointsinthebiodiversityequationforanotherreasonaswell;itmaybedeemedmoresignificantbyvirtueoftheroleitplaysintheecosystem.AnexampleofthiswouldbetheCaliforniaseaotter.[A]Thepreferredfoodofthisspeciesofmarinemammalistheseaurchin;amarineinvertebrate,whichfeedsonacertaintypeofseagrassknownaskelp.[B]Wereitnotfortheotter’scontributionincontrollingtheseaurchinpopulation,theunderseakelpforestwouldsurelybedecimatedbyadramaticincreaseinthepopulationofseaurchins.[C]Thiswouldremoveakeysupportingelement—thekelp—fromthehabitatofmanyfishandinvertebratespeciesthatdependonit.[D]This,inturn,wouldfundamentallyalteranentireunderseahabitatandundoubtedlyputariskanumberofdifferentspeciesthathaveadaptedtoitspeculiarcharacteristics.Therefore,thebehavioroftheotterinactivelymaintainingthelocaldiversityofspeciesdictatesthatitshouldbeassignedahigherbiodiversityvalue.

13.Whatwastheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?

14.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatwedon’thaveanaccuratemeasureofglobalbiodiversitybecause（）.

15.Thewordenormityinthepassageisclosestinthemeaningto（）.

16.Accordingtothepassage,thelargestnumberofspecieswouldbefound（）.

17.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTimportantinassessingbiodiversity?

18.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythepassage?

19.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

Theeffectofthiswouldbeadramaticlossoflocalbiodiversity.

Wherewouldthesentencebestfit(A,B,CorD)?

20.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheitalicizedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toexplainwhybiodiversityisessentialtooursurvival.

B.Toexplaintheconceptofbiodiversity.

C.Toshowwhylocalbiodiversityismoreimportantthanglobalbiodiversity.

D.Toclarifythedangersthatresultfromdecliningbiodiversity.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thenumberofspeciesisconstantlychanging

B.populationsofanimalsmovefromplacetoplace

C.wedon’tknowtheecologicalroleplayedbyallspecies

D.thedefinitionofbiodiversityisnotclearenough

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.important

B.quality

C.vastness

D.accuracy

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.onthecoralreefs

B.intheboundaryareasbetweenlocalecosystems

C.intheunderseakelpforests

D.infreshwaterlakesandstreams

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thespecialfunctionaparticularspeciesplaysinanecosystem.

B.Thenumberofspeciespresentinanecosystem.

C.Thegeneticuniquenessofthespecieswithinanecosystem.

D.Thesizeoftheareaanecosystemcovers.

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Localbiodiversitymaychange,butglobalbiodiversitydoesnot.

B.Allspecieshavethesamesignificancewhenconsideringbiodiversity.

C.Theconceptofbiodiversityisoflittlevaluetoecologists.

D.Theearthisexperiencingareductioninglobalbiodiversity.

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.Asthelastofa60millionyearoldfamilyofreptilestodieout,thetuatarawassogeneticallyspecialthatitwouldhaveraisedthecalculatedbiodiversityvalueofthehabitatinwhichitlived.

B.Thetuataradeservesaheavierbiodiversityweightingbyvirtueofthefactthatallothergeneticallysimilaranimalsvanished60millionyearsagoandtherefore,itaddsanunusualamounttothelocalbiodiversityvalue.

C.Thetuatarasgeneticuniquenessmakesitmorelikelytodieoutliketheothermembersofitsfamilywhichdisappeared60millionyearsago,andthereforeitshouldbegivenahigherbiodiversityvalue.

D.Becauseofthehigherbiodiversityvaluecontributedbythetuataratoitshabitat,thetuataraqualifiesforspecialstatustopreventitfromvanishingliketheothermembersofitsfamilydid60millionyearsago.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:D

第7題:D

第8題:B

【解析】13.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章首先引出“生物多樣性”的定義，介紹了全球大概的物種數(shù)量，接著介紹了研究生物多樣性的意義，說(shuō)明本文的主要目的是介紹生物多樣性的概念。因此B選項(xiàng)“解釋生物多樣性的概念”正確。A選項(xiàng)“解釋為什么生物多樣性對(duì)我們的生存至關(guān)重要”，原文只提到生物多樣性對(duì)我們的生存至關(guān)重要，沒(méi)有具體闡述，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“說(shuō)明為什么當(dāng)?shù)氐纳锒鄻有员热虻纳锒鄻有愿匾敝皇窃牡囊徊糠謨?nèi)容，不能概括全文主旨，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“闡明生物多樣性的減少所帶來(lái)的危險(xiǎn)”，原文沒(méi)有講到生物多樣性減少的危害，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

14.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段，第二段中說(shuō)到Undoubtedly,manyspeciesremaintobediscovered…Itmustalsoberememberedthatweareinthemidstofamassextinctionevent…Takentogether,thesetwouncertainelementspreventtheglobalbiodiversityestimatefrombecomingmuchmorethananeducatedguess.（毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，還有許多物種有待發(fā)現(xiàn)……還必須記住，我們正處于大規(guī)模滅絕事件之中……綜合來(lái)看，這兩個(gè)不確定因素使全球生物多樣性的估計(jì)不能成為一個(gè)有根據(jù)的猜測(cè)。），說(shuō)明物種的數(shù)量有增有減，在不斷的變化中，所以不能準(zhǔn)確衡量生物的多樣性。因此A選項(xiàng)“物種的數(shù)量在不斷變化”正確。B選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物的種群從一個(gè)地方移到另一個(gè)地方”，C選項(xiàng)“我們不知道所有物種在生態(tài)方面的作用”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以B，C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“生物多樣性的定義還不夠明確”，原文明確給出了生物多樣性的定義，即在一個(gè)特定的棲息地或生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)現(xiàn)的植物和動(dòng)物物種的數(shù)量，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

15.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】詞義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“enormity”可以定位到文章第三段第三句Despitetheapparentenormityofthenumberofspeciesthatinhabittheearthasawhole,localbiodiversity—thenumberofspeciesfoundinanyonehabitat—fluctuatesgreatlyaswecrosstheboundariesseparatingtheecosystemsthatmakeuptheEarth’sbiosphere.（盡管存在于整個(gè)地球上的物種數(shù)量明顯很龐大，但當(dāng)我們跨越分隔地球生物圈的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的界限時(shí)，當(dāng)?shù)氐纳锒鄻有浴谌魏我粋€(gè)棲息地中發(fā)現(xiàn)的物種數(shù)量都會(huì)極大地波動(dòng)。），說(shuō)明“enormity”在文中是指“數(shù)量龐大”的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)“大量”準(zhǔn)確。A選項(xiàng)“重要”，B選項(xiàng)“質(zhì)量”，D選項(xiàng)“準(zhǔn)確”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

16.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Itreachesitshighestlevelsonthecoralreefsandinthetropicalrainforestswheretheremaybethousandsofspeciesperacre.（它在珊瑚礁和熱帶雨林中達(dá)到最高水平，那里每英畝可能有數(shù)千種物種。），說(shuō)明物種數(shù)量最多的地方在珊瑚礁和熱帶雨林。因此A選項(xiàng)“珊瑚礁”正確。B選項(xiàng)“在當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)之間的邊界地區(qū)”，C選項(xiàng)“在海底的海藻林中”，D選項(xiàng)“在淡水湖泊和溪流中”均不符合題意，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

17.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“specialfunction”可以定位到文章最后一段第一句itmaybedeemedmoresignificantbyvirtueoftheroleitplaysintheecosystem.（由于它在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮的作用，可能被認(rèn)為更重要。），說(shuō)明物種在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮的作用是評(píng)估生物多樣性的要素，A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)特定的物種在一個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮的特殊功能”表述正確，排除A。由B選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“numberofspecies”可以定位到文章第三段第三句localbiodiversity—thenumberofspeciesfoundinanyonehabitat—fluctuatesgreatlyaswecrosstheboundariesseparatingtheecosystemsthatmakeuptheEarth’sbiosphere.（當(dāng)我們跨越分隔地球生物圈的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的界限時(shí)，當(dāng)?shù)氐纳锒鄻有浴谌魏我粋€(gè)棲息地中發(fā)現(xiàn)的物種數(shù)量都會(huì)極大地波動(dòng)。），說(shuō)明物種的數(shù)量是評(píng)估生物多樣性的要素，B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中存在的物種數(shù)量”表述正確，排除B。由C選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“geneticuniqueness”可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句thetuataraqualifiesongroundsofgeneticuniquenesstobeweightedmoreheavilyincalculatingthebiodiversityofitshabitat.（在計(jì)算其棲息地的生物多樣性時(shí)，鱷蜥的基因獨(dú)特性更值得重視。），說(shuō)明基因獨(dú)特性是評(píng)估生物多樣性的要素，C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的物種的基因獨(dú)特性”表述正確，排除C。D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)所覆蓋的區(qū)域的大小”在文中沒(méi)有提及，不屬于評(píng)估生物多樣性的要素，本題選D。

18.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第四、五句Itmustalsoberememberedthatweareinthemidstofamassextinctionevent.Speciesarenowdisappearingatarateestimatedtobebetween1,000and10,000timesfasterthantheaverageforthehistoryoflifeonearth.（我們還必須記住，我們正處于大規(guī)模滅絕事件之中。物種正在以比地球生命歷史平均速度快1000到10000倍的速度消失。），說(shuō)明全球生物多樣性在減少。因此D選項(xiàng)“地球正經(jīng)歷著全球生物多樣性的減少”正確。A選項(xiàng)“局部的生物多樣性可能會(huì)改變，但全球的生物多樣性不會(huì)改變”，由原文可知全球的生物多樣性在不斷的變化中，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“在考慮生物多樣性時(shí)，所有的物種都有相同的意義”，由原文可知，一些有基因獨(dú)特性或者在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮特殊作用的物種對(duì)于生物多樣性有著更重要的意義，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“生物多樣性的概念對(duì)生態(tài)學(xué)家沒(méi)有什么價(jià)值”，原文說(shuō)的是物種數(shù)量對(duì)研究人員來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)有多大實(shí)際價(jià)值，而不是生物多樣性這個(gè)概念，理解生物多樣性的真正意義是至關(guān)重要的，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

19.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干中的句子Theeffectofthiswouldbeadramaticlossoflocalbiodiversity.（這個(gè)的后果將是局部生物多樣性的急劇喪失。）講的是某種做法的結(jié)果，會(huì)導(dǎo)致生物多樣性急劇喪失，D處前文說(shuō)到如果沒(méi)有海獺捕食海膽，海膽就會(huì)大量消滅海藻，許多生物將會(huì)失去棲息地，那么下文應(yīng)該說(shuō)到它的后果，即局部生物多樣性急劇喪失。因此該句放在D處最合適。

20.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Astheonlysurvivingmemberofafamilyofreptilesthat,exceptforit,diedout60millionyearsago,thetuataraqualifiesongroundsofgeneticuniquenesstobeweightedmoreheavilyincalculatingthebiodiversityofitshabitat.（鱷蜥是爬行動(dòng)物族中唯一幸存的成員，除它之外，該族其他物種在6000萬(wàn)年前就滅絕了。在計(jì)算其棲息地的生物多樣性時(shí)，鱷蜥的基因獨(dú)特性更值得重視。），說(shuō)明鱷蜥作為唯一幸存下來(lái)的物種，其基因獨(dú)特性使它在計(jì)算生物多樣性時(shí)更重要。因此B選項(xiàng)“由于所有其他基因相似的動(dòng)物在6000萬(wàn)年前就消失了，鱷蜥應(yīng)該得到更大的生物多樣性權(quán)重，因此它為當(dāng)?shù)氐纳锒鄻有栽黾恿瞬粚こ５膬r(jià)值?！闭_。A選項(xiàng)“作為一個(gè)有著6000萬(wàn)年歷史的爬行動(dòng)物家族中最后一個(gè)滅絕的物種，鱷蜥在基因上非常特殊，它將提高所居住棲息地的生物多樣性計(jì)算值。”，由原文可知，鱷蜥沒(méi)有滅絕，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“鱷蜥的基因獨(dú)特性使它更有可能像6000萬(wàn)年前消失的其他家族成員一樣消亡，因此它應(yīng)該被賦予更高的生物多樣性?xún)r(jià)值?！?，由原文可知，鱷蜥的基因獨(dú)特性使它更容易存活下來(lái)，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“由于鱷蜥對(duì)其棲息地具有更高的生物多樣性?xún)r(jià)值，鱷蜥有資格獲得特殊地位，以防止其像6000萬(wàn)年前的其他家族成員一樣消失。”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

3.單選題

Theshipwas（）inastormoffJamaica.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.owned

B.sunk

C.wrecked

D.submitted

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。此處考查的是動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞形式作為形容詞使用的詞義，A選項(xiàng)owned“自身?yè)碛械摹保籅選項(xiàng)sunk“凹陷的；低沉的；失去希望的”；C選項(xiàng)wrecked“失事的”；D選項(xiàng)submitted“屈服的”。句意：這艘船在牙買(mǎi)加附近的風(fēng)暴中……?！帮L(fēng)暴”與“船”聯(lián)系在一起，符合常理的就是“失事”了，C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Howcanthetrainoperatorspossiblyjustifyyetanotherincreasetorailpassengerfares?Ithasbecomeagrimlyreliableannualritual:everyJanuarythecostoftravellingbytrainrises,imposingasignificantextraburdenonthosewhohavenooptionbuttousetherailnetworktogettoworkorotherwise.Thisyear'srise,anaverageof2.7percent,maybeafractionlowerthanlastyear's,butitisstillwellabovetheofficialConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)measureofinflation.

Successivegovernmentshavepermittedsuchincreasesonthegroundsthatthecostofinvestinginandrunningtherailnetworkshouldbebornebythosewhouseit,ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer.Why,theargumentgoes,shouldacar-drivingpensionerfromLincolnshirehavetosubsidizethedailycommuteofastockbrokerfromSurrey?Equally,thereisasensethatthetravailsofcommutersintheSouthEast,manyofwhomwillfaceamongthebiggestrises,havereceivedtoomuchattentioncomparedtothosewhomustenduretherelativelypoorinfrastructureoftheMidlandsandtheNorth.

However,overthepast12months,thosecommutershavealsoexperiencedsomeoftheworstrailstrikesinyears.Itisallverywelltrainoperatorstrumpetingtheimprovementstheyaremakingtothenetwork,butpassengersshouldbeabletoexpectabasiclevelofserviceforthesubstantialsumstheyarenowpayingtotravel.Theresponsibilityforthelatestwaveofstrikesrestsontheunions.However,thereisastrongcasethatthosewhohavebeenworstaffectedbyindustrialactionshouldreceivecompensationforthedisruptiontheyhavesuffered.

TheGovernmenthaspledgedtochangethelawtointroduceaminimumservicerequirementsothat,evenwhenstrikesoccur,servicescancontinuetooperate.Thisshouldformpartofawiderpackageofmeasurestoaddressthelong-runningproblemsonBritain'srailways.Yes,moreinvestmentisneeded,butpassengerswillnotbewillingtopaymoreindefinitelyiftheymustalsoendurecramped,unreliableservices,punctuatedbyregularchaoswhentimetablesarechanged,orplannedmaintenanceismanagedincompetently.Thethreatofnationalizationmayhavebeenseenofffornow,butitwillreturnwithavengeanceifthejustifiedangerofpassengersisnotaddressedinshortorder.

1.Theauthorholdsthatthisyear'sincreaseinrailpassengersfares（

）.

2.ThestockbrokerinParagraph2isusedtostandfor（

）.

3.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thattrainoperators（

）.

4.Ifunabletocalmdownpassengers,therailwaysmayhavetoface（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willeasetrainoperation'sburden

B.haskeptpacewithinflation

C.isabigsurprisetocommuters

D.remainsanunreasonablemeasure

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.cardrivers

B.railtravelers

C.localinvestors

D.ordinarytaxpayers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.areofferingcompensationstocommuters

B.aretryingtorepairrelationswiththeunions

C.havefailedtoprovideanadequateservice

D.havesufferedhugelossesowingtothestrikes

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thelossofinvestment

B.thecollapseofoperations

C.areductionofrevenue

D.achangeofownership

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.WhoAretoBlamefortheStrikes?

B.ConstantComplainingDoesn'tWork

C.CanNationalizationBringHope?

D.Ever-risingFaresAren'tSustainable

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

5.單選題

Colorandsexarenotrelevant（

）whetherapersonissuitableforthejob.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.for

C.to

D.with

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配的介詞。berelevantto表示“與……相關(guān)的”，句意：人種和性別與一個(gè)人是否適合工作無(wú)關(guān)。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

AclassactionlawsuithasbeenfiledagainstaprominentTorontodoctorbypatientswhoallegeheinjectedabannedsubstanceintotheirfacesforcosmeticpurposes.Thedoctorhadalreadybeeninvestigatedformorethanthreeyearsforusingtheliquidsilicone,aproductnotauthorizedforuseinCanada.

Somepatientssaytheyarenowsufferinghealthproblemsandthinktheliquidsiliconemaybetoblame.OneofthosepatientsisAnnaBarbiero.ShesaysherTorontodermatologisttoldherhewasusingliquidsiliconetosmoothoutwrinkles.Whatshesayshedidn’ttellheristhatitisn'tapprovedforuseinCanada.“Ididn'tknowwhatliquidsiliconewasandhejustcalleditliquidgold,Barbieroremembers.Afterherlasttreatment,AnnadiscoveredDr.SheldonPollackhadbeenorderedtostopusingthesiliconetwoyearsearlierbyHealthCanada.Expertssaysiliconecanmigratethroughthebody,andcauseinflammationanddeformities.

“Myupperlipisalwaysnumbanditburns”，Barbierosays.Barbieroisspearheading（帶頭）alawsuitagainstthedoctor,whoherlawyerthinksmightinvolveupto100patientsinjectedwiththesamematerial.“Thefact,aphysicianofhisstaturewoulduseanunauthorizedproductonapatientbecausehethoughtitwasokay,isreallyverydisturbing.”sayslawyerDouglasElliott.

Ontario’sCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeonsisalsoinvestigatingDr.Pollacktoseeif,infact,hecontinuedtousethesiliconeafteragreeingtostopandwhetherhewroteinpatientrecordsthatheusedanotherlegalproductwhenheusedsilicone.However,inalettertotheCollege,Dr.PollackwrotethathehadalwaystoldpatientsthatthesiliconewasnotapprovedforsaleinCanada,andhadwarnedthemoftherisks.AndinBarviero’scase,“atthetimeofherfirstvisit,priortohereverreceivingIGLStreatment,IspecificallyinformedherthatthematerialwasnotapprovedforsaleinCanadabytheHealthProtectionBranchandthatIdidreceivethematerialfromoutsidethecountryIwouldliketoemphasizethat,asisevidentonMs.Barbiero’schart,IdrewaspecificdiagramonthechartwhichIcarefullydiscussedwithandexplainedtoMs.BarbieroasIdidwitheveryotherpatienttoexplainthenatureandlikelihoodofcomplicationsandthereasonsandconsequencesofthosepossiblecomplications.”

Dr.PollackdeclinetospeaktoCTVNews,ortohavehislawyerdiscussthecase.Noneoftheallegationshavebeenprovenincourt.Butthecauseraisesquestionsabouttheabilityofgoverningbodiestomonitordoctors.“There’salargemessageandthatis:buyerbeware,”saysNancyNeilsenofCosmeticSurgeryCanada,It'sincumbent（負(fù)有義務(wù)的）onconsumerstodotheirresearch.”

1.DoctorSheldonPollackwaschargedthat（）.

2.Whatdoestheword"dermatoIogist"(Line2.Para2)mean?

3.TheinvestigationofOntario'sCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeonsistofind（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

5.Fromtheendingpartofthepassage,wecanconcludethat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hehadprescribedwrongmedicineforpatientsbymistake

B.hehadtreatedhispatientswithsomethingillegal,causingbadresult

C.hehadpretendedtobeaprominentsurgeon

D.hehadsoldanunauthorizedproductinlargeamount

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Apersonwhoseworkisfilling,cleaningandtakingoutteeth

B.Apersonwhoseworkisstudyingmentaldiseases

C.Apersonwhoseworkishealingeyediseases

/r/