考研考博-英語-廣州科技貿(mào)易職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣州科技貿(mào)易職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.翻譯題

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.

兩年的研究表明，上網(wǎng)次數(shù)多的人與較少的人相比，即使是一周僅上網(wǎng)幾小時(shí)也會(huì)經(jīng)常地感覺到沮喪和孤獨(dú)。這不是說己經(jīng)有不良感覺的人在網(wǎng)上花費(fèi)了更多的時(shí)間而是說使用英特網(wǎng)似乎確實(shí)誘發(fā)了人們的不良感覺。研究人員對(duì)這些結(jié)果困惑不解，因?yàn)檫@與他們的預(yù)料截然相反。他們頂測(cè)，與電視相比，從社會(huì)角度來說，上網(wǎng)可能更健康一些，因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)絡(luò)允許使用者選擇自己想要的信息和別人交流。

歷史記載人類進(jìn)入文明社會(huì)以來的思想和行為--不管是發(fā)生在昨天，還是去年，也不管是發(fā)生在一百年前，還是甚至在一千年前。由于人不是孤單地生存的，所以歷史必然要涉及社會(huì)群體，尤其是國(guó)家和民族。正如傳記描寫個(gè)人的一生，歷史記述人類社會(huì)的興起、發(fā)展和袞亡。歷史已經(jīng)成為對(duì)某個(gè)民族的整個(gè)文化的記載，因此歷史學(xué)家需要了解這個(gè)民族的衣食住行，了解他們的社會(huì)分工、學(xué)術(shù)流派、宗教迷信和娛樂慶典。

【答案】Thetwo-yearstudyindicatedthat,comparedwithpeoplewhologgedontheInternetlessfrequently,thepeoplewhologgedonmorealsooftensufferedpressureandlonelinessevenincaseofspendingjustafewhoursaweekontheInternet.ThisisabouttheusageoftheInternetactuallyappearedtocausethepeopletohavebadfeelingsratherthanmoretimespentbywhohadalreadybadfeelings.Theresearcherswerepuzzledbytheresults,whichwerecontrarytotheirexpectations.TheyconcludedthattheInternetmaybesociallyhealthierthantelevision,becauseitallowsuserstochoosewhatinformationtheywanttocommunicatewithothers

Historyrecordsallthoughtsandactionsofmanfromthebeginningofcivilizedsociety—nomattersuchthoughtsandactionshappenedyesterdayorlastyearorahundredorathousandyearsago.Sincemandoesnotlivealone,historymustinvolvesocialgroups,especiallystatesandnations.Justasbiographydescribesindividuallife,historyrelatestherise,progressanddeclineofhumansocieties.Historybecomesanaccountoftheentirecultureofpeople,sohistoriansneedtotheirbasicnecessities,theirsocialdivisionoflabour,academicschools,religioussuperstitionsandentertainmentcelebrations.

2.填空題

Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvival.Ingeneralhowever,thisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Cthefittestsurvival改為thefittestsurvive

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】謂語動(dòng)詞。

【解題思路】B部分到句子結(jié)尾為從句，C部分為從句的主干部分，其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為主謂，survival為名詞，survive為動(dòng)詞，其意思為“生存，存活”，符合語境。

【句意】許多作家認(rèn)為，在動(dòng)物為生存而進(jìn)行的斗爭(zhēng)不可避免，只有適者生存。然而，一般來說，自然界中的這種斗爭(zhēng)是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而不是沖突。

3.單選題

Whenaskedforyourviewsaboutyour（

）job,onnoaccountmustyoubenegative.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.current

B.contemporary

C.occasional

D.universal

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。current意為“目前的，當(dāng)前的，現(xiàn)在的”；contemporary意為“當(dāng)代的，現(xiàn)代的”；occasional意為“偶爾的，不經(jīng)常的”；universal意為“普遍的，一般的”。

句意：當(dāng)被問到你對(duì)當(dāng)前工作的看法時(shí)，你決不能消極。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Themarveloustelephoneandtelevisionnetworkthathasnowenmeshedthewholeworld,makingallmenneighbors,cannotbeextendedtospace.Itwillneverbepossibletoconversewithanyoneonanotherplanet.Evenwithtoday’sradioequipment,themessageswilltakeminutes―sometimeshours―ontheirjourney,becauseradioandlightwavestravelatthesamespeedof186,000milesasecond.

TwentyyearsfromnowyouwillbeabletolistentoafriendonMars,butthewordsyouhearwillhavelefthismouthatleastthreeminutesearlier,andyourreplywilltakeacorrespondingtimetoreachhim.Insuchcircumstances,anexchangeofverbalmessageispossible—butnotaconversation.

Toaculturewhichhascometotakeinstantaneouscommunicationforgranted,aspartofverystructureofcivilizedlife,this“timebarrier”mayhaveaprofoundpsychologicalimpact.Itwillbeaperpetualreminderofuniversallawsandlimitationsagainstwhichnotallourtechnologycaneverprevail.Foritseemsascertainasanythingcanbethatnosignal—stilllessanymaterialobject―cannevertravelfasterthanlight.

Thevelocityoflightistheultimatespeedlimit,beingpartoftheverystructureofspaceandtime.Withinthenarrowconfinesofthesolarsystem,itwillnothandicapustooseverely.Attheworst,thesewillamounttotwentyhours―thetimeittakesaradiosignaltospantheorbitofPluto,theouter-mostplanet.

Itiswhenwemoveoutbeyondtheconfinesofthesolarsystemthatwecomefacetofacewithanaltogethernewgroupofcosmicreality.Eventoday,manyotherwiseeducatedmen―likethosesavageswhocancounttothreebutlumptogetherallnumbersbeyondfour—cannotgrasptheprofounddistinctionbetweensolarandstellarspace.Thefirstisthespaceenclosingourneighboringworlds,theplanets,thesecondisthatwhichembracesthosedistantsuns,thestars,anditisliterallymillionsoftimesgreater.Thereisnotsuchabruptchangeofscaleintheterrestrialaffairs.

Manyconservativescientists,shockedbythesecosmicgulfs,havedeniedthattheycaneverbecrossed.Somepeopleneverlearn;thosewhosixtyyearsagolaughedatthepossibilityofflight,andtenyearsagolaughedattheideaoftraveltotheplanets,arenowquitesurethatthestarswillalwaysbeyondourresearch.Andagaintheyarewrong,fortheyhavefailedtograspthegreatlessonofourage—thatifsomethingispossibleintheory,andnofundamentalscientificlawsopposeitsrealization,thensoonerorlateritwillbeachieved.

Onedayweshalldiscoverareallyefficientmeansofpropellingourspacevehicles.Everytechnicaldeviceisalwaysdevelopedtoitslimitandtheultimatespeedforspaceshipsisthevelocityoflight.Theywillneverreachthatgoal,buttheywillgetverynearit.Andtheneareststarwillbelessthanfiveyearsofvoyagingfromtheearth.

1.Forlighttotravelacrossthesolarsystem,itwilltake（）.

2.Thefactthatitwillneverbepossibletoconversewithsomeoneonanotherplanetshowsthat（）.

3.Confrontedwiththenewgroupofcosmicreality,manyeducatedmen（）.

4.Conservativescientistswhodenythatcosmicgulfscaneverbecrossedwill（）.

5.Theauthorofthepassage,readerscaninfer,intendstoshowthe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ayear

B.nearlyaday

C.twomonths

D.thirtyminutes

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.certainuniversallawscannotbeprevailedagainst

B.noobjectcanevertravelfasterthanlight

C.westernculturehasaspecialideaofcommunication

D.radiomessagedonottravelfastenough

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.becomeignorantsavagesagain

B.findthe“timebarrier”unbearable

C.willnotcombinesolarandstellarspace

D.cannotadapttotheabruptchangeofscale

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.laughattheveryideasofflight

B.learnalessonastheydidtenyearsago

C.findspacetravelbeyondtheirreach

D.opposethefundamentalscientificlaws

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.limitationsofourtechnology

B.vastnessofthecosmicreality

C.prospectofplanetarytravel

D.psychologicalimpactoftimeandspace

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文章第四段中“...thesewillamounttotwentyhours—thetimeittakesaradiosignaltospantheorbitofPluto,theouter-mostplanet.這相當(dāng)于20個(gè)小時(shí)——這是一個(gè)無線電信號(hào)跨越冥王星軌道所需的時(shí)間，冥王星是最外層的行星。”20小時(shí)幾乎一天，可知B項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“一年”，與原文不符；B項(xiàng)“幾乎一天”；C項(xiàng)“兩個(gè)月”，與原文不符；D項(xiàng)“三十分鐘”，與原文不符，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文章第一段中“Itwillneverbepossibletoconversewithanyoneonanotherplanet.Evenwithtoday’sradioequipment,themessageswilltakeminutes—sometimeshours…和另一個(gè)星球上的人交談是不可能的。即使使用今天的無線電設(shè)備，發(fā)送信息也需要幾分鐘，有時(shí)甚至幾小時(shí)……”與第二段中“Insuchcircumstances,anexchangeofverbalmessageispossible—butnotaconversation.在這種情況下，口頭信息的交換是可能的——但不是對(duì)話?！笨赏浦狣項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“某些普遍的規(guī)律是不能被推翻的”，與原文不符；B項(xiàng)“沒有任何物體的速度能超過光速”，與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“西方文化有一種特殊的溝通觀念”，與原文不符；D項(xiàng)“無線電信息傳播不夠快”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文章第五段中“Eventoday,manyotherwiseeducatedmen—likethosesavageswhocancounttothreebutlumptogetherallnumbersbeyondfour—cannotgrasptheprofounddistinctionbetweensolarandstellarspace…itisliterallymillionsoftimesgreater.Thereisnotsuchabruptchangeofscaleintheterrestrialaffair.即使在今天，許多受過教育的人——就像那些能數(shù)到三，卻能把四以外的數(shù)字加在一起的野蠻人無法理解太陽和恒星空間的深刻區(qū)別一樣……它實(shí)際上要大幾百萬倍。陸地事務(wù)中沒有這樣突然的規(guī)模變化”，可推知D項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“再次成為無知的野蠻人”，與原文不符；B項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)‘時(shí)間障礙’難以忍受”，與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“將不會(huì)把太陽和恒星的空間結(jié)合起來”，與原文不符；D項(xiàng)“不能適應(yīng)規(guī)模的突變”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文章第六段中“Somepeopleneverlearn;thosewhosixtyyearsagolaughedatthepossibilityofflight,andtenyearsagolaughedattheideaoftraveltotheplanets,arenowquitesurethatthestarswillalwaysbeyondourresearch.有些人永遠(yuǎn)學(xué)不會(huì)；那些六十年前嘲笑飛行的可能性，十年前嘲笑到行星上旅行的想法的人，現(xiàn)在相當(dāng)肯定地認(rèn)為恒星永遠(yuǎn)超出我們的研究范圍?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“嘲笑飛行的想法”，與原文不符；B項(xiàng)“像他們十年前那樣吸取教訓(xùn)”，與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)他們無法進(jìn)行太空旅行”；D項(xiàng)“反對(duì)基本的科學(xué)規(guī)律”，與原文不符，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章最后一段中“Theywillneverreachthatgoal,buttheywillgetverynearit.他們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)達(dá)到這個(gè)目標(biāo)，但他們會(huì)非常接近這個(gè)目標(biāo)?！边@個(gè)表述說明了作者對(duì)星際旅行充滿著期望，因此知C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“我們技術(shù)的局限性”，與原文不符；B項(xiàng)“浩瀚的宇宙現(xiàn)實(shí)”，與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“星際旅行的前景”；D項(xiàng)“時(shí)間和空間的心理影響”，與原文不符，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Anumberofdevelopmentscombinedtodestroythemonetarysystem,leadingtoacrisisinwhichthecollapseofonecountry'seconomyandcurrency-inamodernversionofthecommercialdominotheory-leadstofiscal（）thatspreadsuncomfortablyaroundtheworld,wreakinghavoconglobalcapitalism.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contamination

B.contagion

C.inflammation

D.inflation

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。contamination“污染”；contagion“傳染”；inflammation“發(fā)炎”；inflation“膨脹”。句意：根據(jù)現(xiàn)代版本的多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)，一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)和財(cái)政的變化將會(huì)影響全球，并對(duì)全球資本主義造成嚴(yán)重破壞。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Thiskindofmaterialcan（

）heatandmoisture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.delete

B.repel

C.compel

D.constrain

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)delete“刪除”；B選項(xiàng)repel“抗拒，抵御”；C選項(xiàng)compel“強(qiáng)迫，迫使”；D選項(xiàng)constrain“強(qiáng)迫，限制，約束”。根據(jù)賓語heatandmoisture（熱和潮濕）可知B選項(xiàng)符合邏輯。句意：這種材料能抵御熱和潮濕。

7.翻譯題

Inthedeliveryofahighstandardofmedicalcare,thesafetyofthepatientisparamount.Itseemsthatmedicalblundersareemergingalmostonadailybasis.Butweneedtokeepasenseofperspective.

Whilesuchincidentsareworrying,theyshouldnotnecessarilybeseenasasignthatthingsaregettingworseandthatpatientsarebeingexposedtoincreasingrisks.Theymaysimplyhavebeencomingtolightmorefrequently.Ifso,thatisgood.Thehospitalparthasrightlypromisedtoseethattheyarealwaysbroughttopublicattentionfromnowon.Promptdisclosureofpossibledefectsinthehealthcaresystemandtransparentactiontoremedythemcanonlyhaveapositiveeffectonthestandardofcareinthelongrun.

【答案】在提供高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的醫(yī)療服務(wù)時(shí)，病人的安全是最重要的。醫(yī)療事故似乎每天都在發(fā)生。但我們需要保持一種洞察力。

雖然這類事件令人擔(dān)憂，但它們并不一定意味著情況正在惡化，或者病人暴露在面臨越來越多的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中。它們可能只是被曝光得更頻繁了。如果是這樣，那很好。醫(yī)院方面恰當(dāng)?shù)爻兄Z，從現(xiàn)在起一定要讓公眾注意到他們。及時(shí)披露醫(yī)療體系中可能存在的缺陷，并采取透明行動(dòng)加以補(bǔ)救，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看，只會(huì)對(duì)醫(yī)療標(biāo)準(zhǔn)產(chǎn)生積極的影響。

8.單選題

Agreatamountofworkliasgoneinto（）theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refreshing

B.restoring

C.renovating

D.renewing

【答案】B

【解析】句意:大量的工作已經(jīng)投入,為了使這個(gè)大教堂恢復(fù)到其以前的華麗。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。refresh更新，使精力恢復(fù)，使得到補(bǔ)充；restore恢復(fù)，修復(fù)；restoreto使恢復(fù)到…；renovate更新，修復(fù)，革新，刷新；renew使更新，續(xù)借，復(fù)興。由題干中關(guān)鍵詞“toitsprevioussplendor到其以前的華麗”可知B項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplaceineighteenth-centuryEngland.McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm’sremarkablesuccessinmarketingluxurypottery.Plumbhaswrittenabouttheproliferationofprovincialtheaters,musicalfestivals,andchildren’stoysandbooks.Whilethefactofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestionsremain:Whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatweretheeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturersandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhowlargethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscaletheconsumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral;forexample,laboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhome-brewedbeertostandardizedbeerproducedbyhuge,heavilycapitalizedurbanbreweries.

Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy,somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer.MckendrickfavorsaViablemodelofconspicuousconsumptionstimulatedbycompetitionforstatus.The“middlingsort”boughtgoodsandservicesbecausetheywantedtofollowfashionssetbytherich.Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient.Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?Ifso,consumerismcouldbeseenasaproductoftheriseofnewconceptsofindividualismandmaterialism,butnotnecessarilyofthefrenzyforconspicuouscompetition.

Finally,whatweretheconsequencesofthisconsumerdemandforluxuries?McKendrickclaimsthatitgoesalongwaytowardexplainingthecomingoftheIndustrialRevolution.Butdoesit?What,forexample,doestheproductionofhigh-qualitypotteryandtoyshavetodowiththedevelopmentofironmanufactureortextilemills?Itisperfectlypossibletohavethepsychologyandrealityofaconsumersocietywithoutaheavyindustrialsector.

Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessaryshouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthormentionsMcKendrickandPlumbmostprobablyinorderto（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingitems,ifpreservedfromeighteenth-centuryEngland,wouldprovideanexampleofthekindofdocumentsmentionedinLines3-4,Paragraph2?

3.Accordingtothetext,Thompsonattributestolaboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardcapitalistconsumerism?

4.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

5.Accordingtothetext,eighteenth-centuryEnglandandthecontemporaryworldofthetextreadersare（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contrasttheirviewsonthesubjectofluxuryconsumerismineighteenth-centuryEngland

B.indicatetheinadequacyofhistorio-graphicalapproachestoeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory

C.giveexamplesofhistorianswhohavehelpedtoestablishthefactofgrowingconsumerismineighteenth-centuryEngland

D.supportthecontentionthatkeyquestionsabouteighteenth-centuryconsumerismremaintobeanswered

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Awrittenagreementbetweenasupplierofrawmaterialsandasupplierofluxurygoods.

B.Adiarythatmentionsluxurygoodsandservicespurchasedbyitsauthor.

C.Atheaterticketstampedwiththedateandnameofaparticularplay.

D.Apayrollrecordfromacompanythatproducedluxurygoodssuchaspottery.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Enthusiasm.

B.Curiosity.

C.Ambivalence.

D.Hostility.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.contrastingtwothesesandofferingacompromise

B.questioningtwoexplanationsandproposingapossiblealternativetothem

C.paraphrasingtheworkoftwohistoriansandquestioningtheirassumptions

D.examiningtwotheoriesandendorsingoneovertheother

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxuryconsumerismcouldbesaidtobewidespreadamongthesocialclasses

B.dissimilarintheirdefinitionsofluxurygoodsandservices

C.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxurygoodscouldbesaidtobestimulantofindustrialdevelopment

D.similarintheirstrongdemandforavarietyofgoodsandservices

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段，主要敘述了歷史學(xué)家開始注意到奢侈品消費(fèi)的研究，并舉例說明兩個(gè)學(xué)者的具體的研究，最后提出了三個(gè)問題。因此在第一段中提到兩個(gè)人名是為了舉例說明18世紀(jì)英格蘭消費(fèi)主義增長(zhǎng)的事實(shí)。故正確答案C。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第二段“Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturersandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.盡管可以從制造商和服務(wù)行業(yè)針對(duì)他們的客戶所需要的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)中推斷出他們實(shí)際生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，但只有對(duì)由實(shí)際消費(fèi)者撰寫的相關(guān)個(gè)人文件進(jìn)行研究，才能準(zhǔn)確地推測(cè)出什么樣的人需要什么樣的東西?！庇纱丝梢?，這里文章中提到的文件是屬于由實(shí)際消費(fèi)者撰寫的相關(guān)個(gè)人文件，因此選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第二段“Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral…關(guān)于最后一個(gè)問題，我們可以順便指出，雖然湯普森正確地還原了勞動(dòng)人民在英國(guó)18世紀(jì)歷史的階段，但他很可能夸大了這些人對(duì)資本主義消費(fèi)主義的反對(duì)”?？梢酝茰y(cè)勞動(dòng)人民對(duì)于消費(fèi)主義并不存在好奇心或者其他情緒，而是“反對(duì)”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】段落大意題。定位到文章第三段，首先提出了關(guān)于第一種理論模式：制造商對(duì)于奢侈品宣傳的能力。接著提出第二種理論模式：人們購(gòu)買奢侈品是受社會(huì)地位競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的驅(qū)動(dòng)。通過對(duì)兩種理論的批判，自己提出了替代性的理論認(rèn)識(shí)。故選項(xiàng)B比較符合題意。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段“Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessaryshouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.然而，未來對(duì)這些關(guān)鍵問題的探索無疑是必要的，減少最近研究結(jié)論的力量：十八世紀(jì)英格蘭對(duì)輕浮和有用的商品和服務(wù)的貪得無厭的需求預(yù)示著我們自己的世界?！庇纱丝芍?，十八世紀(jì)的英國(guó)人和現(xiàn)代人在消費(fèi)觀上存在某些相似性，因此選項(xiàng)D正確。

10.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseontheAnswerSheet.

Wecannotacceptthegrowingthreatposedbyclimatechange,whichcouldforeverdamagetheworldthatwepassontoourchildren,sowingconflictandfamine,destroyingcoastlinesandemptyingcities.Andthat’swhyallnationsmustnowaccepttheirshareofresponsibilityfortransformingthewaythatweuseenergy.

Wecan’tacceptaworldinwhichmorepeoplearedeniedopportunityanddignitythatallpeopleyearnfor:theabilitytogetaneducationandmakeadecentliving,thesecuritythatyouwon’thavetoliveinfearofdiseaseorviolencewithouthopeforthefuture.

Iknowthesechallengescanbemet,solongasit’srecognizedthattheywillnotbemetbyonepersonoronenationalone.Thisawardisnotsimplyabouttheeffortsofmyadministration;it’saboutthecourageouseffortsofpeoplearoundtheworld.

【答案】我們不能接受氣候變化造成的日益嚴(yán)重的威脅，那可能會(huì)永久性地?fù)p害我們傳給子孫后代的這個(gè)世界。我們不能播下沖突和饑荒的種子，摧毀海岸線，使城市蕭條。這就是為什么我們所有國(guó)家現(xiàn)在必須承擔(dān)各自的責(zé)任，改變我們使用能源的方式。

我們不能接受一個(gè)更多人被剝奪機(jī)會(huì)和尊嚴(yán)的世界，這種人人渴望的機(jī)會(huì)和尊嚴(yán)就是：能夠接受教育，能夠過上體面的生活，有安全感，即你不必在疾病或者暴力恐怖的擔(dān)憂中沒有希望地生活。

我知道這些挑戰(zhàn)是可以應(yīng)對(duì)的，只要人們認(rèn)識(shí)到這些挑戰(zhàn)不會(huì)由一個(gè)人或一個(gè)國(guó)家單獨(dú)應(yīng)對(duì)。這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)不僅僅是我政府的努力，而是全世界人民的勇敢努力。

11.單選題

ExplorationoftheSolarSystemiscontinuing,andatthepresentrateofprogressalltheplanets______withinthenext50years.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willhavebeencontacted

B.willhavecontacted

C.willbecontacted

D.willcontact

【答案】A

【解析】考查將來完成時(shí)。句意：對(duì)太陽系的探索仍在繼續(xù)，以目前的速度，我們將在未來50年內(nèi)與所有行星取得聯(lián)系。根據(jù)語境，可知這個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)是將來完成時(shí)，在這里表示在將來某一時(shí)間一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，其結(jié)構(gòu)是will（第二、三人稱）+have+過去分詞（done），A選項(xiàng)willhavebeencontacted符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Iabsolutelyopposethe（

）thatprivatization（私有化）isnowinevitableinourindustry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notice

B.notion

C.impression

D.conscience

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。notice通知；notion概念，見解；impression印象；conscience道德心，良心。

句意：我完全反對(duì)認(rèn)為私有化在我們這個(gè)行業(yè)是不可避免的這種見解。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

13.單選題

[A]Manypeoplebelieve[B]thatNewYorkisthe[C]mostgreatcity[D]intheUnitedStates.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Many

B.that

C.most

D.in

【答案】C

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】最高級(jí)用法。

【解題思路】Great的最高級(jí)是直接在后面加est，即greatest。所以要把mostgreat改為greatest。該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【句意】許多人認(rèn)為紐約是美國(guó)最大的城市。

14.單選題

Hisattemptsto（

）thetwofriendsfailedbecausetheyhadcompletefaithineachother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alienate

B.abuse

C.alleviate

D.abandon

【答案】A

【解析】alienate使疏遠(yuǎn)，離間；abuse濫用，虐待；alleviate減輕，緩和；abandon遺棄，放棄。句意：他疏遠(yuǎn)這兩個(gè)朋友的企圖失敗了，因?yàn)樗麄儽舜酥g完全信任。選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

15.翻譯題

Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,theknowledgesociety.Italltranslatestoafundamentalchangeinthewaywework.Alreadywe'repartlythere.1.ThepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorldToday.ThemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan（twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries）areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemorepart-timejobs.Morepeopleareself-employed.2.Butthebreadthoftheeconomictransformationcan’tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,becauseitalsoisgivingrisetoabasicnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.Long-heldconceptsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededtosucceed,eventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployers—allthesearebeingchallenged.

Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.3.Noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseen,thewaysinsingleinvention,thechip,wouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputers,digitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrow'sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillfactoryrobots.Tomorrow’sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwayofdramaticchanges.4.Butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmorevital,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.Computerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite.Theabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.

5.Ifyoucastvourmindahead10years,informationserviceswillbepredominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.

【答案】1.在今天的西方世界，靠制造東西謀生的人的比例已經(jīng)大幅下降。美國(guó)、歐洲和日本的大多數(shù)工作（其中許多國(guó)家有三分之二或更多）都在服務(wù)業(yè)，而且這個(gè)數(shù)字還在上升。

2.但是，經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型的廣度不能僅用數(shù)字來衡量，因?yàn)樗舱诖呱环N思考工作本質(zhì)的基本新方式。人們長(zhǎng)期以來對(duì)工作和職業(yè)的觀念、成功所需的技能，甚至個(gè)人與雇主之間的關(guān)系都在受到挑戰(zhàn)。

3.20年前，沒有人能夠預(yù)見到，由于芯片在個(gè)人電腦、數(shù)字通信和工廠機(jī)器人上的應(yīng)用，單憑芯片這一發(fā)明就能改變我們的世界。

4.有一件事是肯定的:信息和知識(shí)將變得更加重要，擁有信息和知識(shí)的人，無論是在制造業(yè)還是服務(wù)業(yè)工作，都將擁有優(yōu)勢(shì)并創(chuàng)造財(cái)富。計(jì)算機(jī)知識(shí)將成為與讀寫能力一樣的基本要求。

5.如果你預(yù)測(cè)未來10年的發(fā)展，信息服務(wù)業(yè)將占支配地位。它將是你工作的方式。

16.單選題

Christine’srealproblemisthatshe___confidence.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.islackof

B.islackin

C.lacksfor

D.lacksof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。lackof“沒有，缺乏；不足，不夠”，名詞短語；lackin“缺少，在……缺少，缺乏”，動(dòng)詞短語。A選項(xiàng)be動(dòng)詞+名詞短語作謂語，正確；B選項(xiàng)be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞短語，錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)lackfor一般不做固定搭配；D選項(xiàng)lackof名詞短語不能當(dāng)謂語。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Theyhavealwaysregardedamanof______andfairnessasareliablefriend.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.robustness

B.temperament

C.integrity

D.compactness

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)robustness“結(jié)實(shí)，健壯”；B選項(xiàng)temperament“性情，氣質(zhì)”；C選項(xiàng)integrity“誠(chéng)實(shí)，正直”；D選項(xiàng)compactness“緊密，簡(jiǎn)潔”。根據(jù)并列連詞and可知空格處與fairness（公正）的意思接近，因此選C。句意：他們一直把正直和公正的人視為可靠的朋友。

18.單選題

MostWesternnations,includingtheU.S.,_16_Japanthebenefitsofitsrigorouseducationalsystem.Morethan90%ofJapanesestudentsgraduatefromtwelfthgrade(incontrastto75%theU.S.),_17_ademandingacademicagenda.Duringhighschool,theJapanesemust_18_farmoremathandsciencethantheirAmericancounterparts.Bythetimethey_19_theircollegeentranceexams,studentsarepreparedtohandlequestionsinEnglishgrammar,aswellasJapanese,andinsubject_20_notgenerallyapproacheduntilcollegeintheU.S.Thesystemhas_21_Japanwell.Itpreparesstudentsforsmooth_22_intoanovercrowdedandcompetitivesociety.Ina_23_orderedculturelikeJapan’s,higheducationalachievementis_24_theonlyguaranteeofasuccessfulcareer.Morethan65%ofhighschoolstudents_25_withcollegeentrancecourses._26_beginsearly.Fromthetimechildrenfirstsetfootinschoolatagesix,theyarefaced_27_sevenhoursofclassesaday,240daysayearandtwelveyearsofunremittingpressure.Studentsdevotealmostalltheir_28_hourstostudies.Inadditiontoregularclassesandhalf-daysonSaturdays,theyoften_29_uptofiveadditionalhoursatspecialcramschoolscalled“juku”(privateacademies).Acandidatemayapplytoonlyonetopuniversity.Becausegovernmentministriesandtopfirmsallrecruitfromahandfulofuniversities,_30_tosettlef