BEC中級(jí)第二輯閱讀真題及答案詳解

thecontactbetweencoachandemployeenotsolvingalldifficultiesatworkthediscussionofhowcertainsituationscouldbebetterhandlediftheyoccuragainacoachencouraginganemployeetoapplywhathasbeentaughttoroutineworksituationscoachingprovidingnewinteresttoindividualswhoareunhappyintheircurrentpositionscoachingprovidingasupportiveenvironmenttodiscussperformanceemployeesbeingaskedtoanalysethemselvesandpractisegreaterself-awarenesscoachingenablingacompanytorespondrapidlytoalackofexpertiseinacertainareaCoachingACoachinginvolvestwoormorepeoplesittingdowntogethertotalkthroughissuesthathavecomeuprecentlyatwork,andanalysinghowtheyweremanagedandhowtheymightbedealtwithmoreeffectivelyonsubsequentoccasions.Coachingthustransfersskillsandinformationfromonepersontoanotherinanon-the-jobsituationsothattheworkexperienceofthecoachisusedtoadviseandguidetheindividualbeingcoached.Italsoallowssuccessesandfailurestobeevaluatedinanon-threateningatmosphere.BCoachingmeansinfluencingthelearner'spersonaldevelopment,forexamplehisorherconfidenceandambition.Itcantakeplaceanytimeduringanindividual'scareer.Coachingisintendedtoassistindividualstofunctionmoreeffectively,anditisapowerfullearningmodel.Itbeginswhereskills-basedtrainingends,andhelpsindividualstouseformallylearntknowledgeinday-to-dayworkandmanagementsituations.Individualsbeingcoachedareinademandingsituationwiththeircoach,whichrequiresthemtoconsidertheirownbehaviourandquestiontheirreasonsfordoingthings.CThecoachprofessionallyassiststhecareerdevelopmentofanotherindividual,outsidethenormalmanager/subordinaterelationship.Intheory,thecoachingrelationshipshouldprovideanswerstoeveryproblem,butinpracticeitfallsshortofthis.However,itcanprovideaspacefordiscussionandfeedbackontopicssuchaspeoplemanagementandskills,behaviourpatterns,confidence-buildingandtimemanagement.Throughcoaching,anorganisationcanmeetskillsshortages,discusstargetsandindicatehowemployeesshoulddealwithchallengingsituations,allatshortnotice.DEffectivecoachesareusuallythosewhogetsatisfactionfromthesuccessofothersandwhogivetimetothecoachingrole.Givingpeoplecoachingresponsibilitiescansupporttheirdevelopment,eitherbyencouragingmanagementpotentialthroughsmall-scaleone-to-oneassignments,orbyprovidingaddedjobsatisfactiontomanagerswhofeeltheyarestuckintheirpresentjobs.Acoachisalsoaconfidentialadviser,accustomedtodevelopingpositiveandeffectiveapproachestocomplexmanagement,organisationalandchangeproblems.這篇文章講的是培訓(xùn)（coaching）的作用。培訓(xùn)對(duì)ー個(gè)公司的發(fā)展和員エ的成長(zhǎng)都是至關(guān)重要的。文章的內(nèi)容比較泛,但是題目的答案比較明顯。第一題,教練和員エ之間的接觸不能解決工作中的所有困難。答案是C段的這么一句:Intheory,thecoachingrelationshipshouldprovideanswerstoeveryproblem,butinpracticeitfallsshortofthis.理論上,培訓(xùn)可以提供所有問(wèn)題的答案。但是實(shí)踐中達(dá)不到這樣。Fallshortof是關(guān)鍵詞。第二題,討論某些情況如果再度出現(xiàn)的話怎么樣可以處理的更好。答案是A段的這么一’ロJ：analysinghowtheyweremanagedandhowtheymightbedealtwithmoreeffectivelyonsubsequentoccasions.分析應(yīng)該如何進(jìn)行處理并且在接下來(lái)的情況下怎樣可以處理的更有效。這里的dealtwithmoreeffectively對(duì)應(yīng)于題干中的betterhandled,onsubsequentoccasions.t{2就是occuragain〇第三題,教練鼓勵(lì)員エ將所學(xué)應(yīng)用到日常的工作中。答案是B段的這么一句:helpsindividualstouseformallylearntknowledgeinday-to-dayworkandmanagementsituations.幫助個(gè)人將學(xué)到的正式知識(shí)用在日常工作和管理情況下。這里的day-to-dayworkandmanagementsituations就是題―干中的routineworksituations,whathasbeentaught也就是formallylearntknowledge〇第四題,培訓(xùn)為在現(xiàn)有崗位上不高興的個(gè)人提供了新的興趣。答案是D段的這么一句:providingaddedjobsatisfactiontomanagerswhofeeltheyarestuckintheirpresentjobs〇對(duì)感完自己在現(xiàn)有崗位上受困的經(jīng)理們提供附加的工作滿足感。這里的stuckintheirpresentjobs就是題干中的unhappyintheircurrentposition,addedjobsatisfaction可以對(duì)應(yīng)于題干中的newinterest〇第五題,培訓(xùn)提供了一個(gè)有力的、支持性的討論工作表現(xiàn)的環(huán)境。答案是A段的:Italsoallowssuccessesandfailurestobeevaluatedinanon-threateningatmosphere.它允許成功和失敗在ー個(gè)沒(méi)有威脅的氣氛下被評(píng)估。成功和失敗也就是performance,supportiveenvironment可以對(duì)應(yīng)于non-threateningatmosphere〇第六題,員工被要求分析他們自己并且培養(yǎng)出更強(qiáng)的自知。有必要理解下self-awareness的含義,不能簡(jiǎn)單的從中文理解成自我意識(shí),看英文解釋:knowledgeandunderstandingofyourself〇所以答案是B段的這么一句:requiresthemtoconsidertheirownbehaviourandquestiontheirreasonsfordoingthings.要求他們考慮自己的行為并且思考這么做的理由。considertheirownbehaviour可以對(duì)應(yīng)于題干中的analysethemselves,思考這么做的理由也是為了進(jìn)ー步增進(jìn)對(duì)自己的認(rèn)識(shí)。第七題,培訓(xùn)可以使得公司對(duì)某個(gè)領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)缺失迅速做出反應(yīng)。答案是C段的最后一切:indicatehowemployeesshoulddealwithchallengingsituations,allatshortnotice.指出員工怎樣處理有挑戰(zhàn)性的情況,在短時(shí)間內(nèi)。Atshortnotice是ー接到通知就,短時(shí)間內(nèi)的意思,可以對(duì)應(yīng)這ー題的respondrapidly,challengingsituations可以指代題干中的alackofexpertiseinacertainarea.BUFFETZONELucyRobertsonstartedworkingatatakeawayfoodbusinesstosupplementherincomeduringherstudentdaysatEdinburghUniversity,Severalyearslatershehadboughtthebusinessandnow,17yearson,sheownsGrapevineCaterers,probablyScotland'sleadingindependentcaterers,withaturnoverofalmost￡6m.Shehadneverplannedtoownabusiness,andhadcertainlyneverconsideredacareerincatering.(0) However,herunplannedcareerbeganin1985,whenshereturnedtoEdinburghanddiscoveredthatthetakeawayshehadworkedinwasupforsale.Onimpulse,sheboughtit,butadmitsthatatthetimesheknewnothingaboutcatering.Itwasadifficulttime,butessentialintermsofgainingtheexperiencesheneeded.Thelate1980sboomwasgoodforbusiness,withlargenumbersofofficeworkerswantingtakeawayfoodfortheirlunches.'Atonepointtherewere26foodoutletswithina5-kilometreradius,'Robertsonrecalls.Astheeconomychangedandtheoncepackedofficeblocksstartedtobecomevacant,itbecameclearthatRobertsonwouldneedtodiversify.(10) Itchangedthedirectionofthecompanyforgood.AsRobertsonbegantowincateringcontracts,shedecidedthatthecompanywouldhavetomovetolargerpremises.In1994,themovewasmadewhensheboughtanothercateringbusinessthatalreadyhadanumberofprofitablecontractsforboardroomlunches.Meanwhile,Robertson'smaincompetitor,theoldestcateringcompanyinEdinburgh,wascausinghersomeanxiety.'Customerloyaltyisnottobeunderestimated,,shewarns.ButRobertsonisnotsomeonewhoiseasilyputoff.(l1) Partlyasaresultofthis,turnoverdoubled,andhavingoutgrownanothersite,Robertsonboughtacity-centrelocationforthegroup'sheadquarters.Bynow,Grapevine'smaincompetitorwasanewcateringcompanycalledTowngates.AlthoughRobertsontriedtoraiseenoughmoneytobuyTowngates,shedidnotsucceed.ThenluckintervenedandTowngateswentbankrupt.(12) Manyacceptedandthecompany'sturnoverwentfrom￡700,000to￡1.5millionalmostovernight.However,thecompany'sgrowthwasnotassmoothasitsoundsinretrospect.Robertsonadmits,'Wewereclosetotheedgeduringthegrowthperiod.Likemanyunder-capitalisedcompaniestryingtogrow,itmighteasilyhavecollapsed.'Butthat,shefeels,isthechallengeofdevelopingyourownbusiness.AButthereareplentyofsimilarcontractstobewonintheeastofScotlandbeforeRobertsonturnsherattentionelsewhere.BHerwayroundthisparticularproblemwastorecruitthecateringmanageroftherivalcompany.CButthisdemandwasshort-lived,andbeforelong,increasingcompetitionmadeithardertomakeaprofit.D'Itwasadramaticlearningcurveandverysmallamountsofmoneywereearnedatfirst,5saysRobertson.EShedecidedthatthesolution,sincemanycompaniesrequiredworkinglunchesformeetingswithclients,wastoprepareanddelivermealstobusinesspremises.FOnhearingthis,RobertsonimmediatelycontactedalloftheirclientsandofferedtheservicesofGrapevineCaterers.GInstead,shestudiedaccountancyafterleavinguniversity,andasteadyifunspectacularprofessionalpathseemedset.《BuffetZone》,自助餐區(qū)域,在這篇文章里的意思應(yīng)該是自助餐領(lǐng)域,講的是ー個(gè)在自助餐領(lǐng)域取得了驚人成績(jī)的杰出女性創(chuàng)業(yè)的故事。這套題目不難,尤其比起第四輯的題目。文章本身有很清晰的故事發(fā)展脈絡(luò),選項(xiàng)和原文的對(duì)應(yīng)也比較明顯。文章的幾個(gè)段落是按照時(shí)間先后、故事發(fā)生的先后進(jìn)行的,很明確。第一段是總括,第二段是講的創(chuàng)業(yè)起步階段的ー些困難以及應(yīng)對(duì)困難的對(duì)策,第三段是公司好轉(zhuǎn)后的辦公室重置(relocation),第四、五段是公司的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)情況,最后一段總結(jié)。第八題,前面說(shuō)ー時(shí)沖動(dòng)她買下了這個(gè)外賣餐館(takeaway),事實(shí)上那個(gè)時(shí)候她對(duì)餐飲業(yè)ー無(wú)所知?？崭窈竺嬲f(shuō)的是這段時(shí)間很困難,但是對(duì)獲得所需要的經(jīng)驗(yàn)卻是很有必要的。所以第八題的空格部分應(yīng)該填入跟學(xué)習(xí)、積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)有關(guān)的內(nèi)容。D選型最吻合,Itwasadramaticlearningcurve,這里的learning是關(guān)鍵詞,很明顯的答案信號(hào)。還有verysmallamountsofmoneywereearnedatfirst,atfirst也是關(guān)鍵WJ〇第九題,空格前面說(shuō)!argenumbersofofficeworkerswantingtakeawayfoodfortheirlunches,大量的辦公室員エ需要外賣食品做午飯,這里的wanting是個(gè)很關(guān)鍵的詞。空格后面話鋒ー轉(zhuǎn),說(shuō)曾經(jīng)一度5公里內(nèi)有26家食品商店,但是經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)變了,一條街都空了(blocksstartedtobecomevacant)〇從上下文來(lái)分析,第九空的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該和辦公室員エ的外賣需求有關(guān),同時(shí)帶有轉(zhuǎn)折意思。C選項(xiàng)完全符合這一條件:但是這種需求是短暫的,不久,逐漸增長(zhǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)使得贏得利潤(rùn)變得更加困難。第十題,上文說(shuō)經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)轉(zhuǎn)變了,所以Robertson決定從事多樣化的經(jīng)營(yíng)。后面說(shuō)這種做法永遠(yuǎn)的改變了公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)方式。所以第十空應(yīng)該填入相應(yīng)的對(duì)策,怎么樣來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)的轉(zhuǎn)變。符合這一條件的是B和E,都是關(guān)于解決問(wèn)題的,但是B選項(xiàng)所說(shuō)的招募競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的餐廳經(jīng)理在上下文內(nèi)容中沒(méi)有提到。應(yīng)該選D,為商業(yè)大廈送飯,正好對(duì)應(yīng)下一段所說(shuō)的。第十ー題,這ー題オ應(yīng)該選B,前面說(shuō)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手給自己造成了很大的困擾。但是Robertson卻不是那么容易屈服的人。后面說(shuō)部分原因是這個(gè),營(yíng)業(yè)額翻倍了。所以中間應(yīng)該也是填入對(duì)策。和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手有關(guān)的,所以應(yīng)該選B,B的particular是個(gè)天鍵詞,rivalcompany也很明顯。第十二題,前面說(shuō)Robertson想收購(gòu)一個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,但是沒(méi)成功,結(jié)果人家公司自己破產(chǎn)倒閉了。后面來(lái)了一個(gè)manyaccepted,可以看出這中間應(yīng)該填入的是人家公司破產(chǎn)后Robertson的ー些舉措。F滿足這ー條件:ー聽(tīng)到這些,Robertson馬上聯(lián)系他們的客戶并且提供了自己公司的服務(wù)。1、buffet:amealatwhichpeopleservethemselvesfromatableandthenstandorsitsomewhereelsetoeat自助餐2、takeawaya、arestaurantthatcooksandsellsfoodthatyoutakeawayandeatsomewhereelse外賣餐館b>amealthatyoubuyatthistypeofrestaurant外賣的飯菜;外賣食物3、inretrospect:thinkingaboutapasteventorsituation,oftenwithadifferentopinionofitfromtheoneyouhadatthetime回顧4、undercapitalised:(aboutabusiness)nothavingenoughmoney(capital)tobeabletooperatenormally,paydebtsandgrow資金不足。5ヽInstead,shestudiedaccountancyafterleavinguniversity,andasteadyifunspectacularprofessionalpathseemedset.這個(gè)句子里if的用法比較少見(jiàn),參見(jiàn)朗文的解釋:usedwhenaddingonecriticismofapersonorthingthatyougenerallylikee.g:Lunchwasagrandifrathernoisyaffair.所以G選項(xiàng)的意思就是:然而,離開(kāi)大學(xué)后她學(xué)的是會(huì)計(jì),ー個(gè)平淡無(wú)奇的職業(yè)道路似乎已經(jīng)鋪就。HOWTOMARKETYOURSELFWemanageourowncareersnow.Soknowinghowtobrandandpositionyourselfinthemarketas'Meplc'atdifferentstagesofyourworkinglifeisbecominganincreasinglyvitalskill.AtleastthatiswhatimageexpertMarySpillanebelieves.'Employmentasweknowitisdecreasing.Jobsdon'texist,workexists.Inthenextdecademostofuswillbesuppliers,notstaff.Wewillhaveclientsnotbosses.Ifyouareunder30,youprobablyknowthatthereisonlyonefirmtojoinforlife:Meplc.Itpromotesyouandyourpotentialtoothers.''We'reworkinginmulti-national,multicultural,multi-corporateteamsandit'simportanttounderstandtheimplicationsofthis.Weneedtocreateapersonalbrandthatisunique,butcomplementsthebrandofthecorporationweareworkingfor.Youhavetofindawaytodoitsothatyouarenotjustatypicalemployee,'advisesSpillane.'Youhavetodecidewhatcentralvaluesyouwanttoproject,andalsowhatmayneedtoalterfromsituationtosituation.,ManypeopleonlyrememberMarySpillanefortheyearsshespentrunningacosmeticscompany,butsheactuallyhasmastersdegreesininformationscienceandpolitics.Sheusedtohidethathard-hittingside,butisnoweagertoshowitandforgetaboutcosmetics.'NowthatI'mworkingintheboardroomsofmajorplcsandglobalcompanies,I'mplayingupmydegreesandmanagementbackgroundsothattheimagesideisseenonlyasanadditiontothevalueside,'saysSpillane.Somecontractstakelongerthanothers.'TheCitylawfirmsI'mcurrentlyworkingforarereallydifficultbecausetheydon'thaveanyideaofwhattheirbrandshouldbe,andarestillverytraditionalevenwhentalkingaboutbecomingmodem.I'mshowingthemhowtodoeverythingfromchangingtheirreceptionareas-whichtendtobeveryoff-puttingwiththeirhigh-frontedreceptiondesks-tohowtomakesmalltalkthatislessformalandrigid.Companiesrebrandthemselvesallthetime,spendingmillionsonnewofficeinteriorsandsoon.Butwithoutanunderlyingchangeofattitudes,itcanproveanemptyexercise.'Shearguesthatforindividualstoo,theremustbemorethanasurfacechange,asrebrandinggoesdeeperthanamerechangeofwardrobe.Beyondadviceonappearance,shetellsclients,'Remindyourselfofwhatyouareselling:thepersonalvaluesthatcompriseyourbrand.Learntopresentyourselfinawaythatwillprojectwhatyouwanttodeliver.Lifelonglearningisessential,togetherwiththesortofdiscoveryandadventurethatpromotepersonalgrowth.Alwayshaveanup-to-the-minuteCVreadytoprintout,refreshingiteveryfewmonthswithyourmostrecentachievements,justtoremindothersofyourbrandvalue.'Shebelievesitisessentialthatyouunderstandbothyourpublicselfandyourprivateself,aswellasyourblindspotsandyourpotential,inordertocreateaneffectivebrand.Thepublicselfistheimageyouprojecttotheworld,theprivateselfiswhatyouknowaboutyourselfbutothersdon't,aridblindspotsarethosethingsthatothersseeaboutyoubutyoucan'tseeforyourself.Bydecidingwhatimageyouwantotherpeopletosee,emphasisingmoreofyourprivateselfandsortingoutafewblindspots,youwillincreasenotonlyyourpotentialtoinfluenceothers,butalsoyourself-esteemandself-confidence.,Inthefirstparagraph,MarySpillanesayspeopleshouldlearnhowtomarketthemselvesbecauseAitencouragescompaniestogivethemajobforlife.Binthefutureitwillbeacompanyrequirement.Cinmanycareersitisbecomingdifficulttosucceed.Ditwillhelpthemadapttodevelopmentsinthejobmarket.Spillanesaysthat,whencreatingapersonalbrand,itisimportanttoAchangethingsdependingonthecircumstances.Bdecidewhatimagepeoplewouldlikeyoutopresent.Cmakesurethatcolleaguesfeelateasewithyourimage.Dfollowtheexampleofsomeoneinthecompanyyouworkfor.WhatdowelearnaboutSpillaneinthethirdparagraph?ASheisembarrassedabouthercareerwithacosmeticscompany.BShedoesn'tliketalkingaboutheracademicbackground.CShehasqualificationsmanypeopleareunawareof.DSheworriesabouthowotherpeopleseeher.WhichproblemdoesSpillanerefertowhentalkingaboutthecompaniessheispresentlyworkingwith?ATheyfinditdifficulttoacceptherideas.BTheyareunawareofhowtorebrandthemselves.CTheydon'twanttospendlargeamountsofmoney.DTheyareunwillingtomodernisetheirworkenvironment.Whenadvisingpeopleonrebrandingthemselves,SpillanetellsthemtoAattendcoursestogainspecialistskills.Bupdateregularlytheirwrittenproofofwhattheycando.Ctryoutdifferentwaysofpresentingthemselvestoothers.Drememberthatwhattheylooklikeisthemostimportantpoint.Spillanesaysthat,inordertorebrandyourselfsuccessfully,itisimportanttoAaskforotherpeople'sopinionsaboutyourimage.Bfeelconfidentaboutwhatyouaretryingtoachieve.Clearnhowtomakeuseofallaspectsofyourcharacter.Dmodelyourselfonpeoplewithacertainamountofinfluence.《HowtomarketyourselO?怎樣開(kāi)發(fā)你自己。這篇文章主要是ー個(gè)專家(MarySpillane)對(duì)個(gè)人在職業(yè)生涯中的一些建議,包括怎么定位、怎樣正確認(rèn)識(shí)自己等等。很實(shí)用很中肯的一篇文章?？磥?lái)這國(guó)外的專家并不也是夸夸其談之輩啊。13題,問(wèn)第一段MarySpillane認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)開(kāi)發(fā)他們自己的原因是什么。第一段里這個(gè)專家認(rèn)為就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)在減少,job不存在了,存在的是work,在未來(lái)十年所有人都將成為オ華和能力的提供者(supplier),而不是員エ(staff)?老板將變成自己的客戶。從專家的這段話可以看出她認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)開(kāi)發(fā)自己的原因是適應(yīng)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展,也就是口答案所說(shuō)的。A在原文沒(méi)有提到,B的理解有誤,原文說(shuō)thereisonlyonefirmtojoinforlife:Meplco生活中只有一個(gè)值得加入的公司:自我公司。這句的意思還是說(shuō)人們要學(xué)會(huì)開(kāi)發(fā)自己,而不是將來(lái)有公司需要。C在原文中也沒(méi)有提到。14題,問(wèn)在創(chuàng)造個(gè)人品牌的時(shí)候,很重要的是什么。答案是第二段的最后一句:Youhavetodecidewhatcentralvaluesyouwanttoproject,andalsowhatmayneedtoalterfromsituationtosituation.你必須決定自己要建立的中心價(jià)值什么,同時(shí)還有哪些是需要隨著環(huán)境的改變而改變的。A的表述正確,根據(jù)環(huán)境來(lái)改變事情。B不對(duì),不是說(shuō)決定人們想要你呈現(xiàn)的形象,而是自己決定自己想要建立的中心價(jià)值。C、D在原文都沒(méi)有提到。15題,問(wèn)第三段可以了解到Spillane的什么事。第三段介紹說(shuō)這個(gè)女人曾經(jīng)經(jīng)營(yíng)過(guò)一家化妝品公司,但其實(shí)她還擁有信息科學(xué)和政治的碩士學(xué)位。當(dāng)在化妝品公司的時(shí)候她試圖把學(xué)歷的一面深藏不露,但是現(xiàn)在換了一家公司,她迫不及待的想將這一面給展現(xiàn)出來(lái)。從這些可以看出這個(gè)女人的思路:需要哪一面就表現(xiàn)哪一面。15題的答案是C:她擁有的素質(zhì)很多人都不知道。A不對(duì),沒(méi)有提到尷尬,B不對(duì),在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候オ會(huì)去談?wù)撟约旱膶W(xué)歷背景,D在原文也沒(méi)有提到。16題,問(wèn)Spillane指出了現(xiàn)在工作公司的什么問(wèn)題。答案是第四段的這么一句:theydonthaveanyideaofwhattheirbrandshouldbe,andarestillverytraditionalevenwhentalkingaboutbecomingmodern.對(duì)于自己的品牌應(yīng)該是怎么樣的他們沒(méi)有任何概念,同時(shí)在談到變得現(xiàn)代時(shí)依然很傳統(tǒng)。這一段是講這個(gè)公司在轉(zhuǎn)變時(shí)的ー些問(wèn)題,他們投入了巨大的財(cái)カ想重新樹(shù)立自己的品牌,但是沒(méi)有一個(gè)深層次的態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變,是很難有實(shí)效的。答案是B,不知如何重新樹(shù)立自己的品牌。A不對(duì),沒(méi)有說(shuō)不愿意接受,C不對(duì),公司投入巨大,D不對(duì),不是不愿意現(xiàn)代化,而不知道怎么現(xiàn)代化,說(shuō)要現(xiàn)代化還是顯得很傳統(tǒng)。17題,問(wèn)對(duì)于想要重新樹(shù)立自己品牌的個(gè)人,Spillane的建議是什么。答案是第五段的最后一口J：Alwayshaveanup-to-the-minuteCVreadytoprintout,refreshingiteveryfewmonthswithyourmostrecentachievements時(shí)刻要有一個(gè)準(zhǔn)備打印的最新的簡(jiǎn)歷,每隔幾個(gè)月用你最新的成績(jī)來(lái)更新一次?？偨Y(jié)起來(lái)就是B選項(xiàng)所說(shuō)的“固定更新關(guān)于自己能做什么的書面證明”。18題,問(wèn)為了能成功的重新樹(shù)立自己的個(gè)人品牌,很重要的是什么。最后一段強(qiáng)調(diào)了人應(yīng)該了解自己的兒個(gè)方面:公我(publicself)＞私我(privateself)、盲點(diǎn)和潛カ,并且分別介紹了四種方面的含義。答案是這么一句,需要提煉總結(jié):Bydecidingwhatimageyouwantotherpeopletosee,emphasisingmoreofyourprivateselfandsortingoutafewblindspots〇更多的強(qiáng)調(diào)私我,并且挑選出ー些盲點(diǎn)?？偨Y(jié)起來(lái)就是B所說(shuō)的:學(xué)會(huì)怎樣全面利用自己性格的各個(gè)方面。理解一下D選項(xiàng)ー個(gè)詞組的含義:modelyourselfon(after)somebody：totrytobelikesomeoneelsebecauseyouadmirethem這篇文章其實(shí)并不難,但是很有實(shí)用價(jià)值。某些地道的商務(wù)英語(yǔ)表述可以用在口語(yǔ)里,而更具意義的是,這篇文章里提到了一些關(guān)于個(gè)人職業(yè)的建議,很中肯,值得人參考。1、jobsdon'texist,workexists.Inthenextdecademostofuswillbesuppliers,notstaff.Wewillhaveclientsnotbosses.這是ー種比較新穎的工作觀,不應(yīng)該把自己看做是給老板打ェ的。每個(gè)人都是自己的老板,出售自己的才學(xué)和能力,老板只是自己的客戶。有了這樣的心態(tài),人在工作中就會(huì)變得積極主動(dòng)。不過(guò)有一點(diǎn),客戶的質(zhì)量一定要好好把握啊2、Youhavetodecidewhatcentralvaluesyouwanttoproject,andalsowhatmayneedtoalterfromsituationtosituation.樹(shù)立屬于自己的品牌,并且相機(jī)而動(dòng)。3、Remindyourselfofwhatyouareselling:thepersonalvaluesthatcompriseyourbrand.Learntopresentyourselfinawaythatwillprojectwhatyouwanttodeliver.ー個(gè)企業(yè)要想立足商界需要核心價(jià)值,同樣的,ー個(gè)人要立足社會(huì)也需要核心價(jià)值。關(guān)鍵在于你如何定位自己。找準(zhǔn)了定位,就不會(huì)迷失方向。PlanningInanyplanningsystem,fromthesimplestbudgetingtothemostcomplexcorporateplanning,thereisanannualprocess.Thisispartlyduetothefactthatfirms(19) theiraccountingonayearly(20) ,butalsobecausesimilar(21) oftenoccurinthemarket.Usually,thelargerthefirm,thelongertheplanningtakes.Buttypically,planningfornextyearmaystartninemonthsormoreinadvance,withvariousstagesofevaluationleadingto(22) ofthecompleteplanthreemonthsbeforethestartoftheyear.Planningcontinues,however,throughouttheyear,sincemanagers(23) progressagainsttargets,whilelookingforwardtothenextyear.Whatishappeningnowwill(24) theobjectivesandplansforthefuture.Intoday'sbusinessclimate,asmarketsconstantlychangeandbecomemoredifficultto(25) ,someanalystsbelievethatlong-termplanningispointless.Insomemarketstheymayberight,aslongascompaniescanbuildthesortofflexibilityintotheirwhichallowsthemtotoanysuddenchanges.Mostfirms,however,needtoplanmorethanoneyearaheadinorderto(28) theirlong-termgoals.Thismayreflectthetimeittakestocommissionandbuildanewproductionplant,or,inmarketing(29) ,itmaybeaquestionofhowlongittakestoresearchandlauncharangeofnewproducts,andreachacertain(30) inthemarket.If,forexample,itisgoingtotakefiveyearsforaparticularairlinetobecomethe(31) choiceamongstbusinesstravellersoncertainroutes,theairlinemustplanforthevarious(32) involved.Everyone-yearplan,therefore,mustbe(33) inrelationtolonger-termplans,anditshouldcontaindiestagesthatarenecessarytoachievethefinalgoals.AmakeupBcarryoutCbringaboutDputdownAbasisBgroundsCfoundationDstructureAdistributionsBguidesCdesignsDpatternsAapprovalBpermissionCconsentDdecisionAvalueBinspectCreviewDsurveyAcommandBpromptCinfluenceDpersuadeAguessBspeculateCreckonDpredictAoperationsBtechniquesCmeasuresDexercisesAanswerBrespondCcounterDreplyAmoveBleadCdevelopDbenefitAexpressionsBdescriptionsCwordsDtermsAreputationBpositionCsituationDinfluenceAdesiredBselectedCpreferredDsupposedAactsBstepsCmeansDpointsAhandedoverBdrawnupCmadeoutDwrittenoff這篇文章是關(guān)于公司計(jì)劃的(planning),做計(jì)劃時(shí)的過(guò)程和需要考慮的ー些因素。全文的第一句話說(shuō)公司做的決定是一個(gè)年度過(guò)程(annualprocess)〇接下來(lái)談到原因。19題,make叩是組成、捏造、化妝的意思,用在這里和accounting搭酉己不上;carryout是手(行(todosomethingthatneedstobeorganizedandplanned)；bringabout是帶來(lái),使發(fā)生(tomakesomethinghappen)；putdown放下,鎮(zhèn)壓。從意思上看,丿￡該選B,carryout〇事實(shí)上,carryoutaccountingon….上asis是金融英語(yǔ)里專業(yè)且地道的說(shuō)法。最常見(jiàn)的ー種是carryoutaccountingontheaccrualbasis執(zhí)行權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制。相應(yīng)的,20題選basis,公司時(shí)在一年的基礎(chǔ)上執(zhí)行會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則的。21題,這里需要理解上下文的含義。這一整句話仍然是在說(shuō)明公司進(jìn)行planning的原因。正是因?yàn)橄嗨频哪Ｊ綍?huì)在市場(chǎng)上出現(xiàn),所以公司オ需要進(jìn)行計(jì)劃。選patterns是最符合原義的。22題,很明顯,這里填入的詞是表示批準(zhǔn)、通過(guò)之類的,是指年前三個(gè)月完整的計(jì)劃就會(huì)被通過(guò)。從中文意思上看,A、B、C三個(gè)詞都是符合的。具體看英文解釋對(duì)幾個(gè)詞的用法進(jìn)行區(qū)分。approval：whenaplan,decision,orpersonisofficiallyaccepted批準(zhǔn),正式的eg:Thepresidenthasalreadygivenhisapprovaltotheplan.permission：whensomeoneisofficiallyallowedtodosomething允許,也是正式的eg:Youmustaskpermissionbeforetakinganyphotographsinsidethechurch.consent：permissiontodosomething不那么正式的允許eg:Hetookthecarwithouttheowner'sconsent.這ー題是講的計(jì)劃被批準(zhǔn)或者通過(guò),所以用approval。23題,這里的前后文的意思是計(jì)劃貫穿全年始終,所以經(jīng)理們需要回顧過(guò)去,展望未來(lái)。后面的lookingforwardto是個(gè)答案信號(hào),相對(duì)應(yīng)的前面應(yīng)該選review,根據(jù)目標(biāo)回顧過(guò)程。24題比較簡(jiǎn)單,理解了句子含義不難做出選擇?，F(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事情將會(huì)影響未來(lái)的目標(biāo)和計(jì)劃。選influence。25題,從這個(gè)句子來(lái)看,填入的詞是應(yīng)該可以直接和market搭配的。Predictthemarket是商英里地道常見(jiàn)的用法,市場(chǎng)預(yù)測(cè)。26題,往他們的操作中增加一點(diǎn)靈活性,這樣可以對(duì)突然發(fā)生的變化做出反應(yīng)。Operation:theworkoractivitiesdonebyabusinessororganization,ortheprocessofdoingthiswork.27題,respondto對(duì)…..做出反應(yīng)。28題,為了開(kāi)發(fā)公司的長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo),需要一年以上的時(shí)間來(lái)計(jì)劃。從意思和用法上,只能選擇develop〇29題,inmarketterms用市場(chǎng)術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)。固定用法。30題,positioninthemarket,市場(chǎng)上的地位。前面已經(jīng)暗示了這里要用市場(chǎng)術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)表述,positioninthemarket就是固定表達(dá)（positioningisthatexclusivespaceyourbrandownsinthemarketplace.It'srelevantandcompellingtoyourcustomers,anddifferentfromyourcompetitors.)31題,只需要理解preferred的意思:首選的32題,想讓這個(gè)航空公司成為特定路線上商務(wù)旅客的首選,必須先計(jì)劃好相關(guān)的步驟。按步驟來(lái)擬定計(jì)劃,最后才能成功,所以選step。33題,需要理解四個(gè)詞組的含義。handover:togivesomethingtosomeonewithyourhand,especiallybecausetheyhaveaskedforitorshouldhaveit.交出drawup:toprepareawrittendocument,suchasalistorcontract起草(drawupplans/proposal)e.g:Hewasaskedtodrawupproposalsforreformingthelawmakeout:tobejustabletoseeorhearsomething看見(jiàn)或聽(tīng)見(jiàn)tounderstandsomething,especiallythereasonwhysomethinghashappened理解writeoff:towritealettertoacompanyororganizationaskingthemtosendyougoodsorinformation寫信寄出todecidethatsomeoneorsomethingisuseless,unimportant,orafailure注銷toofficiallysaythatadebtnolongerhastobepaid,orofficiallyacceptthatyoucannotgetbackmoneyyouhavespentorlost勾銷Sometimesitisnecessarytoinsistonfurtherexplanation.Youshouldn'tfocusonyourresponsewhileothersarestillspeaking.Peoplearereluctanttoadmitthattheydon'tlistenwell.Therearebenefitsinseeingthingsfromthespeaker'sperspective.Keenobservationofthespeakercansupportourlisteningskills.Itisriskytothinkaboutadifferentissuewhilesomeoneisspeaking.Peopledonotmindhearingtheirownviewssummarised.Goodlistener,bettermanagerAToooftenweaccuseothersofnotlistening,pretendingthatweourselvesarefaultless,yetinourheartsweknowthatmanyofthemistakeswemakecomeaboutbecausewehaven'tlistenedcarefullyenough.Wegetthingswrongbecausewehaven'tquiteunderstoodwhatsomeonemeantwhentheyweretalkingtous.Anyonewhohasevertakentheminutesofalongmeetingwillknowhowharditistoremember-despitethebenefitofnotes-exactlywhateveryonesaid.Butsuccessdependsongettingthingsright-andthatmeanslistening.BListeningisnotthesamethingashearing;itisnotaneffortlessactivity.Itdemandsattentionandconcentration.Itmaymeanquizzingthespeakerforadditionalinformationorforclarification-itisalwaysbettertoaskthantocontinueregardlessandgetthingswrong.However,ifyouallowyourmindtowanderontosomethingelse,evenforafewminutes,you'llmisswhatthespeakerissaying-probablyattheverymomentwhenheorsheissayingsomethingcritical.Andnothavingheard,youwon'tknowyou'vemissedanythinguntilit'stoolate.CThemostcommonbadhabitwehaveistostartthinkingofwhatwearegoingtosayaboutthesubjectlongbeforetheotherspeakerhasfinished.Wethenstoplistening.Evenworse,thisoftenaddsrudenesstoinattentiveness,asonceyouhavedecidedwhattosaythereisafairchanceyouwillinterrupttosayit.Goodlistenersdon'tinterrupt.Infactitisoftenworthexplainingthemainideaofwhatyouhavejustbeentoldbeforegoingontomakeyourownpoints.Nobodyisoffendedbythisanditshowsthatyouhavelistenedwell.DAboveallbepatientandacceptthatmanypeoplearenotverygoodcommunicators.It'shelpfultorememberthatthewayspeoplemoveandpositionthemselveswhiletheyarespeakingcanrevealagreatdealaboutwhattheyaresaying.Equallyimportantlyyoushouldputyourselfintheotherperson'splace,bothintellectuallyandemotionally;itwillhelpyoutounderstandwhattheyaregettingatandformaresponse.Butdon'tbetooclever.Facedwithaknow-all,manypeoplekeepquietbecausetheyseenopointincontinuing.這篇文章講的是傾聽(tīng)(listening)的重要性。ー個(gè)好的管理者必然是ー個(gè)好的傾聽(tīng)者,所以要講究?jī)A聽(tīng)的藝術(shù)。第一題,有時(shí)堅(jiān)持進(jìn)ー步的解釋是很有必要的。答案是B段的這么一句:Itmaymeanquizzingthespeakerforadditionalinformationorforclarification-itisalwaysbettertoaskthantocontinueregardlessandgetthingswrong它可能意味有"為了進(jìn)ー步的信息和說(shuō)明去詢問(wèn)說(shuō)話的人——問(wèn)總比不顧情況的繼續(xù)并且把事情辦錯(cuò)的好。這里的additionalinformation對(duì)應(yīng)于furtherexplanation.第二題,不能在別人還在說(shuō)的時(shí)候就開(kāi)始關(guān)注自己的回應(yīng)。答案是C段的第一句:Themostcommonbadhabitwehaveistostartthinkingofwhatwearegoingtosayaboutthesubjectlongbeforetheotherspeakerhasfinished〇我們最常見(jiàn)的壞習(xí)慣就是在講話者遠(yuǎn)還沒(méi)結(jié)束的時(shí)候就開(kāi)始思考我們將對(duì)這個(gè)話題說(shuō)些什么。這里的beforetheotherspeakerhasfinished就是othersarestillspeaking,focusonyourresponse就是startthinkingofwhatwearegoingtosayaboutthesubject〇第三題,人們不愿意承認(rèn)自己沒(méi)有聽(tīng)好。答案是A段的第一句:Toooftenweaccuseothersofnotlistening,pretendingthatweourselvesarefaultless,yetinourheartsweknowthatmanyofthemistakeswemakecomeaboutbecausewehaven'tlistenedcarefullyenough〇我們經(jīng)常扌旨責(zé)另リ人沒(méi)有好好聽(tīng),假裝我們自己是無(wú)可指責(zé)的,其實(shí)在我們心里知道,很多我們所犯的錯(cuò)誤都是由于聽(tīng)的不夠仔細(xì)。這句的意思就是說(shuō)我們心里知道什么原因,但是口頭上喜歡指責(zé)別人。也就是第三題題干說(shuō)的不愿意承認(rèn)。第四題,從說(shuō)話者的視角去考慮問(wèn)題是有好處的。答案是D段的這么一句:Equallyimportantlyyoushouldputyourselfintheotherperson'splace,bothintellectuallyandemotionally〇同樣重要的是你必須把自己置于別人的位置上,既是智力上的也是情感上的。這里的putyourselfinotherperson'splace就是seeingthingsfromthespeaker'sperspective〇第五題,對(duì)說(shuō)話者的敏銳觀察可以提高傾聽(tīng)技巧。答案是D段的這么一句:It'shelpfultorememberthatthewayspeoplemoveandpositionthemselveswhiletheyarespeakingcanrevealagreatdealaboutwhattheyaresaying〇記住說(shuō)話人的移動(dòng)方式和姿勢(shì)是很有用的,這些可以揭示出很多他們所說(shuō)話的信息。連說(shuō)話的姿勢(shì)都要記住,當(dāng)然是keenobservation了,helpful可以對(duì)應(yīng)于support〇第六題,當(dāng)別人在說(shuō)話的時(shí)候去想著另外一件事是很危險(xiǎn)的。答案是B段的這么一句:ifyouallowyourmindtowanderontosomethingelse,evenforafewminutes,you'llmisswhatthespeakerissaying如果你讓自己走神了,哪怕是僅有的幾分鐘,你也將錯(cuò)過(guò)別人所說(shuō)的話。allowyourmindwanderontosom