考研考博-英語-廣州中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣州中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.翻譯題

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.

Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.

Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,9/11andavianfluremindusthatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.

Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge—butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now,whensoundbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdoutessays,andwhenindividuallivesgrowmorecrazy,collegegraduatescapableofdeepreflectionarewhatourworldneeds.

ForallthesereasonsIbelieved—andIbelieveevenmorestronglytoday—intheuniqueandirreplaceablemissionofuniversities.

【答案】科技和技術(shù)的進步正在使我們能夠去了解宇宙最遠的地方、物質(zhì)最基本的成分和生命的奇跡。

與此同時，人類今天的作為和不作為，不僅危及地球上的生命，且還危害地球本身的壽命。

全球化正在讓世界變得更小、更快速地運轉(zhuǎn)和更富裕。但是，9/11事件和禽流感卻提醒我們一個更小、更快速運轉(zhuǎn)的世界不一定是一個更安全的世界。

我們的世界正充滿知識，但其迫切需要智慧。現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)（新聞采訪的）原聲摘要播出正變得更短、即時信息排擠短文和和個人生活變得更瘋狂時，能夠深思的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生是我們這個世界所需要的。

由于這些原因，我相信，并且我今天甚至更堅定地相信，大學(xué)有著獨特的且無可取代的使命。

2.單選題

Thesegoodsare（）forexport,thoughafewofthemmaybesoldonthehomemarket.

問題1選項

A.essentially

B.completely

C.necessarily

D.remarkably

【答案】A

【解析】句意:盡管其中一些產(chǎn)品可以在國內(nèi)銷售，但是這些產(chǎn)品基本上是出口銷售。

考查副詞辨析。Essentially本質(zhì)上；根本上；基本上；completely完全地；necessarily必要地；remarkably明顯地。因此A符合句意。

3.單選題

The（

）preventsthepeopleinthetwoneighboringnationsfromlivinginpeace.

問題1選項

A.brevity

B.amenity

C.enmity

D.fidelity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。brevity“簡潔”；amenity“舒適，愉悅”；enmity“敵意，憎恨”；fidelity“忠誠”。題干中提到有一種東西會阻止兩鄰國友好相處，這種東西很明顯是enmity，選項C符合題意。

4.單選題

Toomuch（）toX-rayscancauseskinburns,cancerorotherdamagetothebody.

問題1選項

A.exposure

B.disclosure

C.contact

D.connection

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。exposureto“暴露于”；disclosure“揭發(fā)”；contact“接觸”；connection“聯(lián)系”。句意：過多暴露在X射線下對皮膚有傷害，也可能導(dǎo)致癌癥或者其他傷害。選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Carefulplanningandhardworkwill（）ourfinalsuccess.

問題1選項

A.ensure

B.enclose

C.discharge

D.deny

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。ensure“保證，確保”；enclose“圍繞，裝入”；discharge“準(zhǔn)許，釋放，排出”；deny“否定，否認”。句意：認真的計劃和努力的工作將確保我們最后的成功。只有A項符合句意。

6.單選題

Waterproblemsinthefuturewillbecomemoreintenseandmorecomplex.Ourincreasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldeceasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesseswillproducelargevolumesofliquidwastes,andmanyofthesewillcontainchemicalswhicharenoxious.Tofeedourrapidlyexpandingpopulation,agriculturewillhavetobeintensified.Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals.Fromthis,itisapparentthatdrasticstepsmustbetakenimmediatelytodevelopcorrectivemeasuresforthepollutionproblem.

Therearetwowaysbywhichthispollutionproblemcanbedwindled.Thefirstrelatestothetreatmentofwastestodecreasetheirpollutionhazard.Thisinvolvestheprocessingofsolidwastes"priorto"disposalandthetreatmentofliquidwastes,oreffluents,topermitthereuseofthewaterorminimizepollutionuponfinaldisposal.

Asecondapproachistodevelopaneconomicuseforallorapartofthewastes.Farmmanureisspreadinfieldsasanutrientororganicsupplement.Effluentsfromsewagedisposalplantsareusedinsomeareasbothforirrigationandforthenutrientscontained.Effluentsfromotherprocessingplantsmayalsobeusedasasupplementalsourceofwater.Manyindustries,suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproducesintomarketablebyproducts.Otherindustriesareexploringpotentialeconomicusesforwasteproducts.

1.Thepurposeofthispassageis（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?

3.Thereadercanconcludethat

（

）.

4.Theauthorgivessubstancetothepassagethroughtheuseof

（

）.

5.Thewords"priorto"(Para.2)probablymean（

）.

問題1選項

A.toalertthereadertothedwindlingwatersupply

B.toexplainindustrialusesofwater

C.toacquaintthereaderwithwaterpollutionproblems

D.todemonstratevariousmeasurestosolvethepollutionproblem

問題2選項

A.Industrialdevelopmentincludesthesimplificationofcomplexchemicalprocesses.

B.Dilutingwastesneedscertainamountofwater

C.Demandsforwaterwillgoupalongwiththeexpandingpopulation

D.Intensivecultivationoflandrequiresmoreandmorechemicals

問題3選項

A.countriesoftheworldwillworktogetheronpollutionproblems

B.byproductsfromwastesleadtoamoreprosperousmarketplace

C.scienceismakinggreatprogressonincreasingwatersupplies

D.someindustriesarenowaskingeconomicuseofwastes

問題4選項

A.interviewswithauthoritiesinthefieldofwatercontrols

B.opinionsandpersonalobservations

C.definitionswhichclarifyimportantterms

D.strongargumentsandpersuasions

問題5選項

A.after

B.during

C.before

D.beyond

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。原文第一段首先指出未來的水問題將變得更加嚴(yán)重和復(fù)雜，尤其是污水問題。接下來在二三段主要講解決污水問題的方法。所以本文主要的目的是為了讓人們了解污水問題，選項C正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“..increasingdemandsforwaterwilldecreasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.”可知選項B和C有涉及；根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals.”可知選項D有涉及。只有選項A在文中沒有信息提及。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Otherindustriesareexploringpotentialeconomicusesforwasteproducts.”其他行業(yè)正在探索廢棄產(chǎn)物的潛在經(jīng)濟用途。選項D與原文表述一致。

4.判斷推理題。從全文來看，作者只是在表達個人的觀點以及陳述個人觀察的結(jié)果:介紹水污染及其解決辦法，所以選項B正確。

5.詞匯題。根據(jù)句意可知，“theprocessingofsolidwastes”應(yīng)該是在“disposal”之前，所以選項C正確。

7.單選題

The（）emphasisonexaminationsisbyfartheworstformofcompetitioninschools.

問題1選項

A.negligent

B.edible

C.fabulous

D.disproportionate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項“疏忽的，粗心大意的”；B選項“可食用的”；C選項“驚人的，大量的”；D選項“不成比例的，太多的”，句意：（）強調(diào)考試是目前學(xué)校中最糟糕的競爭形式。而本題空格處講的應(yīng)該是過多地強調(diào)考試，因此D選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Theystoodatthetopofthemountainandviewedthebeautiful（）.

問題1選項

A.lapse

B.landscape

C.layout

D.locality

【答案】B

【解析】lapse小錯,過失；landscape風(fēng)景；layout布局,設(shè)計；locality地點,位置。句意：他們站在山頂欣賞美麗的風(fēng)景。選項B符合句意。

9.單選題

Althoughheisveryrich,hisundutifulchildrenarethe（）ofhislife.

問題1選項

A.torch

B.torment

C.topic

D.topper

【答案】B

【解析】句意:雖然他很富有，但是他那些不孝順的孩子是他人生的一大痛苦。

考查名詞辨析。。torch火炬，手電筒；torment痛苦，苦惱，折磨；topic主題，題目；topper大禮帽，高檔的東西。因此B符合句意。

10.單選題

Thosestudentswhohavemadeadequatepreparationsforthetestwillbebetteroff.

問題1選項

A.morewealthyt

B.lesssuccessfult

C.dismissedearliert

D.favorablypositioned

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞語辨析。主語是students（學(xué)生），根據(jù)句子語境推測betteroff表示“表現(xiàn)好，排名靠前”；A項wealthy“富有的”，它的比較級形式是wealthier；B項lesssuccessful“不太成功”，C項dismissedearlier“更早淘汰”，D項favorablypositioned“很好的排名，排名靠前”。句意：那些為考試做了充分準(zhǔn)備的學(xué)生排名靠前。根據(jù)句意可知D項正確。

11.單選題

EventhosewhodisagreedwithCarmen’sviewsrarelyfaultedherforexpressingthem,forthepositionsshetookwereas（

）astheywerecontroversial.

問題1選項

A.complicated

B.thoughtful

C.subjective

D.commonplace

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。complicated“難懂的，復(fù)雜的”；thoughtful“深思的；體貼的”；subjective“主觀的；自覺的”；commonplace“平凡的；普通的”。句意：即使是那些不同意卡門觀點的人，也很少指責(zé)她的表達，因為卡門所采取的立場如同有爭議那樣讓人深思。由controversial可知，既然該立場有爭議，所以引人深思。故B項符合題意。

12.單選題

Thedevil,astheoldsayinggoes,isinthedetails.Or,inthecaseofthenewEstonianlawsettingupanationalgeneticdatabank,thereisreasonforconcernthatthedevilmaygetinvolvedintheactualworkingsofthatcountry’sHumanGeneResearchAct.

Theauthorsofthe34-sectionacthavemadeaseriousefforttopreventmisuseofthedataandtoprotectgenedonors’rightsandprivacy.Participationintheprojectisstrictlyvoluntary,onthebasisofinformedconsent.Itwillbeillegaltoaskanyoneifheorsheisparticipatinginthefreeprogram.Peoplewon’tbepaidforprovidingatissuesample,medical,andfamilyhistorytotheEstonianGeneBank.Thatinformationisimmediatelygiven“auniquecodeconsistingofatleast16randomcharacters”.GeneticandmedicaldatabecomeandremainthepropertyoftheEstonianGeneBank—exceptthatindividualdonorshavetheright,“atanytime,”torequest“destructionofthedatawhichenablesdecoding.”

Theycanalsohavetheirsamplematerialsdestroyediftheiridentityhasbeenunlawfullydisclosed.

Donorsareentitledtotheirowngeneticdata,atnocharge,asaretheirdesignatedphysicians.Nooneelsehaslawfulaccesstothisinformation.Indeed,itisunlawfultoask—andtheactcontainsspecificparagraphsthatforbidemployersandinsurancecompaniestogathersuchinformation,ortotreat“peoplewithdifferentgeneticrisks”differentlyasemployeesorinsuranceclients.Geneticinformationmaybereleasedtoresearchers“onlyincodedform,asasetofdataandontheconditionthattissuesamplesordataconcerningatleastfivegenedonorsareissuedatatime.”

SupportersoftheprojectexpectthattheEstonianGeneBankwillbecomeafavoritesourceofinformationforresearchersassociatedwithbiotechnologyandpharmaceuticalcompaniesthatareexpectedtopayhandsomelyforaccesstothedecoded(andanonymous)information.SomefirmsareexpectedtosetupshopinEstonia,presumablyinorneartheUniversityCityofTartuwheremostEstoniangeneticistsliveandwork.Theprojectisexpectedto“putEstoniaonthemap”andleadtoaneconomicbonanzaforanewlyindependentcountrywithfewnaturalresources.

Noteverybodysharesthatview.Regardlessofthefavorablepollresults,anumberofobjectionshavebeenpublishedinEstonian-languagenewspapers.Theserangefromthesimplistic“Ifit’ssuchagreatidea,howcometheFrenchandGermansaren’tdoingitalready?”toargumentsthatthestart-upmoneycouldbespentonbetterthings.Somecommentatorsarealsoconcernedaboutprivacy.Informationinthedatabankcouldbeusedforblackmailandisthereadatabankintheworldthatistrulysecurefromhackers?Andwhataboutleaks?Allegationsofcorruptionareafactofpubliclifeinpost-Sovietindependentstates.Estonia’sscandalshavebeenlessluridthanthoseofotherstates,buttherehavebeenenoughtoengenderconsiderablecynicism,notjustaboutleakeddata,butalsoaboutpayoffswherelucrativecontractsareinvolved.

16.Thesaying“Thedevilisinthedetails”isusedtoimplythat________.

17.UnderEstonianlaw,donorsmayrequesttohavetheirtissuesamplesdestroyed________.

18.Thephrase“putEstoniaonthemap”(para.5)mostlikelymeans________.

19.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat,inregardtothenewgeneticdatabank________.

20.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsEstonia’snewlawsgoverningthegeneticdatabankseemstobe________.

問題1選項

A.Estonia’snewgeneticdatabankhasimmoralimplications

B.whiletheoverallideaisgood,thedetailsofthegeneticbank’sworkingsareflawed

C.despitetheirefforts,thenewlawsmaynotpreventmisuseofgeneticdata

D.itisinherentlywrongtocollectgeneticdata

問題2選項

A.atanytime

B.iftheirsecretcodehasbeendecoded

C.iftheiridentityhasbeenrevealedillegally

D.withtheirphysician’sapproval

問題3選項

A.gaininternationalfamefortheEstoniangovernment

B.confirmEstonia’spost-Sovietindependence

C.gainrespectforgeneticsresearchconductedinEstonia

D.bringglobalrecognitiontothislittle-knowncountry

問題4選項

A.publicpollingwasmostlikelycorrupt

B.mostEstoniansapproveofit

C.onlylesseducatedcitizensareobjectingtothenewlaws

D.Estoniansaresharplydividedontheissue

問題5選項

A.ambivalence

B.caution

C.approval

D.skepticism

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Thedevil,astheoldsayinggoes,isinthedetails.Or,inthecaseofthenewEstonianlawsettingupanationalgeneticdatabank,thereisreasonforconcernthatthedevilmaygetinvolvedintheactualworkingsofthatcountry’sHumanGeneResearchAct.（正如一句老話所說，細節(jié)決定成敗?；蛘?，在愛沙尼亞建立國家基因數(shù)據(jù)庫的新法律中，人們有理由擔(dān)心魔鬼可能會參與該國《人類基因研究法》的實際運作。），第一句話的重點是細節(jié)，按照兩句話的先后順序，推理出作者想要表達基因數(shù)據(jù)庫存在細節(jié)上的缺陷，B選項“雖然總體想法是好的，但基因數(shù)據(jù)庫的工作細節(jié)是有缺陷的”正確。A選項“愛沙尼亞新的基因數(shù)據(jù)庫有不道德的成分”，C選項“盡管他們做出了努力，新的法律可能不會防止基因數(shù)據(jù)的濫用”和D選項“收集基因數(shù)據(jù)本身就是錯誤的”不是這里表達的重點，不符合題意。因此B選項正確。

17.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段Theycanalsohavetheirsamplematerialsdestroyediftheiridentityhasbeenunlawfullydisclosed.（如果他們的身份被非法泄露，他們的樣本材料也可能被銷毀。），可知組織樣本被銷毀的條件是C選項“如果他們的身份被非法揭露”。A選項“隨時”：根據(jù)第二段最后一句GeneticandmedicaldatabecomeandremainthepropertyoftheEstonianGeneBank—exceptthatindividualdonorshavetheright,“atanytime,”torequest“destructionofthedatawhichenablesdecoding.”（遺傳和醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)成為并仍然是愛沙尼亞基因庫的財產(chǎn)，但個人捐助者有權(quán)“在任何時候”要求“銷毀可解碼的數(shù)據(jù)”。），可知任何時候可以銷毀的是可解碼的數(shù)據(jù)，而非樣本，故錯誤。B選項“如果他們的密碼被破譯”和D選項“得到他們的醫(yī)生的批準(zhǔn)”文章沒有提到。因此C選項正確。

18.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句Theprojectisexpectedto“putEstoniaonthemap”andleadtoaneconomicbonanzaforanewlyindependentcountrywithfewnaturalresources.（這個項目有望“讓愛沙尼亞在地圖上嶄露頭角”，并為這個剛剛獨立、自然資源貧乏的國家?guī)斫?jīng)濟上的巨大財富。），可知愛沙尼亞獨立不久，需要國際社會的認可，這是一個國家在國際社會上基礎(chǔ)的需求，D選項“為這個鮮為人知的國家?guī)砣蛘J可”正確，A選項“為愛沙尼亞政府贏得國際聲譽”是在被認可的基礎(chǔ)上更進一步的需求，屬于過度推斷。B選項“確認愛沙尼亞在后蘇聯(lián)時代的獨立”：愛沙尼亞已經(jīng)獨立了，不需要通過其他方式證明。C選項“在愛沙尼亞進行的遺傳學(xué)研究獲得了尊重”：不是表達的重點，不符合題意。因此D選項正確。

19.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段第二句Regardlessofthefavorablepollresults,anumberofobjectionshavebeenpublishedinEstonian-languagenewspapers.（不管民調(diào)結(jié)果如何，愛沙尼亞語報紙上刊登了許多反對意見。），句子是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，表明前面想要表達大多數(shù)人贊成，B選項“大多數(shù)愛沙尼亞人贊成”正確。A選項“公眾投票很可能是墮落的”：根據(jù)第六段倒數(shù)第二句Allegationsofcorruptionareafactofpubliclifeinpost-Sovietindependentstates.（對墮落的指控是后蘇聯(lián)獨立國家公共生活的一個事實。），這里指的是公共生活墮落的大背景，而非投票這件事，故錯誤。C選項“只有教育程度較低的公民反對新法律”：文中沒有提到教育程度不同的人對此的看法，故錯誤。D選項“愛沙尼亞人在這個問題上有尖銳的分歧”：不是表達的重點，沒有體現(xiàn)尖銳，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

20.觀點態(tài)度題。作者首先客觀地講述這項立法的細則，再分別表達支持者和反對者的觀點，而沒有直接表達自己對此的看法，所以B選項“謹慎”正確，A選項“矛盾”，C選項“贊同”和D選項“懷疑”不符合題意。因此B選項正確。

13.單選題

The________thatshesuggestedfordiscussionwerebasedonthemostrecentmedicalresearch.

問題1選項

A.contributions

B.occupations

C.expostulations

D.amendments

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“contribution”，意為“貢獻，捐款”；B選項“occupation”,意為“占有權(quán)，職業(yè)”；C選項“expostulation”意為“勸導(dǎo)，忠告”；D選項“amendment”，意為“改善，修正建議”。句意：她建議討論的修正案是基于最新的醫(yī)學(xué)研究。因此，D選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Aftersheheardthesadnewsfromherfather,shewasinavery____mood.

問題1選項

A.cheerful

B.amusing

C.thoughtful

D.pessimistic

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.cheerful開心的B.amusing有趣的

C.thoughtful考慮周到的；有思想深度的D.pessimistic悲觀的

【答案】D

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】空格處所在部分語義為“她處于一種____的情緒”，前文提到“當(dāng)她從父親那里聽到這個不幸的（sadnews）消息后”，根據(jù)“不幸的消息”推測，她應(yīng)該是心情不好，D選項“pessimistic”符合原句語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】她從父親那里聽到這個不幸的消息后，情緒非常悲觀。

15.單選題

Donationsareneededto（）ourchild-careprograms.

問題1選項

A.implement

B.validate

C.strengthen

D.approve

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。implement實施，實現(xiàn)；validate證實，確認；strengthen加強，鞏固；approve批準(zhǔn)，贊成。句意：實施我們的托兒所項目需要捐款。選項A符合句意。

16.單選題

His（

）lifeasarevolutionarymadehimhighlyadaptabletovariouskindsofhardlivingconditions.

問題1選項

A.erratic

B.eccentric

C.erroneous

D.inured

【答案】A

【解析】erratic不穩(wěn)定的；eccentric古怪的，反常的；erroneous錯誤的，不正確的；inured習(xí)慣的。句意：作為革命者，飄忽不定的生活使他能夠適應(yīng)各種艱苦的生活條件。選項A符合句意。

17.單選題

Fallingsalesandrisingoverheadshaveobligedthecompanytorevieweachcustomer’s（

）limit.

問題1選項

A.credit

B.currency

C.check

D.certificate

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項credit“借貸，貸款，信譽”；B選項currency“貨幣”；C選項check“支票”；D選項certificate“證明，證明書”。根據(jù)limit（限制，限額）可知A選項符合語境。句意：銷量下降和管理費用上升迫使公司審查每個客戶的信貸限額。

18.單選題

In1979theCatholicChurchfinallyforgivesGalileoforclaimingthattheEarthandotherplanetrevolvedaroundthesun.In1633theexaminersattheMinervaChurchinRomehadfoundGalileoguiltyofheresy,spreadingfalsebeliefs.

Galileowassixty-eightyearsoldatthetimeofhistrialandwasill.Aftertwodaysofcontinuousquestioningandthetreatoftorture,Galileo,confessedtoheresyandkneeledbeforetheexaminers,sayingforalltoherethathistheorieshadbeenwrong.ThejudgecouldhavehadGalileoburnedatthestakeforhisbeliefs,butbecausehehadconfessed,theywerelenientwiththeastronomer.Theysentencedhimtoanunlimitedterminprison,butquicklychangedthesentencetohousearrestinhisownhome,effectivelyendingGalileo’steachingcareer.

ForyearGalileohadbelievedthatearliertheorythatthestartrevolvedaroundtheEarth,wasincorrect,buthekeptoutofrespectfortheChurch.Hehadneverfinishedhisuniversitystudiesinmathematicsbecausehehadrunoutofmoney,buthisbrilliantworkasastudentallowedhimtoteach.Heprovedheuniformeffectofgravityinseriesofbrilliantcalculations,forexample,notbydroppingafeatherandacannonballfromtheLearningTowerofPisa,hishomecity,asiscommonlythought.

In1606,though,Galileolearnedoftheinventionofthetelescope:heredesignedandimprovedhisowntelescopeinoneday.Usingthetelescopetotesthismathematicalcalculations,healsodiscoveredJupiter’smoons,thefeaturesofEarth’smoon,andthestructureoftheMilkyWay.Butwhilewatchingthemovementofsunspots,hebecameconvinced,onceandforall,thattheearlierastronomer,Copernicus,wasright:theEarthandotherplanetsorbitedaroundthesun.TheEarthwanoneofmanyplanets,andnotthecenteroftheuniverse.GalileobegantopressforpermissionfromChurchtowriteabouthistheoriesoftheworldandin1642hereceivedpermission.

Hisgreatestbook,contrastingthetwosystems,waswrittenandpublishedeightyearslater.DialogueConcerningtheTwoWorldSystemswasquicklyseenasalandmarkscientificwork,bothforitsideasanditsfluewriting.ButtheChurchmeantimehaditsownproblemswiththeProtestantReformation.ChurchleadersnowconsideredGalileo’sworkdangerousandrevolutionary.A"document"wasfoundthatcontradictedthepermissionGalileothoughhehadobtainedtowriteabouthistheories.Galileowasthenarrestedandplacedbeforetheinquisition.Galileodiedin1642,blindandstillimprisonedinhisownhome.Heretainedconvincedthathehadalwaysbeenfight.

Thechurch345yearslater,finallyagreedthathehadbeencorrect.ThefindingsofthejudgesatGalileo'strialwerenotreversed,eventhoughtheirprecisefindinghadbeenthattheastronomerwas"Vehementlysuspectofheresy."Thefindingsofanyinquisition,eventheGalileocourtaswellasnotoriousSpanishInquisition―mustbeflowedtostand,atleastpartlybecausetheirfindingsoftenresultedindeathsentencesforpeopleaccusedofheresy.Butin1979,PopeJohnPauladdressedtheAugustPontificalScienceAcademyintheVaticanandofferedapologytoGalileo:"ThegreatnessofGalileo,likethatofEinstein,isknowntoall.Buttheformerhadtosuffergreatly;wecannothideit,fromChurchinstitutionsandmen."

Thepurposeofthispassageisto（

）.

Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat

（

）.

Thepassagesuggeststhat

（

）.

Theauthor’stoneis（

）.

問題1選項

A.discusswhytheCatholicChurchpersecutedGalileo

B.provideashortbiographyofGalileo

C.discussthetwotheoriesofthesolarsystem

D.showhowsciencehasprogressedoverthelastthreehundredyears

問題2選項

A.Galileowasheldprisonerinhishomefornineyears.

B.theCatholicChurchhasnotacceptedGalileo'stheoryofthesolarsystem.

C.Galileoinventedthetelescope.

D.theProtestantsconductedtheInquisition.

問題3選項

A.theCatholicChurchstillbelieverstheEarthisthecenteroftheuniverse.

B.Galileo'stheoryhasbeenprovedincorrectinmodemtimes.

C.theInquisitionseldomdealtharshlywithpeoplewhocamebeforeit.

D.theCatholicChurchwasmoreconcernedwithmaintainingthestatusquointhe17thcenturythanthetruthaboutGalileo'stheory.

問題4選項

A.negative

B.objective

C.sarcastic

D.satirical

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】主旨大意題。文章主要講述了伽利略為“日心說”做出的努力以及遭受的追害，所以B選項“對伽利略的人生經(jīng)歷進行了簡要的介紹”正確;A選項“討論天主教迫害伽利略的原因”是對文章細節(jié)的表述；C選項“對兩種不同的太陽系理論進行討論”和D選項“表明在過去的三百年中科學(xué)是怎樣發(fā)展的”沒有在文章中提及。

細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段和第二段第四句“Theysentencedhimtoanunlimitedterminprison,butquicklychangedthesentencetohousearrestinhisownhome,effectivelyendingGalileo’steachingcareer.”“他們將其判以終生監(jiān)禁，但很快就改判為軟禁家中，如此結(jié)束了伽利略的教學(xué)生涯”可知伽利略于1633年被軟禁在家中，然后根據(jù)文章第五段的倒數(shù)第二句“Galileodiedin1642,blindandstillimprisonedinhisownhome”“伽利略于1642年在家中與世長辭，那時他仍處在軟禁期間”可知伽利略被軟禁在自己家中長達9年，所以A選項正確。根據(jù)文章第六段第一句“Thechurch345yearslater,finallyagreedthathehadbeencorrect.”“345年后，天主教終于承認伽利略日心說的正確性”確定B選項“天主教沒有接受伽利略的日心說”表述錯誤；根據(jù)第四段第一句“In1606,though,Galileolearnedoftheinventionofthetelescope:heredesignedandimprovedhisowntelescopeinoneday.”確定C選項“伽利略發(fā)明了望遠鏡’錯誤；D選項“新教徒執(zhí)行審訊”沒有在文章中提及。

細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第六段第一句“Thechurch345yearslater,finallyagreedthathehadbeencorrect.”“345年后，天主教終于承認伽利略日心說的正確性”確定A選項“天主教仍然相信地球是宇宙的中心”錯誤；B選項“在現(xiàn)代，伽利略的理論被證明是錯誤的”沒有在文章中體現(xiàn)并且根據(jù)常識也可以判斷該選項是錯誤的；根據(jù)文章最后一段第三句“...atleastpartlybecausetheirfindingsoftenresultedindeathsentencesforpeopleaccusedofheresy”“部分原因是因為那些被指控為異端邪說的人最終都被判以死刑”確定C選項“審訊很少對被指控的人處以殘酷的刑罰”表示錯誤；根據(jù)文章對伽利略經(jīng)歷的介紹可知在17世紀(jì)時天主教為了維護現(xiàn)狀，不承認伽利略的理論，所以D選項正確。

觀點態(tài)度題。作者客觀地介紹了伽利略為“日心說”所付出的努力和天主教的態(tài)度和做法，所以B選項“客觀的”正確。

19.單選題

Manandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainisconcerned,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebrainismadeprimarilyoftwodifferenttypesoftissue,calledgraymatterandwhitematter.Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.

PsychologyprofessorRichardHaieroftheUniversityofCalifornia,IrvineledtheresearchalongwithcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofNewMexico.Theirfindingsshowthatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen.“Thesefindingssuggestedthathumanevolutionhascreatedtwodifferenttypesofbrainsdesignedforequallyintelligentbehavior,”saidHaier,addingthat,“bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairmentdiseasesinthebrain.”

TheresultsaredetailedintheonlineversionofthejournalNeuroImage.Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.Theresultsfromthisstudymayhelpexplainwhymenandwomenexcelatdifferenttypesoftasks,saidco-authorandneuropsychologistRexJungoftheUniversityofNewMexico.Forexample,mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchasmathematics,Jungsaid,whilewomenarebetteratintegratingandassimilatinginformationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills.Scientistsfinditveryinterestingthatwhilemenandwomenusetwoverydifferentactivitycentersandneurologicalpathways,menandwomenperformequallywellonbroadmeasuresofcognitiveability,suchasintelligencetests.

Thisresearchalsogivesinsighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematterregionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereasthepercentagesoftheseregio