2022屆高考名校自招英語講義-閱讀理解

高考自招寶典（1）?ー閱讀理解篇第七講閱讀理解之事實(shí)細(xì)解題【考點(diǎn)說明】閱讀理解之事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題在考題中的比例比較大,在有傳統(tǒng)閱讀題型的聯(lián)盟考試（復(fù)旦千分考、北約、卓越同盟）中,基本每篇閱讀中都至少含有一道事實(shí)細(xì)解題,所以充分掌握這部分的答題方法和答題技巧是非常必要的。【題型特點(diǎn)分析】所謂細(xì)節(jié)題,是指原文提到了某事物、現(xiàn)象和理論,題干針對(duì)原文具體敘述本身發(fā)問。該類題型幾乎都可以在原文中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息,或是其變體。該題型可具體分為三大類:細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題:在原文中可以直接找到答案,題干常用what,when,where,why,how,who等提問。細(xì)節(jié)推理題:答案根據(jù)原文中的細(xì)節(jié)推理得到。細(xì)節(jié)歸納題:需要將題目信息與原文中的相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語義上的轉(zhuǎn)換,兩者存在表達(dá)上的差異,有時(shí)需要進(jìn)行加工或整理后方能得到答案。常見的題干表現(xiàn)形式有:<When/wheredidthestoryhappen?Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)mentionedinthepassage?Whichistherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage?くAllthestatementsaretrueexcept...Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasoneofthereasonsfor...?這類細(xì)節(jié)性問題所涉及的面很廣，有的需要經(jīng)過簡單的數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算確定時(shí)間、距離、次數(shù)、數(shù)量等:有的涉及正誤判斷;有的詢問事實(shí)、原因、結(jié)果、目的等?！窘忸}技巧】解題技巧是建立在對(duì)題目特點(diǎn)和選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)的充分把握之上的,鑒于上一部分已對(duì)題目特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了分析,所以這部分將主要從答題步驟和選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)兩方面解析答題技巧。（一）解題步驟.迅速定位,縮小范圍:通（一）解題步驟.迅速定位,縮小范圍:通過尋讀法（scanning）,用題干或選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞（如人名,地名等）在文中搜尋,迅速確定相關(guān)詞句或信息點(diǎn)所在的位置,縮小閱讀范圍。題干和選項(xiàng)中可用中搜索關(guān)鍵詞可能是專有名詞、數(shù)詞、實(shí)體名詞,以及這些詞的同義表達(dá)等。.理解其意,對(duì)照選項(xiàng):在找到這些關(guān)鍵詞句后,要仔細(xì)閱讀,準(zhǔn)確理解,對(duì)照選項(xiàng),看哪的意思與之最接近。.排除干擾,選出答案:在做出選擇的過程中，要善于辨別真?zhèn)危懦蓴_，不斷縮小范圍正確答案,這就是我們常說的排除法。時(shí)間:在文卜選項(xiàng)選出（二）選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn).正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)「①一般可以在文章中直接或間接找到答案,但是不可能與閱讀材料ー模ー樣,而是用不同的詞語或句型表達(dá)相同的意思。]②題干+正確選項(xiàng)的信息值等于或者約等于原文中某句的信息值。【③體現(xiàn)中心思想,細(xì)節(jié)與主旨直接關(guān)聯(lián)。.干擾選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)r①杜撰事實(shí),無中生有.文中根本找不到任何相關(guān)信息,完全由命題人所捏造;符合常識(shí)，但不是文章內(nèi)容。I②偷梁換柱,以假亂真,采用原文中的句式和大部分詞匯，但換了個(gè)別詞,改變原意。]③半真半假,虛虛實(shí)實(shí)。干擾項(xiàng)與原文相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)部分相同,部分相悖。④文不對(duì)題,濫竽充數(shù)干擾項(xiàng)是原文中的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，但與題干要求不符。I⑤以偏概全,掩人耳目,干擾項(xiàng)只代表了某一方面的含義，不具有概括性。.注意問題{①含有模糊性和絕對(duì)意義的詞語的選項(xiàng)要特別注意(如:some,sometimes,someone,possible,probably...;only,most,everything,all,completely等)②注意細(xì)微之處的干擾,干擾選項(xiàng)與原文的差別很細(xì)微,正確答案與主旨相關(guān)。③留意否定詞。如果題干中含有否定意義的詞語,如有not,except,least,never等,要特別留心,不要理解錯(cuò)了,而選相反的答案。【典例精講】一,（華南理工大學(xué)）AMostpeoplewillansweraringingphone.Usuallyyoudon'tknowwhoisphoningorhowurgenttheirbusinessis,soaringingphoneisdifficulttoignore.Inoneexperint^ntT"aresea^herwrotedownthenumbersofseveralpublicphonesinstationsandairports.Thenhecalledthenumbers.Someonenearlyalwaysanswered.Whenheaskedwhy,peopleusuallysaid,"Becauseitrang.”AfewyearsagoinNewJersey,amanwithagunkilled13people.Armedpolicesurroundedhishousebutherefusedtocomeout.Areporterfoundoutthephonenumberofthehouseandcalled.Themanputdownhisrifleandansweredthephone.44Whatdoyouwant?"hesaid,"I'mreallybusyrightnow."Imagineyou'reatworkandthephoneisringinginsomeoneelse'soffice.Doyouansweritornot?Inonesurveyontelephoneuse,51%ofparticipantstoldresearchersthattheydid.Wecan'tignorethephoneandforthatreason,itforcesitswayintoourlives.Itinterruptswhatwearedoingandontopofthat,thecallerisoftensomeonewedon'treallywanttotalkto.However,inthesurvey,58%saidtheynevertookthephoneoffthehook,and67%didn'tmindifsomeonecalledduringatelevisionprogramme.For44%itwasn'taproblemifsomeonerangduringameal,whileonly28%wereannoyedorupset.Ifsomeonephonedinthemiddleofthenight,40%toldresearchersthattheygotnervousorfrightened,whilearound30%gotangry.Ofcourse,whensomeoneisreallyannoying,youcanchoosetohanguponthem.Thisisinfactoneoftherudestthingsyoucandoonthephone,but79%saidtheywerepreparedtodoitinsomecases.Only6%toldresearcherstheyneverhunguponpeople.IntheExperimentノpeopleansweredtheresearcher'sphone.forfearthatitwasurgentinordertohelphimgatherthedatatotestthefunctionofthephonetoshowtheirinterestinthesurveyAccordingtoPara.3,mostpeoplewhentheyweredoingtheirworkorwatchingtelevision?mindedtheringingofthephonecouldn'tignorethephonerefusedtoanswerthephoneinsomeoneelse'sofficekeptthephoneringing二.（上海交通大學(xué)）BAthoroughmarketanalysisandplanareessentialforstartinganewventureordecidingwhetheranexistingoneshouldbeterminatedorexpanded.Manybusinessesandprogramshavefailedbecau雙theimportanceofthesestepswasunderestimated.Themarketresearch,analysis,andplanshouldbeconductedbyaqualifiedcompanyemployeeordepartmentalofficialorbyanexperiencedthirdparty.Themostimportantpointisthatitmustbefinishedbeforeadecisionismadetoproceed.Investorscanprovidethefinancing.Theprincipalscaninvesttime,money,andenergy.Facilitiescanbebuiltandequippedandpersonnelhiredandtrained.Yetitcanallbelostifthereisn'tamarkettosupporttheproduct.Repeatedbusinessfailures,whichcanbeattributedtoalackofmarketresearch,andplanning,occurredinmanyoftheshoppingcentersintheauthor'shomecityofSanJose.California.Speedyshopshavgopenedandclosedonaregularbasis.Somefailureswereundoubtedlyduetopoormanagement,otherstoundercapitalizationorpooreconomicconditions.Butmanywerecausedbyaninadequateunderstandingofthemarketbeingssqgved Manyoftheproductscarriedbythespecialtystoreswerealsoofferedb^largedepartmentordiscountstores）oftenlocatedinthesameshoppingcenter.Thedepartmentanddiscountstoresfrequently*HadUdisiniutpriceaclvantage.Forthespecialtyshops,theproblemwasalackofcompetitiveknowledge,whichonlycomesfrommarketanalysisandplanning.PatentlyridiculousexamplesofpoormarketplanningarelocatingaCadillacdealershipinthecenterofapoordistrictandopeningaJapanesespecialtyfoodstoreinapredominantlyItalianneighborhood.Buttheseextremeexampleshighlighttheessentiallesson:theimportanceofknowingthemarkettobeserved..Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thefailureofmanybusinessesliesin.unsuccessfuldecision-makingshortageofadequateinvestmentpoormanagementofthebusinessinsufficientscientificmarketstudyWhetherabusinesscansurviveornotmainlydependsonthefactthat.thereisenoughcapitaltorunthecompany

customersarewillingtobuyitsproductsthepersonnelarewelltrainedandenergeticitisfullyequippedwithadvancedfacilities3.SpecialtyshopsoftenfailincompetingwitFHajgedepartmentinthesamedistrict3.SpecialtyshopsoftenfailincompetingwitFHajgedepartmentinthesamedistrictmainlybecause.theirproductsaremoreexpensivetheirservicesareoftenundesirabletheyfailtoadjusttotherightmarkettheydon'tofferalargevarietyofgoodsへ例題后的技巧總結(jié):1）通讀全文,了解大致內(nèi)容;2）把握文章主旨,通常細(xì)節(jié)題目中的正確答案與文章主旨聯(lián)系非常緊密。3）熟悉正確項(xiàng)與干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn),有助于考生了解出題者的出題角度,從而更容易選出正確選項(xiàng)。4）按步驟做題,保證做題速度,熟練后亦可保證做題速度?！菊骖}模擬題訓(xùn)練】（一）真題（復(fù)旦）SarahAlexandercelebratedthestartofherlastyearatWellsCollegethewaymanyotherseniorsbeforeherhave.SheranacrossthepicturesquecampustotheshoresofCayugaLake,whereshejumpedintothewater.Sodidmanyofherfellowseniors.Butdozensofstudentsdecidedtostayaway,especiallytherelativelyfewnewlyarrivedmalestudents.WellsCollege,whichsince1868hadeducatedonlywomen,beganacceptingmenthisyearinhopesofbolsteringitsdwindlingenrollment.Formanystudentsandalumnae,itwasacrushingdecision.AfterthecollegeannouncedlastOctoberthatitwouldgocoeducational,abouthalfofthestudentsprotestedandtwofiledalawsuit,whichtheylaterdropped.Thestudents-——33menand383women-???cametocampuslatelastmonth.Bothsexesarenowtryingtonavigatethenewsociallandscape.Mr.Phillipssaid“Youcan'tdoguystuff.Everytimeyouwanttositandwatchsportsoragame,itturnsintoamovie."Thewomenwere"somewhatnasty"Icouldseethedirtylooksintheireyes."Hesaid,"ButIwasnotgoingtoletthatstopmefromcomings."Wellswasaplacewherewomendidnothavetofussovertheirappearanceorfighttobetakenseriouslybytheirprofessor.Theycouldenjoythecamaraderieoftheircampussistersandtheirplayfultraditions.Besidesjumpingintothelake,thewomendancearoundthemaypoleeachMayandkissthefeetofthestatueofMinerva,theRomangoddessofwisdom,beforeexams.Ms.Alexandersaid,"Peopletolduswewouldn'tnoticeadifference,butfromthemomentmenarrivedoncampusyoucouldnoticeadifference.Womenarewakingupearlytoputonmakeup,andthat'sodd,"shesaid.HenryWells,afounderofWellsFargoandafriendofCornell'sbenefactor,EzraCornellestablishedthiscollege,whenwomenwerenotconsideredcapableofhigherlearning."Givehertheopportunity,"hewrote.Thenewsthatthecollegewouldgocoedcreatedripplesfarbeyondcampus.Onealumnawrotealettertothecollege'spresident,LisaMarshRyerson,sayingthefounderwouldhaunther."IbelieveHenryWellswouldhavehauntedmeifIletWellsCollegeclose,"saidMs.MarshRyerson,aWellsalumnaherself.Thegreat-great-great-greatgranddaughterofHenryWells,StephanieRedmond,18,ofWashingtonState,saidthatearlierthisyearaWellsstudenthadtrackedherdownandaskedhertosupporttheprotest.ButMs.RedmondsaidthemovetoadmitmenhadencouragedhertoenrollatWellsthisyearasafreshman.Sheplansonacareerinengineering,amale-dominatedfield,andsaidattendinganall-women'scollegemighthaveputheratadisadvantage.TheprimaryreasonforWellsCollegetoacceptmenisthat.A.itsenrollmentrateisindeclineB.thecampuslacksvigorandvitalityC.itwillfacethedestinyofbeingcloseddownD.all-women'scollegemightputawomanatadisadvantageAtypicalbehaviorforseniorstodoisthat.A.theyjogalongthepicturesquecampusB.theyswitchsportsprogramstoamovieC.theycelebratetheirfourthyearbyjumpingintoalakeD.theyswiminCayugaLakeaccompaniedbytheirfriendsThechangeafterturningintoacoedcollegeisthat.dirtylooksinwomen'seyeshavedisappearedwomengetupearlytomakeupwomenarewakingupearlytostudywomendancewithmenaroundthemaypoleWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Theenrollmentofmalestudentscausedcontroversy.Thegrandchildrenofthecollegefounderbenefitedmost.Thecurrentpresidentofthecollegewasalsoitsgraduate.Thefounderhopedtogivewomenopportunitiesofhighereducation.（二）模擬題A"Howmanyofyouhavebeenangryatleastoncetoday?"askedtheconductorofananger-managementseminar.AccordingtoanarticleTheNewYorkTimes,mostofthoseintheroomraisedtheirhands."Thefactis,"theseminarleadercontinued,"peoplegetangryanaverageof10tO14timesaday.Butangerisespeciallyendemictowork.Ifyouhaveajob,you'reguaranteedtogetangry."Upwouldhavegonemyhand,hadIbeenintheroomandheardthatlastmark.AndIwouldhaverespectfullydisagreed.Althoughsomestatisticsindicatethatthenumberofon-thejobflare-upshasincreasedinrecentyears,toholdontothenotionthatworkplaceangeristhereforeguaranteediscounterproductive.Itleavesonewiththeimpressionthatanyeffortstoremaineven-temperedatworkare,atbest,onlyabandit.Anger-managementexpertsdoofferafewcommon-senseguidelinestominimizework-relatedanger:Don'tletitfester;don'tlookforsnubsinwhatarepurelyinnocentincidents;don'tgetcaughtupinotherpeople'sgripes;ifyoustarttolosecontrol,takeabreak.Iwouldadd,pray.Insteadofsittingtherefumingoversomeencounter,whynotusethetimetolistentoGod'sthoughts,hismessagestoyou?Tobesure,theywillsnuffouttheheatofangerandbringcalmness,clarityandhealing."IknowthethoughtsthatIthinktowardyou,faiththeLord,thoughtsofpeace,andnotofevil,togiveyouanexpectedend."Betterstill,onecanactpreemptivelytopreventavolatileatmosphereonthejob.Agoodstartistoconsiderthatthepeopleweworkwith-whetherit'sthepersonatthedeskacrossfromoursorthepresidentofthecompany一arenotwhatweseeonthesurface.Ifwetakeitforgrantedthatourcoworkersaresomanyindividualscomposedmerelyofanassortmentofphysicalandemotionalcharacteristics,thenouroverallexpectationsonthejob,aswellasourconcernforthewell-beingofthoseweworkwith,arelimited.Butourtruenatureisn'tthesumofmaterialandsometimesfieryemotionalelements.EachoneofusisGod'schild.Everyone'strueselfhoodcomesfromthisonesource一God,divineSpirit-andisthereforepurelygoodandspiritual."Man(includingwoman)istheoffspring,notofthelowest,butofthehighestqualitiesofMind,"wroteMaryBakerEddy,authorofScienceandHealthwithKeytotheScriptures.ThisdivineMind,orGod,isexpressingineachofusthese"highestqualities*'asourrealnature,respectfullyandlovingly,andrevealingouractualrelationtooneanotherassonsanddaughtersofGod.Whatweshouldbecountingonatwork,then,oranywhereelsewherepeoplecomeintocontactwithoneanother,isanatmosphereinwhicheveryonefeelsupheldbyGod'sthoughtsofpeace.Inthisatmosphere,solidrelationshipsdevelopandsolutionsappeareveninsituationswhereitwasbelievedthatnonewerepossible.So,insteadofbracingforashowdownwithafellowworker,youcanarriveatworkfilledwiththeconvictionthatyouandyourcolleagues,clientsandcustomersareallinherentlygood-natured—God-natured—theoffspringofatotallylovingcreator.You'recertaintohavehigherexpectations,morecompassion,morepatience.Arealpeacemakerattitude.Thisisdoingmorethanmanagingwork-relatedanger.Thisishelpingtoeliminateit.Whatguidelinesdotheanger-managementexpertsoffertosubsideworkplaceanger?Calmdownandtrytosolvetheproblem.Takeabreathwhenbeginningtolosecontrol.Divertyourattentiontopleasantthings.Alloftheabove.Whatdoestheauthorof"ScienceandHealthwithKeytotheScriptures"trytoconveyreadersinthebook?ManiscreatedbyGodwithdivinequalities.Humanbeings'realnatureisasrespectfulasGod.WearealloffspringofGod;ourrelationshipwithothersisthatofbrotherhoodorsisterhood,sothere'snoreasonforconflicts.Alloftheabovepoints.BIntheearly20thcentury,fewthingsweremoreappealingthanthepromiseofscientificknowledge.Inawordstrugglingwithrapidindustrialization,scienceandtechnologyseemedtooffersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem.Newlycreatedstatecollegesanduniversitiesdevotedthemselvesalmostentirelytoscientific,technological,andengineeringfields.ManyAmericanscametobelievethatscientificcertaintycouldnotonlysolvescientificproblems,butalsoreformpolitics,government,andbusiness.TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethanscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateprosperousandorderedworld.AfterWorldWarII,theacademicworldturnedwithnewenthusiasmtohumanisticstudies,whichseemedtomanyscholarsthebestwaytoensurethesurvivalofdemocracy.Americanscholarsfannedoutacrossmuchoftheworld一一withsupportfromtheFordFoundation,theFulbrightprogram,etc.topromotetheteachingofliteratureandtheartsinanefforttomakethecasefordemocraticfreedoms.IntheAmericaofourowntime,thegreateducationalchallengehasbecomeanefforttostrengthentheteachingofwhatisnowknownastheSTEMdisciplines(science,technology,engineering,andmath).ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.India,China,Japanandotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.Atthesametime,perhapsinevitably,thehumanitieswhilestillpopularinethiccollegesanduniversitieshaveexperiencedasignificantdecline.Humanisticdisciplinesareseriouslyunderfunded,notjustbythegovernmentandthefoundationsbutbyacademicinstitutionsthemselves.Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembersatmostinstitutionsandareoftenlightlyregardedbecausetheydonotgeneratedgrantincomeandbecausetheyprovidenoobviouscredentials(資質(zhì))formostnonacademiccareers.UndoubtedlyAmericaneducationshouldtrainmorescientistsandengineers.MuchoftheconcernamongpoliticiansaboutthestateofAmericanuniversitiestodayisfocusedintheabsenceof“realworld^^educationwhichmeanspreparationforprofessionalandscientificcareers.Buttheideathatinstitutionsortheirstudentsmustdecidebetweenhumanitiesandscienceisfalse.Oursocietycouldnotsurvivewithoutscientificandtechnologicalknowledge.Butwewouldbeequallyimpoverished（貧困的）withouthumanisticknowledgeaswell.Scienceandtechnologyteachuswhatwecando.Humanisticthinkinghelpsusunderstandwhatweshoulddo.Itisalmostimpossibletoimagineoursocietywithoutthinkingoftheextraordinaryachievementsofscientistsandengineersinbuildingourcomplicatedworld.Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.Wehavealwaysneeded,andwestillneed,both.1.Intheearly20thcenturyAmericansbelievedscienceandtechnologycould.solvevirtuallyallexistingproblemsquickenthepaceofindustrializationhelpraisepeople'slivingstandardspromotethenation'ssocialprogress2WhyareAmericanscholarsworriedabouteducationaltoday?theSTEMsubjectsaretoochallengingforstudentstolearn.SomeAmericancountrieshaveovertakenAmericainbasicscience.AmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMdisciplines.Therearenoenoughscholarsinhumanisticstudies.Whatacceleratedthesignificantdeclineinhumanisticstudiestoday?Insufficientfunding.Shrinkingenrollment.Shortageofdevelopedfaculty.Dimprospectsforgraduates.Whydoestheauthorattachsomuchimportancetohumanisticstudies?A.rrheypromotethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Theyhelppreparestudentsfortheirprofessionalcareers.Humanisticthinkinghelpsdefineourcultureandvalues.Humanisticthinkinghelpscultivatestudents'creativity.（三）拓展題AYouheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn'tfeelgood.Whydoesn'tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluentSocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.TheAffluentSocietyisamodemclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold"threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote.kfcPovertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours."AfterWorldWarII,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn'treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively——andwrongly—labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil."It'softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeservingrich-overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople'sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.Pcoplefeel“squeezed"becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon'tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey'vebecome“thedisposableAmerican,''asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggestedutopianpossibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlessphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity.Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We'vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness.必做題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?A.Whystatisticsdon'ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.B.Whyaffluencedoesn'tguaranteehappiness.C.Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.D.Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause.A.publicspendinghasn'tbeencutdownasexpectedthegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryeviltheyareinfearofanotherGreatDepressionmaterialismhasrunwildinmodemsocietyWhydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?A.rFheirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor.Healthcareandeducationalcosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?A.Renewedeconomicsecurity.Asenseofself-fulfillment.Newconflictsandcomplaints.D.Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.選做題:非事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題5.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby"thedisposableAmerican"(Line3,Para.4)?Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.BYou'reintroubleifyouhavetobuyyourownbrand-nameprescriptiondrugs.Overthepastdecade,pricesleapedbymorethandoubletheinflationrate.Treatmentsforchronicconditionscaneasilytop$2,000amonth-nowonderthatoneinfourAmericanscan'taffordtofilltheirprescriptions.Thesolution?Aheartychorusof“OhCanada."Northoftheborder,wherepricecontrolsreign,thosesamebrand-namedrugscost50%to80%less.TheCanadianoptionisfastbecomingapoliticalwake-upcall,"Ifourneighborscanbuydrugsatreasonableprices,whycan'twe?"Eventowhisperthatthoughtprovokesanger."Un-American!"And-thepropagandists'trumpcard（王牌）一"Wreckourbrillianthealth-caresystem."Super-sizedrugprices,theyclaim,fundtheresearchthatsparksthenextgenerationofwonderdrugs.Nosky-highdrugpricetoday,nocureforcancertomorrow.Soshutupandpayup.Commonsensetellsyouthat'safalsealternative.Therewardforfinding,say,acancercureissohugethatnoone'sgoingtohangitup.Nevertheless,ifCanada-levelpricingcametotheUnitedStates,theindustry'sprofitmarginswoulddropandthepaceofnew-drugdevelopmentwouldslow.HereliestheAmericandilemma.Whoisallthissplendidmedicinefor?Shouldourhealth-caresystemcontinueitsdrivetowardthebestofthebest,eventhoughrisingnumbersofpatientscan'taffordit?Orshouldwedirectourwealthtowardlettingeveryoneinontoday'slevelofcare?Measuredbysavedlives,thelatterisalmostcertainlythebettercourse.Todefendtheirprofits,thedrugcompanieshavewarnedCanadianwholesalersandpharmaciesnottoselltoAmericansbymail,andarecuttingbacksuppliestothosewhodare.Meanwhile,theadministrationisplayingthefearcard.OfficialsfromtheFoodandDrugAdministrationwillarguethatCanadiandrugsmightbefake,mishandled,orevenapotentialthreattolife.DobaddrugsflyaroundtheInternet?Sure,andthemorewelook,the