考研考博-英語-廣西城市職業(yè)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣西城市職業(yè)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thesedesksandseatscanbe______totheheighttoanychild.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adapted

B.adopted

C.adjusted

D.attached

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adapted“適應(yīng)”；B選項(xiàng)adopted“采用”；C選項(xiàng)adjusted“調(diào)整；校正”；D選項(xiàng)attached“附加”。句意：這些課桌和椅子可以______到任何孩子的高度。根據(jù)語境，這里是指這些課桌和椅子可以調(diào)整高度，所以adjusted“調(diào)整”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Basedonaccumulatedsocialresearch,therenowcanbelittledoubtthatsuccessfulandwelladjustedchildreninmodernsocietiesaremostlikelytocomefromtwo-parentfamiliesconsistingofthebiologicalfatherandmother.Alternativefamilyformswhichareattempted,suchassingle-parentandstepfamilies,havebeendemonstratedtobeinferiorinchildoutcomes.Therecentmovementawayfromthetwo-natural-parentfamilyhasledtoconsiderablesocialmalaiseamongtheyoung,nottomentionsocialdecayingeneral.

Itcanbearguedthatchildwell-beingwouldbeenhancediffamilieslivedamongcare-givingrelativesandinsupportivecommunities,butthishasbecomeanever-diminishingsituation.Historically,asubstantialstrippingdownhasoccurredofboththeextendedfamilyandthecohesiveneighborhood,andthistrendisprobablyirreversible.Thestatehastriedtofillthevacuum,burwithoutmuchsuccess.Thetwo-parentnuclearfamilythereforemaybemoreimportanttodayforchildren,andforsocietyingeneral,thaneverbeforeinhistory.

Constitutingoneofthegreatestdilemmasfacedbymodernsocieties,however,isthefactthatnuclearfamiliesthemselvesarebreakingapartdramaticallyhighrates.Thechancesinsomesocietiesarenowlessthan50to50,thanksmainlytodivorceandbirths,hatachildwilllivecontinuouslytoadulthoodwithbothnaturalparents.Thisisdespitethefactthat,unlikeintimespast,parentsnowalmostlivetoseetheirchildrenreachmaturity.

Onefundamentalreasonforthehighbreak-uprateisthatthenatureofmarriagehaschanged.Notsolongagomarriagewasaneconomicbondofmutualdependency,asocialbondheavilyupheldbyextendedfamilies.Today,marriageisnoneofthese.Theeconomicbondhasbecomedisplacedbyaffluence,byfemaleeconomicpursuit,andbystatesupport;extendedfamilypressuresonmarriageshaveallbutvanished;andmodernsocietieshavebecomeincreasinglyunconcernedwithreligions.Marriagehasbecomeapurelyindividualpursuit,animpliedandnotveryenforceablecontractbetweentwopeople;arelationshipdesignedtosatisfybasicneedsforintimacy,dependencyandsex.Whentheseneedschange,orwhenapresumptivelybetterpartnerisdiscovered,marriagesareeasilydissolved.Moreover,moreoftheeverydayneeds,traditionallymetbymarriage,canbemetinotherdays,suchasthroughthemarketplace.

Withitssurroundingandsupportingsocialstructurescollapsing,cantherebeanyhopethatthenuclearfamilycanberevived?Yesthebasisforhopeliesinthefundamentalbiologicalandpsychologicalmakeupofhumankind.Iftheevolutionarybiologistsarecorrect,humanbeingsareapair-bodingspecies.

1.Whichofthefollowingfamilyformsmaybeidealforachild'swell-being?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthetrendofmodernfamiliestoday?

3.Thehighbreak-uprateoftwoparentnuclearfamiliescanbeattributedto（）.

4.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtherevivalofnuclearfamilyis（）.

5.Theword"affluence"(Paragraph4)isinsimilarmeaningto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Extendedfamily

B.Single-parentfamily

C.Stepfamily

D.Nuclearfamily

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Easily-dissolvedpartnership.

B.Ever-diminishingcohesiveneighborhood.

C.Decreasingnumberofextendedfamilies.

D.Husbandandwifeheldinpassiveobedience.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.socialdecayingeneral

B.custompressure

C.collapseoftheeconomicbondofmarriage

D.thecompletelydifferentnatureofmarriage

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.negative

B.optimistic

C.hopeless

D.mournful

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.wealth

B.health

C.culturalrefinement

D.modernconveniences

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Thetwo-parentnuclearfamilythereforemaybemoreimportanttodayforchildren,andforsocietyingeneral,thaneverbeforeinhistory(因此，雙親核心家庭在今天對兒童和整個(gè)社會可能比歷史上任何時(shí)候都更加重要)。由此可知，如今對孩子成長最理想的家庭模式是two-parentnuclearfamily(雙親核心家庭)。故選D。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:容易破裂的婚姻。B:不斷疏遠(yuǎn)的鄰里關(guān)系。C:大家庭數(shù)量減少。D:處于被動服從地位的丈夫和妻子。第二段指出:Historically,asubstantialstrippingdownhasoccurredofboththeextendedfamilyandthecohesiveneighborhood,andthistrendisprobablyirreversible(從歷史角度看，大家庭數(shù)量大幅縮水，緊密的鄰里關(guān)系也變得更加疏遠(yuǎn)，而且這種發(fā)展趨勢是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的)。因此B跟C項(xiàng)屬于現(xiàn)代家庭的趨勢。第四段指出:Whentheseneedschange,orwhenapresumptivelybetterpartnerisdiscovered,marriagesareeasilydissolved(當(dāng)這些需求發(fā)生改變，或者當(dāng)一位看似更加合適的伴侶出現(xiàn)后婚姻就會很容易破裂)。因此A項(xiàng)也是現(xiàn)代家庭的趨勢。只有D項(xiàng)未在文中體現(xiàn)，本題選D。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第四段:Onefundamentalreasonforthehighbreak-uprateisthatthenatureofmarriagehaschanged(高離婚率的一個(gè)根本原因是婚姻的本質(zhì)發(fā)生了改變)。因此D項(xiàng)“婚姻本質(zhì)發(fā)生改變”正確。

第4題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。最后一段指出:Yesthebasisforhopeliesinthefundamentalbiologicalandpsychologicalmakeupofhumankind(是的——希望的基礎(chǔ)在于人類基本的生理和心理構(gòu)成)。由此可見，作者對于核心家庭的復(fù)興的態(tài)度是積極樂觀的。

第5題:詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第四段:Theeconomicbondhasbecomedisplacedbyaffluence,byfemaleeconomicpursuit,andbystatesupport（女性對經(jīng)濟(jì)的追求及政府的支持已取締了這一經(jīng)濟(jì)紐帶)。由此可知，affluence表示與“經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況”相關(guān)的意思。因此A項(xiàng)“財(cái)富”正確。

3.單選題

ResearchersatUCLAMedicalCenterinLosAngeles,Californiafoundthata12-minutebedsidevisitwithadogcanhelpeaseanxietylevelsby24percentinheartfailurepatients,comparedtoa10percentdropwhenpatientshadavisitfromahumanvolunteer,andnodropinpatientswhohadnovisit.

Resultsofthe76-patientstudywerepresentedlastweekattheAmericanHeartAssociation’sannualScientificSessionsinDallas,Texas.ThestudywasfundedbythePetCareTrustFoundation,anon-profitorganizationwhichpromoteshuman-animalinteractionandbonding.Inthestudy,effectsofdogandvolunteervisitswerecomparedwiththoseofvolunteersonly,andwithpatientswhohadnovisitsandremainedatrest.Heartpressuresweremonitoredandpatientswereaskedtoansweralistofanxietyassessmentquestionsbeforeandafterthevisits.Althoughcriticalpressuremeasuresalsodecreased,suggestingimprovedcardiacfunction,themostmarkedresponsewasseeninanxietylevels.

“Thefirstthingyounoticeisthatthepatient’sfacialexpressionchangestoasmileandthestressoftheworldseemstobeliftedofftheirshoulders,”studyauthorKathyColesaid.Feelingsofdepressionandhelplessnessarecommonamongheartpatients,Colesaid,andjustthreenightsinahospitalisenoughtomakesomepatientsfeelanxiousandunsettled.Duringthevisit,thefurryfriendisallowedtolieonthebednexttothepatientwithitsheadwithintwofeetofthepatient’s.Mostpatientspettedthedog,whileothersengagedhumanvolunteersinconversationaboutthedog.

Dogsusedinthestudyarespeciallytrainedanimal-assistedtherapydogsthatundergoaseriesoftrainings,evaluationsandcertificationstoqualifyastherapydogs.Dogbreedsvaried.ResearchersusedeverythingfromBernesemountaindogstosmallschnauzers.However,adogdoesn’thavetobespeciallytrainedtohaveacalmingeffectonitshumancounterparts.Infact,theanimaldoesn’tevenhavetobeadoginordertohelp.“Aslongastheanimalhasmeaningtothepatient,orarelationshipwiththepatient,itcanhelpcalmthepatient,”Colesaid.

6.Welearnfromthetextthatheartpatientsbenefitmostfromvisits______.

7.Thestudyshowsthat,forheartpatients,______.

8.AccordingtoCole,thechangeofpatients’facialexpressionindicatesthat______.

9.Colebelievesthatdogsarehelpfultothepatientsif______.

10.Thisreportfocuseson______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.byavolunteerwithadog

B.byavolunteeronhisown

C.byawell-traineddogalone

D.byanon-profitorganization

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theiranxietyisreducediftheystaylongerinhospital

B.theircontactwithanimalsimprovestheircondition

C.theirheartpressuredecreasesiftheyremainatrest

D.theirrecoveryreliesoncontactwithanimals

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyarehappywiththeexperiment

B.theyarepsychologicallycomforted

C.theirhospitalizationmaybeshortened

D.theirheartfunctionisreturningtonormal

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyarelimitedtocertainbreeds

B.theyarespeciallytrainedones

C.theyhavemeaningtothem

D.theystaywiththemallday

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thehealingpowerofanimals

B.thetreatmentofheartdisease

C.therelationshipbetweendogsandhumans

D.thepromotionofhuman-animalinteraction

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】6.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“heartpatients”可以定位到文章第一段中visitwithadogcanhelpeaseanxietylevelsby24percentinheartfailurepatients（帶著狗一起看病人，會使病人的焦慮感降低24%。），說明帶著寵物看病人對心臟病患者有好處。因此A選項(xiàng)“由一位志愿者帶著狗”正確。B選項(xiàng)“由志愿者一個(gè)人”，C選項(xiàng)“僅靠一只訓(xùn)練有素的狗”，D選項(xiàng)“靠非營利組織”均不符合題意，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

7.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“heartpatients”可以定位到文章第一段中visitwithadogcanhelpeaseanxietylevelsby24percentinheartfailurepatients（帶著狗一起看病人，會使病人的焦慮感降低24%。），說明和動物接觸對心臟病人有好處。因此B選項(xiàng)“他們與動物的接觸改善了他們的狀況”正確。A選項(xiàng)“如果住院時(shí)間較長，他們的焦慮感就會減少”，由原文可知，長時(shí)間住院會讓病人感到焦慮不安，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“如果一直休息，他們的心臟壓力就會下降”，由原文可知，一直休息不會使病人的心臟壓力下降，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“他們的康復(fù)依賴于與動物的接觸”，原文只說了和動物接觸對心臟病人有好處，并沒有說要依賴于與動物的接觸，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

8.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“facialexpression”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Thefirstthingyounoticeisthatthepatient’sfacialexpressionchangestoasmileandthestressoftheworldseemstobeliftedofftheirshoulders（首先你會注意到，病人的面部表情變成了微笑，世界的壓力似乎從他們的肩膀上消失了），文章前兩段詳細(xì)陳述了帶著狗去看病人的好處，第三段開頭就提到病人表情的變化，可以推斷，在與動物接觸之后，病人的心理壓力變小。因此B選項(xiàng)“他們在心理上得到了安慰”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們對實(shí)驗(yàn)很滿意”，C選項(xiàng)“他們的住院時(shí)間可能會縮短”，D選項(xiàng)“他們的心臟功能正在恢復(fù)正常”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

9.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句“Aslongastheanimalhasmeaningtothepatient,orarelationshipwiththepatient,itcanhelpcalmthepatient,”Colesaid.（科爾說：“只要?jiǎng)游飳Σ∪擞幸饬x，或者與病人有關(guān)系，它就能幫助病人平靜下來?！保f明任何動物只要對病人有意義，都有助于其病情的恢復(fù)，狗當(dāng)然也不例外。因此C選項(xiàng)“對他們有意義”正確。A選項(xiàng)“僅限于某些品種”，由原文可知，對狗的品種沒有限制，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“受過專業(yè)訓(xùn)練”，由原文可知，狗對人類的鎮(zhèn)靜作用并不需要經(jīng)過特別訓(xùn)練，所以B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“整天和他們在一起”在文中沒有提及，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

10.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。整篇文章主要講述了一項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果，即帶著動物看病人對于患者有很大好處。因此A選項(xiàng)“動物的治愈力”正確。B選項(xiàng)“心臟病的治療”，C選項(xiàng)“狗與人的關(guān)系”，D選項(xiàng)“促進(jìn)人與動物之間的相互作用”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

4.單選題

Eveninthe1700s,duringtheearlyUSsettlements,（

）religiousgroupswhoopposedslavery,andlaterformedthebackboneoftheAbolitionistMovement.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.therehave

B.thereare

C.therewere

D.havetherebeen

【答案】D

【解析】語法（倒裝）題目?？崭袂耙痪洹癊veninthe1700s,duringtheearlyUSsettlements”是整個(gè)句子的時(shí)間狀語，而當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語位于句首時(shí)，主句部分需要使用部分倒裝，D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Ifyou（）caretoseethepictures,I’llbringthemroundsomeevening.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.should

B.would

C.will

D.can

【答案】B

【解析】考查if引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句，主句應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。情態(tài)動詞結(jié)構(gòu)“wouldyoucareto...”表示“（禮貌問語）您喜歡，您愿意”，是一種委婉征求意見的方式。因此，排除其他選項(xiàng)，本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

有時(shí)候?qū)σ粋€(gè)人來說需要終生的時(shí)間才能懂得活著就是為了奉獻(xiàn)。

文化是一切。文化是我們著裝的方式,是我們走路的方式,是我們系領(lǐng)帶的方式。

時(shí)間是個(gè)多才多藝的表演者。它能展翅飛翔,能闊步前進(jìn),也能治愈創(chuàng)傷。

音樂是你自身的體驗(yàn),你的思想,你的智慧。

國家的發(fā)展取決于年輕一代的素質(zhì),這是么人皆知的事實(shí)。

【答案】Sometimes,itwilltakealifetimetounderstandthatlivingisfordevotion.

Cultureiseverything.Itisthewaywedress,walkandtieourties.

Timeisaversatileperformer.Itcanspreaditswingstofly,strideforwardlyandcureanywounds.

Musicisyourpersonalexperience,yourthoughtandyourwisdom.

Itiswidelyknownthatthedevelopmentofacountrydependsonthequalityofyoungergeneration.

7.單選題

Afterthecollision,heexaminedtheconsiderable（）tohiscar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ruin

B.destruction

C.damage

D.injury

【答案】C

【解析】ruin毀壞；destruction破壞；damage損害；injury傷害。句意：撞車后,他檢查了車的損壞程度。選項(xiàng)C更符合句意。

8.單選題

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinite-structuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses—thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibersthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What?”，and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforword-handling,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnections.

Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“l(fā)anguagesubjects”andboysbetteratmathsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan’tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedby______factors.

3.“thesedifferences”inparagraph5refertothosein_______.

4.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon______.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.

B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.

C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.

D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.biological

B.psychological

C.physical

D.social

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.skillsofmenandwomen

B.schoolsubjects

C.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

D.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain

C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes

D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.

B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure,

C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.

D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.（心理學(xué)家把這個(gè)問題看作是一件沮喪的是或是一個(gè)笑話）可知A選項(xiàng)表述不正確；由第一段中的Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.（但他們急忙指出，不同并不等于好或壞）可知B選項(xiàng)表述不正確；由第三段中的Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.（這是第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)女性和男性大腦之間的結(jié)構(gòu)差異，它必須具有一定的意義）可知D選項(xiàng)表述不正確。通過排除法排除A、B、D選項(xiàng)，因此選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.（我們傾向于認(rèn)為，正是社會的影響產(chǎn)生了這些差異）可知選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.（但要在此基礎(chǔ)上解釋男女技能的實(shí)際差異并非易事）可知選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing（我們也不知道這兩部分是如何通過胼胝體相互作用的。但這種顯著的差異肯定會有一定的影響，因?yàn)檫@種差異存在于大腦中與智力有關(guān)的部分，我們應(yīng)該尋找智力加工的差異）可知選D。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了男性和女性的結(jié)構(gòu)存在差別，科學(xué)家對這種差別所做的研究，因此A選項(xiàng)“概述腦結(jié)構(gòu)的研究成果”符合題意。

9.單選題

Thedevelopmentofthesegenetechnologiesmaybefarinthefuture,but（）themoralandsocialissuesraisedbythemshouldbediscussed,foronceatechnologyhasbeeninvented,itmaybedifficulttostoporcontrol.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presently

B.summarily

C.seriously

D.hesitantly

【答案】A

【解析】副詞辨析。句意：這些基因技術(shù)可能在未來會有很大的發(fā)展，但是應(yīng)該討論的是道德和社會問題。因?yàn)橐坏┌l(fā)明了這種技術(shù)，就很難停止或控制。presently目前；summarily即刻地；seriously嚴(yán)肅地；hesitantly遲疑地。因此，A項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthatbeingrandomly(隨機(jī)地)assignedtoaroommateofanotherracecanleadtoincreasedtolerancebutalsotoagreaterlikelihood(可能性)ofconflict.

Recentreportsfoundthatlodgingwithastudentofadifferentracemaydecreaseprejudiceandcompelstudentstoengageinmoreethnicallydiversefriendships.

AnOhioStateUniversitystudyalsofoundthatblackstudentslivingwithawhiteroommatesawhigheracademicsuccessthroughouttheircollegecareers.Researchersbelievethismaybecausedbysocialpressure.

InaNewYorkTimesarticle,SamBoakye—theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloor—saidthat“ifyou’resurroundedbywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove.”

Researchersalsoobservedproblemsresultingfrompairinginterracialstudentsinresidences.Accordingtotworecentstudies,randomlyassignedroommatesofdifferentracesaremorelikelytoexperienceconflictssostrainedthatoneroommatewillmoveout.

AnIndianaUniversitystudyfoundthatinterracialroommateswerethreetimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolongerlivetogetherbytheendofthesemester.

GraceKao,aprofessoratPennsaidshewasnotsurprisedbythefindings.“Thismaybethefirsttimethatsomeofthesestudentshaveinteracted,andlived,withsomeoneofadifferentrace,”shesaid.

AtPenn,studentsarenotaskedtoindicateracewhenapplyingtorhousing.

“Oneofthegreatthingsaboutfreshmanhousingisthat,withsomeexceptions,theprocessthrowsyoutogetherrandomly,”saidUndergraduateAssemblychairmanAlecWebley.“Thisisthedefinitionofintegration.”

“I’veexperiencedroommateconflictsbetweeninterracialstudentsthathavebothbrokendownstereotypesandreinforcedstereotypes,”saidonePennresidentadvisorRA.TheRAoftwoyearsaddedthatwhilesomeconflicts“providedmoremulticulturalacceptanceandmelding(融合)”,therewerealso“jarringculturalconfrontations”.

TheRAsaidthattheseconflictshavealsooccurredamongroommatesofthesamerace.Kaosaidshecautionsagainstforminganygeneralizationsbasedonanyoneofthestudies,notingthatmorebackgroundcharacteristicsofthestudentsneedtobestudiedandexplained.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromsomerecentstudies?

2.WhatdoesSamBoakye’sremarkmean?

3.WhatdoestheIndianaUniversitystudyshow?

4.WhatdoesAlecWebleyconsidertobethe“definitionofintegration”?

5.WhatdoesGraceKaosayaboutinterraciallodging?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Conflictsbetweenstudentsofdifferentracesareunavoidable.

B.Studentsofdifferentracesareprejudicedagainsteachother.

C.Interraciallodgingdoesmoreharmthangood.

D.Interraciallodgingmayhavediverseoutcomes.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Whitestudentstendtolookdownupontheirblackpeers.

B.Blackstudentscancompetewiththeirwhitepeersacademically.

C.Blackstudentsfeelsomewhatembarrassedamongwhitepeersduringthefreshmanyear.

D.Beingsurroundedbywhitepeersmotivatesablackstudenttoworkhardertosucceed.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Interracialroommatesaremorelikelytofallout.

B.Fewwhitestudentslikesharingaroomwithablackpeer.

C.Roommatesofdifferentracesjustdon’tgetalong.

D.Assigningstudents’lodgingrandomlyisnotagoodpolicy.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Studentsofdifferentracesarerequiredtosharearoom.

B.Interraciallodgingisarrangedbytheschoolforfreshmen.

C.Lodgingisassignedtostudentsofdifferentraceswithoutexception.

D.Theschoolrandomlyassignsroommateswithoutregardtorace.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itisunscientifictomakegeneralizationsaboutitwithoutfurtherstudy.

B.Schoolsshouldbecautiouswhenmakingdecisionsaboutstudentlodging.

C.Students’racialbackgroundshouldbeconsideredbeforelodgingisassigned.

D.Experiencedresidentadvisorsshouldbeassignedtohandletheproblems.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthatbeingrandomlyassignedtoaroommateofanotherracecanleadtoincreasedtolerancebutalsotoagreaterlikelihoodofconflict.（最近的一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起可能會增強(qiáng)包容性，但也可能會增加沖突的幾率。），可知不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起可能會有好的結(jié)果和不好的結(jié)果，并且沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)更有可能是好的還是不好的結(jié)果，D選項(xiàng)“讓不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起可能有不同的結(jié)果”正確，A選項(xiàng)“不同種族的學(xué)生之間的沖突不可避免”和C選項(xiàng)“讓不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起弊大于利”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“不同種族的學(xué)生互相有偏見”：根據(jù)第二段Recentreportsfoundthatlodgingwithastudentofadifferentracemaydecreaseprejudice（最近的報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，與不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起可能會減少偏見），可知文章表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)是偏見可能會減少，而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)偏見的存在。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段blackstudentslivingwithawhiteroommatesawhigheracademicsuccessthroughouttheircollegecareers.Researchersbelievethismaybecausedbysocialpressure.（與白人室友同住的黑人學(xué)生在整個(gè)大學(xué)生涯中獲得了更高的學(xué)術(shù)成就。研究人員認(rèn)為這可能是社會壓力造成的。）和第四段InaNewYorkTimesarticle,SamBoakye—theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloor—saidthat“ifyou’resurroundedbywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove.”（在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的一篇文章中，大學(xué)一年級唯一的黑人學(xué)生Samboakye說：“如果你周圍都是白人，你就得證明自己?！保芍c白人室友同住的黑人學(xué)生更加努力，因此獲得了更高的學(xué)術(shù)成就，D選項(xiàng)“周圍是白人同學(xué)的環(huán)境激勵(lì)黑人學(xué)生更加努力地工作以獲得成功”正確。B選項(xiàng)“黑人學(xué)生可以在學(xué)業(yè)上與白人同齡人競爭”：不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“白人學(xué)生往往看不起他們的黑人同學(xué)”和C選項(xiàng)“在大學(xué)一年級期間，黑人學(xué)生在白人同齡人中有些尷尬”：文中沒有提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句Accordingtotworecentstudies,randomlyassignedroommatesofdifferentracesaremorelikelytoexperienceconflictssostrainedthatoneroommatewillmoveout.（根據(jù)最近的兩項(xiàng)研究，隨機(jī)分配的不同種族的室友更有可能經(jīng)歷緊張的沖突，以至于其中一個(gè)室友會搬出去。）和第六段AnIndianaUniversitystudyfoundthatinterracialroommateswerethreetimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolongerlivetogetherbytheendofthesemester.（印第安納大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，到學(xué)期結(jié)束時(shí)，不同種族室友不住在一起的可能性是兩個(gè)白人室友的三倍。），可知不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起比同種族的學(xué)生住在一起更容易鬧矛盾，但不是一定會鬧矛盾，A選項(xiàng)“不同種族的室友更容易爭吵”正確，C選項(xiàng)“不同種族的室友相處不好”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“很少有白人學(xué)生喜歡和黑人同學(xué)合住一個(gè)房間”：沒有具體提到白人學(xué)生對住宿對象的意向。D選項(xiàng)“隨機(jī)分配學(xué)生住宿不是一個(gè)好政策”：這里討論的是不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起的相關(guān)情況，而非隨機(jī)分配學(xué)生住宿不是一個(gè)好政策是否合理。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第九段“theprocessthrowsyoutogetherrandomly,”saidUndergraduateAssemblychairmanAlecWebley.“Thisisthedefinitionofintegration.”（“這個(gè)過程會隨意地把你們聚在一起。”本科生大會主席AlecWebley說，“這就是整合的定義?！保芍@里的“整合”指的是把不同種族的學(xué)生隨機(jī)聚在一起，D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校隨機(jī)分配室友，不考慮種族”正確。A選項(xiàng)“不同種族的學(xué)生被要求共享一個(gè)房間”和B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校為新生安排不同種族的室友”：學(xué)校沒有特意規(guī)定和硬性要求，室友都是隨機(jī)分配，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“對不同種族的學(xué)生一視同仁”：這里的重點(diǎn)不是平等對待所有學(xué)生，給所有學(xué)生同樣的福利或待遇，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)隨機(jī)分配室友，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Kaosaidshecautionsagainstforminganygeneralizationsbasedonanyoneofthestudies,notingthatmorebackgroundcharacteristicsofthestudentsneedtobestudiedandexplained.（Kao說，她告誡不要基于任何一項(xiàng)研究得出一般性結(jié)論，指出需要研究和解釋更多學(xué)生的背景特征。），可知Kao認(rèn)為需要進(jìn)行足夠的研究才能給出結(jié)論，A選項(xiàng)“沒有進(jìn)一步研究就對其進(jìn)行概括是不科學(xué)的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校在安排學(xué)生住宿時(shí)應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎”，C選項(xiàng)“在分配住宿之前，應(yīng)該考慮學(xué)生的種族背景”和D選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該指派有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的室長來處理這些問題”：文中沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.填空題

Oneofourarticlesisabouttobe（1）inNature.Everyoneispleasedthatit’sappearinginahigh-profileinternationaljournal,buttherewasaserious（2）inourresearchgroup（3）overwho