《跨文化交際》教學(xué)大綱考試說明樣題及參考

《跨文化社交》講課綱領(lǐng)、考試說明、樣題及參照答案《跨文化社交》講課綱領(lǐng)指導(dǎo)老師:合用班級(jí):09春/秋英語(本科)單元簡(jiǎn)述第一單元語言、文化與社交內(nèi)容:介紹語言、文化和社交之間的關(guān)系，跨文化溝通模式，溝通中的各樣意義等。講課目標(biāo):幫助學(xué)員認(rèn)識(shí)到語言和文化是不可以分的，對(duì)語言的充分理解需要文化意識(shí)。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):經(jīng)過各樣練習(xí)認(rèn)識(shí)決定社交質(zhì)量的基本因素，認(rèn)識(shí)社交兩方在社交過程中的交互作用，掌握社交場(chǎng)合的定義、程式和價(jià)值觀等。第二單元文化沖擊內(nèi)容:介紹不一樣樣文化背景的人接觸時(shí)經(jīng)常感覺的各樣“文化驚詫”現(xiàn)象。講課目的:經(jīng)過對(duì)各樣“文化驚詫”現(xiàn)象的分析培育學(xué)員的文化意識(shí)。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):經(jīng)過練習(xí)認(rèn)識(shí)到英漢在好客、謙虛、隱私、禮貌等方面的文化差別，進(jìn)一步意會(huì)不一樣樣的文化價(jià)值觀對(duì)社交行為的影響，初步學(xué)會(huì)如何適應(yīng)一個(gè)新的文化環(huán)境。第三單元姓名里的文化內(nèi)容:姓名、稱號(hào)語和家屬語中的文化內(nèi)涵。講課目標(biāo):經(jīng)過對(duì)姓名、稱號(hào)語和家屬語中的文化內(nèi)涵的分析，使學(xué)員更為清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到英漢在這方面的文化差別。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):經(jīng)過各樣練習(xí)學(xué)會(huì)正確使用姓名、稱號(hào)語和家屬語。第四單元人際間的交互作用內(nèi)容:介紹在辦理平時(shí)生活雜事過程中人際間的交互作用。講課目標(biāo):培育學(xué)員對(duì)人們?cè)谵k理平時(shí)生活雜事過程中不一樣樣行為模式的認(rèn)識(shí)。1學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):經(jīng)過練習(xí)學(xué)會(huì)辦理邀請(qǐng)、約會(huì)、付帳、饋送、懇求、奉承、款待等行為中的文化差別，認(rèn)識(shí)此中的一些不可以文規(guī)則，更清楚地意識(shí)到自己的行為是如何受本族文化影響的。第五單元角色和關(guān)系內(nèi)容:介紹社會(huì)角色，如男和女、父親母親和孩子、朋友、社會(huì)身份等中的文化內(nèi)涵。講課目標(biāo):幫助學(xué)員分析社會(huì)角色和關(guān)系在不一樣樣文化中的希望值。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):意識(shí)到不一樣樣角色的不一樣樣希望值;意識(shí)到不一樣樣角色的不一樣樣責(zé)任;做到同其余文化背景的人交往時(shí)可以調(diào)整自己的希望值。第六單元體態(tài)語溝通內(nèi)容:介紹體態(tài)語在跨文化社交中的重要作用。講課目標(biāo):使學(xué)員熟習(xí)不一樣樣種類的體態(tài)語以及不一樣樣文化對(duì)體態(tài)語的不一樣樣解說。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):經(jīng)過練習(xí)可以描繪體態(tài)語的不一樣樣意義;意識(shí)到成功的跨文化社交不只需要知道如何用語言表達(dá)，并且要知道陪伴合適的體態(tài)語，在溝通中存心識(shí)地注意臉部表情、眼光接觸、手勢(shì)和身體地點(diǎn)、身體距離等。第七單元換句話說內(nèi)容:介紹習(xí)語、諺語、俚語、委宛語、禁忌語等文化內(nèi)涵。講課目標(biāo):使學(xué)員對(duì)常用習(xí)語、諺語、俚語、委宛語、禁忌語中的文化內(nèi)涵及英漢差別有較清楚的認(rèn)識(shí)。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):經(jīng)過練習(xí)可以理解常用習(xí)語、諺語、俚語、委宛語、禁忌語等。第八單元從部落到“地球村”內(nèi)容:介紹科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展對(duì)人類溝通產(chǎn)生的巨大影響，跨文化社交已經(jīng)令人類超越地界、國界和時(shí)空。講課目標(biāo):幫助學(xué)員回首科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展對(duì)人類溝通產(chǎn)生的巨大影響，認(rèn)識(shí)到跨文化社交在此刻社會(huì)中的重要作用。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):經(jīng)過練習(xí)使學(xué)員學(xué)會(huì)使用現(xiàn)代通信常用術(shù)語，如無線通信、衛(wèi)星電視地球村”生活的一些基本策略。通信、電話通信、電子通信等;認(rèn)識(shí)在“《跨文化社交》核查說明2《跨文化社交》是本科開放教育英語專業(yè)的必修課程之一。本課程的目的是使學(xué)生熟習(xí)英語國家文化，掌握跨文化社交的基本知識(shí)和技巧。課程的要點(diǎn)是培育學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語進(jìn)行跨文化社交的能力。核查方式包含形成性核查和課程終結(jié)性考試。課程終結(jié)性考試以察看讀寫技術(shù)為主，包含課程中介紹的跨文化社交的相關(guān)知識(shí)，其余包含口試。一、察看對(duì)象中央廣播電視大學(xué)本科開放教育英語專業(yè)學(xué)生。二、核查方式本課程的核查采納兩種形式:形成性核查和課程終結(jié)性考試。課程總成績(jī)?yōu)榘俜种?，形成性核查占課程總成績(jī)的20%，課程終結(jié)性考試占課程總成績(jī)的80%。1(形成性核查:滿分100分，占課程總成績(jī)的20%。形成性核查是對(duì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)過程和階段性學(xué)習(xí)見效的綜合討論，包含學(xué)生參加各項(xiàng)講課活動(dòng)和自主學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)的狀況以及階段性的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)展?fàn)顩r。本課程的形成性核查內(nèi)容和方式嚴(yán)格依據(jù)《形成性考核冊(cè)》的要求履行。2(課程終結(jié)性考試:包含口試和筆試兩部分，滿分分別為100分?？谠囌颊n程總成績(jī)的15,;筆試占課程總成績(jī)的65,?？谠嚭凸P試都由中央電大一致命題，在同一時(shí)間全國統(tǒng)考。筆試的考試時(shí)間為90分鐘。三、命題依據(jù)本課程終結(jié)性考試的命題依據(jù)是中央廣播電視大學(xué)本科開放教育英語專業(yè)講課計(jì)劃、課程講課綱領(lǐng)以及“高級(jí)英語自學(xué)系列教程”中的《跨文化社交》教材。四、討論目標(biāo)本課程終結(jié)性考試要點(diǎn)察看學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語進(jìn)行跨文化社交的能力。學(xué)生應(yīng)可以掌握適應(yīng)不一樣樣場(chǎng)合和社交目的的口頭和書面社交的技術(shù)，可以介紹我國國情和文化，討論相關(guān)社交的問題。可以在閱讀時(shí)獲得整體社交信息或掌握主要內(nèi)容及一些細(xì)節(jié)。五、命題原則依據(jù)教材所涵蓋的相關(guān)話題及社交功能進(jìn)行命題，波及教材的內(nèi)容好多于50%。六、試題構(gòu)造筆試部分:口試部分:3學(xué)生兩人一組，進(jìn)行問答對(duì)話?？偤铣?套口試題簽，每一個(gè)題簽上有兩個(gè)話題，話題與教材的內(nèi)容相關(guān)?？荚嚂r(shí),第一學(xué)生兩人一組進(jìn)行抽簽，此后依據(jù)A,B兩個(gè)角色準(zhǔn)備對(duì)話，準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間為10分鐘。接著開始口試，兩個(gè)話題各進(jìn)行5分鐘，口試時(shí)間總合為10分鐘。評(píng)分方法:為了可以比較客觀地反應(yīng)考生的口語表現(xiàn)，建議口試的評(píng)分人由2-3位教師構(gòu)成?？忌目谠嚦煽?jī)可為評(píng)分人所給分?jǐn)?shù)的均勻值。七、考試要求本課程終結(jié)性考試筆試部分為閉卷考試，考生不得攜帶任何形式的參照資料和電子讀物或工具。八、樣題《跨文化社交》終結(jié)考試一試卷(樣題)Part1.Questions1-5arebasedonthispart.(10points)Youaregoingtolistentoapaneldiscussionbetweentwopeopleonanimalbehavior.ChoosethebestanswerfromA,B,CandDforeachquestion.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.MadamChairstatesthatchimpanzee'saltruism__________.A.issimilartothatofbeesB.maycontainanelementofself-interestC.ispartofagroupfeedingsystemD.isnotamutual-aidsystemWorkerbeesworkhardlookingforfoodfor2or3weeks,__________.A.andthendie,leavingnooffspringB.andthenfeedtheiroffspringC.butdiebeforefeedingtheiroffspringD.andthenproducetheiroffspringChimpanzeeswhodon'tdotheirshareofgroomingare__________bythegroup.A.criticizedacceptedexchangedrejectedMalelionswillcooperateingroupscomprising__________.A.brothersB.brothersandsistersC.brothersandsistersanddaughtersD.brothersandsistersanddaughtersandauntsWhichofthefollowinganimalsarebeingdiscussedintheconversation?A.bees,dogs,andlionsB.bees,chimpanzees,andfishC.bees,chimpanzees,andlions.D.chimpanzees,lions,anddogsPart2.Questions6-15arebasedonthispart.(10points)Youaregoingtolistentopartofalecture.Asyoulisten,fillintheblankswithwordsfromthelecturetocompletethesentencesthatsummarizethemainpointsofthelecture.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.Note:EachblankrequiresonlyONEword.Peoplecommunicatewithoneanotherallthetime.Cultureisregardedatthe__6___ofcommunicationchallengesanditinfluenceshowpeople__7___problemsandparticipateingroupsandin___8___.Onedefinitionofculturegiveninthelectureisthat"Culturereferstoagroupwithwhichwesharecommonexperiencesthat__9___howweunderstandtheworld."Inthecomplexworld,cultureisoneofthefactorsthatactuponpeople.AnthropologistsKevenAvruchandPeterBlackexplainedthat"cultureprovidesthelensthroughwhichweviewtheworld;the__10___bywhichweorderit;the_11___bywhichtheworldmakessense."Sincepeoplecomingfromdifferentculturalgroupsneedtoworktogether,culturalvaluessometimes__12___andmisunderstandingarises.Thespeakermentionedsixpatternsofculturaldifferenceswhichinclude:differentcommunicationstyles,attitudestowardconflict,approachesto___13____tasks,decisionmakingstyles,attitudestoward__14___,andapproachestoknowing.Whentalkingaboutcommunicationstyle,thespeakerintroducedtwoaspects:verbalandnon-verbalcommunication.Non-verbalcommunicationincludesfacialexpressions,__15___,seatingarrangements,personaldistance,andsenseoftime.ThisistheendoftheListeningTest.SectionIICommunicativeCompetences]Questions16-30:ChoosethebestanswerfromA,B,CandD.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.516.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofcollectivism?__________A.Collectivistculturesaredescribedas"I"cultures.B.Membersofcollectivistculturesvalueopendiscussionofdisagreement.C.Uniformityandconformityarestressedincollectivistcultures.D.Collectiviststendtodrawattentiontothemselvesandexpressuniqueopinions.17.JustnowIsuddenlyrealizedthatIwastotallytoblame.I'lljusthavetofacethemusic.Theunderlinedpartheremeans__________.A.togotoaconcertandforgetanythingelsebyenjoyingthemusicB.torelaxoneselfbylisteningtothemusicaloneC.toacceptresponsibilityforamistakeD.togotoseethepersonwhoisinchargeandaskwhathasgonewrong18.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?__________A.Individualismcanbetracedtothephilosophyofliberalism.B.Thebasicsocialunitincollectivistculturesistheautonomousself.C.EasterncollectivismistiedtoConfucianism.D.Cultureshockmayoccurattheindividualist-collectivistdivide,butthegapcanbebridged.Bobisgreat!Healwaysplaysthegame.Theunderlinedparthasthesamemeaningas__________.A.takessomethingasagamewithoutcaringtoomuchB.playsvariousgamesC.helpsotherswhenplayinggamesD.behavesinafairandhonorablewayWhichofthefollowingfirstnamesisshortenedas"Bob"?__________A.RobertB.WilliamC.AlexanderD.PeterWhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEoftherootsofEnglishnames?__________A."Forester"camefrompersonalcharacteristics.B."Young"camefromoccupations.C."O'Patrick"camefromfamilyrelationships.D."Butler"camefromplaces.IfyoureceivedanEnglishinvitationtoaformalwesternbanquetbutcouldnotattendit,whatwouldbeanappropriateaction?__________A.Askafriendtoattendthebanquetforyou.B.Askacolleaguetophonearefusal.6C.Accepttheinvitationbutthennotattend.D.Writeareplyinformingthehost/hostessthatyoucouldnotattendthebanquet.23.YourAmericancolleaguehasjusthadherhairdyedgreen.Sheisexpectingyourcomment.Whatwouldyousayappropriately?__________A."Yourhairisasgreenastreeleaves."B."Itlooksgood."C."It'stoogreen.Idon'tlikethecolor."D."Itlooksmuchbetter."24.YourclassmatefromBritainwouldliketoborrowyourcomputerthisweekend.Unfortunately,youneedtouseitatthesametime.Howwouldyourefusetherequestpolitely?__________A."Well,whydon'tyouborrowonefromsomeoneelse?"B."Sorry,Icannotlendittoyou."C."Yes,butyouneedtogiveitbacktomeassoonaspossible."D."I'dloveto,butI'mafraidI'vegotalotofthingstotypeupaswell."25.Tryingtoexplainrockmusictoyourgrandfatherisjustlikeduiniutanqin(對(duì)牛撫琴)-playingviolintoabull.ThecorrespondingEnglishexpressionis__________.A.castingpearlsbeforeswineB.castingdiamondstoadogC.throwingpearlstoapigD.throwingdiamondstoagoatWhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofnon-verbalcommunication?__________A.Non-verbalcommunicationservesavarietyofpurposes.B.Non-verbalcommunicationislessimportantthanverbalcommunication.C.Sincenon-verbalcommunicationishardtointerpret,itisimportanttoreduceittotheminimumincross-culturalcommunication.D.Non-verbalcommunicationisnoteffectivewithoutverbalcommunication.27.Theidiom"bytheskinofone'steeth"means__________.A.verythinB.hardandflexibleC.onlyjustD.one'ssenseofrightandwrongWhatdoestheringgesture(youforman"O"byholdingthetipofyourforefingertothetipofyourthumb)meaninBritain?__________A.Somethingisexpensive.B.Somethingisgood.C.Somethingisworthless.D.Iwillkillyou.729.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?__________A.Proxemicsisthestudygoverninghowcloselyonepersonstandstoanother.B.Allculturesdrawlinesbetweenappropriateandinappropriatesocialdistancefordifferentrelationships.C.Socialdistancehasawiderrangethanpublicdistance.D.Theappropriatenessofphysicalcontactvariesbetweencultures.Ifsomeoneissaidtobe"economicalwiththetruth",he/she__________A.hassavedalotofmoneyB.doesnottellthewholetruthC.usesveryfewwordsD.hasrecentlydiedSectionIIIReadingComprehension[30points]Part1.Questions31-35arebasedonPassage1.(10points)Passage1Ahandshakewillbeanacceptablegreetingaroundtheworld.However,thestrength,length,anddurationofahandshakewillvarybyculture.Ofcourse,Japanesewillstillbowtoeachotheranditisadvisableforforeignvisitorstobowslightlywhenshakinghands.MexicanswhoknoweachotherwillhugandEastEuropeansmaykiss.InmanyEuropeancountriesitiscommontoshakehandswitheveryoneintheroombeforeandaftereachbusinessmeeting.Businesscardexchangesareanimportantpartofanyinternationalbusinessmeeting.Variationsincludewheretokeepyourcards,whichlanguagesthecardshouldbein,andwhattodowiththebusinesscardonceyouhavereceivedit.Oneruletofollow:Alwaysbringfivetimesmorecardsthanyouthinkyouwillneed.Toexplorethenuancesofbusinesscardexchange,wewillexaminetheexchangeascarriedoutbyanAmericaninJapan.First,thecardsshouldbeinEnglishononesideandJapaneseontheother.TheJapanesesideshouldhavealogoorothermarker.Itisimportantthatthecompanyandtitlebeprominentlypositioned.Thecardsshouldbekeptinacardholderinthevestorjacket.Neverkeepthecardsinawalletorapocketbook.Thepresentationofthecardisdoneatthebeginningofthemeeting.Cardsarepresentedwiththegiver'sname(Japaneseside)facingtherecipient.Thecardcanbedeliveredbyoneorpreferablytwohandsaccompaniedbyaslightbow.Onreceiptofacard,itshouldbestudiedcarefullytodeterminethestatusoftheperson.Sincemeetingsusuallyinvolvemorethanoneperson,eachcardreceivedshouldbeplacedonthetable,likeanopendeckofcards,infrontoftherecipientsothattheexecutivecantellwhoheorsheisspeakingwith.Therecipientshouldavoidshufflingthecards,placingtheminone'swallet,orwritingontheminthepresenceofthegiver.Thebusinesscardisthe8symbolicembodimentoftheorganization;thereforeitshouldbetreatedwiththeutmostrespect.Asageneralrule,usepeople'stitlesoninternationalbusinessassignments.Learntheappropriatetitlesforeachcountry.PeoplewithPh.D.sshouldalwaysbereferredtoas'Doctor'.Inmanycountries,peoplewillbereferredtobytheirtitlesonly.Forexample,"ChiefEngineer,canyoutellushowthisoperationworks?"Theuseoffirstnamesinbusinessalsovariesbycountryandage.Bealerttothesedifferences.Questions31-35:Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue,false,ornotmentionedaccordingtothepassage.WriteTfor"true",Ffor"false",andNMfor"notmentioned"ontheAnswerSheet._______31.Generallyspeaking,inEuropeyoushouldshakehandswitheverybodyatthebeginningandtheendofameeting._______32.Youshouldalwaystakeatleastfivemorebusinesscardsthanyouexpecttoneedonyourbusinesstrips._______33.InJapan,theperson'sstatusshouldbeclearlygivenonthecard._______34.ItisacceptableforanAmericantonotesomethingdownonaJapanesebusinesscardtoremindhimofthepersonwhogaveittohim._______35.TheJapanesebusinesscardismorethanjustareminderofwhothepersonis.Italsorepresentsthecompanyheworksfor.Part2.Questions36-40arebasedonPassage2.(10points)Passage2Inanefforttogetovercultureshock,thereisvalueinknowingsomethingaboutthenatureofcultureanditsrelationshiptotheindividual.Inadditiontolivinginaphysicalenvironment,anindividuallivesinaculturalenvironmentconsistingofmanmadephysicalobjects,socialinstitutions,ideasandbeliefs.Anindividualisnotbornwithculturebutonlywiththecapacitytolearnitanduseit.ThereisnothinginanewbornchildwhichdictatesthatitshouldeventuallyspeakPortuguese,English,orFrench,northatitshouldeatwithaforkinitslefthandratherthanintheright,orusechopsticks.Allthesethingsthechildhastolearn.Noraretheparentsresponsiblefortheculturewhichtheytransmittotheiryoung.Thecultureofanypeopleistheproductofhistoryandisbuiltupovertimelargelythroughprocesseswhichare,asfarastheindividualisconcerned,beyondhis/herawareness.Itisbymeansofculturethattheyounglearntoadaptthemselvestothephysicalenvironmentandtothepeoplewithwhomtheyassociate.Asweknow,childrenandadolescentsoftenexperiencedifficultiesinthisprocessof9learningandadjustment.Butoncelearned,culturebecomesawayoflife,thesure,familiar,largelyautomaticwayofgettingwhatyouwantfromyourenvironmentandassuchitalsobecomesavalue.Peoplehaveawayofacceptingtheircultureasboththebestandtheonlywayofdoingthings.Thisisperfectlynormalandunderstandable.Tothisattitudewegivethenameethnocentrism,abeliefthatnotonlytheculturebuttheraceandnationformthecenteroftheworld.Individualsidentifythemselveswiththeirowngroupanditswaystotheextentthatanycriticalcommentistakenasanaffronttotheindividualaswellastothegroup.Ifyoucriticizemycountry,youarecriticizingme.Ifyoucriticizeme,youarecriticizingmycountry.Alongwiththisattitudegoesthetendencytoattributeallindividualpeculiaritiesasnationalcharacteristics.Forinstance,ifanAmericandoessomethingoddorantisocialinaforeigncountrywhichbackhomewouldbeconsideredapurelyindividualact,itisnowconsideredanationaltrait.Insteadofbeingcensuredasanindividual,hiscountryiscensured.Itisbesttorecognizethatethnocentrismisacharacteristicofnationalgroups.Ifapersoncriticizessomeaspectofone'sownculture,oneshouldlistenbutnotenterintocriticisms.Questions36-40:ChoosethebestanswerfromA,B,CandD.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.36.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingchoicesisNOTmentionedasanelementinaculturalenvironment?A.socialinstitutionsbeliefshistoryphysicalobjects37.Whatisthewriter'sstandaboutculture?A.Parentsareresponsiblefortransmittingculturetotheirchildren.B.Childrenarebornwithculture.C.Cultureneedstobetaughttoyoungpeople.D.Culturebuildsupovertimeandguidesyoungpeopletoadjusttoenvironment.38.Accordingtothepassage,whatisNOTsuggestedbythewriterasasymptomofethnocentrism?10A.Regardingculturescontainingsimilarvaluesasthebestcultures.B.Regardinghomecultureissuperiortoothercultures.C.Identifyingoneselfwiththegrouponecomesfrom.D.Assumingotherculturesdothingslikewise.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardsethnocentrisminthearticle?A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.indifferentWhatdoestheword"censure"meaninthearticle?praisecriticizeevaluatejudgePart3.Questions41-45arebasedonPassage3.(10points)Passage3TheChinesemakeacleardistinctionbetweeninsidersandoutsiders,andthisdistinctionexistsonalllevelsofinterpersonalinteraction.Insidersconsistofpeoplefromtwocategories:automaticandselected.Automaticinsidersincludeone'sparents,siblings,relatives,colleagues,andclassmates,whereasselectedonesarespecialrelationsthatonehasdevelopedovertimeatworkorelsewhere.Forexample,apersonisconsideredaninsideratworkafterheorshehasdevelopedaspecialrelationshipbyhelpingothersandsharinginformationwithothers.Thefivecommoncriteriaofaninsiderarenice,trustworthy,caring,helpful,andempathetic.ThedistinctionbetweenaninsiderandanoutsiderprovidesspecificrulesofinteractioninChineseinterpersonalrelationships.Insidersoftenaretreateddifferentlyfromoutsiders,andapersonwithinsiderstatusoftenenjoysprivilegesandspecialtreatmentbeyondanoutsider'scomprehension.Toillustrate,aChinesepersonmaygobeyondhisorhermeanstohelpaninsider,butanoutsiderhastofollowtherules.Theinsider-outsiderdistinctionalsoinvolvesmoralimplications.IntheChineseculture,moraljudgmentsarenotonlycognitivelybutaffectivelybased.Moralstandstendtovaryfromonerelationshiptoanother.Family-centered"insider"relationshipshavetwoimportantimplicationsforrelationshipdevelopmentwithstrangers.First,asKingandBondargue,theimportanceoffamilyandthesenseofdependencybuiltupintheChinesefamilysystemmakeitdifficulttodeveloppersonalrelationshipswithstrangers.IntheChineseculture,thetransformationfromawairen(outsider)toazijiren(insider)11involvesanarduousandtime-consumingprocess,becausepersonalrelationshipsoftentakealongtimetodevelop.Afterrelationshipshavebeenestablished,however,theytendtostayverysolid.Asaresult,inordertoovercometheinherentdifficultyinrelationshipdevelopment,intermediariesarewidelyusedforsocialrelationshipconstruction.Second,theChineseandothercollectivisticculturestendtobeparticularisticintheirutilizationofvaluestandardstowardin-groupsandout-groups.Thisparticularisticprincipleofinterpersonalrelationshipshindersinteractionswithoutsidersbecausevaluestandardsappliedtoin-groupsmaynotbereadilyadaptedtoout-groups,andmostChinesedon'tfeelknowledgeableaboutdealingwithoutsiders.Questions41-45:Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.Accordingtotheauthor,whatarethefivecommoncriteriaofaninsider?42.Howdoautomaticinsidersdifferfromselectedones?43.Whatexampledoestheauthorgivetoshowthatinsidersaretreateddifferentlyfromoutsiders?Accordingtotheauthor,whatmakesitdifficultforaChinesepersontodevelopapersonalrelationshipwithastranger?Whatmightbeanappropriatetitleforthispassage?SectionIVCommunicationAnalysis[20points]Thefollowingaretwocasesofcross-culturalcommunication.Ineachofthecasesthereissomethingtobeimprovedupon.Writeananalysisonwhatistobedesiredformoresuccessfulcommunicationorculturalunderstanding.Youranalysisshouldbeabout100wordsforeachcase.Youmayorganizeyouranalysisinaccordancewiththefollowingprocedure:whydidthepeopleinvolvedbehavesofromtheculturalperspective?Whatbehaviorscausedthemisunderstandinginthecase?Whatcorrectivebehaviorsdoyousuggesttoeachpartyinthecase?Note:Yourwritingabilitywillbeassessed.Case1(10points)LiHongisanewteacherinamiddleschool.Oneday,oneofherChinesecolleagueYangZhenintroduceshertotheirmiddle-agedforeignteacherMaggy.Yang:LiHong,thisisMaggy,ourEnglishteacherfromAmerica.AndMaggy,thisisLiHong,ournewcolleague.LiandMaggy:Howdoyoudo?Maggy:Yoursweaterissosmart.Li:Oh,itisonlyanoldone,Iboughtitlastyear.12Maggy:Youaresoyoungandsmart,Iamsureyouareagoodteacher.Li:No,no.Iamjustanewcomer,Ishouldlearnfromyouoldteachers.Maggylookssurprisedandthinks,"Iamreallysoold?"Question46:WhydidLiandMaggybehavesofromtheculturalperspective?Whatbehaviorscausedthemisunderstandinginthecase?WhatcorrectivebehaviorsdoyousuggesttoLiandMaggytoavoidmiscommunication?Case2(10points)LihasreturnedtoChinaafterayearintheStates.Hemarrieshischildhoodsweetheart,whohasnevertraveledandspeaksverylittleEnglish.Li'sbestfriendintheStates,Bob,comestovisitChinaforthefirsttimeandisintroducedtoWangLan,thenewwifeofhisbestfriend."Gee,it'sgreattomeetyou",saysBob,"LitalkedaboutyouallthetimebackinHouston!",andkissesWangLanheartilyonbothcheeks.WangLanisshocked.Question47:WhydidBobandWangLanbehavesofromtheculturalperspective?Whatbehaviorscausedthemisunderstandinginthecase?WhatcorrectivebehaviorsdoyousuggesttoBobandWangLantoavoidmiscommunication?《跨文化社交》終結(jié)考試(樣題)參照答案SectionIListeningTest[20points]Part1.(10points,2pointseach.)Part2.(10points,1pointeach.0.5pointoffforeachmisspelling.)6.rootapproachcommunitiesshapelogicgrammarconflictcompletingdisclosuregesturesSectionIICommunicativeCompetence[30points](30points,2pointseach.)13SectionIIIReadingComprehension[30points]Part1.(10points.Award2pointstoeachcorrectanswer.)TFNMFTPart2.(10points.Award2pointstoeachcorrectanswer.)CDACBPart3.(10points)Award2pointstoeachcorrectanswer.Thefivecommoncriteriaofaninsiderarenice,trustworthy,caring,helpful,andempathetic.Automaticinsidersincludeone'sparents,siblings,relatives,colleagues,andclassmates,whereasselectedonesarespecialrelationsthatonehasdevelopedovertimeatworkorelsewhere.AChinesepersonmaygobeyondhisorhermeanstohelpaninsider,butanoutsiderhastofollowtherules.TheimportanceoffamilyandthesenseofdependencybuiltupintheChinesefamilysystem(orvaluestandardsappliedtoin-groupsmaynotbereadilyadaptedtoout-groups).In-GroupsandOut-GroupsinChina;InterpersonalRelationsinChina;RelatingForeignersinChina,etc.SectionIVCommunicationAnalysis[30points]Thesampleanswersgiveninthispartaremoredetailedthanrequiredinordertoleadyouthroughthethreesteps.Intheexamination,thestudents'analysisforeachcaseshouldbeabout100words.Question46.Case1(10points,1pointforoveralllanguagequality.)LiHongcomesfromacollectivistculturewhichemphasizesdeferencepaidtopeopleolderthanselfandmodestydisplayedonthepartoftheyoung.Maggycomesfromanindividualisticculturewhichvaluesassertivenessandfreeexpressionoffeelings.(2points)Asayoungandnewteacher,LiHongshowedherrespecttoMaggywithaformalgreeting.WhenMaggycomplimentedLionhersweaterandherself,LireactedinatypicalChinesewaybyoverusingmodestyinfrontofateacherolderthanher.ShedisplayedherhumblenessbysayingthathersweaterwasanoldoneandsheshouldlearnfromMaggy,anoldteacher.Li'sresponsesareperfectbetweenChinesepeoplebutterribleincross-culturalsituationslikethis.Shedidnotrealizethatherexpressionofrespectcouldbetranslatedintooffencesinceindividualisticculturesdonotassociateasmuchdeferencewithageascollectivisticculturesdo.Therefore,Maggy,comingfromanindividualisticculture,wassurprisedwhenLicalledher"oldteacher".Maggydidnotunderstandthattheword"old"heremeantasacompliment,meaningthatshehadricherteachingexperience.BothLiHongandMaggycommunicatedonlyfromtheirculturalperspectivesandthuscausedmiscommunication.(3points)3.Toavoidmiscommunication,LiHongandMaggyshouldlearnmoreabouteachother'scultureandadjusttheirbehaviorsaccordingly.WhenMaggycomplimentedLionhersweaterandherself,Licouldsimplyreply"thankyou".Shecouldusehernon-verballanguagetoshowherrespecttoMaggy,forinstance,withasmile,ahandshake,etc.(2points)AstoMaggy,shecouldusefewercomplimentarywordsormoreobjectivequestionstoreduceLi'snervousness.Sheshouldalsounderstandthatoneofthekeyvaluesincollectivismisdeferencepaidtoexperienceandoldage.(2points)Question47.Case2(10points,1pointforoveralllanguagequality.)Bobcomesfromanindividualisticculturewhichfeaturesclosebodycontactamongpersonalrelationships.WangLancomesfromacollectivisticculturewhichdoesnotfeatureopendisplayofpersonalfeelingsthroughbodycontact.(2points)Inthecase,BobtreatedWangLanasaclosefriendandgreetedherinatypicalwesternwaywithheartykissesonhercheekstodisplaytheclosefriendship.However,withlittleknowledgeofwesterngreetingetiquette,WangLanwasshockedsinceBob's"rude"behaviorwasnotinlinewiththeChinesewaysofexpressingclosefriendship.InChineseculture,aheartyhandshakewillservethepurpose.ItisthecontrastofBob'sopenexpressionofclosenessthroughclosebodycontactandWangLan'sindirectnessinexpressingherfeelingsthatcausedmiscommunication.(3points)3.Toavoidmiscommunication,BobandWangLanneedtolearnmoreabouteach15other'scultureandadjusttheirbehaviorsaccordingly.BobshouldaskWangLanifhecouldkisshertoexpresshisfriendshiporhecouldshakehandswithWangLaninstead.(2points)WangLanneedstounderstandthatthekisseswerewellmeantanddoesnothavetofeelembarrassedorshocked.Shecouldactmoreactivelybyextendingherhandoutfirstforahandshakeratherthanbehavepassively.(2points)三十篇作文題目及范文(僅供參照)1(ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists,Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?.YoushouldwriteatLeast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1(名校校園正成為旅行新熱門2(校園能否應(yīng)付旅客開放，人們見解不一樣樣3(我認(rèn)為,,參照作文,ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?參看范文一,Onecanalwaysfindvisitorstakingpicturesandenjoyingthesceneryinuniversitycampus.DuringtheMayDayHoliday,NationalDayHoliday,summerandwintervacations,manyUniversitycampusesbecomepopulartouristsites.Inmyopinion,universitycampusshouldbeopentotourists.Infact,therearemanyroyalgardensandparks,allofthemobviouslybetterthanthesceneryintheUniversities.Whydoyouthinkpeopleprefervisitingherewiththeirchildren?ThatisbecauseitisadreamgoalformanyChineseparentsandyoungambitiousstudents.Besidesthis,asmoretouristscometovisituniversities,theseuniversitiescanwidentheirinfluenceaswellandtheycanalsomakesomeprofitfromthetourism.Inaword,Ithinktheuniversitycampusshouldbeopentothetourists,參看范文二,Inuniversitycampus,especiallyinsomefamousones,suchasPekingUniversityandQinghuaUniversity,touristsarealwaysseenlookingaroundeverywhere.Althoughmostofthemvisitwithhopeandrespect,Ithinkuniversitycampusshouldnotbeopentotourists.First,tourists'visitwilldisturbthenormalteaching.Theyalwaysgetintoteachingbuildings,librariesandsoon.Theywillmakenoiseandthrowrubbisheverywhere.Second,sometouriststramplegrasstotakephotos,andsculptureontreestoleavewords.Thesewillaffecttheenvironmentofthecampusbadly.Theuniversityisaholyplaceforstudy,notfortourism.SoItshouldnotbeopen.162.AlettertoacompanydecliningajobofferDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoacompanydecliningajoboffer.YoushouldwriteatLeast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:對(duì)企業(yè)供給職位表示感謝解說為何不可以接受所供給職位的原由希望予以體諒，并表達(dá)對(duì)企業(yè)的優(yōu)秀祝福.,參照范文,ALetterDecliningaJobOfferDearMr.Smith,Thankyouverymuchforgivingmesomuchtimeforlastweek'sinterview.IwasveryexcitingyoucouldprovidethepositionformeasI'mastudentwhojustgraduatefromcollegenow.ButImustsaysorryforyourbelievinginme.Icouldnotbeabletotakethisjob.BecauseIhavepassedtheexaminationtograduateschool.AsIhavementionedtoyouattheinterviewthatIhaveattendedthegraduationexamhalfayearago.Atthattime,Idon'tknowtheresults.ButnowIreceivedtheacceptanceletterfromtheschool.SoIcouldn'tbeabletojoininyourcompany.I'msorryforit.Buthere,Istillwantexpressagainmydeepgratefulnesstoyourjobandwarmwelcome.Ihopeandamsurewewillhaveopportunitytocooperateinthefuture.Sincerelyyours,LiMing3.OnPiracyForthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayentitled“OnPiracy”innolessthan150words.Youmaybaseyourwritingonthefollowingoutline:1(目前盜版的象比重。2(造成種象的原由及危害3(我怎么做Usefulwordsandexpressions盜版piracy(n)盜版品piratedproducts知intellectualproducts入侵版infringesb’scopyright,copyrightinfringement,參照范文之一,Nowadays,itisknowntoallthatChinahasbecomeaplaceoframpantpiratedproducts:piratedCDs,piratedVCDs,piratedDVDs,piratedbooks?Theyareavailableeverywhereandwearesoaccustomedtothephenomenonthatwewon’tfeelitstrangetoseepiratedcopiesofthelatestmoviesevenbeforetheyareonshownintheatres.Thereasonsforthephenomenon,whichareobvioustoall,canbelistedasfollows:Firstofall,thepriceoftheproductsthatarepiratedistoohighthatmostpeoplecannotaffordit.Second,thepriceofthepiratedproductsismuchlowerand,insomecases,thepiratedproductdoesn’tnecessarilymeanlowquality.Alsoplayingapartisthelocalgovernment.Someofficialsgivetopprioritytoeconomy.Theywilltolerate,17orevenencourage,anythingsolongitcanbringthemfinancialincome.Butthepiratedproductsreallydomuchharm.First,theyinfringeintellectualpropertyrights.Second,theyoffendagainsttherulesofthemarket.Asaresultofpiracy,companiesinvestingininventionwillinevitablyrunbankruptcyandoursocietywillstopwhereitis.Noadvance.Noprogress.Inviewoftheseriousnessoftheproblem,effectivemeasuresshouldbetaken:foronething,itishightimethatpeoplealloverChinarealizedtheharmofpiracy;foranother,thegovernmentshouldissuestrictlawsandregulationsinordertoputthesituationundercontrol.,參照范文之二,Atpresent,piracyisbecomingunprecedentedlyvisibleinChina,Anyproduct,liketape,CDandhi-techdevicecanbecopied,nottomentionbook.Shortlyafteranewly-publishedbookhitstheshelves,peoplewillunsurprisinglyfinditspiratedcounterpartsinthestores.Ithasbeenwidelybelievedthatpiracyhascausedagreatlosstolegitimateproducers,inventorsandauthorsinmanyways.Tostartwith,piratedproductsoftencostmuchlessthantheoriginalones,sotheyenjoyunbeatableadvantageinpriceinspiteoftheirrelativelypoorquality.Theoriginalones,onthecontrary,sellpoorly.Asfaraspiratedbooksareconcerned,theydogreatharmtotheauthors/reputationduetotheirmisprints.Inthelongrun,piratedproductsmayalsohave